TONI-4 Test Review
-
Upload
nicolalritter -
Category
Technology
-
view
12.724 -
download
4
description
Transcript of TONI-4 Test Review
![Page 1: TONI-4 Test Review](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022061202/547b55b75906b59f798b45e3/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Test of Nonverbal Intelligence – 4th Ed.
TONI-4
Test Review
![Page 2: TONI-4 Test Review](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022061202/547b55b75906b59f798b45e3/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
• Constitutive Definition:– The ability to apply knowledge to manipulate one's
environment or to think abstractly as measured by objective criteria defines as intelligence
• Operational Definition:The authors define intelligence as Spearman’s g and fluid intelligence.
What is Intelligence?
![Page 3: TONI-4 Test Review](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022061202/547b55b75906b59f798b45e3/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Intelligence Tests• The Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children,
Fourth Edition (WISC-IV; Wechsler, 2003);• Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale,
FourthEdition (WAIS-IV; Wechsler, 2008);• Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale, Fifth Edition
(Roid, 2003); • Woodcock-Johnson Test of Cognitive Abilities
(Woodcock, McGrew, & Mather, 2001);• Test of Nonverbal Intelligence, Fourth Edition
(TONI-4; Brown, Sherbenou, & Johnsen, 2010);• Universal Nonverbal Intelligence Test (Bracken
& McCallum, 1997)
![Page 4: TONI-4 Test Review](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022061202/547b55b75906b59f798b45e3/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Test Description• Published by PRO-ED located in Austin, Texas• Measures general intelligence.• Ideal for populations with language, hearing,
motor impairment, or that are unfamiliar with mainstream American culture
• Not intended to test individuals with visual impairments
• Test administrators need some formal training.• Test administrators also need a fundamental
understanding of mental ability testing and measurement.
![Page 5: TONI-4 Test Review](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022061202/547b55b75906b59f798b45e3/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Purpose of TONI-4• General intellectual functioning• Intellectual impairment • Treatment, therapy or special services• Hypothesis
![Page 6: TONI-4 Test Review](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022061202/547b55b75906b59f798b45e3/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
• Age Range: 6 years 0 month through 89 years 11 months.
• The first 19 questions are for ages 6 to 9 years, and the remaining questions are for ages 10 and older.
• The time to finish the test is 15 minutes.• Every correct response is scored as 1 point,
and incorrect response is scored as 0 point.
Specific Description
![Page 7: TONI-4 Test Review](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022061202/547b55b75906b59f798b45e3/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Scoring• Basal: The highest level at which an individual
scores five consecutive correct responses.• Ceiling: The third error out of five consecutive
responses.
![Page 8: TONI-4 Test Review](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022061202/547b55b75906b59f798b45e3/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
I. Index Scores: Mean is 100 and SD is 15.II. PercentilesIII. Age EquivalentsIV. Descriptive Terms• The manual provides a corresponding
descriptive rating with each index score interval.
Types of Scores
![Page 9: TONI-4 Test Review](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022061202/547b55b75906b59f798b45e3/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Descriptive Terms
Index Score Descriptive
Rating
>130 Very Superior
121-130 Superior
111-120 Above Average
90-110 Average
80-89 Below Average
79-79 Poor
<70 Very Poor
![Page 10: TONI-4 Test Review](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022061202/547b55b75906b59f798b45e3/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Test Construction• Item generation procedures
- Features such as shape, position, direction,rotation,contiguity, shading, size, and movement
- Added 6 items for a total of 60 items which reduced the floor and ceiling effects
- The two forms were evenly distributed in item similarity and difficulty.
![Page 11: TONI-4 Test Review](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022061202/547b55b75906b59f798b45e3/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Item Analysis• Classical Test Theory
– Item Discrimination: A point-biserial correlation between each item and the total scores resulted in enough magnitude for positive content validity.
– Item Difficulty averaged about 50%, with items ranging between 15% and 85%, which is acceptable degree for item discrimination.
• Item Response Theory– A logistic regression was used to test all items. – Three dichotomous groups were compared by effect sizes. (e.g. male
vs. female, African American vs. non-African American, and Hispanic vs. non-Hispanic)
– The result show the items unlikely to be biased.
• Item Analysis for Bias– Any biased items with moderate (34% -70%) or large (>70%) effect
sizes were deleted and replaced with unbiased items.
![Page 12: TONI-4 Test Review](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022061202/547b55b75906b59f798b45e3/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Standardization Sample• 2,272 participants from 31 states were
tested in South, West, Northeast, and Midwest by trained experts.
• English verbal instructions were used for 77% of the normative sample, while the remaining used nonverbal instructions.
• The sample was proportionally stratified relative to the U.S. population at the time the test was developed by age, race, gender, location, parental education, and socioeconomic status.
![Page 13: TONI-4 Test Review](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022061202/547b55b75906b59f798b45e3/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Reliability and Validty• Test-retest reliability (n=63)• Alternate form (n=63)– Immediate administration– Delayed administration
• Interscorer agreement • Concurrent validity (n=112)– CTONI-2– TONI-3
![Page 14: TONI-4 Test Review](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022061202/547b55b75906b59f798b45e3/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
• Evidence of decrease in cultural and language factors
• Addition of verbal instructions• New normative data collected and stratified• Addition of 6 items to increase difficulty• Items reordered to balance forms• Test duration relatively short
Strengths
![Page 15: TONI-4 Test Review](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022061202/547b55b75906b59f798b45e3/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
• Normative sample tested with English version• Stratification into subgroups– Exceptionality subgroup
• Sample size of certain reliability and validity determinants
• Scorers are not independent
Weaknesses
![Page 16: TONI-4 Test Review](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022061202/547b55b75906b59f798b45e3/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
• Good alternative to verbal intelligence tests• Diagnose intellectual impairments in
individuals whose performance may be confounded by language, cultural, or physical impairments
• Verify referrals for special services
Recommendations