Tong Wildfires in China Photos
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Transcript of Tong Wildfires in China Photos
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Response to Earthquakes in ChinaA Case Study of Wenchuan Earthquake
Tong Mingkang
President of ICOMOS CHINA
March 11 2009
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37 world heritage sites, including 26 cultural, 7 natural and 4 mixed.
I. Chinas cultural heritage and natural disasters it faces
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registered immovablemonuments and sites400,000,
under state-level
protection 2,351,under province-level
protection 8,831,under city/county-
level protection 58,371
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110 cities and 251 historically and culturally towns or villages havebeen proclaimed as famous places.
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Chi na s t er r i t or y makes up onl y7% of t he l and ar ea of t he wor l d
93
7%
ot her ar eas Chi na
cont i nent al ear t hquakes wi t h amagni t ude of 7. 0 or above i n t he
20t h cent ur
65%
35%
ot her ar eas Chi na
deat hs caused by ear t hquakes i nt he 20t h cent ur
61000051%
59000049%
ot her ar eas Chi na
China is one of the countriessuffering the most intensive and serious
earthquakes and having the largestearthquake deaths in the world.
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14:28, May 12, 2008Wenchuan CountySichuan Province
West China8.0 Richter scale
The sketch map of Wenchuan Earthquake
Beijing
Wenchuan
II. Damage to cultural heritage caused by Wenchuan
Earthquake
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Striking
417 counties,
16 provinces and municipalities,440,000 km 2 area.
69,227 dead.
17,923 missing.
374,643 injured.
1,486,407 rescued and relocated.
economic losses 800 billion RMB,
seismic intensity map
Sichuan
ShaanxiGansu
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In the worst-hit area of
Sichuan, Gansu and Shaanxiprovinces, 134 monumentsunder state-level protectionand 242 under province-levelprotection as well as 4,000pieces of museum collectionhave been damaged to
various extents.Sichuan
Shaanxi
Gansu
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Cultural heritage resources of Qiang ethnic group have suffered hugelosses in the earthquake, as they are all distributed in the worst-hit area.
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Qiang village in Taopingpost-earthquake before earthquake
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post-earthquake before earthquake
Qiang village in Taoping
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Damages to historic buildings caused by the earthquake arecategorized by four types:
A. Buildings that completely collapsed;
Lingbao Monastery, located in Sichuanprovince, before earthquake
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post-earthquake
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B. Structures heavily damaged and buildings that partially collapsed;
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C. Structures partially damaged;
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D. Structures left basically intact, but with decorations damaged.
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After-quake surveys indicate routine maintenance is vital to the
protection of Oriental wooden and brick-and-stone structures againstearthquake attacks.crack
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temporary measures being taken
instantly to prevent from further
damages
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The square of Jinsha Site Museum after earthquake
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The second step involved launching surveys and assessments onthe damages and after-quake protection.
Experts are assessing damages to cultural heritage.Expert group is reviewing protection plans.
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Some of the plan and design texts
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The third step mobilized qualified institutes nationwide to providetechnical aid.
To sign counterpart aiding agreement
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The fourth step included implementing projects to rescue and protectquake-hit cultural properties in a scientific, step-by-step manner.
rescue and protection project of Dujiangyan Irrigation System, the World Heritage
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before professional cleaning
after professional cleaning
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before professional cleaning
after professional cleaning
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Recyclable roof tiles are sorted out and place in order.
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Inscribed carvings and building components are numbered and stored collectively.
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rescue and protection project of Diaolou tower in Maerkang
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Training courses have been offered to local artisans in therestoration of Tibetan and Qiang cultural property.
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IV. Some experiences and ideas to share with
colleagues
A well-developed, effective precaution and relief system shouldconsist of five elements :
1.The improved laws and regulations.2.The scientific emergency response mechanisms and plans.
3.The detailed archives on cultural heritage resources.4.The effective monitoring and assessment systems.5.The well-established institutions for cultural heritage
conservation.
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Following principles should be abided by during post-quakerescue and protection:
1.Priority for structure rescue.2.Priority to the protection in original site.3.Priority to traditional approaches of restoration.
4.Priority to earthquake precaution and disaster relief.5.Distinguishing while in-site cleaning.
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Gus tavo Araoz , Vice
Pres ident of ICOMOS and
Secre ta ry General o f
ICOMOS USA
Mouni r Bouchenak i , Di rec t o r
General of ICOMOS
Francesco Bandar in ,
Direc t o r o f Wor ld Her i t ageCenter of UNESCO
Jean-Lou is Luxen to , fo rm er
Secre ta ry General o f
ICOMOS and a c ol leaguefo rm Belg ium
Sher idan Burke , fo rmer Vic e
Pres ident of ICOMOS and a
c o l l e a g ue f ro m A u s t r a l i a
Dinu Bum baru , Secre t a ry
General of ICOMOS
Canada
Lazar Sumanov, Exec u t ive
Co mm i t t e e Me mb e r of
Macedon ian na t iona l i ty o f
ICOMOS
J u k k a J o k i l e ht o ,i n t e rn a t i o n a l ly r e n o w n e d
e x p e r t o n c u l t u r a l h e ri t a g e
Amund Sinding-Larsen ,
Pres ident of ICOMOSN o r w a y
Pat Wi je ra tne , fo rmer
Pres ident of ICOMOS Sri
La n k a
Co l l eagu es w h o d e l iv er ed co n d o len ce l e t t e r s a r e a s
f o l l o w s :
Co l leagues w ho dona ted
a r e a s fo l l o w s :
Mrs . Bened ic te Se l fs lagh,
Ex e c u t i v e C omm i t t e e
Mem ber of ICOMOS
Peter Ph i l l ip s , P res iden t o f
ICOMOS Aust ral ia
Mrs . K r i s t a l B u c k l e y, Vi c e
Pres ident of ICOMOS
Mrs . Sher idan Burke , fo rm er
Vice Pres ident o f ICOMOS
Mr. Rober t Moore , Aus t ra l i a
Exper t
, Pres iden t of ICOMOS
K o re a
, K o re a n c u l t u r a l
a mb a s s a do r f ro m In s t i t u t e
under Korea Commiss ion o f
Cu l tu ra l Her i t ages
, Ex e c u t i v e Co mm i t t e e
Me mb e r o f K o re a nna t iona l i ty o f ICOMOS
Masaru Maeno , Pres iden t o f
ICOMOS J apan
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The World Heritage Committee provided 80, 000 US dollars to bespent on the assessment of damages to World Heritage sites Mt.Qingcheng and Dujiangyan Irrigation System and the Habitat ofGiant Panda.
Chinese participants were invited to present reports on Chinassolutions at international conferences such as the ICOMOS Asia-Pacific Regional Meeting in June, the 32nd session of the WorldHeritage Committee in July, and the 16th ICOMOS GeneralAssembly in September 2008.
From 9 to 13 February, 2009, China and Japan held a jointsymposium in Sichuan to exchange views on the practices and
experiences in protecting cultural heritage against earthquakes, andpost-quake rescue and protection of cultural heritage.
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Thank you!