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UMDNS Information

This Product Comparison covers the following device terms and product codes as listed in ECRI Institute’s Universal Medical Device Nomenclature System™ (UMDNS™):

Scanning Systems, Computed Tomography, Axial, Head [15-955] Scanning Systems, Computed Tomography, Axial, Full-Body [15-956] Scanning Systems, Computed Tomography, Electron Beam [16-899] Scanning Systems, Computed Tomography, Spiral [18-443] Scanning Systems, Computed Tomography/Positron Emission

Tomography [20-161]

Scanning Systems, Computed Tomography, Full-Body

Scope of this Product Comparison

This Product Comparison covers computed tomography (CT) scanners used to obtain cross-sectional images

without restriction to a particular anatomic region. It also covers the CT components of combined positron

emission tomography (PET)/CT systems. For PET component information, see the report titled Scanning Systems,

Positron Emission Tomography.

Purpose

CT scanners produce thin cross-sectional images of the human body for

a wide variety of diagnostic procedures. CT is a noninvasive radiographic

technique that involves the reconstruction of a tomographic plane of the

body (a slice) from a large number of collected x-ray absorption

measurements taken during a scan around the body’s periphery. The

result of a CT study is usually a set of transaxial slices, which can be

mathematically manipulated to produce sagittal or coronal image slices.

With isotropic imaging, an image can be reconstructed in any arbitrary

plane. See Figure 1 for an illustration of body planes.

CT is clinically useful in a wide variety of imaging exams, including

spine and head, gastrointestinal, and vascular.

Principles of Operation

Components of a CT system

A CT system consists of an x-ray subsystem, a gantry, a patient table, and a controlling computer. A high-

voltage x-ray generator supplies electric power to the x-ray tube, which usually has a rotating anode and is

capable of withstanding the high heat loads generated during rapid multiple-slice acquisition.

The gantry houses the x-ray tube, detector system,

collimators, and rotational circuitry; in some scanners, it

also contains a compact, high-frequency x-ray

generator. Most solid-state detectors are made of

ceramic materials that produce light when exposed to

ionizing radiation. Silicon photodiodes convert this light

into an electrical signal.

Collimators located near the x-ray tube and at each

detector are aligned so that scatter radiation is

minimized and the x-ray beam is properly defined for

scanning.

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2 ©2008 ECRI Institute. All Rights Reserved.

Figure 1. The planes of the human body

The patient table can be moved both vertically and horizontally to accommodate various scanning positions.

During a CT scan, the table moves the patient into the gantry and the x-ray tube rotates around the patient. As x-

rays pass through the patient to the detectors, the computer acquires and processes data to form an image. The

computer also controls the x-ray production, gantry motions, table motions, and image display and storage.

Types of CT scanners

CT scanners use slip-ring technology, which was

introduced in 1989. Slip-ring scanners can perform helical CT

scanning, in which the x-ray tube and detector rotate around

the patient’s body, continuously acquiring data while the

patient moves through the gantry. The acquired volume of

data can be reconstructed at any point during the scan.

Most modern CT scanners are multislice. In addition to

the gantry, a multislice CT scanner has a powerful computer

processor. Inside the gantry, an x-ray tube projects a fan-

shaped x-ray beam through the patient to the detector array.

As the x-ray tube and detector rotate, x-rays are detected at a

number of angles through the patient. The computer

mathematically reconstructs data from each full rotation to

produce an image of one slice. The second component is a

detector design that incorporates approximately 1,000

elements along the length of the arc (x/y axes) and up to 64

elements across the width (z-axis) of the detector. In contrast,

the detector in a single-slice CT scanner is only divided into

segments along the length of the detector. When using a

multislice CT scanner, the slice width is chosen by combining

data from adjacent elements across the detector in the z-axis.

This differs from single-slice CT scanning, in which the slice width is selected by controlling the width of the x-

ray beam with collimators. The scanners use rows of detectors to take multiple images (or multiple slices) in each

pass. Multislice CT technology reduces the limitations caused by x-ray tube heating and patient movement

encountered in single-slice CT scanning.

The main advantage of a CT scanner with a higher slice count is faster acquisition; as the speed of acquisition

increases, so does the ability to image moving organs. Multislice CT scanners make more efficient use of the x-ray

tube because the x-ray beam is wider than in a single-slice CT scanner. However, the actual increase in tube life

may not be as great as expected because of other factors. For instance, as rotation speed increases, the burden on

the tubes also increases. In addition, multislice CT scanners can acquire the data needed for isometric voxel

reconstruction faster than single-slice CT scanners can. This means that larger volumes (e.g., complete organs) can

now be reconstructed with a useful spatial resolution in three dimensions. Multislice CT is also used for

computed tomography angiography (CTA), a technique for imaging the large blood vessels that is used to assess

renal artery stenosis, carotid bifurcation, and abdominal aortic aneurysms. Commercially available multislice

scanners can now acquire up to 64 slices simultaneously.

Three-dimensional (3-D) CTA is used to assess aneurysms preoperatively and postoperatively, in planning

angiography and subsequent surgery, and to complement conventional angiography, ultrasound, and magnetic

resonance angiography.

Cardiac imaging is developing very quickly. CT scanners that can acquire up to 64 slices are now routinely

used for a number of diagnostic cardiac exams. Studies suggest that CT coronary scans (both helical and ultrafast)

may detect coronary stenoses as accurately as coronary angiography and/or intracoronary ultrasound (ICUS)


©2008 ECRI Institute. All Rights Reserved 3

most of the time. Also, multislice CT is being used to detect presymptomatic disease by identifying coronary

plaque. The significance of these capabilities is that CT coronary scanning is the first noninvasive method for

visualizing, localizing, and quantifying coronary disease and assessing risk. This allows medical personnel to

recognize potential coronary complications even if angiography and/or ICUS are not options.

However, coronary CT exposes the patient to high radiation doses. Imaging needs and patient safety should

dictate the scanning technique.

Most manufacturers offer remote diagnostics, which allows for expedited handling of system problems. With

remote diagnostics, a supplier can download a software patch, order replacement parts, or immediately alert a

repair technician about problems.

Most systems offer advanced data processing (with 3-D and computer-aided detection [CAD] capabilities) in

addition to some archiving capabilities, which allow personnel to recall the images at a later time for review. For

further information, see the Product Comparison titled Picture Archiving and Communication Systems (PACS),

Radiology.

Many suppliers now offer specialized software for bone mineral analysis, dental CT, cerebral blood-flow

analysis, pulmonary imaging, and cardiac imaging.

Combined PET/CT systems that incorporate PET and CT scanning technology into one system to produce

“fused” images that provide both functional and anatomic information are available. The process of combining

data from different imaging modalities is called image fusion and has been performed for several years using

computer workstations and software. CT, PET, and/or other image data is combined using software to facilitate

radiotherapy treatment planning and visualization of anatomy and function. However, software fusion cannot

overcome all problems with patient positioning and registration, since the patient is scanned on separate PET and

CT scanners. By combining PET and CT into one imaging examination, the anatomy and metabolic activity are

shown on one image, thereby pinpointing the location of a potentially cancerous area. PET/CT systems are

primarily intended for oncologic imaging to enhance treatment planning for radiotherapy or surgery.

During a PET/CT exam, a CT image is acquired first, and then a PET scan is performed. Actual scanning time

depends on PET technology, and the patient remains on the same imaging table throughout both scans. Before

scanning, patients are injected with the radiopharmaceutical fluorine-18-deoxyglucose (FDG; also called

fluorodeoxyglucose), which is an analogue for glucose to monitor glucose metabolism in the brain, heart, and

other organs. For more information on PET systems, see the Product Comparison titled Scanning Systems,

Positron Emission Tomography.

A dual-source computed tomography (DSCT) system that uses two x-ray sources and two multislice detectors

is currently being manufactured and sold. The manufacturer claims that the system provides better cardiac

imaging than earlier CT scanners while exposing the patient to less radiation. It is also capable of performing

dual-energy computed tomography (DECT) imaging. The main use of DECT is to automatically discriminate

between different materials, for example between contrast material and bone. Early results are encouraging,

although the full clinical potential is not yet known. The DSCT system received 510(k) clearance for marketing

from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in September 2005.

Image manipulation

The quantitative nature of the CT image allows the reviewer to easily perform a large number of image

manipulations. Although the numerical range of pixels in the image is rather large, the numerical range spanned

by most soft tissues is relatively narrow. To adequately display the values for soft tissue and still maintain the

ability to discriminate density differences, CT scanners are designed to display user-selected CT numerical ranges

(also called Hounsfield units) over the entire grayscale. The range to be displayed (window width) and the central

value (level) are also user selectable.

Regions of interest in the image can be selected to obtain average CT values within the region or to calculate









total lesion volume. CT-guided needle biopsies are facilitated by the ability to measure distance and orientation

between two operator-selected points in the images.

The transaxial images or raw data obtained directly from the scanner can be reformatted into sagittal, coronal,

and oblique images by software manipulation. Most current systems can also construct tomographic images at

nonorthogonal orientations to provide a better display of anatomic detail.

Because anatomic relationships can be more clearly visualized with a 3-D image display than with a planar

image display, surgeons are using 3-D CT more frequently for surgery simulations and for planning

reconstructive procedures. Most CT workstations are capable of 3-D image reconstruction; however, an important

issue relates to the amount of data available for manipulation. Usually, some data is lost when it is sent to a

PACS; therefore, for 3-D or CAD image reconstruction, access to raw data is necessary if all the information is to

be extracted. Hence, most CT systems now have a dedicated image processing workstation. In addition, some

software allows the 3-D image to be rotated to view a variety of perspectives. Clinical applications of 3-D

reconstruction include craniofacial surgical planning; postoperative evaluations; analysis of the pelvis, hip, and

spine; CTA; and virtual colonoscopy.

Image quality and resolution

A number of factors combine to

determine the quality of the image

produced by any CT scanner, including

radiation dose, number of attenuation

measurements taken, reconstruction

algorithm, size of the digital image matrix,

presence or absence of artifacts, and

pitch—which is the ratio between total

acquisition width and distance moved per

rotation. The relationship between

radiation dose, reconstruction filter, and

spatial resolution is such that for high-

contrast resolution (e.g., in the inner ear),

the physical design of the detector system

determines the minimum detectable

lesion; beyond a certain point, nothing is gained by increasing the radiation exposure. As the lesion-to-

background contrast ratio decreases, increasing the radiation dose and thereby decreasing the statistical noise in

the image produces an apparent increase in spatial resolution. Low-contrast resolution can also be increased by

using a reconstruction filter, which reduces the image noise. This relationship is important because it is used in

soft-tissue imaging procedures to increase the probability of detecting low-contrast lesions, such as metastatic

carcinoma in the liver. Because of this interdependence, it is critical that all the scan performance parameters (i.e.,

peak kilovoltage [kVp], milliampere-seconds [mAs], radiation dose, reconstruction algorithm, and noise) be

stated whenever the spatial resolution of a scanner is quoted.

Z-resolution depends on nominal slice thickness and the quality of data processing. Reduced slice thickness

leads to better z-resolution but is not sufficient when used alone. Therefore, the slice selective profile (SSP) is

normally specified and should agree with the reconstructed slice width. It is also important to realize that as the

slice thickness is reduced, the noise will increase (contrast resolution will decrease). Theoretically, if the slice

thickness is halved, then the dose will need to be doubled for the same contrast resolution.

Contrast resolution in a CT scanner is directly related to radiation dose and the efficiency with which

transmitted x-rays are detected. Although the 0.3% to 0.4% contrast resolution of current scanners could be

increased by longer scanning times or more intense x-ray beams, a clinically relevant improvement is unlikely



without a significant increase in the radiation dose. More likely, improvements in contrast resolution will result

from changes in design and adjustments in the image reconstruction algorithms.

Spatial resolution in the final CT image can be improved by several techniques, including limited fan-beam

scanning and geometric magnification. Limited fan-beam scanning increases resolution by collimating the x-ray

beam so that it covers only the central 20 to 25 cm of the gantry opening. Because the beam spans fewer detectors,

the sampling rate is much quicker and transmission measurements can be taken at smaller angular increments

during rotation; in turn, the finer sampling increases spatial resolution in the reconstructed image.

Another important factor in CT imaging is the field of view. Most scanners are limited to a 50 cm field of view

(the diameter of axial scans); with the widespread introduction of wider bores, the field of view is enlarging. A

larger display field of view offers visualization of peripheral anatomic details that are essential for radiation

therapy treatment planning but that would have been lost on conventional 50 cm display views.

Radiation dose

CT uses some of the highest doses of any diagnostic imaging method, and the fact that multislice CT has the

potential to increase these doses adds to the need for some form of automatic dose control. CT manufacturers are

now implementing various strategies to control dose. One such strategy is to use preprogrammed technique

factors, which manufacturers are currently fine-tuning to specific patient sizes, particularly for pediatric

applications. Because tube current directly affects the patient dose and the image quality, manufacturers have

various methods to control tube current during the exposure. One method varies the tube current based on the

scout view. At least one scout view is normally collected before a scan begins and is acquired by fixing the x-ray

tube while moving the patient through the scanner. From the scout view, it is possible to calculate the tube

current needed for each slice. The simplest dose-control system uses just one scout view, although some systems

can use two views.

A more advanced dose-control method uses real-time information about the patient’s anatomy derived from

the beam signal received by the detectors as the scan is progressing. Obtaining such feedback is possible because

of the faster electronics on today’s CT scanners. The user sets the desired image-quality level, and the scanner

adjusts the tube current as needed. Studies with patients suggest that dose savings of up to 50% may be possible

using these systems (Kalra et al. 2004).

Reported Problems

One study (Brenner et al. 2001) has reported increased radiation-induced-cancer risk because CT is

increasingly being used for examining pediatric patients. Although the risk/benefit ratio is such that most CT

examinations of children are necessary, one study (Donnelly et al. 2001) found that the radiation dose of the exam

can be reduced by adjusting the CT protocol based on patient weight. In particular, the mA and pitch settings

were lowered for helical scanning. Some helical CT units have software that automatically chooses mA settings

for the best image quality for adult imaging. The authors recommend overriding such automatic settings when

imaging children. Recently, manufacturers have been fine-tuning preprogrammed technique factors to specific

patient sizes, particularly for pediatrics. Dose-control mechanisms are now available on many scanners, and

manufacturers are experimenting with various options to find which is the most acceptable to users. ECRI

Institute will continue to monitor developments in this area.

Despite the superior low-contrast resolution that CT offers, the spatial resolution of CT is relatively poor

compared to that of film radiographic techniques. This limit on spatial resolution is typically not a major problem

for most CT applications, but it may present a problem when attempting to scan thin structures, as in bone-

thickness studies (Newman et al. 1998).

Artifacts can arise in CT images from defects in the data-gathering process or as a result of the physics

involved in x-ray imaging. Motion artifacts are common in images produced from projection data acquired while



the patient was moving. The filtered back-projection process requires that the structures being imaged remain

stationary during the entire scanning procedure; otherwise, the positive and negative components of the various

projections will not cancel appropriately, resulting in linear streaks through the reconstructed image. The streaks

generally originate at high-contrast interfaces, such as the bony protuberances on the inside of the skull or the

interface between bowel gas and contrast material. Patient cooperation and shortened scanning time can reduce

this type of artifact.

“Metal artifact,” in which bright streaks radiate from a central high-density metal clip or bullet fragment, is

caused by a failure of the back-projection algorithms; it cannot be eliminated and is worsened by motion. The

extremely high density and small relative size of the metal object cause severe streaks even with very little

motion.

Failure to take enough transmission measurements during the scan often results in sampling artifacts that

appear as repetitive high-spatial-frequency patterns radiating from some high-density object. The apparent

source of the artifact may or may not be within the image reconstruction circle.

Using polychromatic x-ray beams from a standard x-ray tube introduces a potentially serious artifact source.

The preferential absorption of lower-energy photons (beam hardening) causes a large object to appear less

absorptive than a smaller object with the same attenuation characteristics. In images that are inadequately

corrected for this phenomenon, beam hardening causes the CT values obtained for a particular organ to be highly

dependent on patient size. For example, the CT values for normal liver tissue in an infant are significantly larger

than values for a large adult when both are imaged in the same system. A second effect of this phenomenon is

that the thicker portions of a patient’s body appear to be less dense than the thinner portions. If severe enough,

beam hardening can interfere with the radiologist’s ability to make clinical diagnoses.

Beam-hardening artifacts can be partially corrected by proper scanner calibration or by a shaped filter (one

with a bow-tie-shaped cross section) through which the x-ray beam passes on its way to the patient. The x-rays

passing through the shorter absorption paths at the edge of the patient body pass through a thicker portion of the

filter, while the beam passing through the thin central part of the filter then passes through the thicker central

part of the patient’s body. The final result is that the beam is uniformly hardened, independent of the shape of the

patient’s body.

In helical CT, increased image noise, edge blurring, and artifacts can occur. Artifacts related to helical CT

include inhomogeneous patches and halos, stair stepping in 3-D images, artifacts resulting from volume

averaging, and artifacts simulating ascending aortic dissection. Varying the scan protocol, decreasing table feed

or slice thickness, and changing the timing of contrast-medium injection can help reduce the occurrence of

artifacts during helical CT scanning.

Image quality and overall system performance should be monitored through a comprehensive quality-control

program that includes measurements of resolution, noise, patient radiation dose, and the accuracy of CT

numbers. Patient couch positioning, image processing, and hard-copy output should also be evaluated.

Contrast-medium injection can cause several problems. The most common complication is the formation of

blood clots, which can lodge downstream and occlude smaller vessels. Care must be taken to avoid injecting

contrast medium directly into the vessel wall, which could cause dissection or occlusion of the vessel. New

catheter designs have been introduced that reportedly enable high flow while avoiding turbulence at the catheter

terminus. Several incidents of toxic or anaphylactic reactions to contrast agents have been reported, including

minor nausea and vomiting, skin rashes, cardiac arrest, bronchospasm, ventricular fibrillation, and renal

insufficiency. The American College of Radiology and the American College of Cardiology have recently

recommended the use of newer nonionic or low-osmolality agents in certain patients who are at higher risk of

suffering adverse reactions. Hospitals should implement a policy governing use of high-osmolality versus low-

osmolality and nonionic contrast agents. In addition, thrombus formation is possible when blood mixes with

nonionic contrast medium in an injection syringe or catheter.



Purchase Considerations

ECRI Institute recommendations

Included in the accompanying comparison chart are ECRI Institute’s recommendations for minimum

performance requirements for CT scanners; recommended specifications have been categorized into three groups:

low-range, midrange, and high-range. The low-range category specifies a 4-slice scanner, the midrange category

specifies a 16-slice scanner, and the high-range category specifies a 64-slice scanner. Other differentiating criteria

include the types of exams that can be performed and the patient throughput possible.

Most routine clinical exams can be adequately performed using a midrange 16-slice system. Similar systems

with larger gantry apertures, called wide-bore scanners, are appropriate for oncology exams and are also useful

for scanning bariatric patients and for interventional procedures. Systems that acquire more and thinner slices in

one rotation allow for more complex exams (e.g., cardiac) and more varied patient populations (e.g., pediatric,

trauma). However, as the number of slices that can be acquired increases, the incremental benefit decreases. The

number of slices has a significant effect on the cost of a system, so the choice can have a significant effect on

profitability. The only real difference between systems with higher and lower slice counts is the number of slices

collected per rotation and thus the speed at which the scanner acquires information; the minimum slice thickness

and spatial resolution are not affected. For example, a 64-slice scanner can acquire 0.625 mm thick slices per

rotation, or a total coverage of 40 mm; a 16-slice scanner can also acquire 0.625 mm thick slices but can only cover

10 mm per rotation. All other factors being equal, the 64-slice system is four times faster. However, most clinical

studies do not benefit from the use of 0.625 mm slices; 1 mm or even 2 mm slices are adequate. Also, thinner CT

slices come at the expense of increased image noise, and narrow slices are only truly useful in high-contrast

exams. Therefore, from the perspective of increased speed, 64-slice systems have an advantage only if high

resolution is required in a very short time. Cardiac and pulmonary imaging are the major beneficiaries. Potential

buyers should note that a faster exam time does not translate to higher patient throughput, because a very small

proportion of the time a patient spends in a scanner is actually used for image acquisition.

Increasing the number of slices has an advantage of reducing the radiation dose, if all other factors are

constant. The wider coverage in the z direction results in more efficient use of the beam. For the narrowest slice,

this can lead to significant dose saving. However, the benefit is reduced as slice thicknesses are increased. If the

CT acquisition parameters are set carefully, some patient groups (e.g., pediatric patients) would benefit.

Considering most patient groups and exams, the advantages of using a 64-slice CT scanner are minimal. A 16-

slice system is adequate for trauma and angiographic applications and can acquire a peripheral angiogram with 2

mm slices (with a scanned length of 5 feet) in less than 30 seconds.

Another important, though more subtle, difference is the speed of image reconstruction. Acquiring more slices

is of little benefit if patient throughput is held up by slow image reconstruction. Conversely, there is little point in

purchasing a very-high-specification computer that will rarely be used to capacity. The same is true for the x-ray

generator and tube. Low-volume facilities will see little benefit from the more efficient use of the x-ray tube on a

16-slice scanner to warrant its replacement cost of more than $120,000. Therefore, before buying a CT system, it is

necessary to evaluate patient population, clinical needs, and desired throughput.

Other considerations

A number of design features must be considered before purchasing a CT scanner. Comparable scanners from

various manufacturers differ little in their basic clinical applications. The principal differences between top-of-

the-line and less sophisticated models generally involve cycle time (scanning and reconstruction time), spatial

resolution, data-storage features, and helical scanning protocols. Any CT scanner model being considered for

purchase must be examined while it is operating (preferably in a clinical setting rather than in a manufacturer’s

demonstration room).



Before purchasing a CT scanner, facilities should consider whether they anticipate a need to upgrade their CT

capabilities in the future. The technological jump from a 16-slice system to a 64-slice system requires significant

changes in design. The detector, analog-to-digital converters, x-ray tube, and processing computer require

changing. Most manufacturers offer intermediate (e.g., 32- and 40-slice) systems. With such systems, many of the

high-specification components are already included or can be easily fitted. Upgrading such a system to full

specification is more easily achieved. For example, a 10-slice CT scanner can be upgraded to 16 slices (but no

further), a 16-slice scanner cannot be upgraded without difficulty, and a 40-slice system can be upgraded to a 64-

slice system. In general, buying lower-specification equipment and upgrading later will be more expensive

overall, but the initial capital investment is lower. There are no rules governing the upgradability of a system, and

some systems may be more easily upgraded than others.

Distributed processing in the construction of CT scanners has eliminated the need for specially air-conditioned

computer rooms in some cases, but such rooms are generally still required. Failure to provide adequate air-

conditioning for the computer equipment severely compromises the reliability of the scanner system and

ultimately shortens its useful life. In most cases, the existing hospital air-conditioning system cannot be used

because its operation is tied to outdoor weather conditions and many times it is already operating close to

capacity. Conditioning the electrical power supply is also required because the ability of the scanner to make

artifact-free images often depends strongly on the electrical power energizing the instrument. Surge suppressors

and means for automatic disconnection in the event of power failure should also be installed.

The length of time required to install the scanner varies by supplier, but installation times of two weeks are

common. Some scanners that are water-cooled may have special plumbing requirements.

The complexity of CT scanners makes adequate training an absolute necessity. However, technician and

physician training varies by supplier. The usual training consists of one or more visits to the facility by an

instructor provided by the supplier. Most initial training periods are three to four days, but longer visits are often

desirable, depending on the in-house expertise and experience. Follow-up visits should be arranged three to six

months after the initial installation.

Cost containment

Because CT scanners entail ongoing maintenance and operational costs, the initial acquisition cost does not

accurately reflect the total cost of ownership. A purchase decision should be based on issues such as life-cycle cost

(LCC), local service support, discount rates and non-price-related benefits offered by the supplier, and

standardization with existing equipment in the department or hospital (i.e., purchasing all radiographic

equipment from one supplier).

An LCC analysis can be used to compare alternatives and/or to determine the positive or negative economic

value of a single alternative. For example, hospitals can use LCC analysis techniques to examine the cost-

effectiveness of leasing or renting equipment versus purchasing the equipment outright. Because it examines the

cash-flow impact of initial acquisition costs and operating costs over a period of time, LCC analysis is most useful

for comparing alternatives with different cash flows and for revealing the total costs of equipment ownership.

One LCC technique—present value (PV) analysis—is especially useful because it accounts for inflation and for the

time value of money (i.e., money received today is worth more than money received at a later date). Conducting a

PV/LCC analysis often demonstrates that the cost of ownership includes more than just the initial acquisition cost

and that a small increase in initial acquisition cost may produce significant savings in long-term operating costs.

The PV is calculated using the annual cash outflow, the dollar discount factor (the cost of capital), and the lifetime

of the equipment (in years) in a mathematical equation.



The following represents a sample five-year PV/LCC analysis for a CT scanner with helical capability.

Present Value/Life-Cycle Cost Analysis

Assumptions

Operating costs are considered for years 1 through 5

Dollar discount factor is 5%

Inflation rate is 3.4% for a full-service contract and 3.4% for disposables (e.g., contrast media)

Operating and ownership costs are for one CT scanner operating two shifts/day, Monday

through Friday, and one shift Saturday, with 15 scans/shift

Nonionic contrast medium is used for seven scans/shift, at a cost of $125/dose (ionic contrast

medium is less expensive)

Costs for three full-time CT technologists include salary, benefits, payroll expenses, and

continuing education

Capital Costs

64-slice CT system = $1,200,000

Total capital costs = $1,200,000

Operating and Ownership Costs

Service contract, including x-ray tube, years 2 through 5 = $137,836/year

Salary and expenses for three full-time equivalents = $231,000/year

Contrast media = $500,500 /year

Total operating costs = $720,350 for year 1; an average of $823,969/year for years 2 through 5

PV = ($5,216,230)

Other costs not included in the above analysis that should be considered for budgetary planning include those

associated with the following:

Networking or interfacing the CT system to other devices, such as laser imagers or workstations

Optional software packages (e.g., advanced cardiac analysis)

Hardware and software upgrades not covered under the warranty or service contract

Utilities

Disposables and accessories related to certain procedures

Contributions to overhead

As illustrated by the above sample PV/LCC analysis, the initial acquisition cost is only a fraction of the total

cost of operation over five years. Therefore, before making a purchase decision based solely on the acquisition

cost of a CT scanner, buyers should consider operating costs over the lifetime of the equipment.

For further information on PV/LCC analysis, customized analyses, and purchase decision support, readers

should contact ECRI Institute’s SELECTplus™ Group.

Hospitals can purchase service contracts or service on a time-and-materials basis from the supplier. Service

may also be available from a third-party organization. The decision to purchase a service contract should be

carefully considered. Purchasing a service contract ensures that preventive maintenance will be performed at

regular intervals, reducing unexpected maintenance costs. Although the solid-state electronics of modern medical

instrumentation are very reliable, the complexity of CT scanners makes it imperative that effective service

capability be demonstrated by any CT supplier under consideration. Service and spare parts must be available

without significant delay to ensure cost-effective use of the scanner.



ECRI Institute recommends that, to maximize bargaining leverage, hospitals negotiate pricing for service

contracts before the system is purchased. As a guideline, first-year full-service contracts without tubes typically

cost approximately 10% to 12% of the scanner’s purchase price. The cost will increase after the first year so it is

best to negotiate pricing as far ahead as possible (up to 5 years). Contracts with tubes cost more. Additional

service contract discounts may be negotiable for multiple-year agreements or for service contracts that are

bundled with contracts on other equipment in the department or hospital.

With the current replacement-based CT market, hospitals may receive a discount on the list price if replacing a

working system; however, the resale value of a 4- or 16-slice system is significantly less than its original purchase

price. The actual discount received will depend on the hospital’s negotiating skills, the system configuration and

model to be purchased, previous experience with the supplier, and the extent of concessions granted by the

supplier, such as extended warranties, fixed prices for annual service contracts, and guaranteed on-site service

response. Buyers should make sure that applications training is included in the purchase price of the system.

Suppliers offer more extensive on- or off-site training programs for an additional cost.

Standardization of equipment can make staff training easier, simplify servicing and parts acquisition, and

provide greater bargaining leverage when negotiating the purchase of new equipment and/or service contract

costs.

Stage of Development

Although CT is now considered a mature technology (the first scanner for imaging the head was introduced in

1972), multislice technology, introduced in 1998, is a significant development, shortening scanning times,

improving image quality, expanding applications (particularly for CTA), increasing x-ray tube efficiency, and

enabling 3-D image reconstructions.

Since the late 1990s, major CT vendors raced to develop faster and better CT systems. Until now, they have all

followed a similar track: they have all developed 64 slice systems. Now, it seems, the tracks are diverging with

each of the major CT manufacturers introducing new technological developments in their next-generation

systems.

One manufacturer is developing high definition computed tomography (HDCT) making significant changes

to the entire system, including the detector and x-ray tube. The new detector is based on a new garnet scintillator

that has faster scintillation response and improved detection efficiency. The aim is to significantly improve image

quality and reduce the x-ray dose for all CT exams. The new tube technology is designed to switch kVp levels in

0.8 milliseconds. As a result the manufacturer reports that it will be possible to interlace acquisition of dual-

energy images during a single rotation without spatial or temporal misregistration between energies. Therefore,

dual-energy imaging appears to be on the agenda for the HDCT. In addition, the manufacturer is further

developing its shuttle technique, which is used to extend coverage in perfusion (dynamic) studies. Coverage up

to 25 cm has been achieved in testing.

Another manufacturer is developing a new x-ray tube, detector, and reconstruction technology. The new

scanner has FDA 510(k) clearance and is currently undergoing clinical testing. Full commercialization is expected

in 2009. The x-ray tube is designed to withstand higher instantaneous heat, so faster gantry rotation times are

possible (0.27 seconds compared to 0.3 to 0.33 seconds today) during short acquisitions, such as coronary CTA.

The focal spot is completely redesigned, so that the size can be adjusted during an acquisition and with greater

choice of sizes depending on clinical application (most systems today have two fixed choices). These changes will

improve the temporal resolution possible, regardless of patient size. In addition, the x-ray beam shaping and

filtration hardware has been improved, so that the beam characteristics are better matched to individual patients

to eliminate unnecessary exposure. The new detector is tileable, so individual elements can be easily replaced and

the width can be increased by adding more tiles. For the moment, the maximum width of the detector is 8 cm

with a collimation of 128 × 0.625 mm (i.e., z-axis coverage), compared to 4 cm for today’s 64 slice systems. The

specified number of slices acquired, however, is 256 since the manufacturer has adopted a moving focal spot



technique that doubles the number of reconstructed slices. To reduce the scatter, a honeycomb style two-

dimensional (2-D) antiscatter grid has been added to the front of the detector. The manufacturer is also working

on dual energy CT, for the future. Two techniques are in the research stage. One uses a layered detector ensuring

perfect temporal and spatial registration. The top layer will detect low-energy x-rays, while the bottom layer will

detect high-energy x-rays. The other technique uses a photon counter detector, which is able to discriminate the

energy of an incident x-ray in the same way that a gamma camera does today.

Yet another manufacturer has introduced adaptive scanning in two new models. The first is a 40- or 64-slice

system that is easily upgradeable to the second system with 128 slices (4 cm z-axis coverage). In the first, the

detector material is slightly modified, which should improve image quality. The patient aperture is wider (78 cm

compared to the normal 70 cm). The wider aperture is achieved without changing the x-ray tube to detector

distance, so that image quality is not compromised and dose is not increased. Also, a more complex, variable

table speed, shuttle technique is being developed that would allow up to 27 cm to be covered multiple times

during a perfusion exam. Both systems are currently undergoing FDA review and are due for commercial release

in mid-2008.

Another manufacturer’s 320-detector row system was cleared as a full body CT scanner by FDA in October

2007, and full commercial release is planned for mid-2008. In the meantime, the system has been installed at

several clinical sites in the U.S. and globally for testing. It is capable of performing all routine CT studies as a 64-

slice system. The system has a wide coverage of 16 cm to enable whole organ scanning in one rotation (e.g., heart,

brain, liver). Whole organ coverage enables single rotation cardiac studies and whole organ perfusion studies or

dynamic volume coverage. Dynamic volume coverage enables angiography and perfusion studies to be

reconstructed from the same scan data. Therefore, the dose of both radiation and contrast media can be reduced.

For exams requiring more than 16 cm coverage, such as peripheral runoffs (angiography), the manufacturer has

developed a technique to seamlessly stitch the contiguous 16 cm acquisitions together while minimizing the

effects of differences in contrast media concentration implicit in an axial acquisition. The perfusion analysis tools

on the CT workstation have also been extended, so that more clinical information can be derived from the images.

Until clinical experience is gained with the system it will not be known whether the wide coverage CT will make

a significant difference to patient care.

This assortment of technological developments indicates that it is not clear which direction CT will go next.

Until clinical experience is gained with these new systems, it is impossible to predict which one will have the

greatest influence on the use of CT. Much will also depend on the additional cost that these developments will

incur. Healthcare providers have recently invested heavily in CT technology so it is likely that considerable proof

will be needed before further investment is made. The choice for the early adopters will be difficult, since it is not

clear which manufacturer has the most clinically useful technology.

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Supplier Information

GE HEALTHCARE

GE Healthcare Asia (Japan) [300443]

4-7-127 Asahigaoka Hino-shi

Tokyo 191-8503

Japan

Phone: 81 (3) 425826820 Fax: 81 (3) 425826830

Internet: http://www.gehealthcare.com.jp

E-mail: [email protected]

GE Healthcare Europe [171319]

283 rue de la Miniere boite postale 34

Buc Cedex F-78533

France

Phone: 33 (1) 30704040 Fax: 33 (1) 30709855

Internet: http://www.gehealthcare.com

GE Healthcare USA [439946]

3000 N Grandview Blvd

Waukesha, WI 53188

Phone: (262) 544-3011, (800) 643-6439 Fax: (262) 544-3384

Internet: http://www.gehealthcare.com

http://www.gehealthcare.com.jp/

mailto:[email protected]

http://www.gehealthcare.com/

http://www.gehealthcare.com/



HITACHI

Hitachi Medical Corp [138226]

1-2-10 Uchikanda Chiyoda-ku

Tokyo 101

Japan

Phone: 81 (3) 32943851 Fax: 81 (3) 32943860

Internet: http://www.hatachi-medical.co.jp

Hitachi Medical Systems America Inc [107689]

1959 Summit Commerce Park

Twinsburg, OH 44087-2371

Phone: (330) 425-1313, (800) 800-3106 Fax: (330) 425-1410

Internet: http://www.hitachimed.com


Hitachi Medical Systems Europe Holdings AG [415945]

Sumpfgasse 24

Zug CH-6300

Switzerland

Phone: 41 (41) 7486333 Fax: 41 (41) 7486332

Internet: http://www.hitachi-medical-systems.com


Hitachi Medical Systems GmbH [393172]

Kreuzberger Ring 66

Wiesbaden D-65205

Germany

Phone: 49 (611) 973220 Fax: 49 (611) 9732210

Internet: http://www.hitachi-medical-systems.com


NEUROLOGICA

NeuroLogica Corp [451663]

14 Electronics Ave

Danvers, MA 01923

Phone: (978) 564-8500 Fax: (978) 564-0602

Internet: http://www.neuro-logica.com


NEUSOFT

Neusoft Medical Systems Co Ltd [409872]

Neusoft Park Hun Nan High-Tech Industrial Park

Shenyang 110179

People's Republic of China

Phone: 86 (24) 83667009 Fax: 86 (24) 23782797

Internet: http://medical.neusoft.com


PHILIPS

Philips Medical Systems Asia [188101]

30/Fl Hopewell Centre 17 Kennedy Road

Wanchai

People's Republic of China

http://www.hatachi-medical.co.jp/

http://www.hitachimed.com/


http://www.hitachi-medical-systems.com/


http://www.hitachi-medical-systems.com/


http://www.neuro-logica.com/


http://medical.neusoft.com/




Phone: 852 28215888 Fax: 852 25276727

Internet: http://www.medical.philips.com


Philips Medical Systems International bv [415450]

Veenpluis 4-6 Postbus 10000

Best NL-5680 DA

The Netherlands

Phone: 31 (40) 2763051


Philips Medical Systems North America [102120]

22100 Bothell-Everett Hwy PO Box 3003

Bothell, WA 98041-3003

Phone: (425) 487-7000, (800) 722-7900 Fax: (425) 485-6080



Philips Medical Systems UK Ltd [415447]

The Observatory Castlefield Road

Reigate RH2 0FY

England

Phone: 44 (1737) 230503 Fax: 44 (1737) 230501



SHIMADZU

Shimadzu (Asia Pacific) PTE Ltd [172209]

16 Science Park Drive #01-02 The Pasteur Singapore Science Park

Singapore 118227

Republic of Singapore

Phone: 65 7786280 Fax: 65 7792935

Internet: http://www1.shimadzu.com/products/medical/index.html


Shimadzu Corp International Marketing Div Medical [153971]

3 Kanda-Nishikicho 1-chome Chiyoda-ku

Tokyo 101-8448

Japan

Phone: 81 (3) 32195645 Fax: 81 (3) 32195790

Internet: http://www.shimadzu.com/medical


Shimadzu Europe GmbH [161064]

Albert-Hahn-Strasse 6-10

Duisburg D-47269

Germany

Phone: 49 (203) 76870 Fax: 49 (203) 766625

Internet: http://www1.shimadzu.com/products/medical/index/html


Shimadzu Precision Instruments Inc Medical System Div [106973]

20101 S Vermont Ave

Torrance, CA 90502-3130

http://www.medical.philips.com/







http://www1.shimadzu.com/products/medical/index.html


http://www.shimadzu.com/medical


http://www1.shimadzu.com/products/medical/index/html




Phone: (310) 217-8855, (800) 228-1429 Fax: (310) 217-0661

Internet: http://www.shimadzu.com


SIEMENS

Siemens AG Siemens Health Services [401832]

Hartmannstrasse 16

Erlangen D-91052

Germany

Phone: 49 (9131) 840 Fax: 49 (9131) 842379

Internet: http://www.siemensmedical.com


Siemens Canada Ltd [174735]

2185 Derry Rd W

Mississauga ON L5N 7A6

Canada

Phone: (905) 819-8000, (888) 303-3353 Fax: (905) 819-5777

Internet: http://www.siemens.ca


Siemens Medical Instruments Pte Lte (Singapore) [431315]

Block 28 Ayer Rajah Crescent #6-08

Singapore 139959

Republic of Singapore

Phone: 65 63709666 Fax: 65 67738070

Internet: http://www.siemens.com.sg


Siemens Medical Solutions USA Inc Health Service Corp [399199]

51 Valley Stream Pkwy

Malvern, PA 19355

Phone: (610) 219-6300, (888) 826-9702 Fax: (610) 219-3124

Internet: http://www.siemensmedical.com

TOSHIBA

Toshiba America Medical Systems Inc [101894]

2441 Michelle Dr

Tustin, CA 92780

Phone: (714) 730-5000, (800) 621-1968 Fax: (714) 734-0362

Internet: http://www.medical.toshiba.com


Toshiba Corp Medical Systems Co Ltd [140664]

1385 Shimoishigami

Otawara-shi 324-8550

Japan

Phone: 81 (287) 266301 Fax: 81 (287) 266050

Internet: http://www.toshiba-medical.co.jp


Toshiba Medical (Australia) Pty Ltd [373230]

5 Byfield Street

North Ryde 2113

http://www.shimadzu.com/


http://www.siemensmedical.com/


http://www.siemens.ca/


http://www.siemens.com.sg/


http://www.siemensmedical.com/

http://www.medical.toshiba.com/


http://www.toshiba-medical.co.jp/




Australia

Phone: 61 (2) 98876000 Fax: 61 (2) 98874866

Internet: http://www.medical.toshiba.com.au


Toshiba Medical Systems Europe bv [160817]

Zilverstraat 1

Zoetermeer NL-2718 RP

The Netherlands

Phone: 31 (79) 3689222 Fax: 31 (79) 3689444

Internet: http://www.toshiba-europe.com/medical


Note: The data in the charts derive from suppliers’ specifications and have not been verified through

independent testing by ECRI Institute or any other agency. Because test methods vary, different products’

specifications are not always comparable. Moreover, products and specifications are subject to frequent changes.

ECRI Institute is not responsible for the quality or validity of the information presented or for any adverse

consequences of acting on such information.

When reading the charts, keep in mind that, unless otherwise noted, the list price does not reflect supplier

discounts. And although we try to indicate which features and characteristics are standard and which are not,

some may be optional, at additional cost.

For those models whose prices were supplied to us in currencies other than U.S. dollars, we have also listed the

conversion to U.S. dollars to facilitate comparison among models. However, keep in mind that exchange rates change

often.

Need to know more?

For further information about the contents of this Product Comparison, contact the HPCS Hotline at +1 (610)

825-6000, ext. 5265; +1 (610) 834-1275 (fax); or [email protected] (e-mail).

Last updated March 2008

http://www.medical.toshiba.com.au/


http://www.toshiba-europe.com/medical




Policy Statement

The Healthcare Product Comparison System (HPCS) is published by ECRI Institute, a nonprofit organization.

HPCS provides comprehensive information to help healthcare professionals select and purchase diagnostic and

therapeutic capital equipment more effectively in support of improved patient care.

The information in Product Comparisons comes from a number of sources: medical and biomedical

engineering literature, correspondence and discussion with manufacturers and distributors, specifications from

product literature, and ECRI Institute’s Problem Reporting System. While these data are reviewed by qualified

health professionals, they have not been tested by ECRI Institute’s clinical and engineering personnel and are

largely unconfirmed. The Healthcare Product Comparison System and ECRI Institute are not responsible for the

quality or validity of information derived from outside sources or for any adverse consequences of acting on such

information.

The appearance or listing of any item, or the use of a photograph thereof, in the Healthcare Product Comparison

System does not constitute the endorsement or approval of the product’s quality, performance, or value, or of

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Many of the words or model descriptions appearing in the Healthcare Product Comparison System are

proprietary names (e.g., trademarks), even though no reference to this fact may be made. The appearance of any

name without designation as proprietary should not be regarded as a representation that is not the subject of

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Product Comparison System accepts no advertising and has no obligations to any commercial interests. ECRI

Institute and its employees accept no royalties, gifts, finder’s fees, or commissions from the medical device

industry, nor do they own stock in medical device companies. Employees engage in no private consulting work

for the medical device industry.

About ECRI Institute

ECRI Institute, a nonprofit organization, dedicates itself to bringing the discipline of applied scientific research

in healthcare to uncover the best approaches to improving patient care. As pioneers in this science for nearly 40

years, ECRI Institute marries experience and independence with the objectivity of evidence-based research.

More than 5,000 healthcare organizations worldwide rely on ECRI Institute’s expertise in patient safety

improvement, risk and quality management, healthcare processes, devices, procedures, and drug technology.

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Health Organization and an Evidence-based Practice Center by the U.S. Agency for Healthcare Research and

Quality. For more information, visit http://www.ecri.org.

http://www.ecri.org/



Product Comparison Chart




MODEL ECRI INSTITUTE'S RECOMMENDED SPECIFICATIONS1

ECRI INSTITUTE'S RECOMMENDED SPECIFICATIONS1


GE HEALTHCARE

High-Range/Cardiac CT Scanners

Midrange/Routine Clinical/Oncology (Wide Bore) CT Scanners

Low-Range CT Scanners BrightSpeed Elite

WHERE MARKETED Worldwide

FDA CLEARANCE Yes

CE MARK (MDD) Yes

TYPE Multislice Multislice Multislice Multislice Number of slices acquired simultaneously

64 16 4 16

DETECTOR Total detector width, z-axis, mm

40 20 20 20

Reconstructed slice width options, mm

0.4-10 0.5-10 0.5-10 0.625, 1.25, 2.5, 3.75, 5, 7.5, 10

Optional minimum slice width, mm

0.3 0.4 0.4 Not specified

Standard rotation times, sec, 360°

0.4-2 0.5-2 0.5-2 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, 0.9, 1, 2, 3, 4 (VariSpeed provides 0.1 sec increments from 0.5 to 1 sec)

Optional minimum rotation time, sec

Not specified

PERFORMANCE High-contrast spatial resolution

0.35 mm

MTF kernel (i.e., bone, body)

Bone Bone Bone Not specified

0% MTF, lp/cm 20 20 20 15.4 10% MTF, lp/cm 15 15 15 Not specified 50% MTF, lp/cm 10 10 10 8.5

Slice sensitivity profile FWHM of SSP at 0.5 mm


FWHM of SSP at 1 mm 1 1 1 Not specified FWHM of SSP at 2 mm 2 2 2 Not specified

Low-contrast resolution, mm at % at ≤20 mGy (2 rads)

3 mm at 0.3% at 2 rads 3 mm at 0.3% at 2 rads 3 mm at 0.3% at 2 rads 5 mm at 0.3% at 1.8 mGy; 8" Catphan

Noise, % at ≤25 mGy (2.5 rads)

0.3% at 25 mGy (2.5 rads) 0.3% at 25 mGy (2.5 rads) 0.3% at 25 mGy (2.5 rads) 0.32% at 2.85 rads

Noise kernel (i.e., body) Not specified

This is the first of six pages covering the above model(s). These specifications continue onto the next five pages.







GE HEALTHCARE




ADVANCED IMAGE ACQUISITION

Cardiac Temporal resolution, msec

Nonsegmented reconstruction

150 ms Not specified

Bisegmented reconstruction

50 ms Not specified

Multisegmented reconstruction

50 ms Not specified

Automatic optimum phase determination

Yes Not specified

Low-dose axial cardiac Yes Not specified Perfusion imaging Not specified CINE is standard Extended coverage perfusion

Yes Not specified

Coverage, cm 8 2 Dual-energy acquisition No Not specified

GANTRY Gantry tilt, ° ±30 ±30 ±30 ±30 Gantry dimensions, H x W x D, cm

188.2 x 222.3 x 100.6

Gantry weight, kg <2,000 <2,000 <2,000 1,269 Gantry aperture, cm 70 70; 80 (wide bore) 70 70 Scan localizer Laser Laser Laser Laser

X-RAY TUBE Heat storage, MHU 7 5 2 6.3 Heat dissipation rate, kHU/min

1,000 700 500 840

Tube cooling Oil or water Oil or water Oil or water Oil/air Tube focal spots, mm 0.7 x 1 0.7 x 1 0.7 x 1 0.7 x 0.6, 0.9 x 0.7 Expected tube life, scan sec (& calendar)

250,000 250,000 250,000 See tube warranty

Maximum mA 500 500 500 440 Maximum scan time at maximum mA, sec

10 10 10 20

X-RAY GENERATOR kW output 80 60 20 53.2 kVp range 80-140 80-140 80-140 80, 100, 120, 140 mA range 20-500 20-500 20-250 10-440

PATIENT TABLE Range of movement

Vertical, cm 40-100 40-100 40-100 51.6-99 Longitudinal, cm 150 150 150 100

Scannable range, cm 150 150 150 170 Maximum load capacity without restrictions, kg (accuracy, mm)

200 (not specified) 200 (not specified) 200 (not specified) 180 (±0.25), 205 (±1)

Optional maximum load capacity, with restrictions, kg

Not specified

This is the second of six pages covering the above model(s). These specifications continue onto the next four pages.







GE HEALTHCARE




RADIATION DOSE Dose-modulation technique

Yes Yes Yes Volara DAS, OptiDose, Color Coding for Kids, 3-D dose modulation, ECG dose modulation, beam tracking, short gantry geometry

Pediatric-specific dose control

Yes Yes Yes Color Coding for Kids

Prospective ECG gating Yes Yes Yes NA Retrospective ECG editing

Yes Yes Yes NA

Axial cardiac Low-dose cardiac (axial acquisition)

Yes No No NA

Maximum heart rate 65 NA NA NA Arrhythmia correction Yes NA NA NA

CLINICAL APPLICATIONS AND FUNCTIONALITY

Coronary artery calcification scoring

Yes Optional Optional Optional, SmartScore 4.0

Auto vessel mapping Optional Quantification Yes Yes Yes Optional, CardIQ Xpress 2.0 Ventricular output Optional, CardIQ Function

Xpress Myocardial evaluation Optional, CardIQ Function

Xpress Lung nodule assisted reading

Optional Yes Yes Optional

Lung nodule CAD Not specified Lung function analysis NA Respiratory gating Yes Optional Optional Optional Virtual colonoscopy assisted reading

Optional Yes Yes Optional

Virtual colonoscopy CAD Not specified Vessel analysis (noncardiac)

Optional, Vessel IQ Xpress

Brain perfusion Optional Perfusion 4 Z-axis coverage for brain perfusion

20 mm

This is the third of six pages covering the above model(s). These specifications continue onto the next three pages.







GE HEALTHCARE




Auto bone removal Optional Body perfusion Optional Perfusion 4

multiorgans Highest achievable temporal resolution

<0.1 Not specified

Other Cardiac, perfusion, lung analysis, CT colonography, DentaScan, CT angiography

IMAGE RECONSTRUCTION

Computer CPU Open architecture/Linux Scan FOVs, cm 50 50 50 25, 50 Reconstruction matrices 512 x 512 512 x 512 512 x 512 512 x 512 Maximum reconstruction rate, (512 x 512), ips

20 10 4 Not specified

Per slice, sec 0.2 0.5 0.5 Up to 16 frames/sec Real-time partial image reconstruction

Yes Yes Yes Not specified

No. of online images 75,000 (512 x 512) 40,000 (512 x 512) 40,000 (512 x 512) 250,000 (512 x 512) Archival storage MOD, CD, DVD MOD, CD, DVD MOD, CD, DVD 2.3 GB MOD, DICOM 3.0 Image sharing DVD, USB DVD,USB DVD,USB Not specified

SYSTEM INTEGRATION DICOM Yes Yes Yes As defined in DICOM

Conformance Statement CT image storage SCU/SCP

Yes Yes Yes Yes

Enhanced CT storage SCU/SCP

Yes Yes Yes No

ECG waveform SCP/SCU

Yes No No No

Modality worklist SCU Yes Yes Yes Yes Query/retrieve SCU and SCP

Yes Yes Yes Yes

Storage commitment SCU

Yes Yes Yes Yes

Modality performed procedure step SCU

Yes Yes Yes Yes

IHE profiles supported SW, PIR, CPOI, PGI, KIN, BS, EDM, PDfI, CT

SW, PIR, CPOI, PGI, KIN, BS, EDM, PDfI, CT

SW, PIR, CPOI, PGI, KIN, BS, EDM, PDfI, CT

Yes

This is the fourth of six pages covering the above model(s). These specifications continue onto the next two pages.







GE HEALTHCARE




IMAGE PROCESSING Standard or optional Standard Standard Standard Optional Recommended postprocessing workstation

AW

Remote access to raw image data

Yes Yes Yes No

Remote access to clinical applications

Yes Yes Yes Optional

DICOM 3-D image export Yes Yes

RECOMMENDED ROOM SIZE, m²

25 25 25 28 minimum

Minimum width and length, m x m

Not specified

POWER REQUIREMENTS 3-phase 3-phase 3-phase 460/480 VAC nominal, 50/60 Hz, 3-phase delta or wye

SHIELDING REQUIREMENTS

Not specified

PLANNING & PURCHASE List price, std configuration

From $1,020,000

System warranty 1 year 1 year 1 year 1 year, parts/labor X-ray tube warranty, prorated

250,000 scan sec or 1 year (whichever is longest) not prorated



1 year

Delivery time, ARO Typically 4 weeks, negotiable

Training with purchase Yes Yes Yes 4-day class Remote diagnostics Yes Yes Yes Yes Cooling requirements (including tube)

No

Plumbing required for cooling

No Not specified

Year first sold 2005 Number of installations 750 Fiscal year January to December

This is the fifth of six pages covering the above model(s). These specifications continue onto the next page.







GE HEALTHCARE




OTHER SPECIFICATIONS SmartmA-3-D dose modulation, in-room start, remote tilt, rear gantry control, breathing lights with timer, MPR, AutoScan, AutoFilm, AutoVoice, AutoTransfer, AutoArchive, SmartPrep, ProtocolPro, ProView, ConnectPro, View/Edit Wizard, ImageWorks; optional: CardIQ, colonography, advanced lung analysis, SmartScore, CardEP, CardIQ function, advanced vessel analysis, perfusion.

UMDNS CODE(S) 15955, 15956, 16899, 18443, 20161

15955, 15956, 16899, 18443, 20161

15955, 15956, 16899, 18443, 20161

15955, 15956, 16899, 18443, 20161

LAST UPDATED March 2008

Supplier Footnotes 1These recommendations are the opinions of ECRI Institute's technology experts. ECRI Institute assumes no liability for decisions made based on this data.

1These recommendations are the opinions of ECRI Institute's technology experts. ECRI Institute assumes no liability for decisions made based on this data.

1These recommendations are the opinions of ECRI Institute's technology experts. ECRI Institute assumes no liability for decisions made based on this data.

Model Footnotes

Data Footnotes




MODEL GE HEALTHCARE GE HEALTHCARE GE HEALTHCARE GE HEALTHCARE BrightSpeed Elite Select BrightSpeed Excel LightSpeed RT 16 LightSpeed RT 4

WHERE MARKETED Worldwide Worldwide Worldwide Worldwide

FDA CLEARANCE Yes Yes Yes Yes

CE MARK (MDD) Yes Yes Yes Yes


16 4 16 4


20 20 20 20


0.625, 1.25, 2.5, 3.75, 5, 7.5, 10

0.625, 1.25, 2.5, 3.75, 5, 7.5, 10

0.625,1.25, 2.5, 3.75, 5, 10 0.625, 1.25, 2.5, 3.75, 5, 7.5, 10


Not specified Not specified Not specified Not specified


0.8, 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, 0.9, 1, 2, 3, 4

1, 2, 3, 4 1, 2, 3, 4




0.35 mm 0.35 mm Not specified Not specified



0% MTF, lp/cm 15.4 15.4 15.4 15.4 10% MTF, lp/cm Not specified Not specified Not specified Not specified 50% MTF, lp/cm 8.5 8.5 8.5 8.5



FWHM of SSP at 1 mm Not specified Not specified Not specified Not specified FWHM of SSP at 2 mm Not specified Not specified Not specified Not specified


3 mm at 0.3% at 37.2 mGy 5 mm at 0.3% at 1.8 rads; 8" Catphan

5 mm at 0.3% at 1.33 rads, 3 mm at 0.3% at 3.72 rads

5 mm at 0.3% at 1.33 rads, 3 mm at 0.3% at 3.72 rads


0.32% at 2.93 rads 0.33% at 2.85 rads 0.32% ±0.03 at 2.85 rads 0.32% ±0.03 at 2.85 rads

Noise kernel (i.e., body) Not specified Not specified Not specified Not specified









Not specified Not specified NA NA







Low-dose axial cardiac Not specified Not specified NA NA Perfusion imaging CINE is standard CINE is standard Standard Standard Extended coverage perfusion

Not specified Not specified Standard Standard

Coverage, cm 2 2 NA NA Dual-energy acquisition Not specified Not specified NA NA


189 x 223 x 101 188.7 x 223 x 100.6 188.2 x 222.5 x 100.6 188.2 x 222.5 x 100.6

Gantry weight, kg 1,700 1,269 1,269 1,269 Gantry aperture, cm 70 70 80 80 Scan localizer Laser Laser Laser Laser

X-RAY TUBE Heat storage, MHU 3.5 6.3 6.3 6.3 Heat dissipation rate, kHU/min

820 840 840 840

Tube cooling Oil/air Oil/air Oil/air Oil/air Tube focal spots, mm 0.7 x 0.6, 0.9 x 0.7 0.7 x 0.6, 0.9 x 0.7 0.7 x 0.6, 0.9 x 0.7 0.7 x 0.6, 0.9 x 0.7 Expected tube life, scan sec (& calendar)

See tube warranty See tube warranty See tube warranty See tube warranty


20 20 5 60

X-RAY GENERATOR kW output 42 53.2 53.2 53.2 kVp range 80, 100, 120, 140 80, 100, 120, 140 80, 100, 120, 140 80, 100, 120, 140 mA range 10-350 10-440 10-440 10-440


Vertical, cm 44-99 51.6-99 51.6-99 51.6-99 Longitudinal, cm 100 100 170, optional 200 170

Scannable range, cm 140 170 170, optional 200 170 Maximum load capacity without restrictions, kg (accuracy, mm)

205 (±1) 180 (±0.25), 205 (±1) 227 (±2) 180 (±0.25), 205 (±1)









Volara DAS, OptiDose, Color Coding for Kids, 3-D dose modulation, ECG dose modulation, beam tracking, short gantry geometry


Smart Addition, Auto mA Smart Addition, Auto mA


Color Coding for Kids Color Coding for Kids Color Coding for Kids Color Coding for Kids

Prospective ECG gating NA NA NA NA Retrospective ECG editing

NA NA NA NA


NA NA NA NA

Maximum heart rate NA NA NA NA Arrhythmia correction NA NA NA NA



NA Optional, SmartScore 4.0 NA NA

Auto vessel mapping NA NA NA NA Quantification NA NA NA NA Ventricular output NA NA NA NA Myocardial evaluation NA NA NA NA Lung nodule assisted reading

Optional Optional No No

Lung nodule CAD Not specified Not specified Not specified Not specified Lung function analysis NA NA NA NA Respiratory gating Optional Optional Optional Optional Virtual colonoscopy assisted reading

Optional Optional No No

Virtual colonoscopy CAD Not specified Not specified Not specified Not specified Vessel analysis (noncardiac)

Optional, Vessel IQ Xpress Optional, Vessel IQ Xpress Optional, Vessel IQ Xpress Optional, Vessel IQ Xpress

Brain perfusion Optional Perfusion 4 Optional Perfusion 4 Optional Perfusion 4 Optional Perfusion 4 Z-axis coverage for brain perfusion

20 mm 20 mm 20 mm 20 mm






Auto bone removal Optional Optional Not specified Not specified Body perfusion Optional Perfusion 4

multiorgans Optional Perfusion 4 multiorgans

Optional Perfusion 4 multiorgans


Highest achievable temporal resolution


Other Perfusion, lung analysis, CT colonography, DentaScan, CT angiography

Perfusion, lung analysis, CT colonography, DentaScan, CT angiography

AdvantageSim, Advantage fusion, Advantage 4-D

AdvantageSim, Advantage fusion, Advantage 4-D


Computer CPU Open architecture/Linux Open architecture/Linux Open architecture/Linux Open architecture/Linux Scan FOVs, cm 25, 50 25, 50 25, 50 25, 50 Reconstruction matrices 512 x 512 512 x 512 512 x 512 512 x 512 Maximum reconstruction rate, (512 x 512), ips


Per slice, sec Up to 3 frames/sec Up to 16 frames/sec Up to 16 frames/sec Up to 6 frames/sec Real-time partial image reconstruction


No. of online images 250,000 (512 x 512) 250,000 (512 x 512) 250,000 (512 x 512) 250,000 (512 x 512) Archival storage 2.3 GB MOD, DICOM 3.0 2.3 GB MOD, DICOM 3.0 2.3 GB MOD, DICOM 3.0 2.3 GB MOD, DICOM 3.0 Image sharing Not specified Not specified Not specified Not specified

SYSTEM INTEGRATION DICOM As defined in DICOM

Conformance Statement As defined in DICOM Conformance Statement

As defined in DICOM Conformance Statement


CT image storage SCU/SCP

Yes Yes Not specified Not specified


No No No No


No No No No


Yes Yes Yes Yes


Yes Yes Yes Yes


Yes Yes Yes Yes

IHE profiles supported Yes Yes Yes Yes






IMAGE PROCESSING Standard or optional Optional Optional Optional Optional Recommended postprocessing workstation

AW AW AW AW


No No No No


Optional Optional Optional Optional

DICOM 3-D image export Yes Yes Yes Yes


20 minimum 28 minimum 28 minimum, optional 45 28 minimum, optional 45



POWER REQUIREMENTS 380-480 V nominal, 3-phase delta or wye

460/480 VAC nominal, 50/60 Hz, 3-phase delta or wye

380-480 V nominal, 3-phase delta or wye

380-480 V nominal, 3-phase delta or wye




From $831,000 From $520,000 From $1,210,000 From $976,200

System warranty 1 year, parts/labor 1 year, parts/labor 1 year, parts/labor 1 year, parts/labor X-ray tube warranty, prorated

1 year prorated 1 year 1 year prorated 1 year prorated


Typically 4 weeks, negotiable



Training with purchase 4-day class 4-day class 4-day class 4-day class Remote diagnostics Yes Yes Yes Yes Cooling requirements (including tube)

No No No No



Year first sold 2007 2005 2006 2004 Number of installations 224 200 Not specified Not specified Fiscal year January to December January to December January to December January to December






OTHER SPECIFICATIONS SmartmA-3-D dose modulation, in-room start, remote tilt, rear gantry control, breathing lights with timer, MPR, AutoScan, AutoFilm, AutoVoice, AutoTransfer, AutoArchive, SmartPrep, ProtocolPro, ProView, ConnectPro, View/Edit Wizard, ImageWorks; optional: colonography, advanced lung analysis, SmartScore, advanced vessel analysis, perfusion.

SmartmA-3-D dose modulation, in-room start, remote tilt, rear gantry control, breathing lights with timer, MPR, AutoScan, AutoFilm, AutoVoice, AutoTransfer, AutoArchive, SmartPrep, ProtocolPro, ProView, ConnectPro, View/Edit Wizard, ImageWorks; optional: colonography, advanced lung analysis, SmartScore, advanced vessel analysis, perfusion.

Advantage 4-D, Advantage Fusion applications, AdvantageSim 6.0, AutoScan, AutoArchive, AutoFilm, AutoVoice, AutoTransfer, SmartPrep, ProtocolPro, View/Edit Wizard, DynaPlan Plus, ImageWorks, ProView, PNR, ConnectPro, SmartScore, advanced vessel analysis, perfusion, remote tilt, in-room start, rear gantry control, advanced lung analysis, breathing lights, SmartmA, colonography.

Advantage 4-D, Advantage Fusion applications, AdvantageSim 6.0, AutoScan, AutoArchive, AutoFilm, AutoVoice, AutoTransfer, SmartPrep, ProtocolPro, View/Edit Wizard, DynaPlan Plus, ImageWorks, ProView, PNR, ConnectPro, SmartScore, advanced vessel analysis, perfusion, remote tilt, in-room start, rear gantry control, advanced lung analysis, breathing lights, SmartmA, colonography.

UMDNS CODE(S) 15955, 15956, 16899, 18443, 20161

15955, 15956, 16899, 18443, 20161

15955, 15956, 16899, 18443, 20161

15955, 15956, 16899, 18443, 20161

LAST UPDATED March 2008 March 2008 March 2008 March 2008

Supplier Footnotes

Model Footnotes

Data Footnotes




MODEL GE HEALTHCARE GE HEALTHCARE GE HEALTHCARE GE HEALTHCARE LightSpeed VCT LightSpeed VCT (standard

configuration) LightSpeed VCT Select LightSpeed VCT XT





64 64 32 64


40 40 40 40


0.625, 1.25, 2.5, 3.75, 5, 7.5, 10

0.625, 1.25, 2.5, 3.75, 5, 7.5, 10

0.625, 1.25, 2.5, 3.75, 5, 7.5, 10

0.625, 1.25, 2.5, 3.75, 5, 7.5, 10




0.35, 0.37, 0.4, 0.42, 0.45, 0.47, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, 0.9, 1, 2, 3, 4

0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, 0.9, 1, 2, 3, 4

0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, 0.9, 1, 2, 3, 4

0.35, 0.37, 0.4, 0.42, 0.45, 0.47, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, 0.9, 1, 2, 3, 4


Not specified 0.35, 0.37, 0.42, 0.45, 0.47 0.35, 0.37, 0.42, 0.45, 0.47 Not specified


0.35 mm 0.35 mm 0.35 mm 0.35 mm



0% MTF, lp/cm 15.4, 19.6-Z 15.4, 19.6-Z 15.4, 19.6-Z 15.4, 19.6-Z 10% MTF, lp/cm Not specified Not specified Not specified Not specified 50% MTF, lp/cm 10.2, 19.6-Z 10.2, 19.6-Z 10.2, 19.6-Z 10.2, 19.6-Z





5 mm at 0.3% at 1.3 mGy; 8" CATPHAN

5 mm at 0.3% at 7.5 mGy; 8" Catphan




0.32% at 2.85 rads 0.32% at 2.85 rads 0.32% at 2.85 rads 0.32% at 2.85 rads


















Low-dose axial cardiac Not specified Not specified Not specified Yes, SnapShot Pulse Perfusion imaging Not specified Not specified Not specified Not specified Extended coverage perfusion


Coverage, cm Not specified Not specified Not specified Not specified Dual-energy acquisition Not specified Not specified Not specified Not specified


188.2 x 222.5 x 100.6 188.2 x 222.5 x 100.6 188.2 x 222.5 x 100.6 188.2 x 222.5 x 100.6


X-RAY TUBE Heat storage, MHU 8 8 8 8 Heat dissipation rate, kHU/min

1,782 1,782 1,782 1,782

Tube cooling Oil/air Oil/air Oil/air Oil/air Tube focal spots, mm 0.7 x 0.6, 0.9 x 0.9 0.7 x 0.6, 0.9 x 0.9 0.7 x 0.6, 0.9 x 0.9 0.7 x 0.6, 0.9 x 0.9 Expected tube life, scan sec (& calendar)

See tube warranty See tube warranty See tube warranty See tube warranty

Maximum mA 800 700 or 800 800 800 Maximum scan time at maximum mA, sec

5 5 5 5

X-RAY GENERATOR kW output 100 85 or 100 100 100 kVp range 80, 100, 120, 140 80, 100, 120, 140 80, 100, 120, 140 80, 100, 120, 140 mA range 10-800 10-700 or 800 10-800 10-800


Vertical, cm 43-99.1 43-99.1 43-99.1 43-99.1 Longitudinal, cm 170, optional 200 170, optional 200 170, optional 200 170, optional 200

Scannable range, cm 170, optional 200 170, optional 200 170, optional 200 170, optional 200 Maximum load capacity without restrictions, kg (accuracy, mm)

227 (±0.25) 227 (±0.25) 227 (±0.25) 227 (±0.25)










Volara DAS, OptiDose, 3-D dose modulation, ECG dose modulation, beam tracking, short gantry geometry

Volara DAS, 3-D dose modulation, ECG dose modulation, Color Coding for Kids, beam tracking, dose efficient short gantry geometry

Volara DAS, 3-D dose modulation, ECG dose modulation, Color Coding for Kids, beam tracking, dose-efficient short gantry geometry

Volara XT DAS, SnapShot Pulse, OptiDose, Color Coding for Kids, 3-D dose modulation, ECG dose modulation, beam tracking, short gantry geometry


Color Coding for Kids Color Coding for Kids Color Coding for Kids Color Coding for Kids

Prospective ECG gating Optional Optional Optional Yes, SnapShot Pulse Retrospective ECG editing

Optional Optional Optional Yes, SnapShot Segment


Optional Optional Optional Yes, SnapShot Pulse

Maximum heart rate Not specified Not specified Optional 65 bpm Arrhythmia correction Optional Optional Optional R-Peak Editor



Optional Optional, SmartScore 4.0 Optional, SmartScore 4.0 Optional, SmartScore 4.0

Auto vessel mapping Not specified Optional Optional Optional Quantification Yes Optional, CardIQ Xpress 2.0 Optional, CardIQ Xpress 2.0 Optional, CardIQ Xpress 2.0 Ventricular output Not specified Optional, CardIQ Function

Xpress Optional, CardIQ Function Xpress

Optional, CardIQ Function Xpress

Myocardial evaluation Not specified Optional, CardIQ Function Xpress



Lung nodule assisted reading

Optional, Lung VCAR Optional, Lung VCAR Optional, Lung VCAR Optional, Lung VCAR

Lung nodule CAD Not specified Not specified Not specified Not specified Lung function analysis NA NA NA NA Respiratory gating Optional Optional Optional Optional Virtual colonoscopy assisted reading



Optional, Vessel IQ Xpress Optional, Vessel IQ Xpress Optional, Vessel IQ Xpress Optional, Vessel IQ Xpress

Brain perfusion Optional Perfusion 4 Optional Perfusion 4 Optional Perfusion 4 Optional Perfusion 4 Z-axis coverage for brain perfusion

Optional, 80 mm VolumeShuttle

Optional, 80 mm VolumeShuttle

40 mm Optional, 80 mm VolumeShuttle







Auto bone removal Optional Optional Optional Optional Body perfusion Optional Perfusion 4

multiorgans Optional Perfusion 4 multiorgans




Not specified 87.5 or 100 msec 87.5 msec 87.5 msec

Other Cardiac, perfusion, lung analysis, CT colonography, DentaScan, CT angiography

Cardiac, perfusion, lung analysis, CT colonography, DentaScan, CT angiography




Computer CPU Open architecture/Linux Open architecture/Linux Open architecture/Linux Open architecture/Linux Scan FOVs, cm 25, 50 25, 50 25, 50 25, 50 Reconstruction matrices 512 x 512 512 x 512 512 x 512 512 x 512 Maximum reconstruction rate, (512 x 512), ips


Per slice, sec Up to 16 frames/sec Up to 16 frames/sec Up to 16 frames/sec Up to 16 frames/sec Real-time partial image reconstruction


No. of online images 250,000 (512 x 512) 250,000 (512 x 512) 250,000 (512 x 512) 250,000 (512 x 512) Archival storage 2.3 GB MOD, DICOM 3.0 2.3 GB MOD, DICOM 3.0 2.3 GB MOD, DICOM 3.0 2.3 GB MOD, DICOM 3.0 Image sharing Not specified CD/DVD or FTP CD/DVD or FTP CD/DVD or FTP


Conformance Statement As defined in DICOM Conformance Statement




Yes Yes Yes Yes


No No No No


No No No No


Yes Yes Yes Yes


Yes Yes Yes Yes


Yes Yes Yes Yes








IMAGE PROCESSING Standard or optional Optional Optional Optional Optional Recommended postprocessing workstation

AW AW AW AW


No No No No





45.5 minimum 40.2 40.2 40.2



POWER REQUIREMENTS 460/480 VAC nominal, 50/60 Hz, 3-phase delta or wye







$2,053,400 From $1,850,000 From $1,600,000 From $2,200,000

System warranty 1 year, parts/labor 1 year, parts/labor 1 year, parts/labor 1 year, parts/labor X-ray tube warranty, prorated

1 year prorated 1 year prorated 1 year prorated 1 year prorated





Training with purchase Realize program Negotiable Negotiable Negotiable Remote diagnostics Yes Yes Yes Yes Cooling requirements (including tube)

No No No No



Year first sold 2004 2006 2005 2007 Number of installations Not specified Not specified Not specified Not specified Fiscal year January to December January to December January to December January to December







OTHER SPECIFICATIONS AutoScan, AutoArchive, AutoFilm, AutoVoice, AutoTransfer, SmartPrep, ProtocolPro, View/Edit Wizard, DynaPlan Plus, ImageWorks, ProView, remote tilt, in-room start, rear gantry control, breathing lights, SmartmA-3-D dose modulation, ECG dose modulation with optional cardiac; optional: SmartScore, colonography, advanced lung analysis, CardIQ, Card EP, CardIQ function, advanced vessel analysis, perfusion.

AutoScan, AutoArchive, AutoFilm, AutoVoice, AutoTransfer, SmartPrep, ProtocolPro, View/Edit Wizard, DynaPlan Plus, ImageWorks, ProView, remote tilt, in-room start, rear gantry control, breathing lights, SmartmA-3-D dose modulation, ECG dose modulation with optional cardiac; optional: SmartScore, colonography, advanced lung analysis, CardIQ, Card EP, CardIQ function, advanced vessel analysis, perfusion.



UMDNS CODE(S) 15955, 15956, 16899, 18443, 20161

15955, 15956, 16899, 18443, 20161

15955, 15956, 16899, 18443, 20161

15955, 15956, 16899, 18443, 20161


Supplier Footnotes

Model Footnotes

Data Footnotes




MODEL GE HEALTHCARE HITACHI NEUROLOGICA NEUSOFT LightSpeed Xtra ECLOS16 CERETOM NL3000 Chorus 16

WHERE MARKETED Worldwide Asia, Europe, North America

Worldwide Worldwide

FDA CLEARANCE Yes Yes Yes Pending

CE MARK (MDD) Yes Yes Yes Pending

TYPE Multislice Multislice Rotate-rotate/multislice Multislice helical Number of slices acquired simultaneously

16 16 8 16


20 20 10, solid-state Not specified


0.625, 1.25, 2.5, 3.75, 5, 7.5, 10

0.625, 1.25, 2.5, 3.75, 5, 10 1.25, 2.5, 5, 10 16 x (0.5, 0.8, 1, 2.5, 5, 7, 10)


Not specified Not specified 1.25 Not specified


0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, 0.9, 1, 2, 3, 4

0.8, 1, 1.5, 2, 3 1, 2, 4, 6 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3


Not specified Not specified 1 0.33


Not specified 0.35 Yes 17


Not specified Not specified Bone Not specified

0% MTF, lp/cm 15.4 17.13 16 17 10% MTF, lp/cm Not specified 14.7 14.3 Not specified 50% MTF, lp/cm 8.5 12.2 10.5 Not specified


Not specified Not specified NA Not specified

FWHM of SSP at 1 mm Not specified Not specified 1.22 Not specified FWHM of SSP at 2 mm Not specified Not specified NA Not specified



2.5 mm at 0.25% 3 mm at 0.3% at 2 rads 3 mm at 0.5%


0.32% at 2.85 rads 14.13 HU 0.3% at 25 mGy (2.5 rads) ≤0.35%

Noise kernel (i.e., body) Not specified Not specified Smooth Not specified









NA NA NA Not specified







Low-dose axial cardiac NA NA NA Not specified Perfusion imaging Standard NA Yes Not specified Extended coverage perfusion

Standard NA NA Not specified

Coverage, cm NA NA 10 Not specified Dual-energy acquisition NA NA NA Not specified

GANTRY Gantry tilt, ° ±30 ±25 0 ±30 Gantry dimensions, H x W x D, cm

189 x 223 x 101 184 x 199 x 88 153 x 133 x 72 190 x 220 x 85

Gantry weight, kg 1,269 1,320 400 1,700 Gantry aperture, cm 80 70 32 70 Scan localizer Laser Laser Laser Laser

X-RAY TUBE Heat storage, MHU 8 5 0.3 Not specified Heat dissipation rate, kHU/min

1,782 750 30 Not specified

Tube cooling Oil/air Oil to air Air Not specified Tube focal spots, mm 0.7 x 0.6, 0.9 x 0.7 0.7 x 0.8, 1.2 x 1.4 1 x 1 Not specified Expected tube life, scan sec (& calendar)

See tube warranty More than 120,000 rotations (>1 year)

>5 years Not specified


5 10 at 350, 30 at 300, 55 at 250, 100 at 200

150 120

X-RAY GENERATOR kW output 100 42 1.2 50 kVp range 80, 100, 120, 140 100-130 80, 100, 120, 140 90-140 mA range 10-800 25-350 1-8 30-420


Vertical, cm 43-99.1 42-100 NA; bedside imaging, no patient table, patients remain in their own bed

43-98

Longitudinal, cm 170, optional 200 186 NA 160 Scannable range, cm 170, optional 200 175 NA 145 Maximum load capacity without restrictions, kg (accuracy, mm)

227 (±0.25) 225 No transport of patient required

200 (not specified)


Not specified Not specified NA Not specified








Adaptive mA Pediatric protocols, ultra-short geometry, optimized filtration, noise suppression algorithm

Yes


Color Coding for Kids Pediatric protocols Yes Yes

Prospective ECG gating NA NA NA Yes Retrospective ECG editing

NA NA NA Yes

Axial cardiac Yes Low-dose cardiac (axial acquisition)

NA NA NA Yes

Maximum heart rate NA NA NA Yes Arrhythmia correction NA NA NA Yes



Optional, SmartScore 4.0 NA NA Yes

Auto vessel mapping NA Optional NA Yes Quantification NA Optional NA Yes Ventricular output NA NA NA Yes Myocardial evaluation NA NA NA Yes Lung nodule assisted reading

Optional Optional NA Yes

Lung nodule CAD Not specified Optional NA Yes Lung function analysis NA Optional NA Yes Respiratory gating Optional NA NA Yes Virtual colonoscopy assisted reading

Optional Optional NA Yes

Virtual colonoscopy CAD Not specified Optional NA Yes Vessel analysis (noncardiac)

Optional, Vessel IQ Xpress Optional Yes Yes

Brain perfusion Optional Perfusion 4 NA Yes Yes Z-axis coverage for brain perfusion

20 mm NA Yes Yes






Auto bone removal Optional NA No Yes Body perfusion Optional Perfusion 4

multiorgans NA Pediatric Yes


Not specified NA 0.6 s Yes

Other Perfusion, lung analysis, CT colonography, DentaScan, CT angiography

General imaging, pulmonary, vasculature, PCTA, VC, CTA

Xenon perfusion, surgery applications

Yes


Computer CPU Open architecture/Linux Dual CPU Window XP Dual Pentium 4 Xeon Scan FOVs, cm 25, 50 2-50, 1 mm steps 5-25 50 Reconstruction matrices 512 x 512 512 x 512 512 x 512, 1024 x 1024 512x512 Maximum reconstruction rate, (512 x 512), ips

Not specified 5 2 4

Per slice, sec Up to 16 frames/sec 0.2 Not specified 0.25 Real-time partial image reconstruction

Not specified Reconstruction concurrent with scanning

No Not specified

No. of online images 250,000 (512 x 512) 200,000 125,000 (512 x 512) 320,000 (512 x 512) Archival storage 2.3 GB MOD, DICOM 3.0 9.2 GB DVD-RAM 600 MB CDR, DICOM 3.0 CD-RW/DVD Image sharing Not specified Not specified CDR, USB Yes


Conformance Statement Yes Yes Yes


Yes Standard Yes, SCU Not specified


No Optional No Not specified


No NA No Not specified

Modality worklist SCU Yes Optional Yes Not specified Query/retrieve SCU and SCP

Yes Optional Yes, SCU Not specified


Yes Optional No Not specified


Yes Optional Yes Not specified

IHE profiles supported Yes Optional Future upgrade Not specified






IMAGE PROCESSING Standard or optional Optional Standard Standard Standard Recommended postprocessing workstation

AW Optional, TeraRecon Aquarius

NeuroLogica Mobile Workstation

Mini-Pacs remote


No NA, at scanner console only Yes Yes


Optional Yes Yes Yes



28 minimum, optional 45 28 16 18


Not specified Not specified 3 x 3 3 x 6

POWER REQUIREMENTS 460/480 VAC nominal, 50/60 Hz, 3-phase delta or wye

208 V, 3-phase, 75 kVA 90-260 VAC, 50/60 Hz, single phase

480 VAC, 65 kVA, 3-phase


Not specified Not specified None required Not specified


From $1,200,000 $650,000 $329,900 Not specified

System warranty 1 year, parts/labor 1 year 1 year 1 year X-ray tube warranty, prorated

1 year prorated Included in system warranty regardless of use level

1 year included 100,000 scan seconds


60 days 4 weeks 6 weeks

Training with purchase 4-day class Yes 3-5 day class Yes Remote diagnostics Yes No Yes Yes Cooling requirements (including tube)

No Chiller not required None required 5,400 W


Not specified Not required No None

Year first sold 2006 2007 2006 2008 Number of installations Not specified >200 worldwide >100 Not specified Fiscal year January to December April to March January to December January to December






OTHER SPECIFICATIONS SmartView Fluoro, AutoScan, AutoArchive, AutoFilm, AutoVoice, AutoTransfer, SmartPrep, ProtocolPro, View/Edit Wizard, DynaPlan Plus, ImageWorks, ProView, PNR, ConnectPro, remote tilt, in-room start, rear gantry control, analysis, breathing lights, SmartmA.

None specified. Portable and motorized to be used in the ICU, OR, ED, ENT, and other locations.

None specified.

UMDNS CODE(S) 15955, 15956, 16899, 18443, 20161

15955, 15956, 16899, 18443, 20161

15955, 15956, 16899, 18443, 20161

15955, 15956, 16899, 18443, 20161

LAST UPDATED March 2008 March 2008 March 2008 April 2008

Supplier Footnotes

Model Footnotes

Data Footnotes




MODEL NEUSOFT NEUSOFT PHILIPS PHILIPS NeuViz NeuViz Dual Brilliance 16-slice Brilliance 40-Channel




TYPE Single slice helical Multislice helical Multislice Multislice Number of slices acquired simultaneously

1 2 16 40


Not specified Not specified 24 40


1, 2.5, 5, 7, 10 2 x (1, 2.5, 5, 7, 10) 16 x 0.75, 16 x 1.5, 8 x 3, 4 x 4.5, 2 x 0.6

40 x 0.625, 32 x 1.25, 16 x 2.5, 2 x 0.5


0.8 0.8 Not specified Not specified


1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, optional 0.8 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3 0.5, 0.75, 1, 1.5, 2 0.5, 0.75, 1, 1.5, 2


0.8 0.8, 0.4 0.4


15 lp/cm 15 lp/cm Not specified Not specified



0% MTF, lp/cm 15 15 24 24 10% MTF, lp/cm Not specified Not specified 16 16 50% MTF, lp/cm Not specified Not specified 8 8





3 mm at 0.5% 3 mm at 0.5% 4 mm at 0.3% 4 mm at 0.3%


≤0.35% ≤0.35% 0.27% 0.27%










Not specified Not specified Not specified 210


Not specified Not specified Not specified 105


Not specified Not specified Not specified as low as 53



Low-dose axial cardiac Not specified Not specified NA NA Perfusion imaging Not specified Not specified Advanced brain perfusion

and functional CT Advanced brain perfusion and functional CT

Extended coverage perfusion

Not specified Not specified Jog mode Jog mode

Coverage, cm Not specified Not specified 4.8 8 Dual-energy acquisition Not specified Not specified NA NA


190 x 220 x 85 190 x 220 x 85 203 x 239 x 94 203 x 239 x 94


X-RAY TUBE Heat storage, MHU 4, 2.8 4, 2.8 8 (MRC technology) 8 (MRC technology) Heat dissipation rate, kHU/min

8 kW, 4.1 kW 8 kW, 4.1 kW 1,608 1,608

Tube cooling Oil/air Oil/air Oil/air Oil/air Tube focal spots, mm 0.4 x 0.7, 0.6 x 1.3 0.4 x 0.7, 0.6 x 1.3 0.5 x 1 small, 1 x 1 large 0.5 x 1 small, 1 x 1 large Expected tube life, scan sec (& calendar)

Not specified Not specified 2.5 years Not specified


100 100 Not specified 23

X-RAY GENERATOR kW output 42, 28 42, 28 60 60 kVp range 80-140 80-140 90, 120, 140 80, 120, 140 mA range 10-300, 30-200 10-300, 30-200 20-500 in 1 mA increments 20-500 in 1 mA increments


Vertical, cm 43-98 43-98 58-103 58-103 Longitudinal, cm 160 160 190 190


200 (not specified) 200 (not specified) 204 (±0.25) 204 (±0.25)


Not specified Not specified 295 (±0.25 mm) 295 (±0.25 mm)







Yes Yes DoseRight ACS (automatic current selection), DoseRight D-DOM (rotational dose modulation), DoseRight Z-DOM (longitudinal dose modulation)

DoseRight ACS (automatic current selection), DoseRight D-DOM (rotational dose modulation), DoseRight Z-DOM (longitudinal dose modulation)


Yes Yes Pediatric protocols Pediatric protocols

Prospective ECG gating Not specified Not specified Yes Yes Retrospective ECG editing

Not specified Not specified Yes Yes

Axial cardiac Not specified Not specified Low-dose cardiac (axial acquisition)

Not specified Not specified No No

Maximum heart rate Not specified Not specified No No Arrhythmia correction Not specified Not specified No No



No No Yes Yes

Auto vessel mapping Not specified Not specified Yes, comprehensive cardiac analysis

Yes, comprehensive cardiac analysis

Quantification Yes Yes Yes, comprehensive cardiac analysis


Ventricular output Not specified Not specified Yes, comprehensive cardiac analysis


Myocardial evaluation Not specified Not specified Yes, comprehensive cardiac analysis



No No Not specified Not specified

Lung nodule CAD Not specified Not specified Under FDA review Under FDA review Lung function analysis Not specified Not specified Yes, diffuse lung disease

CT quantification Yes, diffuse lung disease CT quantification

Respiratory gating Not specified Not specified Yes Yes Virtual colonoscopy assisted reading

No No Under FDA review Under FDA review

Virtual colonoscopy CAD Yes Yes Not specified Not specified Vessel analysis (noncardiac)

Yes Yes Yes, AVA Yes, AVA

Brain perfusion Yes Yes Yes Yes Z-axis coverage for brain perfusion

Yes Yes 2.4 cm 40 cm






Auto bone removal Not specified Not specified Yes, AVA Yes, AVA Body perfusion Not specified Not specified Yes, functional CT Yes, functional CT Highest achievable temporal resolution


Other All pulmonary, vasculature All pulmonary, vasculature CT/MR fusion, functional CT, lung nodule assessment, stereotaxis, AVA stenosis, stent planning, bone-mineral analysis, cardiac imaging, cardiac scoring, cardiac CT Angio, cardiac LV/RV, EP planning

CT/MR fusion, functional CT, lung nodule assessment, stereotaxis, AVA stenosis, stent planning, bone-mineral analysis, cardiac imaging, cardiac scoring, cardiac CT Angio, cardiac LV/RV, EP planning


Computer CPU Dual Pentium 4 Dual Pentium 4 Xeon Intel, Windows OS Intel, Windows OS Scan FOVs, cm 50 50 Up to 50 Up to 50 Reconstruction matrices 512 x 512 512 x 512 256 x 256, 512 x 512;

optional 768 x 768, 1024 x 1024

256 x 256, 512 x 512, 768 x 768, 1024 x 1024

Maximum reconstruction rate, (512 x 512), ips

Not specified 1.2 Not specified Not specified

Per slice, sec 0.9 0.9 Up to 6 images/sec with 3-D cone beam, optional 20 images/sec

Up to 20 images/sec with 3-D cone beam

Real-time partial image reconstruction


No. of online images 320,000 (512 x 512) 320,000 (512 x 512) Console hard drive: 146 GB 250,000 images (512 x 512 uncompressed)

Console hard drive: 292 GB 500,000 images (512 x 512 uncompressed)

Archival storage CD-RW CD-RW/DVD DVD-RAM, CD-R DVD-RAM, CD-R Image sharing Not specified Yes Not specified Not specified

SYSTEM INTEGRATION DICOM Yes Yes Yes Yes







Modality worklist SCU Yes Yes Not specified Not specified Query/retrieve SCU and SCP






IHE profiles supported Not specified Not specified Not specified Not specified






IMAGE PROCESSING Standard or optional Standard Standard Optional, Extended

Brilliance Workspace Optional, Brilliance Workspace Portal and Extended Brilliance Workspace

Recommended postprocessing workstation

Mini-Pacs remote Mini-PACS remote Not specified Brilliance Workspace Portal or Extended Brilliance Workspace


Yes Yes Yes Yes


Yes Yes Yes Yes



20 18 25.9 25.9


Not specified 3 x 6 Not specified Not specified

POWER REQUIREMENTS 200-480 VAC, 50/65 kVA, 50/60 Hz

200-480 VAC, 50/65 kVA, 50/60 Hz, 3-phase

200-500 VAC, 50/60 Hz, 100 kVA, 3-phase

200-500 VAC, 50/60 Hz, 100 kVA, 3-phase


Not specified 1/16 th Not specified Not specified


Not specified Not specified $700,000-850,0001 $1,100,000-1,300,0001

System warranty 1 year 1 year 1 year 1 year X-ray tube warranty, prorated

100,000 scan seconds 100,000 scan seconds 1 year (no prorate) 1 year (no prorate)

Delivery time, ARO Not specified 6 weeks 30 days 30 days Training with purchase Yes Yes Yes Yes Remote diagnostics Yes Yes Yes Yes Cooling requirements (including tube)

Not specified 4,700 W No Air cooled


Not specified None Not specified NA

Year first sold 2005 2006 2003 2004 Number of installations Not specified >100 Not specified Not specified Fiscal year January to December January to December January to December January to December






OTHER SPECIFICATIONS None specified. None specified. Spiral AutoStart, isotropic imaging, functional imaging (perfusion), dental CT, bone-mineral analysis (Q-BMAP), CT endoscopy, large volume coverage, and thin slice.

Spiral AutoStart, isotropic imaging, functional imaging (perfusion), dental CT, bone-mineral analysis (Q-BMAP), CT endoscopy, true 40-channel with 40 mm coverage.

UMDNS CODE(S) 15955, 15956, 16899, 18443, 20161

15955, 15956, 16899, 18443, 20161

15955, 15956, 16899, 18443, 20161

15955, 15956, 16899, 18443, 20161

LAST UPDATED April 2008 April 2008 March 2008 March 2008

Supplier Footnotes

Model Footnotes

Data Footnotes 1List price current as of April 2007.

1List price current as of April 2007.




MODEL PHILIPS PHILIPS PHILIPS PHILIPS Brilliance 64-Channel with

Essence technology Brilliance 6-slice Brilliance Big Bore

Oncology Configuration Brilliance Big Bore Radiology Configuration





64 6 16 16


40 24 24 24


64 x 0.625, 32 x 1.25, 16 x 2.5, 2 x 0.5

6 x 0.75, 6 x 1.5, 6 x 3, 4 x 6, 4 x 4.5

16 x 0.75, 16 x 1.5, 8 x 3, 4 x 4.5, 2 x 0.6

16 x 0.75, 16 x 1.5, 8 x 3, 4 x 4.5, 2 x 0.6




0.5, 0.75, 1, 1.5, 2 0.75, 1, 1.5, 2 0.5, 0.75, 1, 1.5, 2 0.44, 0.5, 0.75, 1, 1.5, 2







0% MTF, lp/cm 24 16, optional 24 15 15 10% MTF, lp/cm 16 12 Not specified Not specified 50% MTF, lp/cm 8 6 5.8 5.8







0.27% 0.27% 0.27% 0.27%












210 Not specified Not specified Not specified




as low as 53 Not specified Not specified Not specified



Low-dose axial cardiac Step and shoot cardiac Not specified Not specified Not specified Perfusion imaging Advanced brain perfusion

and functional CT Not specified Not specified Not specified


Jog mode Not specified Not specified Not specified

Coverage, cm 8 Not specified Not specified Not specified Dual-energy acquisition NA NA Not specified Not specified


203 x 239 x 94 203 x 239 x 94 199 x 251 x 97 199 x 251 x 97


X-RAY TUBE Heat storage, MHU 8 (MRC technology) 5 8 (MRC technology) 8 (MRC technology) Heat dissipation rate, kHU/min

1,608 815 1,608 1,608

Tube cooling Oil/air Oil/air Oil/air Oil/air Tube focal spots, mm 0.5 x 1 small, 1 x 1 large 0.5 x 1 small, 1 x 1 large 0.5 x 1 small, 1 x 1 large 0.5 x 1 small, 1 x 1 large Expected tube life, scan sec (& calendar)

Not specified 2.5 years Not specified Not specified



X-RAY GENERATOR kW output 60 48 60 60 kVp range 80, 120, 140 90, 120, 140 90, 120, 140 90, 120, 140 mA range 20-500 in 1 mA increments 20-400 in 1 mA increments 20-500 in 1 mA increments 20-500 in 1 mA increments


Vertical, cm 58-103 58-103 58-103 58-103 Longitudinal, cm 190 190 190 190


204 (±0.25) 204 (±0.25) 295 (±0.25) 295 (±0.25)


295 (±0.25 mm) 295 (±0.25 mm) NA NA











DoseWise, DoseRight ACS (automatic current selection), DoseRight DOM (dynamic dose modulation)



Pediatric protocols Pediatric protocols Not specified Pediatric protocols

Prospective ECG gating Yes Yes Not specified Yes Retrospective ECG editing

Yes No Not specified Yes


Yes No Not specified No

Maximum heart rate Not specified No Not specified No Arrhythmia correction Yes No Not specified No



Yes Yes Yes Yes, HeartBeat-CS

Auto vessel mapping Yes, comprehensive cardiac analysis

Not specified Not specified Yes, comprehensive cardiac analysis

Quantification Yes, comprehensive cardiac analysis

Not specified Yes Yes, comprehensive cardiac analysis

Ventricular output Yes, comprehensive cardiac analysis


Myocardial evaluation Yes, comprehensive cardiac analysis



Not specified Not specified Under FDA review Not specified

Lung nodule CAD Under FDA review Under FDA review Not specified Under FDA review Lung function analysis Yes, diffuse lung disease

CT quantification Yes, diffuse lung disease CT quantification

Not specified Yes, diffuse lung disease CT quantification

Respiratory gating Yes Yes Yes Yes Virtual colonoscopy assisted reading

Under FDA review Under FDA review Under FDA review Under FDA review


Yes, AVA Yes, AVA Not specified Yes, AVA

Brain perfusion Yes Yes Not specified Yes Z-axis coverage for brain perfusion

80 cm with jog mode 1.8 cm Not specified 2.4 cm








Auto bone removal Yes, AVA Yes, AVA Not specified Yes, AVA Body perfusion Yes, functional CT Yes, functional CT Not specified Yes, functional CT Highest achievable temporal resolution


Other CT/MR fusion, functional CT, lung nodule assessment, stereotaxis, AVA stenosis, stent planning, bone-mineral analysis, cardiac imaging, cardiac scoring, cardiac CT Angio, cardiac LV/RV, EP planning

CT/MR fusion, functional CT, lung nodule assessment, stereotaxis, stent planning, bone-mineral analysis, cardiac scoring

CT/MR fusion, functional CT, brain perfusion, virtual colonoscopy, lung nodule assessment, lung nodule CAD, stereotaxis, AVA stenosis, stent planning, bone-mineral analysis, cardiac imaging, cardiac scoring, cardiac CT Angio, cardiac LV/RV, EP planning

Tumor localization, CT/MR fusion, functional CT, lung nodule assessment, stereotaxis, AVA stenosis, stent planning, bone-mineral analysis, cardiac imaging, cardiac scoring, cardiac CT Angio, cardiac LV/RV, EP planning


Computer CPU Intel, Windows OS Intel, Windows OS Intel, Windows OS Intel, Windows OS Scan FOVs, cm Up to 50 Up to 50 Up to 60 Up to 70 Reconstruction matrices 256 x 256, 512 x 512; 768 x

768, 1024 x 1024 256 x 256, 512 x 512; optional 768 x 768, 1024 x 1024

256 x 256, 512 x 512; optional 768 x 768, 1024 x 1024

256 x 256, 512 x 512, 768 x 768, 1024 x 1024



Per slice, sec Up to 20 images/sec with 3-D cone beam






No. of online images Console hard drive: 292 GB 500,000 images (512 x 512 uncompressed)




Archival storage DVD-RAM, CD-R DVD-RAM, CD-R DVD-RAM, CD-R DVD-RAM, CD-R Image sharing Not specified Not specified Not specified Not specified








Modality worklist SCU Not specified Not specified Not specified Not specified Query/retrieve SCU and SCP






IHE profiles supported Not specified Not specified Not specified Not specified








IMAGE PROCESSING Standard or optional Optional, Brilliance

Workspace Portal and Extended Brilliance Workspace

Optional, Extended Brilliance Workspace

Optional, Brilliance Workspace Portal and Extended Brilliance Workspace

Optional, Brilliance Workspace Portal and Extended Brilliance Workspace


Brilliance Workspace Portal or Extended Brilliance Workspace

Not specified Not specified Not specified


Yes Yes Not specified Yes


Yes Yes Not specified Yes



25.9 25.9 25.9 25.9



POWER REQUIREMENTS 200-500 VAC, 50/60 Hz, 100 kVA, 3-phase

200-500 VAC, 50/60 Hz, 100 kVA, 3-phase

200-500 VAC, 50/60 Hz, 100 kVA, 3-phase

200-500 VAC, 50/60 Hz, 100 kVA, 3-phase




Not specified $450,000-600,0001 $900,000-1,100,0001 $900,000-1,100,0001


1 year (no prorate) 1 year (no prorate) 1 year (no prorate) 1 year (no prorate)

Delivery time, ARO 30 days 30 days 30 days 30 days Training with purchase Yes Yes Yes Yes Remote diagnostics Yes Yes Yes Yes Cooling requirements (including tube)

Air cooled No Air cooled Air cooled


NA Not specified NA NA

Year first sold 2005 2003 2005 2005 Number of installations Not specified Not specified Not specified >25 Fiscal year January to December January to December January to December January to December








OTHER SPECIFICATIONS Includes Essence technology, a synergy of X-ray tube, detector, and reconstruction features.

Spiral AutoStart, isotropic imaging, functional imaging (perfusion), dental CT, bone-mineral analysis (Q-BMAP), CT endoscopy, upgradeable to 10- or 16-slice.

Spiral AutoStart, isotropic imaging, functional imaging (perfusion), dental CT, bone-mineral analysis (Q-BMAP), CT endoscopy.

Spiral AutoStart, isotropic imaging, functional imaging (perfusion), dental CT, bone-mineral analysis (Q-BMAP), CT endoscopy.

UMDNS CODE(S) 15955, 15956, 16899, 18443, 20161

15955, 15956, 16899, 18443, 20161

15955, 15956, 16899, 18443, 20161

15955, 15956, 16899, 18443, 20161


Supplier Footnotes

Model Footnotes

Data Footnotes 1List price current as of April 2007.






MODEL PHILIPS SHIMADZU SHIMADZU SHIMADZU Brilliance iCT SCT-7800TC SCT-7800TF SCT-7800TX

WHERE MARKETED Worldwide Worldwide, except USA Worldwide, except USA Worldwide, except USA



TYPE Multislice Helical Helical Helical Number of slices acquired simultaneously

256 1 1 1




128 x 0.625, 64 x 1.25, 64 x 0.625, 2 x 0.625

1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 10 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 10 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 10




0.33, 0.375, 0.4, 0.5, 0.75, 1.0, 1.5

1 1 0.75


0.27, 0.3 0.8 0.75 Not specified





0% MTF, lp/cm 24 13.5 18 18 10% MTF, lp/cm 16 Not specified Not specified Not specified 50% MTF, lp/cm 8 7.5 9 9







0.27% 0.33% 0.33% 0.33%














As low as 34 Not specified Not specified Not specified



Low-dose axial cardiac Step and shoot cardiac Not specified Not specified Not specified Perfusion imaging Advanced brain perfusion

and functional CT Not specified Not specified Not specified


Jog mode Not specified Not specified Not specified

Coverage, cm 16 Not specified Not specified Not specified Dual-energy acquisition NA Not specified Not specified Not specified

GANTRY Gantry tilt, ° NA ±25 ±25 ±25 Gantry dimensions, H x W x D, cm

198 x 274 x 97 172 x 170 x 104 172 x 170 x 104 172 x 170 x 104

Gantry weight, kg 2,549 1,297 1,297 1,297 Gantry aperture, cm 70 70 70 70 Scan localizer Laser Light beam Light beam Light beam

X-RAY TUBE Heat storage, MHU 8 (iMRC technology) 2. 3.5, 4.5 2, 3.5, 4.5 3.5, 4.5 Heat dissipation rate, kHU/min

1,608 735 747.6 747.6

Tube cooling Water/air Oil/air Oil/air Oil/air Tube focal spots, mm 0.6 x 0.7 small, 1.1 x 1.2

large 0.8 x 0.8, 1 x 1.2 0.8 x 0.8, 1 x 1.2 0.8 x 0.8, 1 x 1.2

Expected tube life, scan sec (& calendar)


Maximum mA 1,000 Not specified Not specified Not specified Maximum scan time at maximum mA, sec

10.5 Not specified Not specified Not specified

X-RAY GENERATOR kW output 120 48 48 48 kVp range 80, 120, 140 80, 120, 135 80, 120, 135 80, 120, 135 mA range 10-1,000 in 1 mA

increments 10-250; optional 300 or 370 10-250; optional 300 or 370 10-300; optional 370


Vertical, cm 63-108 37-97 37-97 37-97 Longitudinal, cm 190 170.5 170.5 170.5

Scannable range, cm 175 114.5 114.5 114.5 Maximum load capacity without restrictions, kg (accuracy, mm)

204 (±0.25) 135 (not specified) 135 (not specified) 135 (not specified)


295 (±0.25 mm) 215 215 215







DoseRight ACS (automatic current selection), DoseRight D-DOM (rotational dose modulation), DoseRight Z-DOM (longitudinal dose modulation), IntelliBeam filters, wedge filters, Eclipse DoseRight collimator

Flex mA Flex mA Flex mA


Pediatric protocols Not specified Not specified Not specified

Prospective ECG gating Yes Not specified Not specified Not specified Retrospective ECG editing

Yes Not specified Not specified Not specified



Maximum heart rate Not specified Not specified Not specified Not specified Arrhythmia correction Yes Not specified Not specified Not specified




Auto vessel mapping Yes, comprehensive cardiac analysis


Quantification Yes, comprehensive cardiac analysis


Ventricular output Yes, comprehensive cardiac analysis


Myocardial evaluation Yes, comprehensive cardiac analysis




Lung nodule CAD Under FDA review Not specified Not specified Not specified Lung function analysis Yes, diffuse lung disease

CT quantification Not specified Not specified Not specified

Respiratory gating Yes Not specified Not specified Not specified Virtual colonoscopy assisted reading

Under FDA review Not specified Not specified Not specified


Yes, AVA Not specified Not specified Not specified

Brain perfusion Yes Not specified Not specified Not specified Z-axis coverage for brain perfusion

160 mm with jog mode Not specified Not specified Not specified






Auto bone removal Yes, AVA Not specified Not specified Not specified Body perfusion Yes, functional CT Not specified Not specified Not specified Highest achievable temporal resolution


Other CT/MR fusion, functional CT, virtual colonoscopy, lung nodule assessment, stereotaxis, AVA stenosis, stent planning, bone-mineral analysis, cardiac imaging, cardiac scoring, cardiac CT Angio, cardiac LV/RV, EP planning



Computer CPU Intel, Windows OS Shimadzu 32-bit CPU with three 64-bit array processors

Shimadzu 32-bit CPU with three 64-bit array processors

Shimadzu 32-bit CPU with three 64-bit array processors

Scan FOVs, cm Up to 50 16, 21, 25, 30, 35, 43, 50 16, 21, 25, 30, 35, 43, 50 16, 21, 25, 30, 35, 43, 50 Reconstruction matrices 256 x 256, 512 x 512; 768 x

768, 1024 x 1024 512 x 512 512 x 512 512 x 512



Per slice, sec Up to 20 images/sec with 3-D cone beam

2-4 2-4 2-4



No. of online images Console hard drive: 292 GB 500,000 images (512 x 512 uncompressed)

8,000 (512 x 512), 3,200 raw data

8,000 (512 x 512) + 2,600 raw data

8,000 (512 x 512) + 2,200 raw data

Archival storage DVD-RAM, CD-R MOD drive MOD drive MOD drive Image sharing Not specified Not specified Not specified Not specified

SYSTEM INTEGRATION DICOM Yes Optional Optional Optional







Modality worklist SCU Yes Not specified Not specified Not specified Query/retrieve SCU and SCP






IHE profiles supported Yes Not specified Not specified Not specified






IMAGE PROCESSING Standard or optional Optional, Brilliance

Workspace Portal and Extended Brilliance Workspace



Brilliance Workspace Portal or Extended Brilliance Workspace






DICOM 3-D image export Yes Not specified Not specified Not specified


Not specified 18 18 18


9 x 4.5 Not specified Not specified Not specified

POWER REQUIREMENTS 380-480 VAC, 3-phase, wye supply; 225 KVA normal capacity distribution source; 50/60 Hz

100/200-480 VAC, 50/60 Hz, 75 kVA

100/200-480 VAC, 50/60 Hz, 75 kVA

100/200-480 VAC, 50/60 Hz, 75 kVA




Not specified $500,000 $675,000 $750,000


1 year (no prorate) 100,000 slices 100,000 slices 100,000 slices

Delivery time, ARO Not specified 60 days 60 days 60 days Training with purchase Yes 1 week 1 week 1 week Remote diagnostics Yes Optional Optional Optional Cooling requirements (including tube)

Air cooled Not specified Not specified Not specified


NA Not specified Not specified Not specified

Year first sold 2007 2001 2000 2000 Number of installations 10 by Q2 2008 Not specified Not specified Not specified Fiscal year January to December January to December January to December January to December






OTHER SPECIFICATIONS Includes Essence technology, a synergy of X-ray tube, detector, and reconstruction feature.

Optical touch-panel user interface; mouse-driven Windows-like operator environment; real-time MPR; user-recordable autovoice; autolights; laser imager digital interface; software for 3-D display; arbitrary curve MPR; dental CT; virtual endoscopy; optional real-time spiral reconstruction, 3-D rendering, smart enhance.



UMDNS CODE(S) 15955, 15956, 16899, 18443, 20161

15955, 15956, 16899, 18443, 20161

15955, 15956, 16899, 18443, 20161

15955, 15956, 16899, 18443, 20161


Supplier Footnotes

Model Footnotes

Data Footnotes




MODEL SIEMENS SIEMENS SIEMENS SIEMENS SOMATOM AS SOMATOM AS+ SOMATOM Definition SOMATOM Emotion


FDA CLEARANCE Pending 510(k) Pending 510(k) Yes Yes



40 or 64 128 Dual-source technology 6, 16


28.8 38.4 28.8 18 (6); 19.2 (16)


0.6, 0.75, 1, 1.2, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 9, 10

0.6, 0.75, 1, 1.2, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 9, 10

0.6, 0.75, 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 9, 10

0.63, 0.75, 1, 1.25, 2, 2.5, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10, 12, 18 (6); 0.6, 0.75, 1, 1.2, 1.5, 2, 2.4, 3, 3.6, 4, 4.8, 5, 6, 8, 9.6, 10, 16, 19.2 (16)




0.33, 0.5, 1 sec 0.30. 0.5, 1.0 0.33, 0.37, 0.42, 0.5, 0.75, 1, 1.5

0.6 (16), 0.8, 1, 1.5


0.33 0.30 Not specified 0.6 (6); 0.5 with HeartView CT (16)





0% MTF, lp/cm 30 30 30 17.5 10% MTF, lp/cm Not specified Not specified Not specified Not specified 50% MTF, lp/cm 15 15 15 10





5 mm at 0.3% at 2 rads, (5 mm at 3 HU)


5 mm at 3 HU 5 mm at 3 HU


0.29%, (2.1 HU) 0.29%, (2.1 HU) 2.1 HU 0.19%, (2.1 HU)












Optional Optional Not specified Optional




Optional Optional Optional Not specified

Low-dose axial cardiac Optional Optional Optional Not specified Perfusion imaging Not specified Not specified Not specified Not specified Extended coverage perfusion


Coverage, cm Not specified Not specified Not specified Not specified Dual-energy acquisition Not specified Not specified Optional Not specified


78 x 93.7 x 36.8 78 x 93.7 x 36.8 198 x 117 x 231.4 182 x 230 x 69

Gantry weight, kg 2,300 2,300 2,700 1,200 Gantry aperture, cm 78 78 70 70 Scan localizer Laser Laser Laser Laser marker

X-RAY TUBE Heat storage, MHU 0.6, with 7.3 MHU/min heat

dissipation 0.6 with 7.3 MHU/min heat dissipation

0.6 with 5 MHU/min heat dissipation

6

Heat dissipation rate, kHU/min

7,300 7,300 5,000 810

Tube cooling Air cooled or water cooled Air cooled or water cooled Chilled water Oil/air Tube focal spots, mm 0.7 x 0.7, 0.9 x 1.1 0.7 x 0.7, 0.9 x 1.1 0.6 x 0.6, 0.8 x 0.9 0.8 x 0.5, 0.8 x 0.7 Expected tube life, scan sec (& calendar)


Maximum mA 28-665 80-800 28-665 (single source); 28-1,330 (dual source)

20-240 (6); 20-345 (optional 6)

Maximum scan time at maximum mA, sec


X-RAY GENERATOR kW output 80 100 2 x 80 40, optional 50 (6); 50 (16) kVp range 80, 100, 120, 140 80, 100, 120 , 140 80, 100, 120, 140 80, 100, 130 mA range 28-665 28-100 28-665 (single source); 28-

1,330 (dual source) 20-240, optional 20-345 (6); 20-345 (16)


Vertical, cm 48-92 48-92 48-92 45-83 Longitudinal, cm 160, optional 200 200 200 160

Scannable range, cm 160, optional 200 200 200 153 Maximum load capacity without restrictions, kg (accuracy, mm)

220, optional 300 220, optional 300 220 200


650 650 650 Not specified







CARE Dose4D CARE Dose4D CARE Dose4D CARE Dose4D


Special pediatric protocols included




Prospective ECG gating Optional Optional Yes Optional Retrospective ECG editing



Optional Optional Optional Not specified

Maximum heart rate Not specified Not specified All heart rates Not specified Arrhythmia correction Optional Optional Optional Optional



Yes Yes Yes Yes

Auto vessel mapping Optional Optional Optional Optional Quantification Optional Optional Optional Optional Ventricular output Optional Optional Optional Optional Myocardial evaluation Optional Optional Optional Lung nodule assisted reading


Lung nodule CAD Optional Optional Optional Optional Lung function analysis Optional Optional Optional Optional Respiratory gating Optional Optional Optional Optional Virtual colonoscopy assisted reading

Optional Optional Optional

Virtual colonoscopy CAD Optional, polyp enhanced viewing

Optional, polyp enhanced viewing



Vessel analysis (noncardiac)


Brain perfusion Optional Optional Optional Optional Z-axis coverage for brain perfusion







Auto bone removal Optional Optional Optional Optional Body perfusion Optional Optional Optional Optional Highest achievable temporal resolution

165 ms with single segment 150 ms with single segment 83 ms with single segment 250 ms with single segment

Other Optional all cardiac, pulmonary, vasculature

Optional all cardiac, pulmonary, vasculature




Computer CPU 2 x Xeon 3.0 GHz processor 2 x Xeon 3.0 GHz processor 2 x Xeon 3.6 GHz processor 2 x Dual Core Intel Xeon 3.0 GHz processor

Scan FOVs, cm 50; optional 78 extended FOV

50; optional 78 extended FOV

50; optional 70, 78 50; optional 70

Reconstruction matrices 512 x 512 512 x 512 512 x 512 512 x 512 Maximum reconstruction rate, (512 x 512), ips

30 40 Up tp 25 Up to 8 (6); up to 16 (16)

Per slice, sec 30 images/sec 40 images/sec Up to 25 images/sec 0.125 (6); 0.0625 (16) Real-time partial image reconstruction

Real-time display Real-time display Real-time display Real-time display

No. of online images 260,000 (512 x 512) 260,000 (512 x 512) 260,000 (512 x 512) 240,000 Archival storage CD-R, DVD DICOM CD-R, DVD DICOM CD-R, DVD DICOM DVD DICOM Image sharing Not specified Not specified Not specified Not specified



Yes Yes Yes Yes


Yes Yes Yes Yes


Yes Yes Yes Yes


Yes Yes Yes Yes


Yes Yes Yes Yes


Yes Yes Yes Yes







IMAGE PROCESSING Standard or optional Standard Standard Standard Optional Recommended postprocessing workstation

syngo CT Workplace or MultiModality Workplace





Optional through CT workplace





syngo Expert-I; syngo WebSpace






18 18 30 18



POWER REQUIREMENTS 380-480 VAC, 3-phase 380-480 VAC, 3-phase 380-480 VAC, 3-phase 380-480 VAC, 3-phase






Unlimited for 1st year Unlimited for 1st year Unlimited for 1st year 130,000 scan sec

Delivery time, ARO Not specified Not specified Not specified Not specified Training with purchase Yes Yes Yes Yes Remote diagnostics Yes Yes Yes Yes Cooling requirements (including tube)

NA NA NA ≤6.8 kW scanning


Not specified Not specified Not specified NA

Year first sold NA NA 2005 2001 Number of installations Not specified Not specified Not specified Not specified Fiscal year October to September October to September October to September October to September






OTHER SPECIFICATIONS Adaptive Dose Shield, 4D Adaptive Spiral (64 only), SureView; CARE Dose4D; CARE Vision; CARE Bolus; syngo InSpace4D; syngo Fly Through; syngo Dental; syngo Osteo; syngo Pulmo; HeartView; syngo Circulation; syngo InSpace4D Advanced Vessel Analysis; syngo Calcium Scoring; syngo Neuro Perfusion; syngo Body Perfusion; syngo Image Fusion; syngo LungCARE; syngo LungCARE with Nodule Enhanced Viewing (NEV); syngo Colonography; syngo Colonography with Polyp Enhanced Viewing (PEV); z-UHR, 3-D interventional package.

Adaptive Dose Shield, 4D Adaptive Spiral, SureView; CARE Dose4D; CARE Vision; CARE Bolus; syngo InSpace4D; syngo Fly Through; syngo Dental; syngo Osteo; syngo Pulmo; HeartView; syngo Circulation; syngo InSpace4D Advanced Vessel Analysis; syngo Calcium Scoring; syngo Neuro Perfusion; syngo Body Perfusion; syngo Image Fusion; syngo LungCARE; syngo LungCARE with Nodule Enhanced Viewing (NEV); syngo Colonography; syngo Colonography with Polyp Enhanced Viewing (PEV); z-UHR, 3-D interventional package.

Dual-energy (DE) applications include DE Direct Angio, DE Virtual Enhanced, DE Hardplaque Display, DE Calculi Characterization, DE Musculoskeletal, DE Lung Perfusion Blood Volume (PBV), DE Brain Hemorrhage, DE Heart PBV, DE Lung Vessels, and DE Gout; Adaptive 4D-Spiral, SureView; CARE Dose4D; CARE Vision; CARE Bolus; syngo InSpace4D; syngo Fly Through; syngo Dental; syngo Osteo; syngo Pulmo; HeartView; syngo Circulation; syngo InSpace4D Advanced Vessel Analysis; syngo Calcium Scoring; syngo Neuro Perfusion; syngo Body Perfusion; syngo Image Fusion; syngo LungCARE; syngo LungCARE with Nodule Enhanced Viewing (NEV); syngo Colonography; syngo Colonography with Polyp Enhanced Viewing (PEV); z-UHR; Dual Source CT (work in progress).

SureView; CARE Dose4D; basic intervention; CARE Vision CT; advanced interventions; CARE Bolus CT; syngo VRT; syngo CT Oncology; syngo InSpace4D; syngo Fly Through; syngo Dental CT; syngo Osteo CT; syngo Pulmo CT; syngo HeartView CT; syngo Circulation; syngo Plaque Analysis; syngo InSpace4D Advanced Vessel Analysis (AVA); syngo Calcium Scoring; syngo Neuro Perfusion CT; syngo Neuro Digitial Subtraction Angiography (DSA) CT ; syngo Neuro Perfusion Weighted Map (PWM); syngo Colonography CT; syngo Colonography with Polyp Enhanced Viewing (PEV); syngo LungCARE CT; syngo LungCAD; syngo Body Perfusion; syngo Image Fusion; respiratory gating and triggering CT.

UMDNS CODE(S) 15955, 15956, 16899, 18443, 20161

15955, 15956, 16899, 18443, 20161

15955, 15956, 16899, 18443, 20161

15955, 15956, 16899, 18443, 20161


Supplier Footnotes

Model Footnotes

Data Footnotes




MODEL SIEMENS SIEMENS TOSHIBA TOSHIBA SOMATOM Sensation SOMATOM Spirit Aquilion 16 Aquilion 32




TYPE Multislice Multislice Multislice helical Multislice helical Number of slices acquired simultaneously

24, 40, 64 2 16 32


28.8 10 32 32


0.6, 0.75, 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 9, 10

1, 1.25, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10

0.5, 1, 2 (all x 16); 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 8 (all x 4)

0.5, 1 (all x 32); 2 x 16; 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8 (all x 4)




1, 1.5, (open); 0.37, 0.42, 0.5, 0.75, 1, 1.5 (40); 0.37, 0.42, 0.5, 0.75, 1, 1.5, (64)

1, 1.5 0.5, 0.75, 1, 1.5, 2, 3 0.5, 0.75, 1, 1.5, 2, 3


0.5 (open); 0.33 (64) 0.8 0.4 0.35, 0.4




Not specified Not specified FC90 FC90

0% MTF, lp/cm 30 15.5 21.4 21.4 10% MTF, lp/cm Not specified Not specified 14.8 14.8 50% MTF, lp/cm 15 7 11.8 11.8


Not specified Not specified 0.5 mm (±20%) 0.5 mm (±20%)

FWHM of SSP at 1 mm Not specified Not specified 1.0 mm (±20%) 1.0 mm (±20%) FWHM of SSP at 2 mm Not specified Not specified 2.0 mm (±20%) 2.0 mm (±20%)



5 mm at 3 HU 2 mm at 0.3% at 22.3 mGy or 3 mm at 0.3% at 13.4 mGy

2 mm at 0.3% at 22.3 mGy or 3 mm at 0.3% at 13.4 mGy


0.29%, (2.1 HU) 2.1 HU <0.5% <0.5%

Noise kernel (i.e., body) Not specified Not specified FC11 FC12









Optional Not specified Not specified Not specified


Optional Not specified Not specified Not specified





Low-dose axial cardiac Not specified Not specified Not specified Not specified Perfusion imaging Not specified Not specified Not specified Not specified Extended coverage perfusion



GANTRY Gantry tilt, ° ±30 ±25 optional ±30 ±30 ±30 Gantry dimensions, H x W x D, cm

199 x 89 x 222 182 x 230 x 68.5 195 x 233 x 96 195 x 233 x 96

Gantry weight, kg 2,100 1,200 1,750 1,750 Gantry aperture, cm 70 70 72 72 Scan localizer Laser Laser marker Laser Laser

X-RAY TUBE Heat storage, MHU 0.6 with 5 MHU/min heat

dissipation 2 7.5 7.5

Heat dissipation rate, kHU/min

5,000 700 1,386 maximum 1,386 maximum

Tube cooling Chilled water Oil/air Oil/air Oil/air Tube focal spots, mm 0.6 x 0.7, 0.8 x 0.8, 0.8 x

1.2 0.8 x 0.7 1.6 x 1.4, 0.9 x 0.8 (IEC

standard) 1.6 x 1.4, 0.9 x 0.8 (IEC standard)



Maximum mA 28-415 (open); 28-580 (40); 28-665 (64)

30-180; optional 30-240 500 500; optional 600

Maximum scan time at maximum mA, sec

Not specified Not specified 100 100

X-RAY GENERATOR kW output 50 (open); 70 (40); 80 (64) 26; optional 40 60 60, optional 72 kVp range 80, 100, 120, 140 80, 130 80, 100, 120, 135 80, 100, 120, 135 mA range 28-415 (open); 28-580 (40);

28-665 (64) 30-180, optional 30-240 10-500; 10-50 in (5 mA

steps, 50-500 in 10 mA steps

10-500; 10-50 in 5 mA steps, 50-600 in 10 mA steps (600 option)


Vertical, cm 48-102 45-83 31-94.4 31-94.4 Longitudinal, cm 200 160 219 219


200 200 205 (±0.25) 205 (±0.25)









CARE Dose4D CARE Dose4D Z XYZ




Yes Yes

Prospective ECG gating Optional Not specified Yes Yes Retrospective ECG editing

Optional Not specified Yes Yes


Optional NA Yes Yes

Maximum heart rate Not specified NA 120 120 Arrhythmia correction Optional NA Yes Yes



Yes No Optional Optional

Auto vessel mapping Optional Not specified Optional Optional Quantification Optional No Optional Optional Ventricular output Optional Not specified Optional Optional Myocardial evaluation Not specified Not specified Optional Optional Lung nodule assisted reading

Optional No Optional Optional

Lung nodule CAD Optional No Optional Optional Lung function analysis Optional Optional Optional Optional Respiratory gating Optional No Not specified Not specified Virtual colonoscopy assisted reading


Virtual colonoscopy CAD Optional, polyp enhanced viewing


Optional Optional

Vessel analysis (noncardiac)



Not specified Not specified 32 mm 32 mm






Auto bone removal Optional Not specified Optional Optional Body perfusion Optional Optional Optional Optional Highest achievable temporal resolution

165 ms with single segment Not specified 40 msec 35 msec

Other Optional all cardiac, pulmonary, vasculature

Not specified Peripheral vessel probe, perfusion, AVM, cardiac, pulmonary, vasculature, CT fluoro

Peripheral vessel probe, perfusion, AVM, cardiac, pulmonary, vasculature, CT fluoro


Computer CPU 2 x Xeon 3.6 GHz processor Dual Core Pentium 2.66 GHz processor

32-bit processor x 2 32-bit processor x 2

Scan FOVs, cm 50; optional 70 extended FOV (82 standard for open)

50; optional 70 18, 24, 32, 40, 50 18, 24, 32, 40, 50

Reconstruction matrices 512 x 512 512 x 512 512 x 512 512 x 512 Maximum reconstruction rate, (512 x 512), ips

Up to 20 Up to 5 Up to 12 Up to 16 fps; optional up to 28 fps

Per slice, sec Up to 20 images/sec 0.2 0.08 0.04 Real-time partial image reconstruction

Real-time display Real-time display 12 fps 12 fps

No. of online images 260,000 (512 x 512) 240,000 200,000 (512 x 512) 160,000 (512 x 512) Archival storage CD-R, optional MOD CD-R 9.4 GB DVD-RAM 9.4 GB DVD-RAM Image sharing Not specified Not specified Not specified Not specified



Yes Yes Yes Yes


Yes Yes Yes, SCU Yes, SCU


Yes Yes No No


Yes Yes Yes Yes


Yes Yes Yes Yes


Yes Yes Yes Yes

IHE profiles supported Yes Yes IHE (SWF, PIR, CPI, PGP, PDI, charge posting, ED) as acquisition modality actor

IHE (SWF, PIR, CPI, PGP, PDI, charge posting, ED) as acquisition modality actor






IMAGE PROCESSING Standard or optional Standard Optional Standard Standard Recommended postprocessing workstation


syngo MultiModality Workplace

ViTAL Images Vitrea2 ViTAL Images Vitrea2



Not specified Yes Yes



syngo WebSpace Optional Optional



Not specified 16 27; 25 short couch 27; 25 short couch


Not specified Not specified 3.83 x 5.6; 3.83 x 5 short couch

3.83 x 5.6; 3.83 x 5 short couch

POWER REQUIREMENTS 380-480 VAC, 3-phase 190-480 V, 3-phase 200 VAC, 50/60 Hz, 3-phase

200 VAC, 50/60 Hz, 3-phase


Not specified Not specified Variable, planned according to site

Variable, planned according to site


Not specified Not specified $700,000-900,000 $1,100,000-1,200,000


Unlimited for 1st year 130,000 scan sec 1 year/200,000 rotations 1 year/200,000 rotations

Delivery time, ARO Not specified Not specified 90 days 90 days Training with purchase Yes Yes 1 week at Toshiba, 1 week

at site, 1 week follow-up 1 week at Toshiba, 1 week at site, 1 week follow-up

Remote diagnostics Yes Yes Yes Yes Cooling requirements (including tube)

NA ≤4.7 kW scanning No No


Not specified NA Not specified Not specified

Year first sold 2004 (open), 2005 (40), 2004 (64)

2005 2002 2003

Number of installations Not specified Not specified Not specified Not specified Fiscal year October to September October to September April to March April to March






OTHER SPECIFICATIONS SureView; CARE Dose4D; CARE Vision; CARE Bolus; syngo InSpace4D; syngo Fly Through; syngo Dental; syngo Osteo; syngo Pulmo; HeartView; syngo Circulation; syngo InSpace4D Advanced Vessel Analysis; syngo Calcium Scoring; syngo Neuro Perfusion; syngo Body Perfusion; syngo Image Fusion; syngo LungCARE; syngo LungCARE with Nodule Enhanced Viewing (NEV); syngo Colonography; syngo Colonography with Polyp Enhanced Viewing (PEV); z-UHR.

SureView; CARE Dose4D; CARE Bolus CT; syngo Fly Through; syngo Dental CT; syngo Osteo CT; syngo Neuro Perfusion CT; syngo Body Perfusion CT; syngo VRT; syngo Colonography CT; syngo Colonography CT with PEV; syngo Pulmo CT; syngo Inspace4D AVA; syngo CT Oncology; syngo Image Fusion.

Cerebral blood-flow analysis system; quantitative bone-mineral analysis; CT fluoro; full DICOM feature set; pediatric scanning; SureStart Cntrast Tracking; SureScan Real-Time Imaging; volume-rendered 3-D; ECG gating; cardiac scoring; cardiac function analysis; SureCardio Imaging; autovessel measurement; perfusion; 32 recordable voice commands; 378 programmable protocols; ImageMaker Kit (marketing resource); Multiview MPR; AutoFilm; AutoSend; AutoArchive; RealEC Dose Reduction; SureSubtraction Neuro CTA Subtraction; SureCardiac Scoring.

Cerebral blood-flow analysis system; quantitative bone-mineral analysis; CT fluoro; full DICOM feature set; pediatric scanning; SureStart Contrast Tracking; SureScan Real-Time Imaging; volume-rendered 3-D; ECG gating; cardiac scoring; cardiac function analysis; SureCardio Imaging; autovessel measurement; perfusion; 32 recordable voice commands; 378 programmable protocols; ImageMaker Kit (marketing resource); Multiview MPR; AutoFilm; AutoSend; AutoArchive; RealEC Dose Reduction; SureSubtraction Neuro CTA Subtraction; SureCardio Prospective Low-Dose Cardiac Exam; Viable Helical Pitch; SureCardiac Scoring.

UMDNS CODE(S) 15955, 15956, 16899, 18443, 20161

15955, 15956, 16899, 18443, 20161

15955, 15956, 16899, 18443, 20161

15955, 15956, 16899, 18443, 20161


Supplier Footnotes

Model Footnotes

Data Footnotes




MODEL TOSHIBA TOSHIBA TOSHIBA TOSHIBA Aquilion 64 Aquilion 64 CFX Aquilion 8 Aquilion Large Bore




TYPE Multislice helical Multislice helical Multislice helical Multislice helical Number of slices acquired simultaneously

64 64 8 16


32 32 32 32


0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8 0.5, 1, 2, 3 (all x 8); 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 8 (all x 4)

0.5, 1, 2 (all x 16); 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 8 (all x 4)




0.5, 0.75, 1, 1.5, 2, 3 0.35, 0.4, 0.5, 0.75, 1, 2, 3 0.5, 0.75, 1, 1.5, 2, 3 0.5, 0.75, 1, 1.5, 2, 3


0.35, 0.4 Not specified 0.4 Not specified




FC90 FC90 FC90 FC90

0% MTF, lp/cm 21.4 21.4 21.4 21.4 10% MTF, lp/cm 14.8 14.8 14.8 14.8 50% MTF, lp/cm 11.8 11.8 11.8 11.8


0.5 mm (±20%) 0.5 mm (±20%) 0.5 mm (±20%) 0.5 mm (±20%)

FWHM of SSP at 1 mm 1.0 mm (±20%) 1.0 mm (±20%) 1.0 mm (±20%) 1.0 mm (±20%) FWHM of SSP at 2 mm 2.0 mm (±20%) 2.0 mm (±20%) 2.0 mm (±20%) 2.0 mm (±20%)







<0.5% <0.5% <0.5% <0.5%

Noise kernel (i.e., body) FC12 FC12 FC11 FC11
















Low-dose axial cardiac Not specified Not specified Not specified Not specified Perfusion imaging Not specified Not specified Not specified Not specified Extended coverage perfusion



GANTRY Gantry tilt, ° ±30 ±30 ±30 0 Gantry dimensions, H x W x D, cm

195 x 233 x 96 195 x 233 x 96 195 x 233 x 96 210 x 230 x 101 with covers; 205 x 225 x 94 without covers


X-RAY TUBE Heat storage, MHU 7.5 7.5 7.5 7.5 Heat dissipation rate, kHU/min

1,386 maximum 1,386 maximum 1,386 maximum 1,386 maximum

Tube cooling Oil/air Oil/air Oil/air Oil/air Tube focal spots, mm 1.6 x 1.4, 0.9 x 0.8 (IEC


1.6 x 1.4, 0.9 x 0.8 (IEC standard)

1.6 x 1.4, 0.9 x 0.8 (IEC standard)



Maximum mA 500; optional 600 500; optional 600 500 500 Maximum scan time at maximum mA, sec

100 100 100 100

X-RAY GENERATOR kW output 60, optional 72 60, optional 72 60 60 kVp range 80, 100, 120, 135 80, 100, 120, 135 80, 100, 120, 135 80, 100, 120, 135 mA range 10-500; 10-50 in 5 mA

steps, 50-600 in 10 mA steps (600 option)

10-500; 10-50 in 5 mA steps, 50-600 in 10 mA steps (600 option)

10-500; 10-50 in 5 mA steps, 50-500 in 10 mA steps

10-500; 10-50 in 5 mA steps, 50-500 in 10 mA steps


Vertical, cm 31-94.4 31-94.4 31-94.4 30-94.4 Longitudinal, cm 219 219 219 219


205 (±0.25) 205 (±0.25) 205 (±0.25) 205 (±0.25)









XYZ XYZ Z Z


Yes Yes Yes Yes

Prospective ECG gating Yes Yes Yes Yes Retrospective ECG editing

Yes Yes Yes Yes


Yes Yes Yes Yes

Maximum heart rate 120 120 No No Arrhythmia correction Yes Yes Yes Yes



Optional Standard Optional Optional

Auto vessel mapping Optional Optional Optional Optional Quantification Optional Optional Optional Optional Ventricular output Optional Standard Optional Optional Myocardial evaluation Optional Standard Optional Optional Lung nodule assisted reading


Lung nodule CAD Optional Optional Optional Optional Lung function analysis Optional Optional Optional Optional Respiratory gating Not specified Not specified Not specified Prospective and

retrospective Virtual colonoscopy assisted reading


Virtual colonoscopy CAD Optional Optional Optional Optional Vessel analysis (noncardiac)



32 mm 32 mm 32 mm 32 mm






Auto bone removal Optional Optional Optional Optional Body perfusion Optional Optional Optional Optional Highest achievable temporal resolution

35 msec 35 msec 40 msec 50 ms

Other Peripheral vessel probe, perfusion, AVM, cardiac, pulmonary, vasculature, CT fluoro

Peripheral vessel probe, perfusion, AVM, cardiac, pulmonary, vasculature, CT fluoro

Peripheral vessel probe, perfusion, AVM, Vscore, CT fluoro

CT-simulation software, peripheral vessel probe, perfusion, AVM, Vscore, pulmonary, vasculature CTA applications, CT fluoro


Computer CPU 32-bit processor x 2 32-bit processor x 2 32-bit processor x 2 32-bit processor x 2 Scan FOVs, cm 18, 24, 32, 40, 50 18, 24, 32, 40, 50 18, 24, 32, 40, 50 24, 32, 40, 55, 70 Reconstruction matrices 512 x 512 512 x 512 512 x 512 512 x 512 Maximum reconstruction rate, (512 x 512), ips

Up to 16 fps; optional up to 28 fps

Up to 16 fps; optional up to 28 fps

Up to 12 Up to 12

Per slice, sec 0.04 0.04 0.08 Up to 0.1 Real-time partial image reconstruction

12 fps 12 fps 12 fps 12 fps

No. of online images 160,000 (512 x 512) 160,000 (512 x 512) 200,000 (512 x 512) 200,000 (512 X 512) Archival storage 9.4 GB DVD-RAM 9.4 GB DVD-RAM 9.4 GB DVD-RAM 9.4 GB DVD-RAM Image sharing Not specified Not specified Not specified Not specified



Yes Yes Yes Yes


Yes, SCU Yes, SCU Yes, SCU Yes, SCU


No No No No


Yes Yes Yes Yes


Yes Yes Yes Yes


Yes Yes Yes Yes

IHE profiles supported IHE (SWF, PIR, CPI, PGP, PDI, charge posting, ED) as acquisition modality actor









IMAGE PROCESSING Standard or optional Standard Standard Standard Standard Recommended postprocessing workstation

Vital Images Vitrea2 ViTAL Images Vitrea2 ViTAL Images Vitrea2 CMS, Focal SIM and/or ViTAL Images Vitrea2


Yes Yes Yes Yes





27; 25 short couch 27; 25 short couch 27; 25 short couch 27; 25 short couch


3.83 x 5.6; 3.83 x 5 short couch

3.83 x 5.6; 3.83 x 5 short couch

3.83 x 5.6; 3.83 x 5 short couch

3.83 x 5.6; 3.83 x 5 short couch

POWER REQUIREMENTS 200 VAC, 50/60 Hz, 3-phase

200 VAC, 50/60 Hz, 3-phase

200 VAC, 50/60 Hz, 3-phase

200 VAC, 50/60 Hz, 3-phase







$1,400,000-1,700,000 $1,600,000-2,000,000 $600,000-$800,000 $900,000-1,200,000


1 year/200,000 rotations 1 year/200,000 rotations 1 year/200,000 rotations 1 year/200,000 rotations

Delivery time, ARO 90 days 90 days 90 days 90 days Training with purchase 1 week at Toshiba, 1 week

at site, 1 week follow-up 1 week at Toshiba, 1 week at site, 1 week follow-up

1 week at Toshiba, 1 week at site

1 week at Toshiba, 1 week at site, 1 week follow-up

Remote diagnostics Yes Yes Yes Yes Cooling requirements (including tube)

Not specified No No No



Year first sold 2003 2003 2002 2005 Number of installations Not specified Not specified Not specified Not specified Fiscal year April to March April to March April to March April to March






OTHER SPECIFICATIONS Cerebral blood-flow analysis system; quantitative bone-mineral analysis; CT fluoro; full DICOM feature set; pediatric scanning; SureStart Contrast Tracking; SureScan Real-Time Imaging; volume-rendered 3-D; ECG gating; cardiac scoring; cardiac function analysis; SureCardio Imaging; auto vessel measurement; perfusion; 32 recordable voice commands; 378 programmable protocols; ImageMaker Kit (marketing resource); Multiview MPR; AutoFilm; AutoSend; AutoArchive; RealEC Dose Reduction; SureSubtraction Neuro CTA Subtraction; SureCardio Prospective Low-Dose Cardiac Exam; Viable Helical Pitch; SureCardiac Scoring.

Cerebral blood-flow analysis system; quantitative bone-mineral analysis; CT fluoro; full DICOM feature set; pediatric scanning; SureStart Contrast tracking; SureScan Real-Time Imaging; volume-rendered 3-D; ECG gating; cardiac scoring; cardiac function analysis; SureCardio Imaging; autovessel measurement; perfusion; 32 recordable voice commands; 378 programmable protocols; ImageMaker Kit (marketing resource); Multiview MPR; AutoFilm; AutoSend; AutoArchive; RealEC Dose Reduction; SureSubtraction Neuro CTA Subtraction; SureCardio Prospective Low-Dose Cardiac Exam; Viable Helical Pitch; SureCardiac Scoring.

Cerebral blood-flow analysis system; quantitative bone-mineral analysis; CT fluoro; full DICOM feature set; pediatric scanning; SureStart Contrast Tracking; SureScan Real-Time Imaging; volume-rendered 3-D; ECG gating; cardiac scoring; cardiac function analysis; SureCardio Imaging; autovessel measurement; perfusion; 32 recordable voice commands; 378 programmable protocols; ImageMaker Kit (marketing resource); Multiview MPR; AutoFilm; AutoSend; AutoArchive; RealEC Dose Reduction; SureSubtraction Neuro CTA Subtraction.

Cerebral blood-flow analysis system; quantitative bone-mineral analysis; CT fluoro; full DICOM feature set; pediatric scanning; SureStart Contrast Tracking; SureScan Real-Time Imaging; volume-rendered 3-D; ECG gating; cardiac scoring; cardiac function analysis; SureCardo Imaging; autovessel measurement; perfusion; 32 recordable voice commands; 378 programmable protocols; ImageMaker Kit (marketing resource); Multiview MPR; AutoFilm; AutoSend; AutoArchive; RealEC Dose Reduction.

UMDNS CODE(S) 15955, 15956, 16899, 18443, 20161

15955, 15956, 16899, 18443, 20161

15955, 15956, 16899, 18443, 20161

15955, 15956, 16899, 18443, 20161


Supplier Footnotes

Model Footnotes

Data Footnotes




MODEL TOSHIBA TOSHIBA TOSHIBA Aquilion ONE Aquilion Super4 Asteion Super4

WHERE MARKETED Worldwide Worldwide Worldwide

FDA CLEARANCE Yes Yes Yes

CE MARK (MDD) Yes Yes Yes

TYPE Dynamic volume CT Multislice helical Multislice helical Number of slices acquired simultaneously

16 cm volume 4 4


160 32 32


0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5,6, 8 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 8 (all x 4); 10 x 2

0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 (all x 4)


Not specified Not specified


0.35, 0.375, 0.4, 0.45, 0.5, 0.6, 0.75, 1, 1.5

0.5, 0.75, 1, 1.5, 2, 3 0.75, 1, 1.5, 2, 3


NA 0.4 Not specified




Not specified FC90 FC90

0% MTF, lp/cm Not specified 21.4 21.4 10% MTF, lp/cm Not specified 14.8 14.8 50% MTF, lp/cm Not specified 11.8 11.8

Slice sensitivity profile Not specified FWHM of SSP at 0.5 mm

Not specified 0.5 mm (±20%) 0.5 mm (±20%)

FWHM of SSP at 1 mm Not specified 1.0 mm (±20%) 1.0 mm (±20%) FWHM of SSP at 2 mm Not specified 2.0 mm (±20%) 2.0 mm (±20%)


Not specified 4 mm at 0.3% at 21 mGy 4 mm at 0.3% at 18.9 mGy


<0.5% <0.5% <0.5%

Noise kernel (i.e., body) Not specified FC11 FC11
















Low-dose axial cardiac Standard Not specified Not specified Perfusion imaging Standard Not specified Not specified Extended coverage perfusion

Yes, 16 cm standard Not specified Not specified

Coverage, cm 16, in single rotation Not specified Not specified Dual-energy acquisition Not specified Not specified Not specified

GANTRY Gantry tilt, ° ±22 ±30 ±30 Gantry dimensions, H x W x D, cm

243 x 107 x 203 195 x 233 x 96 176 x 197 x 89

Gantry weight, kg 2,700 1,750 1,300 Gantry aperture, cm 72 72 72 Scan localizer Laser Laser Laser

X-RAY TUBE Heat storage, MHU 7.5 7.5 4 Heat dissipation rate, kHU/min

1,386 maximum 1,386 maximum 864 maximum

Tube cooling Oil/air Oil/air Oil/air Tube focal spots, mm 1.6 x 1.4, 0.9 x 0.8 (IEC


1.6 x 1.4, 0.9 x 0.7 (IEC standard)



Maximum mA Not specified 500 400 Maximum scan time at maximum mA, sec

Not specified 100 100

X-RAY GENERATOR kW output 72 60 48 kVp range 80, 100, 120, 135 80, 100, 120, 135 80, 120, 135 mA range Not specified 10-500; 10-50 in 5 mA

steps, 50-500 in 10 mA steps

10-400 in 10 mA steps


Vertical, cm 12.9-38.9 in 31-94.4 30-85 Longitudinal, cm Not specified 219 219

Scannable range, cm 200 180 180 Maximum load capacity without restrictions, kg (accuracy, mm)

300 (not specified) 205 (±0.25) 205 (not specified)









X,Y and ECG modulation Z Z


Yes Yes Not specified

Prospective ECG gating Yes Yes Yes Retrospective ECG editing

Yes Yes Not specified


Yes Yes Yes

Maximum heart rate Not specified No No Arrhythmia correction Yes Yes No



Standard Optional Optional

Auto vessel mapping Standard Optional Optional Quantification Standard Optional Optional Ventricular output Standard Optional No Myocardial evaluation Standard Optional No Lung nodule assisted reading


Lung nodule CAD Optional Optional Optional Lung function analysis Optional Optional Optional Respiratory gating Optional Not specified Not specified Virtual colonoscopy assisted reading


Virtual colonoscopy CAD Optional Optional Optional Vessel analysis (noncardiac)


Brain perfusion Standard including 4D CTDSA

Optional Not specified

Z-axis coverage for brain perfusion

16 cm volume 32 mm 20 mm






Auto bone removal Standard Optional Optional Body perfusion Standard Optional Optional Highest achievable temporal resolution

Not specified 40 ms 375 ms

Other One-beat cardiac, ultra-low dose acquisition with automated arrhythmia rejection




Computer CPU 2 Intel Quad Core Xeon processors

32-bit processor x 2 Not specified

Scan FOVs, cm 18, 24, 32, 40, 50 18, 24, 32, 40, 50 18, 24, 32, 40, 50 Reconstruction matrices 512 x 512 512 x 512 512 x 512 Maximum reconstruction rate, (512 x 512), ips

As low as 10 sec per volume

Up to 6 Up to 4

Per slice, sec Volume scanner 0.17 0.25 Real-time partial image reconstruction

Volume scanner 12 fps 12 fps

No. of online images 800,000 32,000 (512 x 512) 16,000 (512 x 512) Archival storage 9.4 GB DVD-RAM DL 4.8 GB, 2.6 GB MOD 4.8 GB, 2.6 GB MOD Image sharing Not specified Not specified Not specified

SYSTEM INTEGRATION DICOM Yes Yes Yes


Yes Yes Yes


Yes, SCU No No


No No No

Modality worklist SCU Yes Yes Yes Query/retrieve SCU and SCP

Yes Yes Yes


Yes Yes Yes


Yes Yes Yes

IHE profiles supported IHE (SWF, PIR, CPI, PGP, PDI, charge posting, ED) as acquisition modality actor

IHE (SWF, PIR, CPI, PGP, PDI) as acquisition modality actor

IHE (SWF, PIR, CPI, PGP, PDI) as acquisition modality actor






IMAGE PROCESSING Standard or optional Standard Standard Standard Recommended postprocessing workstation

ViTAL Images Vitrea fX standard

ViTAL Images Vitrea2 ViTAL Images Vitrea2


Yes Yes Yes



DICOM 3-D image export Yes Yes Yes


27, plus 12 for equipment room

27; 25 short couch 22; 20 short couch


Site specific 3.83 x 5.6; 3.83 x 5 short couch

3.83 x 5.6; 3.83 x 5 short couch

POWER REQUIREMENTS 380, 400, 420, 440, 460 or 480 VAC, 50/60 Hz, 3-phase

200 VAC, 50/60 Hz, 3-phase

200 VAC, 50/60 Hz, 3-phase






$3,777,846 $700,000-800,000 $500,000-700,000

System warranty 1 year 1 year 1 year X-ray tube warranty, prorated

Not specified 1 year/200,000 rotations 1 year/150,000 rotations

Delivery time, ARO 90-120 days 90 days 90 days Training with purchase 3 weeks 1 week at Toshiba, 1 week

at site 1 week at Toshiba, 1 week at site

Remote diagnostics Yes Yes Yes Cooling requirements (including tube)

No No No



Year first sold 2007 1999 1998 Number of installations Not specified Not specified Not specified Fiscal year April to March April to March April to March






OTHER SPECIFICATIONS Multifunctional dynamic volume CT scanner; performs routine multislice imaging and covers entire organs dynamically with lower radiation and less contrast dose; 16 cm coverage of 0.5 mm Quantum V detector acquires whole volumes of the entire brain, heart, and other organs in a single rotation.

Cerebral blood-flow analysis system; quantitative bone-mineral analysis; CT fluoro; full DICOM feature set; pediatric scanning; SureStart Contrast Tracking; SureScan Real-Time Imaging; volume-rendered 3-D; ECG gating; cardiac scoring; cardiac function analysis; SureCardio Imaging; autovessel measurement; perfusion; 32 recordable voice commands; 378 programmable protocols; ImageMaker Kit (marketing resource); Multiview MPR; AutoFilm; AutoSend; AutoArchive; RealEC Dose Reduction.

Cerebral blood-flow analysis system; CT fluoro; full DICOM feature set; pediatric scanning; SureStart Contrast Tracking; SureScan Real-Time Imaging; volume-rendered 3-D; ECG gating; cardiac scoring; 32 recordable voice commands; 504 adult, 144 pediatric programmable protocols; ImageMaker Kit; Multiview MPR; autovessel measurement.

UMDNS CODE(S) 15955, 15956, 16899, 18443, 20161

15955, 15956, 16899, 18443, 20161

15955, 15956, 16899, 18443, 20161

LAST UPDATED March 2008 March 2008 March 2008

Supplier Footnotes

Model Footnotes

Data Footnotes

Tomografo 128 Cortes Ecri y Costos

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