Tom Wilson, Department of Geology and Geography High resistivity stream channel gravels are...
-
Upload
ami-spencer -
Category
Documents
-
view
217 -
download
3
Transcript of Tom Wilson, Department of Geology and Geography High resistivity stream channel gravels are...
![Page 1: Tom Wilson, Department of Geology and Geography High resistivity stream channel gravels are delineated by the 250 ohm-meter contour Data acquired with.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051619/56649e535503460f94b4931c/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
High resistivity stream channel gravels are delineated by the 250 ohm-meter contour
Data acquired with constant a-spacing on a 2D grid.
![Page 2: Tom Wilson, Department of Geology and Geography High resistivity stream channel gravels are delineated by the 250 ohm-meter contour Data acquired with.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051619/56649e535503460f94b4931c/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Melted areas in permafrost
Constant a-spacing
![Page 3: Tom Wilson, Department of Geology and Geography High resistivity stream channel gravels are delineated by the 250 ohm-meter contour Data acquired with.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051619/56649e535503460f94b4931c/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Exploration depth remains constant and the measured variations in ground conductivity provide a view of relative variations in conductivity at the exploration depth
Profiling
Depth
![Page 4: Tom Wilson, Department of Geology and Geography High resistivity stream channel gravels are delineated by the 250 ohm-meter contour Data acquired with.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051619/56649e535503460f94b4931c/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Location of gravel deposits in a clay alluvium
Constant a-spacing
![Page 5: Tom Wilson, Department of Geology and Geography High resistivity stream channel gravels are delineated by the 250 ohm-meter contour Data acquired with.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051619/56649e535503460f94b4931c/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Tri-potential resistivity method
Can you compute the geometrical factors for these various electrode configurations?
-6a
3a
2a
![Page 6: Tom Wilson, Department of Geology and Geography High resistivity stream channel gravels are delineated by the 250 ohm-meter contour Data acquired with.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051619/56649e535503460f94b4931c/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Increase in apparent resistivity measured by the CCPP electrode array is actually an indicator of a low resistivity – perhaps water filled - fracture zone.
![Page 7: Tom Wilson, Department of Geology and Geography High resistivity stream channel gravels are delineated by the 250 ohm-meter contour Data acquired with.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051619/56649e535503460f94b4931c/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Case History
Resistivity Profiling Surveys on the Hopemont Farm in Terra Alta, WV
Survey performed by Eb Werner for Dr. Rauch
![Page 8: Tom Wilson, Department of Geology and Geography High resistivity stream channel gravels are delineated by the 250 ohm-meter contour Data acquired with.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051619/56649e535503460f94b4931c/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Survey was conducted for the City of Terra Alta to locate a water well.
From Werner and Rauch
![Page 9: Tom Wilson, Department of Geology and Geography High resistivity stream channel gravels are delineated by the 250 ohm-meter contour Data acquired with.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051619/56649e535503460f94b4931c/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
CCPP
CPPC
CPCP
The tri-potential resistivity response over an air-filled fracture zone.
Model data
From Werner and Rauch
![Page 10: Tom Wilson, Department of Geology and Geography High resistivity stream channel gravels are delineated by the 250 ohm-meter contour Data acquired with.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051619/56649e535503460f94b4931c/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
•The Terra Alta surveys conducted by Werner and Rauch employed measurements at three different a-spacings - 10ft, 20 ft and 40 ft.
•Lines were positioned to cross a photolineament and were from 250 to 500 feet in length.
•Readings were made at 10 foot intervals.
Things to avoid-
Conductive materials buried or in contact with the ground.
Buried telephone cables and metallic pipelines, fences, metallic posts and overhead power lines
![Page 11: Tom Wilson, Department of Geology and Geography High resistivity stream channel gravels are delineated by the 250 ohm-meter contour Data acquired with.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051619/56649e535503460f94b4931c/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
The apparent resistivity measurements made by Werner and Rauch were interpreted within the context of the tri-potential response predicted by the Carpenter model (see earlier figure).
“.. The present problem involves only the confirmation of the existence and exact location of a fracture zone mapped from other information. ”
“ … it is only necessary to locate anomalies characteristic of vertical discontinuities …”
“ … the graphic plots were inspected visually for those anomaly responses ..” Anomalous areas were plotted on location maps.
“Alignments of such anomalies at or near the location of the postulated fracture zone were accepted as confirmation of the existence of the fracture zone.
Interpretation approach
![Page 12: Tom Wilson, Department of Geology and Geography High resistivity stream channel gravels are delineated by the 250 ohm-meter contour Data acquired with.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051619/56649e535503460f94b4931c/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
40m20m10m3.7m
60mdepth
Midpoint
30m depth
15m depth
5.5m depth Exploration
Depth
Coil spacing
Sounding
EM34
EM31EM34
EM34
Surface
![Page 13: Tom Wilson, Department of Geology and Geography High resistivity stream channel gravels are delineated by the 250 ohm-meter contour Data acquired with.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051619/56649e535503460f94b4931c/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Northernmost site - site 1 (see earlier location map) Line 1 is highlighted in red below
From Werner and Rauch
![Page 14: Tom Wilson, Department of Geology and Geography High resistivity stream channel gravels are delineated by the 250 ohm-meter contour Data acquired with.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051619/56649e535503460f94b4931c/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
From Werner and Rauch
The anomaly around 100 feet is considered to be “data noise” The feature at 320 feet is interpreted to be the “fracture zone” response.
Note that this feature is not marked by highs in the CPPC and CPCP measurements
The 20 foot a-spacing profile reveals a more pronounced fracture zone anomaly at about 320 feet along the profile. The response suggests high reistivity
Line 1
N S
![Page 15: Tom Wilson, Department of Geology and Geography High resistivity stream channel gravels are delineated by the 250 ohm-meter contour Data acquired with.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051619/56649e535503460f94b4931c/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Red dots locate prominent “fracture zone” anomalies observed on all three a-spacings
From Werner and Rauch
The blue line indicates the probable location of a major fracture zone.
Given the 10 foot station spacing location of the zone is accurate to no more than ±5 feet
Line 1
Line 6
![Page 16: Tom Wilson, Department of Geology and Geography High resistivity stream channel gravels are delineated by the 250 ohm-meter contour Data acquired with.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051619/56649e535503460f94b4931c/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
From Werner and Rauch
Line 6
The fracture zone anomaly appears consistently on Line 6 at approximately 125 feet along the profile
The anomaly broadens as the a-spacing increases because electrodes in the array extend over the anomalous region at greater and greater distances from the array center point.
N S
![Page 17: Tom Wilson, Department of Geology and Geography High resistivity stream channel gravels are delineated by the 250 ohm-meter contour Data acquired with.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051619/56649e535503460f94b4931c/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Northernmost site - site 1 (see earlier location map) Line 1 is highlighted in red below
From Werner and Rauch