Li ht B A l M thLi ht B A l M thLight Brown Apple MothLight Brown Apple MothEpiphyasEpiphyas postvittanapostvittana ––EpiphyasEpiphyas postvittanapostvittana

TortricidaeTortricidaeThe California ExperienceThe California Experience

Tom SmithTom SmithCalifornia Department of California Department of pp

Forestry and Fire ProtectionForestry and Fire ProtectionForest Pest ManagementForest Pest Management

Life StagesLife Stages

ADULT

EGGS

LARVA

PUPAPUPA

BackgroundBackgroundBackgroundBackground Generalist Defoliator Generalist Defoliator

Native to AustraliaNative to AustraliaNative to AustraliaNative to Australia Multiple Generations Multiple Generations

Per YearPer YearPer YearPer Year Established in New Established in New

Zealand, New Zealand, New e d, Newe d, NewCaledonia, United Caledonia, United Kingdom and HawaiiKingdom and Hawaii

USDA Class A USDA Class A Quarantined PestQuarantined Pest

FRUIT

DAMAGE

Hosts (Selected Agricultural)Hosts (Selected Agricultural)Hosts (Selected Agricultural)Hosts (Selected Agricultural) KiwiKiwi AppleApple LicheeLichee MangoMango OliveOlive

ApricotApricot AlmondAlmond BlackberryBlackberry OliveOlive

PeachPeach PearPear

PlPl

BlackberryBlackberry BlueberryBlueberry BroccoliBroccoli

C bbC bb PlumPlum PotatoPotato PumpkinPumpkin

CabbageCabbage CarrotCarrot CeleryCelery

RadishRadish StrawberryStrawberry TomatoTomato

CitrusCitrus CornCorn GrapeGrape TomatoTomato GrapeGrape

Hosts (Selected Forests)Hosts (Selected Forests)Hosts (Selected Forests)Hosts (Selected Forests) AstersAsters AldersAlders Black LocustBlack Locust CedarCedar PoplarPoplarpp CypressCypress Douglas FirDouglas Fir FirsFirs HollyHolly LupinesLupines ManzanitaManzanita ManzanitaManzanita OakOak PinesPines RedwoodsRedwoods RedwoodsRedwoods

Dieback On A Monterey Pine In New Zealand

BackgroundBackgroundBackgroundBackground

In 2006 Traps WereIn 2006 Traps Were In 2006 Traps Were In 2006 Traps Were Set Around Set Around California LookingCalifornia LookingCalifornia Looking California Looking For The Light For The Light Brown Apple MothBrown Apple MothBrown Apple Moth Brown Apple Moth And None Were And None Were FoundFoundFoundFound

BackgroundBackgroundBackgroundBackground In March 2007 A In March 2007 A

RetiredRetiredRetired Retired Entomology Entomology Professor From Professor From The University Of The University Of California Found 2 California Found 2 I di id l I AI di id l I AIndividuals In A Individuals In A Light Trap In His Light Trap In His Back Yard InBack Yard InBack Yard In Back Yard In Berkeley, CA (The Berkeley, CA (The 11stst Report In North Report In North ppAmerica)America)

BackgroundBackgroundBackgroundBackground

Subsequent TrapSubsequent Trap Subsequent Trap Subsequent Trap Catches Found Catches Found Moths Throughout Moths Throughout The Central Coast The Central Coast Including Areas That Including Areas That H d B T dH d B T dHad Been Trapped Had Been Trapped The Previous YearThe Previous Year

Trap CatchesTrap CatchesTrap CatchesTrap Catches Trap Catches Found Trap Catches Found pp

Moths Throughout Moths Throughout The Central Coast The Central Coast Of CaliforniaOf CaliforniaOf CaliforniaOf California

Nursery Stock Was Nursery Stock Was Found InfestedFound InfestedFound InfestedFound Infested

Rapid Spread Rapid Spread Thought To Be By Thought To Be By Movement Via The Movement Via The Nursery TradeNursery Trade

BackgroundBackgroundBackgroundBackground The Governor And The Governor And

The State Department The State Department Of Food And Of Food And Agriculture DeclareAgriculture DeclareAgriculture Declare Agriculture Declare An EmergencyAn Emergency

A Task Force OfA Task Force Of A Task Force Of A Task Force Of Experts From Experts From Australia, New Australia, New Z l d A d Th UCZ l d A d Th UCZealand And The UC Zealand And The UC System Recommend System Recommend EradicationEradicationd c od c o

ConcernsConcerns

Huge Host Range And Potential Spread AndHuge Host Range And Potential Spread AndHuge Host Range And Potential Spread And Huge Host Range And Potential Spread And Impacts Throughout The USAImpacts Throughout The USA

ConcernsConcernsConcernsConcerns

Economic ImpactsEconomic Impacts Economic Impacts Economic Impacts Due To Quarantines Due To Quarantines Within The State, Within The State, Between States And Between States And With Other Nations With Other Nations (C d M i(C d M i(Canada, Mexico, (Canada, Mexico, The European The European Union)Union)Union)Union)

ConcernsConcernsConcernsConcerns

Potential IncreasedPotential Increased Potential Increased Potential Increased Use And Misuse Of Use And Misuse Of Pesticides By Pesticides By Homeowners On The Homeowners On The Fruits, Vegetables and Fruits, Vegetables and O t l I Th iO t l I Th iOrnamentals In Their Ornamentals In Their YardsYards

ConcernsConcernsConcernsConcerns

SeveralSeveral Several Several Rare And Rare And Endangered Endangered Plant Plant Genera Are Genera Are O ThO ThOn The On The Known Host Known Host ListListListList

ConcernsConcernsConcernsConcerns

Rare And EndangeredRare And Endangered Rare And Endangered Rare And Endangered Insects Could Be Insects Could Be Displaced Or Lose Displaced Or Lose Their Food Sources Their Food Sources That Are Among The That Are Among The K H t GK H t GKnown Host Genera Known Host Genera For The Light Brown For The Light Brown Apple MothApple MothApple MothApple Moth

ConcernsConcernsConcernsConcerns

Salmon SpeciesSalmon Species Salmon Species Salmon Species May Be Further May Be Further Impacted By The Impacted By The Increased Water Increased Water Temperatures Temperatures C d BC d BCaused By Caused By Defoliation Of Defoliation Of Riparian SpeciesRiparian SpeciesRiparian SpeciesRiparian Species

ConcernsConcernsConcernsConcerns Timber Industry Timber Industry yy

Concerns:Concerns: All California Timber All California Timber

Species On The Species On The Known Host ListKnown Host List

California TimberCalifornia Timber California Timber California Timber Lands Already Lands Already Suffering From Other Suffering From Other Exotic Pests (SOD And Exotic Pests (SOD And Pitch Canker)Pitch Canker)

ConcernsConcernsConcernsConcerns

Potential For IncreasedPotential For IncreasedPotential For Increased Potential For Increased Wildfire Fuel Loads, Wildfire Fuel Loads, Ladder Fuels and Spot Ladder Fuels and Spot Over FiresOver Fires

Control OptionsControl OptionsControl OptionsControl Options Do NothingDo Nothing

A i l S Wi h Ch i l P i idA i l S Wi h Ch i l P i id Aerial Spray With Chemical PesticidesAerial Spray With Chemical Pesticides Aerial Spray With BtAerial Spray With Bt

A i l S With Ph Di tiA i l S With Ph Di ti Aerial Spray With Pheromone DisruptionAerial Spray With Pheromone Disruption Ground SpraysGround Sprays

Twist Tie TechnologyTwist Tie Technology Twist Tie TechnologyTwist Tie Technology Attract And Kill MethodAttract And Kill Method Mass Release Of Sterile MothsMass Release Of Sterile Moths Mass Release Of Sterile MothsMass Release Of Sterile Moths Augmentation Release Of Native Egg ParasitoidsAugmentation Release Of Native Egg Parasitoids Search For Parasites/Predators In AustraliaSearch For Parasites/Predators In Australia Search For Parasites/Predators In AustraliaSearch For Parasites/Predators In Australia

Twist TiesTwist TiesTwist TiesTwist Ties Used In Used In

Isolated Sites Isolated Sites With Few Moth With Few Moth CatchesCatchesCatchesCatches

Ties Ties ImpregnatedImpregnatedImpregnated Impregnated With With PheromonePheromone

Large Number Large Number Needed Per SiteNeeded Per Site

Population ReductionPopulation ReductionPopulation ReductionPopulation Reduction

Mass TrappingMass Trapping Mass Trapping Mass Trapping To Locate High To Locate High Populations OfPopulations OfPopulations Of Populations Of The MothsThe MothsJudicious Use OfJudicious Use Of Judicious Use Of Judicious Use Of BtBtA A d KillA A d Kill Attract And Kill Attract And Kill MethodMethod

Aerial SpraysAerial SpraysAerial SpraysAerial Sprays Begun In Santa Cruz Begun In Santa Cruz

And MontereyAnd MontereyAnd Monterey And Monterey Counties In 2007 Using Counties In 2007 Using Mating Disruption Mating Disruption Pheromone FlakesPheromone FlakesPheromone FlakesPheromone Flakes

The World Comes To The World Comes To An End! An End! (Establishment Of The(Establishment Of The(Establishment Of The (Establishment Of The “Stop The Spray” “Stop The Spray” Campaign)Campaign)

Misinformation From Misinformation From Activists, The Internet Activists, The Internet And The MediaAnd The Media

Stop The Spray!Stop The Spray!Stop The Spray!Stop The Spray!

Stop The Spray!Stop The Spray!Stop The Spray!Stop The Spray!

The AntiThe Anti--Spray Folks Make NumerousSpray Folks Make Numerous The AntiThe Anti--Spray Folks Make Numerous Spray Folks Make Numerous Allegations:Allegations:Health ProblemsHealth Problems Health ProblemsHealth Problems

Bird KillsBird Kills Cancer and AutismCancer and Autism Death of BeesDeath of Bees Death of Monarch ButterfliesDeath of Monarch Butterflies

Other ClaimsOther ClaimsOther ClaimsOther Claims

State Officials Are In The Pay Of TheState Officials Are In The Pay Of The State Officials Are In The Pay Of The State Officials Are In The Pay Of The Chemical CompaniesChemical CompaniesThe Inert Ingredients Are The Real ThreatThe Inert Ingredients Are The Real Threat The Inert Ingredients Are The Real ThreatThe Inert Ingredients Are The Real Threat

Experimentation Of Untried Chemicals On Experimentation Of Untried Chemicals On H B iH B iHuman BeingsHuman Beings

International Conspiracy!International Conspiracy! People Demand Alternatives To The People Demand Alternatives To The

Spraying Of Aerial “Pesticides”Spraying Of Aerial “Pesticides”p y gp y g

Media Adds To The ConcernMedia Adds To The ConcernMedia Adds To The ConcernMedia Adds To The Concern

Newspapers And Newspapers And TV Report AntiTV Report Anti--Spray Spray Allegations As Allegations As The Truth AndThe Truth AndThe Truth And The Truth And Will Not Retract Will Not Retract MisinformationMisinformationMisinformationMisinformation

Distrust Of ScientistsDistrust Of ScientistsDistrust Of ScientistsDistrust Of Scientists State And Federal State And Federal

Scientists Are All Scientists Are All Lying And In League Lying And In League With The Agricultural With The Agricultural And ChemicalAnd ChemicalAnd Chemical And Chemical CompaniesCompanies

Scientists Are HidingScientists Are Hiding Scientists Are Hiding Scientists Are Hiding The TruthThe Truth

Yet Scientists Who Yet Scientists Who Agree With Protesters Agree With Protesters Are “Highly Are “Highly Respected”Respected”RespectedRespected

PoliticsPoliticsPoliticsPolitics Politicians Get Politicians Get

InvolvedInvolved Legislative HearingsLegislative Hearings Bills Proposed To Ban Bills Proposed To Ban

Any Treatment Any Treatment G B k DG B k D Governor Backs Down Governor Backs Down On Aerial SpraysOn Aerial Sprays

Counties DeclareCounties Declare Counties Declare Counties Declare Themselves To Be Themselves To Be Pesticide Free ZonesPesticide Free Zones

Courts InvolvedCourts InvolvedCourts InvolvedCourts Involved Courts In Courts In

SeveralSeveralSeveral Several Counties Order Counties Order A Stop ToA Stop ToA Stop To A Stop To Aerial Aerial Treatments Treatments Pending The Pending The Completion Of Completion Of AAAn An Environmental Environmental Impact ReportImpact ReportImpact ReportImpact Report

Change In PlansChange In PlansChange In PlansChange In Plans

The State DepartmentThe State Department The State Department The State Department Of Food And Of Food And Agriculture Moves Agriculture Moves Ahead With Twist Tie Ahead With Twist Tie Treatments, Sterile Treatments, Sterile M th R l A dM th R l A dMoth Release And Moth Release And Augmentation Of Augmentation Of Native Egg ParasitesNative Egg ParasitesNative Egg ParasitesNative Egg Parasites

Present SituationPresent SituationPresent SituationPresent Situation

Most Of TheMost Of The Most Of The Most Of The Public Is SatisfiedPublic Is Satisfied

Some Are Some Are Continuing In Continuing In Their Efforts To Their Efforts To Stop Any Stop Any Treatment Of Any Treatment Of Any SortSortSortSort

Present Present SituationSituation

Light Light BrownBrownBrown Brown Apple Apple Moth Moth Continues Continues To Spread To Spread IIIn In CaliforniaCalifornia

National Risk HighNational Risk Highgg

Moral To The StoryMoral To The StoryMoral To The StoryMoral To The Story

Be PreparedBe Prepared Be Prepared Be Prepared For A BacklashFor A Backlash

Educate The Educate The Public And The Public And The MediaMedia

Reach Out To Reach Out To Everyone And Everyone And Keep Them Keep Them InformedInformed