TOEFL (Structure) Revision Lesson before Mini-test 4 8 th grade Galina Polikhronidy Grammar school...
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Transcript of TOEFL (Structure) Revision Lesson before Mini-test 4 8 th grade Galina Polikhronidy Grammar school...
![Page 1: TOEFL (Structure) Revision Lesson before Mini-test 4 8 th grade Galina Polikhronidy Grammar school #40 Taraz, Kazakhstan.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062511/5519d445550346047c8b4d14/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
TOEFL (Structure)Revision Lesson before Mini-test 4
8th grade
Galina PolikhronidyGrammar school #40
Taraz, Kazakhstan
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Give definitions:A simple s-ce
A compound s-ce
A complex s-ce
consists of one clause.
consists of two independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunctions and or but.
consists of an independent clause (the main clause) and a dependent (subordinate) clause.
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Define the type of clause:• People need vitamins. (a simple s-ce)• The man took a vitamin pill because he had a cold. ( a complex s-ce: IC + AdvC)• The man took a vitamin pill, and he drank a glass of
orange juice. (A compound s-ce)• I didn’t realize that Nancy was there. (a complex s-ce: IC + NC)• Tom walked to his office, which is located on
Broadway, every day during the summer. (a complex s-ce: IC + AC)
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Clauses with There and It• There + • It + • It + • It + • It +
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Clauses with There and It• There + to be + subject. • It + to be + adjective + to V • It + to be + adverbial + Noun Clause • It + to be + noun + Adjective Clause • It + to take + time phrase + to V
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Give definitions: Incomplete Adj-ve Clauses
Incomplete Adverb Clauses
IncompleteNoun Clauses
modify a noun in another clause of thes-ce. AC usually begins with an AC marker.
consist of an AdvC-marker and, at least a subject and a verb.
begin with NC – markers. NC that are formed from statements begin with the NC – marker that. NC that are formed from yes/no questions begin with the NC – markers whether or if. Those formed from information questions begin with wh-words: where, when, what, etc.
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Put the marker in the correct column:Adjective Clauses Adverb Clauses Noun Clauses
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Put the marker in the correct column:Adjective Clauses Adverb Clauses Noun Clauses
Who Because That
Whom Since Whether
Whose Although If
Which Even though Where
That While When
Where If What
When Unless Why
When How
While How many
As How much
Since How old
Until
Once
Before
After
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Define the type of the highlighted clause:• This is the patient whom the doctor treated.• Art that is in public places can be enjoyed by
everyone.• Don’t put off going to the dentist until you
have a problem.• Because the speaker was sick, the program
was cancelled.• When the meeting will be held has not been
decided. • The weather announcer said that there would
be the thunderstorms. • This is what you need.
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Reduced AC and AdvC: Reduced AC
Notional Verb To be
Active Passive Noun Phrase Ving V3
Participial Appositive Phrases (Noun phrase)
Marker is reduced
Reduced AdvC
Notional verb To be
Active Passive
Ving V3 Adjective
Marker is NOT reduced
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Reduce the following AC and AdvC:• Minnesota, which joined
the Union in 1858, became the 32nd state.
• William and Mary College, which was founded in 1693, is the second oldest university in the United States.
• Buffallo Bill, who was a famous frontiersman, operated his own Wild West Show
• When astronauts are orbiting the Earth, they don’t feel the force of gravity.
• Although it had been damaged, the machine was still operational.
• Some people like to listen to music while they are studying.
!!! Reduced AdvC is NEVER used after because!!!
!!! AC & AdvC can only be reduced when the S of the Main Clause and the S of the Sub-te Clause are the SAME!!!
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Prepositional Phrases in the same meaning as Adverb Clauses:• Because of• Due to• On account of• In spite of• Despite• During
• Because/Since• Because/Since• Because/Since• Although/Even though• Although/Even though• When/While
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Change these AdvC into Prepositional Phrases:
• He chose that university because/since it has fine reputation.
• Visibility is poor today because/since the air is polluted.
• He enjoys motorcycle riding although/even though it is dangerous.
• Her father lived in England when/while he was a child.
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Check up:• He chose that university because of/due
to its fine reputation. • Visibility is poor today on account
of/because of air pollution.• He enjoys motorcycle riding in spite
of/despite the danger.• Her father lived in England during his
childhood.
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Vocabulary Revision. Find antonyms:1. Extra2. Solid3. Straight4. Remote 5. To weaken6. To survive7. Harmless8. Dense9. Shallow10. Natural
a) To strengthenb) Deepc) Necessaryd) Harmfule) Artificialf) Curvedg) Liquidh) Loosei) To diej) Close
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Vocabulary Revision. Find antonyms:1. - c Extra2. - g Solid3. - f Straight4. - j Remote 5. - a To weaken6. - i To survive7. - d Harmless8. -h Dense9. -b Shallow10. - e Natural
a) To strengthenb) Deepc) Necessaryd) Harmfule) Artificialf) Curvedg) Liquidh) Loosei) To diej) Close
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Match the pairs of synonyms:• Despite• Frontier• Primarily• To preserve• Face-to-face encounters• To struggle• On account of• Mature• Aircraft• Nearly
• Due to• Meetings in person• To fight• Almost• Border• In spite of• Plane• Mainly• Grown-up• To save
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Match the pairs of synonyms:• Despite• Frontier• Primarily• To preserve• Face-to-face encounters• To struggle• On account of• Mature• Aircraft• Nearly
In spite of Border Mainly To save Meetings in person To fight Grown – up Due to Plane Almost
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Name the geometric figures:
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Name the geometric figures: A triangle A square A circle
A curved line A straight line A rectangular
An oval A ring
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Insert the prepositions:• To depend …• To consist …• … addition …• To be known …• To be concerned …• To have an effect ….• … a clear night• To be … use• The struggle … survival
• To shine … the sunlight• A major impact …• To be … rest• To be concentrated …• An availability … sth• To talk … sb• To be interested …• … photographs• … age
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Insert the prepositions:• To depend on• To consist of• In addition to• To be known for• To be concerned with• To have an effect on• On a clear night• To be in use• The struggle for survival
• To shine in the sunlight• A major impact on• To be at rest• To be concentrated on• An availability of sth• To talk to sb• To be interested in• In photographs• With age
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Make a compound noun:• Rain• Every• Wide• Down• Smoke• Fire• Fortune• Upside• Water• Deep• Air
• tissue• jumpers• down• bow• way• spread• craft• where• teller• fighter• ward
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Make up a compound noun:• Rain• Every• Wide• Down• Smoke• Fire• Fortune• Upside• Water• Deep• Air
• tissue• jumpers• down• bow• way• spread• craft• where• teller• fighter• ward
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Using prefixes make the following words negative:
• … understood• … believable• … expensive• … agreement• …conception• … dependent• …aided
• Misunderstood• Unbelievable• Inexpensive• Disagreement• Misconception• Independent• Unaided
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Word formation. Form the new parts of speech from the given words:
Verb Noun• React• Resemble• Discover• Invent• Survive• Require• Preserve• Specialize
Noun Noun• Design• Mobile• Tour• Leader• Sponsor
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Word formation. Form the new parts of speech from the given words:
Verb Noun
• React - reaction• Resemble - resemblance• Discover - discovery, discoverer• Invent - invention, inventor• Survive - survival• Require - requirement• Preserve - preservation• Specialize – specialist,
specialization
Noun Noun• Design - designer• Mobile - mobility• Tour – tourism, tourist• Leader - leadership• Sponsor - sponsorship
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Word formation. Form the new parts of speech from the given words:
Noun Adjective
• Absence• Science• Poison• Resident• Colour• Picture• Fertility
• Industry• Necessity• Commerce• Allergy• Flower• Convenience• Money
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Word formation. Form the new parts of speech from the given words:
Noun Adjective
• Absence - absent• Science - scientific• Poison - poisonous• Resident - residential• Colour - colourful• Picture – picturesque• Fertility - fertile
• Industry- industrial• Necessity - necessary• Commerce -commercial• Allergy - allergic• Flower - flowering• Convenience – convenient• Money- monetary
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Do the Mini-test 4.• I variant : 1 - d3 - d5 - b7 - c9 - b11 - a13 - c15 - a17 - a19 - a
• II variant:2 - c4 - a6 - d8 - d10 - a12 - d14 - c16 - b18 - a20 - a