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10/7/13 10:09 AMSoal TOEFL Structure and Written Expression dan Bahasan - Pusat TOEFL

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Soal TOEFL Structure and Written Expression dan Bahasan

Contoh keadaan ujian TOEFL Structure and Written Expression

Sesi Structure and Written Expression mempunyai dua tipe, PART A - Stucture dan PartB - Written Expression. Pada umumnya Anda mempunyai 25 menit untukmengerjakan soal pada sesi ini. Jumlah soal sebanyak 40 buah.

Apa yang diujikan?

Sesi kedua, disebut juga sebagai sesi grammar, menguji kecakapan Anda terhadapstandar formal aturan penulisan/grammar bahasa Inggris. Banyak aturan dapatberterima dalam percakapan (spoken) tapi tidak dalam penulisan (written). Andaharus menggunakan cara yang paling ekonomis (hemat waktu) dan matang (denganbaik) dan strategi yang terbaik dalam menjawab semua soal dalam sesi ini.

Skill apa yang harus Anda persiapkan?

Anda harus betul-betul mengetahui aturan grammar yang benar dengan baik agarAnda dapat dengan cepat mengetahui jawaban mana yang tidak sesuai dengangrammar yang formal.

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Pendekatan apa yang harus Anda gunakan untuk menjawab soal Part A -Structure?

- Ketahuilah bahwa petunjuk soal meminta Anda mengenali standar penulisanbahasa Inggris yang formal.

- Ketahuilah bahwa Anda akan memilih satu jawaban yang paling benar untukmelengkapi jawaban. Boleh saja diantara beberapa jawaban bisa melengkapi kalimattapi hanya ada satu yang paling benar.

Untuk pertanyaan Part A, Anda harus:

1. Membaca semua kalimat, dan mencoba memasukkan pilihan jawaban yangtersedia. Misal masukkan terlebih dahulu pilihan jawaban A.

2. Jika jawaban A tidak benar, cobalah untuk memikirkan kenapa tidak benar.

3. Jika Anda sudah mengetahui kenapa jawaban A salah maka silahkan lanjut kepilihan B, C, dan D.

4. Jika masih saja tidak yakin, cobalah untuk mengingat rumus dari kalimat tersebut.

5. Jika Anda tidak bisa mendapatkan jawaban yang paling benar, eliminasilahterlebih dahulu jawaban-jawaban yang jelas salah dan cobalah untuk menebak.

Contoh:

During the Daytona 500, the lead car ___________, leaving the others far behind.

A. forwarded rapidly

B. advanced rapidly

C. advanced forward rapidly

D. advanced in a rapidly manner



Analisa soal: Hal yang pertama Anda lakukan yaitu mencoba memasukkan jawabanA pada soal. Anda dapat mengetahui bahwa jawaban A salah karena kalimat soalmembutuhkan kata kerja sementara jawaban A tidak memiliki kata kerja. Jika Andayakin bahwa kata kerja advanced pada jawaban B sudah sesuai untuk mengisi kalimatdi atas maka Anda tidak perlu lagi ke pilihan C dan D. Tapi jika anda kurang yakinAnda boleh lanjut ke pilhan C. Anda melihat bahwa jawaban C berlebih-lebihankarena terdapat dua kata yang mepunyai makna sama. Advance telah bermakna moveforward (maju). Sementara jawaban D kata rapidly (adverb) sebelum manner (noun)harusnya rapid (adjective) untuk membentuk suatu phrase (gabungan kata) yangbenar. Ingat rumus (Adjective + Noun) bukan (Adverb + Noun).

Pendekatan apa yang harus Anda gunakan untuk menjawab soal Part B -Written Expression?

- Lagi, ingatlah bahwa Anda sedang mencari penulisan bahasa Inggris yang benar.

- Ingatlah bahwa Anda sedang mencari kata atau frasa (gabungan kata) yang salah,yang mesti diubah agar kalimat menjadi benar.

Untuk pertanyaan Part B, Anda harus:

1. Membaca seluruh kalimat soal.

2. Jika Anda tidak menemukan jawaban yang salah dengan cepat. Maka ingatlahrumus-rumus yang Anda telah pelajari dan pastikanlah pilihan-pilihan jawabanyang benar.

Contoh Soal I:

In the united states, there are much holidays throughout the year.



A B C D

Analisa jawaban: Ketika Anda membaca kalimat secara keseluruhan Anda dapatmengetahui dengan cepat bahwa much tidak sesuai dengan kata holidays. Muchmenandakan uncountable noun (benda tak bisa dihitung) sementara holidays denganjelas merupakan kata benda yang bisa dihitung (countable noun).

Contoh Soal II:

Tomatoes grows all year long in Florida

A B C D

Analisa jawaban: Jika Anda menjawab dengan terburu-buru, hanya dengan melihatpilihan jawaban Anda bisa sja terkecoh dan memilih jawaban A dengan asumsibahwa tomatoes (plural/jamak) harusnya tomato (singular/tunggal) karena kata kerjagrows berbentuk tunggal. Tapi jika Anda membaca seluruh kalimat Anda akanmendapati bahwa konteks kalimat tidak mendiskusikan tentang satu tomat. Olehnyajawaban yang Anda pilih yaitu jawaban B. Grows seharusnya grow.

Strategi Menjawab Soal TOEFL Structure and Written Expression

Bacalah seluruh kalimat

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Ingatlah untuk menerapkan aturan-aturan grammar yang benar

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Eliminasi jawaban yang jelas salah (Part A) atau benar (Part B)



Akhir kata, semoga soal TOEFL Structure and Written Expression dan bahasan dibawah ini dapat meningkatkan skor TOEFL Anda.

Section 2 — Structure and Written Expression

This section is designed to measure your ability to recognize language that isappropriate for standard written English. There are two types of questions in thissection, with special directions for each type.

Structure

Directions: Questions 1–4 are incomplete sentences. Beneath each sentence you willsee four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one word or phrase thatbest completes the sentence. Then, on your answer sheet, find the number of thequestion and fill in the space that corresponds to the letter of the answer you havechosen.

Look at the following examples:Example I

Geysers have often been compared to volcanoes _______ they both emit hot liquidsfrom below the Earth's surface.

A. due toB. becauseC. in spite ofD. regardless ofThe sentence should read, "Geysers have often been compared to volcanoes becausethey both emit hot liquids from below the Earth's surface." Therefore, you shouldchoose answer B.

Example II

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During the early period of ocean navigation, ________ any need for sophisticatedinstruments and techniques.

A. so that hardlyB. where there hardly wasC. hardly wasD. there was hardlyThe sentence should read, "During the early period of ocean navigation, there washardly any need for sophisticated instruments and techniques." Therefore, youshould choose answer D.

Now begin work on the questions.

1. The North Pole___________ a latitude of 90 degrees north.A. it hasB. is havingC. which is havingD. has

2. The city of Beverly Hills is surrounded on ________ the city of Los Angeles.A. its sidesB. the sides areC. it is the side ofD. all sides by

3. ________ greyhound, can achieve speeds up to thirty-six miles per hour.A. TheB. The fastestC. The fastest dogD. The fastest dog, the

4. Marmots spend their time foraging among meadow plants and flowers or ________on rocky cliffs.A. gets sunB. sunning



C. the sunD. sunny

5. The greenhouse effect occurs ________ heat radiated from the Sun.A. when does the Earth’s atmosphere trapB. does the Earth’s atmosphere trapC. when the Earth’s atmosphere trapsD. the Earth’s atmosphere traps

6. The Rose Bowl, ________ place on New Year’s Day, is the oldest postseasoncollegiate football game in the United States.A. takesB. it takesC. which takesD. took

7. Experiments ________ represent a giant step into the medicine of the future.A. using gene therapyB. use gene therapyC. they useD. gene therapy uses

8. ________ off the Hawaiian coastline are living, others are dead.A. While some types of coral reefsB. Some types of coral reefsC. There are many types of coral reefsD. Coral reefs

9. Nimbostratus clouds are thick, dark gray clouds ________ forecast rain.A. whatB. whichC. what theyD. which they

10. Some economists now suggest that home equity loans are merely a new trap topush consumers beyond ________.



A. they can affordB. they can afford itC. what is affordableD. able to afford

11. People who reverse the letters of words ________ to read suffer from dyslexia.A. when tryingB. if they triedC. when triedD. if he tries

12. Featured at the Henry Ford Museum ________ of antique cars dating from 1865.A. is an exhibitB. an exhibitC. an exhibit isD. which is an exhibit

13. Rubber ________ from vulcanized silicones with a high molecular weight isdifficult to distinguish from natural rubber.A. is producedB. producingC. that producesD. produced

14. ________ appears considerably larger at the horizon than it does overhead ismerely an optical illusion.A. The MoonB. That the MoonC. When the MoonD. The Moon which

15. According to the World Health Organization, ________ there to be an outbreak ofany of the six most dangerous diseases, it could be cause for quarantine.A. wereB. they wereC. there were



D. were they

Written Expression

Directions: In questions 5–10, each sentence has four underlined words or phrases.The four underlined parts of the sentence are marked A, B, C and D. Identify the oneunderlined word or phrase that must be changed in order for the sentence to becorrect. Then, on your answer sheet, find the number of the question and fill in thespace that corresponds to the letter of the answer you have chosen.

Look at the following examples:

Example IGuppies are sometimes call rainbow fish because of the males' bright colors A B C D

The sentence should read, "Guppies are sometimes called rainbow fish because of themales' bright colors." Therefore, you should choose answer A.

Example IIServing several term in Congress, Shirley Chisholm became an important UnitedStates politician. A B C D

The sentence should read, "Serving several terms in Congress, Shirley Chisholmbecame an important United States politician." Therefore, you should choose answerB.

Now begin work on the questions.

16. On the floor of the Pacific Ocean is hundreds of flat-topped mountains more thana mile A B C D



beneath sea level.

17. Because of the flourish with which John Hancock signed the Declaration ofIndependence, A his name become synonymous with signature. B C D

18. Segregation in public schools was declare unconstitutional by the Supreme Courtin 1954. A B C D 19. Sirius, the Dog Star, is the most brightest star in the sky with an absolutemagnitude about A B twenty-three times that of the Sun. B D

20. Killer whales tend to wander in family clusters that hunt, play, and restingtogether. A B C D

21. Some of the most useful resistor material are carbon, metals, and metallic alloys. A B C D

22. The community of Bethesda, Maryland, was previous known as Darcy's Store. A B C D



23. Alloys of gold and copper have been widely using in various types of coins. A B C D

24. J. H. Pratt used group therapy early in this century when he brought tuberculosispatients A B C together to discuss its disease. D

25. The United States has import all carpet wools in recent years because domesticwools are A B C too fine and soft for carpets. D

26. Irving Berlin wrote "Oh How I Hate to Get Up in the Morning" while serving in aU.S. Army A B C during World War 1. D

27. Banks are rushing to merge because consolidations enable them to slash theirscosts A B C and expand. D



28. That water has a very high specific heat means that without a large temperaturechange A B water can add or lose a large number of heat. C D

29. Benny Goodman was equally talented as both a jazz performer as well as aclassical A B C D musician. D

30. The state seal still used in Massachusetts designed by Paul Revere, who alsodesigned A B C the first Continental currency. D

31.Quarter horses were developed in eighteenth-century- Virginia to race on coursesshort of A B about a quarter of a mile in length. C D

32. No longer satisfied with the emphasis of the Denishawn School, Martha Grahamhas moved A B C D



to the staff of the Eastman School in 1925. 33. William Hart was an act best known for his roles as western heroes in silent films. A B C D

34. Prior to an extermination program earlier this century, alive wolves roamedacross nearly all A B C D of North America.

35. During the 1960s the Berkeley campus of the University of California came tonational A B attention as a result its radical political activity. C D

36. Artist Gutzon Borglum designed the Mount Rushmore Memorial and worked onproject from A B 1925 until his death in 1941. C D

37. It is proving less costly and more profitably for drug makers to market directly topatients. A B C D



38. Sapphires weighing as much as two pounds have on occasion mined. A B C C

39. Like snakes, lizards can be found on all others continents except Antarctica. A B C D

40. Banks, savings and loans, and finance companies have recently been doing homeequity A B loans with greater frequency than ever before. C D

Pembahasan Jawaban:

Untuk Part A -Structure kami tidak membahasnya melalui postingan ini mengingatakan sangat membutuhkan waktu yang tidak sedikit untuk menaganalisa soal ataupilihan jawaban satu persatu. Hanya saja Anda dapat melihat sedikit pembahasanuntuk Part B - Written Expression. Jika Anda ingin menanyakan pembahasan terkaitsoal-soal tertentu Anda boleh bergabung ke grup facebook Belajar Grammar TOEFL(UIN Alauddin Makassar).

Part A - Structure

DDDB CCAA BCAA DBA

Part B - Written Expression + Pembahasan

16. B - are --> masuk dalam kategori Inversion. Subjek kalimat adalah hundreds offlat-topped mountains.

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17. C - became --> signed (past) paralel dengan became (past) bukan become(present)

18. B - was declared --> Passive Voice (Be + VIII)

19. A - the brightest star --> Ingat aturan Comparison degree -Supelative

20. C - rest --> Hunt, play, and rest together (Harus paralel)

21. C - materials --> kata kerjanya are jadi butuh subjek yang plural. Some of ...material menandakan plural

22. B - previously --> known berbentuk sebagai adjective. (Adv + Adj).

23. C - used --> have been + VIII

24. D - their --> their merujuk ke patients

25. A - imported --> has + VIII

26. C - the --> in the U.S. Army

27. C- their --> their + Noun. Thiers + Noun

28. D - amount --> heat menandakan uncountable noun. Amount (untuk uncountablenoun) dan number (untuk countable noun)

29. C - and --> (both + and)

30. B - was designed by --> butuh kata kerja (was)

31. B - short courses --> (Adjective + Noun) bukan (Noun + Adjective)

32. D - moved --> terdapat tahun di kalimat. Maka perlu kata kerja simple past(moved) bukan has moved (past perfect)

33. A -actor --> kalimat bermaksud pelakunya (actor)

34. C - live --> alive terletak dibelakang kalimat. Live (adjective) + Noun

35. C - result of --> result + of (berpasangan)



36. B - the project --> on the project (frasa yang sudah umum)

37. B - profitable --> costly (adjective) --> profitable (adjective). Harus paralel.Profitably (adverb)

38. D - been mined --> have been + VIII

39. C - other --> other + noun. Others + Noun

40. B - making --> pelajari perbedaan do dan make

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