Today’s Warm Up

Turn in your homework. Grab a textbook then answer the

following question in your notes. Be ready to discuss: Think about the differences

between yourself and your parents/guardians in terms of rights and equality. Are minors equal to adults? What rights do young people want that adults have?

RECONSTRUCTION

TODAY’S LEQ: HOW DID RECONSTRUCTION CHANGE THE U.S.?

Rebuilding the Nation…

Magnet Strategy: The War Ends Complete a magnet strategy for the

subsection, “Total War Forces the South to Surrender” on pages 120-121. Step 1: Write down 5 key words or

phrases from the text. Step 2: Trade with your shoulder partner

and write a summary using the key words and phrases he/she selected.

Be ready to share!

Problems the Nation Faced after the Civil War The Civil War ended in 1865 with the Union

(North) winning. After the Civil War, the North and the

South had to be rejoined. The South was devastated and had to be

rebuilt. 2/3 of the South’s shipping industry was

destroyed 9,000 miles of railroad tracks were destroyed Southern farms were destroyed and/or the

property value greatly decreased.

What is Reconstruction?

Reconstruction was the controversial plan to rebuild the nation after the devastation of the Civil War.

Impact on Freed Slaves

13th Amendment - passed in 1865; abolished slavery 4 million African Americans were freed from slavery after the Civil War

Reconstruction offered a huge opportunity to provide freedom and equality to African Americans

Lincoln’s Plan for Reconstruction 10% Plan

10% of white men to swear allegiance to the Union, and accept emancipation of slaves

Former confederates could run local governments

Lincoln is assassinated; VP, Andrew Johnson, takes over task of rebuilding the nation

Presidential Reconstruction

The first plan for rebuilding the nation was known as Presidential Reconstruction

President Johnson was a democrat from the South Formerly condemned slavery but had no

concern for former slaves Radical Republicans disagreed with Johnson’s

plan Think: How might President Johnson’s personal

experience have impacted his ideas for Reconstruction? (Video Clip)

Presidential Reconstruction

Lenient, rapid, and involved little change Granted amnesty to former Confederates who signed loyalty oath

Restored all property, except slaves and confiscated lands

Ratified 13th amendment: abolished slavery

Cancelled war debt

Problems with the Plans of Lincoln & Johnson

Freedmen had no role in either plan & no guarantee of rights!

Brainstorm…

In your notes, list five things ex-slaves probably wanted to do with their freedom. Be ready to share!

What ex-slaves wanted with their freedom…

To travel freely Right to own land / economic

independence Find and reunite with relatives Right to an education Equality; freedom from prejudice

Add these to your notes if they weren’t on your list.

Southern Hardships

Freed Slaves (Freedmen) New life in poor economic area

Homeless Hungry Unemployed

Southern Hardships

Plantation Owners Loss of slave labor Land was often seized by the government

Southern Hardships

Poor White Southerners Competing against freedmen for jobs

Many migrated to Mississippi and Texas for jobs

Plantation Life Changes

Freedman now have choice – to stay or to leave

Plantation owners now have to pay salaries for labor

Freedmen’s Bureau

Developed to help former slaves

Provided food, schools, legal help, etc.

Unpopular with many white southerners

Vetoed by Johnson

Text Rendering Activity

Step 1: Using the text rendering process, compare the goals of the Freedmen’s Bureau to the goals of President Johnson’s Amnesty Proclamation.

Step 2: Think, Pair, Share

How did President Johnson’s Amnesty Proclamation hinder the Freedmen’s Bureau?

Step 1

Independently, identify 1 sentence, 1 phrase, and 1 word you feel is particularly significant for each document.

Step 2

Divide your poster paper into 3 sections and label them accordingly: Freedmen’s Bureau President Johnson’s Amnesty Proclamation Comparison

Compare the sentences, phrases, and words you picked for each document. In 1 or 2 sentences, summarize the goal of each document. In the comparison section, answer the following

question: How did President Johnson’s Amnesty Proclamation hinder the Freedmen’s Bureau?

Resistance to Reconstruction

Southern states legislatures found ways to resist ReconstructionPassed Black Codes- laws intended to restrict the freedom & opportunities of African Americans.

Here is an edited example of one of the Black Codes:

The Black CodesNow that the slaves have become emancipated, it is necessary to pass regulations that preserve public order. These regulations must also preserve the comfort and correct behavior of the former slaves. Therefore, the following rules have been adopted with the approval of the United States military authorities who have commanded this area.1) Every Negro is required to be in the regular service of some white person or former owner, who shall be held responsible for the conduct of that Negro.2) No public meetings or congregations of Negroes shall be allowed after sunset. Such public meetings may be held during the day with the permission of the local captain in charge of the area.3) No Negro shall be permitted to preach or otherwise speak out to congregations of colored people without special permission in writing from the government.4) Negroes may legally marry, own property and sue and be sued in a court of law.5) Negroes may not serve on juries.6) A Negro may not testify against a white person in a Court of Law.7) It shall be illegal for a Negro or a person of Negro descent to marry a white person.8) No Negro shall be permitted outside in public after sundown without permission in writing from the government. A Negro conducting business for a white person may do so but only under the direct supervision of his employer.9) No Negro shall sell, trade, or exchange merchandise within this area without the special written permission of his employer.10) No Negro who is not in the military service shall be allowed to carry firearms or any kind or weapons of any type without the special written permission of his employers.

Black Code Sample

Resistance to Reconstruction

Fifteenth Amendment gave African Americans the right to vote; Southern states resisted with:Poll TaxesLiteracy Tests

Grandfather Clause protected poor white Southerners

Activity: 1965 Alabama Literacy Test

Resistance to Reconstruction Fourteenth Amendment

made former slaves citizens; made Black Codes illegal

South resisted by implementing Jim Crow Laws – “separate but equal”

A Northern Journalist's Perspective

“The whites seem wholly unable to comprehend that freedom for the negro means the same thing as freedom for them. They readily enough admit that the Government has made them free, but appear to believe that they still have the right to exercise over him the same old control.”

-Sidney Andrews, Atlantic Monthly, 1866

Further Resistance in the Form of Terror Groups

White Brotherhood Knights of the White Camelia Ku Klux Klan

Swore that they were “opposed to negro equality, both socially and politically.”

Terrorized blacks & white Republicans Tactics including burning black schools,

attacking Freedmen’s Bureau officials, and even murder.

Video Clip

Homework: Take Fives OR Magnets

You have a choice. You may complete a Take Five Summaries OR Magnet Strategies (w/paragraph summary) on the two readings provided: “Black Codes” “The Klu Klux Klan”

Dragons aren’t real. Do your homework… One summary for each…