Today’s Schedule – 05/07/10

• Turn in Supreme Court Case Analysis• 28.5 Vocab Check• 28.5 PPT: The Movement Take a New Turn• HW:– 29.3 Timeline– Study for Ch. 28 Quiz

• Warm-Up: Do you think there is a continued need for the Civil Rights Movement to exist today?

Introduction

• Despite the passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 many African Americans faced economic and social discrimination

• Began to lose patience with the slow change• Created a divide in the Civil Rights Movement– Nonviolent protest– Militant protest

Malcolm X

• Malcolm Little was the son of a Baptist preacher in Nebraska

• His father was a follower of Marcus Garvey and often preached support of the Garvey Movement

• After Malcolm’s father died at a young age he turned to crime in face of moving around

• At the age of 20 he spent seven years in jail for burglary and while there joined the Nation of Islam

Nation of Islam

• Group of African American Muslims– Also called Black Muslims

• Views of the organization– White society was oppressive– Black separation– Self-help

Black Nationalism• Belief in separate identity and racial unity of

African Americans• Malcolm changed his last name to X and

became a minister for the Nation of Islam

Opposition to Integration• Malcolm X rejected the Civil Rights Movement• He viewed it as begging of the white man• He could not understand why any African

American would want to join white society

Change of Heart

• In 1964 Malcolm X took a pilgrimage to Mecca• He was deeply affected by join worshiping of

various races– Changed his views on separatism

• When he returned to the U.S. he began to work with whites and civil rights leaders– This created many enemies for him• In February of 1965 he was shot at a rally by a member of

the Nation of Islam

Black Power Movement

• Stokely Carmichael rose to power in the SNCC• Became frustrated of nonviolence movement

after being repeatedly beaten during protests• Began to encourage SNCC members to carry

guns for self-defense• Worked toward making the membership of

the group entirely black• Coined the phrase “black power”

Black Panthers

• Founded in 1966 by Bobby Steale and Huey Newton

• Wanted– US government to clean up ghettos– African Americans to create separate communities

• Often engaged in direct confrontation with authorities

• Followed the say: “power flows from the barrel of a gun”

• “Black is Beautiful”– Phrase generated by the Black Panthers to create

racial pride

Rioting

• De jure segregation– Segregation by law

• De facto segregation– Segregation by social conditions (i.e. poverty)

• Frustration over continued segregation despite new laws led to a series of riots– The most violent occurred in Watts, California

Watts Riots

• August 11, 1965– Police pulled over an African American for drunk driving– The man began to resist arrest– Officers began swinging batons– A gathering crowd reacted and six days of rioting

followed • Burning cars and stores• Looting stores • 34 people died

– Set off a series of riots over the next two years with the slogan “burn, baby burn”

Assassination of MLK

• April of 1968– Martin Luther King, Jr. is assassinated in Memphis,

Tennessee • Subsequent riots resulted in the death of 50 people

across the nation

– Initially James Earl Ray is convicted of killing MLK• He confessed and then recanted three days later

• Other theories– In the late 1990s investigations began to look at

whether the US government was involved in MLK’s assassination • On grounds that he was communist

– It was found that the FBI had been wiretapping King– All FBI surveillance of King has been ordered sealed

in the National Archives until 2027

Assassination of Robert Kenney• After JFK’s murder Robert had taken up his

brother’s causes– Spoke out against the Vietnam War– Reached out to minorities

• Announced his plans to run for president in 1968• At a Democratic fundrasing dinner at a hotel in LA

Robert was killed by anti-Zionist Sirhan Sirhan– Angry at Robert’s support of Israel– He is currently serving a life sentence in a CA prison