Naming Type I, Type II, Type III and Type IV Compounds

Naming Acids

Today’s Plan

#’s 37,38,51,53,60,72-74

Ionic compounds (monatomic cations & anions)

Examples – ◦Li2O = lithium oxide◦AlN = ???

Type I

Ionic compounds (variable charge cations and monatomic anions)

Examples – ◦CuCl = copper (I) chloride◦PbS = ???

Type II

Same as Type I and Type IV except you have to indicate what charge the variable charge ion has!

For example:◦ FeO = iron (II) oxide (or ferrous oxide)◦ Fe2O3 = iron (III) oxide (or ferric oxide)

◦ SnH2 = tin (II) hydride (or stannous hydride)

◦ SnBr4 = tin (IV) bromide (or stannic bromide)

Type II – Variable Charge

Covalent compounds with only nonmetals

Key… these are not compounds of ions! That is why the rules are so different.

Examples – ◦P3O5 = triphosphorus pentoxide

◦SO = ???

Type III

Number of atoms Prefix

1 mono-

2 di-

3 tri-

4 tetra-

5 penta-

6 hexa-

Prefixes!

Never use “mono” at the beginning of the compound name, if there’s only 1 of the first atom no prefix is necessary.

If the vowel at the end of the prefix plus the vowel at the start of the element name is awkward, (e.g. mono- and oxide) the vowel on the prefix gets dropped. (monoxide, tetroxide)

Some TYPE III tips…

1. Name 1st element: nitrogen

2. Name 2nd element like an anion: oxide

3. Use prefixes to denote numbers of atoms◦ 1 nitrogen: if only 1 of the first atom, no prefix◦ 1 oxygen: mono-

◦nitrogen monoxide

Name NO

1. Name the first element using the element name: boron

2. Name the second element as if it were an anion: fluoride (instead of fluorine)

3. Use prefixes to denote numbers of atoms:◦ 1 boron: if only 1 of the first atom, no prefix◦ 3 fluorine: tri-

◦boron trifluoride

Name BF3

Ionic compounds (polyatomic ions–mostly anions)

Examples – ◦K2SO4 = potassium sulfate

◦(NH4)2CO3 = ???

Type IV

Charge practice: http://www.chemfiles.com/flash/polyions1.html

Name/formula practice: http://www.chemfiles.com/flash/polyions.html

(Really tough ion/compound practice: http://www.chemfiles.com/flash/polyatomic_ions.html)

Two super awesome websites for polyatomic ion practice!

Acids = molecules that produce H+ ions in water

First recognized for the sour taste of their solutions: e.g. citric acid in lemons and limes is responsible for that sour taste

An acid is an anion with one or more H+ cations bonded to it that it can let go of when dissolved in water.

Acid Naming (our last type!)

If the anion does NOT contain oxygen…

HCl1. Use the prefix hydro- and the suffix –ic after the “root” of the anion:

chloride

hydrochloric acid

How do you know it’s an acid?

Acid Naming Rule #1

If the anion does NOT contain oxygen…

HCN1. Use the prefix hydro- and the suffix –ic after the “root” of the anion:

cyanidehydrocyanic acid

Is it an acid if it’s not dissolved in water?

More Practice…Acid Naming Rule #1

Acids are ionic compounds beginning with H that dissolve in water to form a solution that we call an acid.

They are not often found/used in their solid form so we prefer to name them as acids in their solution form.

Remember…

If the anion DOES contain oxygen…H2SO4

2. Take the root name of the central anion and add a suffix:

-ic when the anion ends in –ate-ous when anion names in –ite

hydrogen sulfate should be called… …sulfuric acid

Acid Naming Rule #2

If the anion DOES contain oxygen…HNO2

2. Take the root name of the central anion and add a suffix:

-ic when the anion ends in –ate-ous when anion names in –ite

hydrogen nitrite should be called… …nitrous acid

Acid Naming Rule #2

If the anion DOES contain oxygen, but isn’t a simple “-ate” or an “-ite”…

Acid Naming Rule #3

perchloric acidchloric acid

hypochlorous acid

chlorous acid

perchloratechloratechlorite

hypochlorite

HClO4

HClO3

HClO2

HClOper - used for anions with one

more oxygen than an ‘-ate”

hypo - used for anions with one less oxygen than an ‘-ite”

If the anion DOES contain oxygen, but isn’t a simple “-ate” or an “-ite”…

More Practice…Acid Naming Rule #3

perbromic acidbromic acid

hypobromous acid

bromous acid

perbromatebromatebromite

hypobromite

HBrO4

HBrO3

HBrO2

HBrOper - used for anions with one

more oxygen than an ‘-ate”

hypo - used for anions with one less oxygen than an ‘-ite”

Acid Naming Summary

Ex’s: HF, HS, HN Ex’s: HNO3,HNO2,HNO, HNO4

NO Oxygen

Always:

Hydro[anion root]icacid

CONTAINS Oxygen

What is the key anion? How many oxygens

does it have compared to the “-ate” or “-ite”?

(prefix)[anion root](suffix)

acid

hydrofluoric acid, hydrosulfuric acid, hydronitric acid nitric acid, nitrous acid,

hyponitrous acid, pernitric acid