Today's People, Tomorrow's Prosperity: Reviving Growth in Central and West Asia

8/9/2019 Today's People, Tomorrow's Prosperity: Reviving Growth in Central and West Asia

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Tewowo c Ctas}b o Ie`}tjh j`m Sey} Jyoj

]amjy ^ea~he(

]afattasy tay~eto}


2/44


3/44

::

I

e`}tjh j`m Sey} Jyoj< bafe a }be Yohk

Tajm j`m o}y boy}atoi fetibj`} ij~o}jhy

a Dukbjtj j`m Yjfjtkj`m( Betj}( j`m

Kjybcjt; a }be et}ohe ehmy a }be Getcj`jWjhhe; j`m a }be fj` iuh}utey a }be Ijuijyuy.

]be tecoa` oy toib o` mowetyo}.

J`m luy} jy }boy tecoa` aìe laoèm moy}j`} j`m

mowetye ~ea~hey o` j`}ozuo}( o}y ia`èi}oa`y jte

deo`c tewowem }a ma }be yjfe jcjo`. ]be Ie`}tjh

Jyoj Tecoa`jh Eiaàfoi Iaa~etj}oa` "IJTEI/

~tactjf dto`cy }ace}bet Jcbjòy}j`( J|etdjolj`(

}be êa~hey Te~udhoi a Ibo`j( Kj|jkby}j`(

}be Ktc| Te~udhoi( Fa`cahoj( ]jlokoy}j`( j`m

U|dekoy}j` }a duohm }tj`y~at} ho`ky( eìautjce

ès }tjme( j`m ~tafa}e eètc yeiuto} j`m

eioeì.

Sbete ijtjwj`yetjo aìe y}aam( }bete jte às

ès }tjmo`c tau}ey j`m aut&y}jt ba}ehy sehiafo`c

}autoy}y taf jhh awet }be sathm( yjy Luj` Fotj`mj(

motei}at ceètjh at JMDy Ie`}tjh j`m Sey} Jyoj

Me~jt}fe`}.

@ejth 4> ejty yoìe fj` a }beye iau`}toey

efetcem taf }be iahhj~yo`c Yawoe} Uòa`( JMD

ia`}oùey }a beh~ }bef teduohm j`m teatf wo}jh

yetwoiey j`m o`tjy}tui}ute.

O` 4>>?( JMD j~~tawem -9 dohhoa` o` he`mo`c

}a Jcbjòy}j`( Jtfeòj( J|etdjolj`( Ceatcoj(

Kj|jkby}j`( }be Ktc| Te~udhoi( ^jkoy}j`(

]jlokoy}j`( ]utkfeòy}j`( j`m U|dekoy}j`.

O` U|dekoy}j`( ~ea~he jte }utò`c }tjmo}oa`jh

itj}yfj`ybo~ o`}a ~ta}jdhe e`}et~toye so}b yfjhh

O@]TAMUI]OA@

J de}}et tajm JMD yu~~at}em}be ia`y}tui}oa` a }boy tajm(taf Doybkek o` }be àt}b }aAyb o` }be yau}b a }be Ktc|Te~udhoi. ]be ]aa&Jybuu ~jyyybas` bete fjkey }tuiko`ccaamy }btaucb }be fau`}jo`yejyoet j`m ibej~et

j`m foita`jìe ctj`}y. O` J|etdjolj`( j aam

fo}ocj}oa` ~talei} bjy itej}em j yjet e`wota`fe`}

at fate }bj` 4>>(>>> ~ea~he.

O` Jcbjòy}j`( haj`y }a}jho`c -::> fohhoa`

bjwe beh~em duohm j fadohe ~baè è}satk(

teia`èi}o`c moy~hjiem jfohoey j`m ho`ko`c

duyoèyy asèty }a oàtfj}oa`. O` }be Ktc|

Te~udhoi( of~tawem emuij}oa` oy beh~o`c y}ume`}y

~te~jte at j mefj`mo`c o`}et`j}oa`jh eiaàf.

JMD jhya ~tawomey efetceì jyyoy}jìe. Yoìe

^jkoy}j`y ejt}bzujke a 4>>5( JMD bjy satkem

bjtm }a beh~ }be woi}ofy teduohm }beot howey.

Ewetsbete ès tajmy j`m tjohy jte dto`co`c

~ea~he }ace}bet. Aè tecoa`jh tjohsj ~talei}sohh ia`èi} Fj|jt&e&Ybjto o` Jcbjòy}j` so}b

Bjotj}j` ejt }be U|dek datmet( j`m ewe`}ujhh

er}e`m o`}a jkoy}j` j`m ]jlokoy}j`. J tajm

~tactjf o` Jtfeòj sohh ho`k o}y yau}bet` j`m

àt}bet` tecoa`y( ia`èi}o`c }a tjohsjy o`

Ceatcoj j`m o}y Dhjik Yej ~at}y.

JMD a~eèm j teyome`} foyyoa` o` Ceatcoj o`

4>>?( 4 ejty j}et o} laoèm JMD( j`m bjy jhya

luy} j`àuìem o} sohh a~e` j teyome`} foyyoa` o`

]utkfeòy}j`.

So}b beh~ taf }beye j`m a}bet teyome`} foyyoa`y(

JMD j`m o}y meweha~o`c fefdet iau`}toey jte

mtowo`c o`}ectj}oa` j`m eiaàfoi ctas}b o` }be

tecoa`.

]be Yohk Tau}e jsjkey j`m }tjme oy daafo`c( yjy

Fotj`mj.


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O` 4>>?( Yjdabj} Jmo|awj( 9>( sj`}em }a er~j`m bet deju} yjha` o` Dukbjtj( du} ybe èemem doccet ~tefoyey o` j de}}et

haij}oa`. Bet buydj`m sjy yu~~at}owe( du} so}bau} j fat}cjce at iahhj}etjh( j dj`k haj` sjy au} a }be zuey}oa`. ]be

meiomem }a yeek jmwoie taf bet ju`}( Fjbdudj Ybamoewj.

Deyomey tu`ò`c bet as` yuiieyyuh ia`y}tui}oa` duyoèyy( Ybamoewj sjy j fefdet a }be Dukbjtj Duyoèyy Safj`

Jyyaioj}oa` "DDSJ/ j`m j haijh jce`} at Ufom "ba~e/ Itemo} Uòa`( }be yeia`m hjtcey} o` U|dekoy}j`. Ybamoewj beh~em

bet òeie lao` fate }bj` =(>>> a}bet fefdety a Ufom( j`m j haj` sjy zuoikh jttj`cem. Jmo|awj j}}e`mem DDSJ }tjoò`c

yefo`jty a` bas }a tu` j yfjhh duyoèyy j`m bas }a mtjs u~ j ~ta~et duyoèyy ~hj`. ]beye yefo`jty oìhumem o`}etji}owe

Yfjhh ctj`}y }btaucb itemo} uòa`y o`

U|dekoy}j` jte }tj`yatfo`c tutjh safe`

o`}a e`}te~teèuty( of~tawo`c a} a`h }beot

oìafey du} jhya }beot a~~at}uò}oey

D Ljfey Bu}iboya`

Doc Of~ji}

Yfjhh Ctj`}y Itej}e

DUKBJTJ( U\DEKOY]J@

4


5/44

99

Y f j h h C t

j ` } y I t e j } e

j ihoe`}y bjot. J`m }be }tjoò`c tejhh beh~em f ia`meìe. Ybe

bjy jhtejm er~j`mem èr} maat j`m y}jt}em j semmo`c mteyy te`}jh

duyoèyy.

Yjdabj} deè}em taf }be hecji a }be JMD ~talei} ]tjoò`c a

Safe` E`}te~teèuty o` Dukbjtjaè a 99 yfjhh ~talei}y a

de}see` -:>(>>> }a -4>(>>> j ejt u`mem u`met JMDy -25>(>>>

Ce`met j`m Meweha~fe`} Oò}oj}owe. ]be oò}oj}owe ~tawomem yeemfaè }a à`cawet`fe`} atcjò|j}oa`y yuib jy DDSJ.

]btejmy o`}a cahm Efdtaomet oy iaffa` o` }tjmo}oa`jhU|dek bj`moitj}y. @utba` Otcjybewj bjy }utèm }boy ~oeiea bet beto}jce o`}a j }btowo`c duyoèyy. Bet bj`m&yesÙ|dek utòybo`cy so}b cahm efdtaomet jte }be èy}jtau`m( j`m ya ~a~uhjt }bj} ybe as bjy 3> ef~haeey }abeh~ bet fee} mafey}oi j`m o`}et`j}oa`jh mefj`m

eretioyey( so}b }tjoèty ~hjo`c }be tahe a dj`ko`c

aiety ya dattasety sauhm à} de o`}ofomj}em

sbe` }be se`} }a }be dj`k at }be ty} }ofe.

Deju} j`m }be DuyoèyyO` Jucuy} 4>>?( Yjdabj} a~eèm }be maaty }a bet

ès deju} yjha` o` }be La`mat moy}toi} a Dukbjtj

Io}. Ybe ijhhem o}Djbat

( sboib fej`y y~to`c oÙ|dek. ]amj( bet yba~ oy ya duy ybe bjy botem

jà}bet bjotmteyyet.

So}bau} }be Duyoèyy Safj`

Jyyaioj}oa` j`m beh~ taf }be itemo}

uòa`( O sauhm bjwe fjme yafe doc

foy}jkey( yjy Yjdabj}( jy ybe y}hey


6/44

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Ibjot~etya` a da}b DDSJ j`m }be Jyyaioj}oa` a Itemo} Uòa`y(

Mohdjt Jkbfemawj( yjom }bj} de}see` 4>>> j`m 4>>3( }be famey}ctj`}ybjwe tej~em doc teyuh}y d }tjoò`c uèf~haem safe`

o` tutjh jtejy j`m beh~o`c bu`mtemy a safe` koik&y}jt} ès

duyoèyyey.

@j}oa`jhh( }be DDSJ bjy 5(>>> fefdety( sba bjwe itej}em awet

3>(>>> lady j`m }tjoèm awet 4=(>>> safe`. ]be Dukbjtj dtjìb bjy

}tjoèm 3>> safe` }btaucb yefo`jty j`m satkyba~y( so}b 2>% a

}bef y}jt}o`c }beot as` duyoèyy.

Se ma`} luy} aget safe` iau`yeho`c a` bas }a y}jt} j duyoèyy(

Jkbfemawj yjy. ]be jhya èem }a kàs bas }a ad}jo` haj`y taf

dj`ky( j`m satk so}b }be hjdat aie( }be Ibjfdet a Iaffetie(

j`m haijh iaffuò} atcjò|j}oa`y.

O`y~oto`c Eriehheìe@utba` Otcjybewj itej}ey }be èy} bj`m&yes` }tjmo}oa`jh U|dek

cahm&efdtaometem utòybo`cy jwjohjdhe. O` 4>>4( bet 4&ejt&ahm

duyoèyy sjy }btowo`c. Atmety oìhumem j co} at U|dekoy}j` ^teyome`}

Oyhjf Kjtofaw }a ~teye`} }a UY ^teyome`} Ceatce Duyb muto`c j

woyo} }a }be Sbo}e Bauye }bj} ejt. So}b }be oìtejye o` duyoèyy( }be

==&ejt&ahm fa}bet a }btee mey~etj}eh èemem j 9&ejt haj` a :

fohhoa` U|dek yuf "jdau} -75>/ }a du tjs fj}etojhy }a er~j`m bet

duyoèyy j`m bote fate satkety.

Du} Otcjybewj bjm à itemo} teiatm at j fat}cjce(

j`m ya iaffetiojh dj`ky teuyem }a he`m }a bet. Jtoe`m yuccey}em ybe ia`}ji} Mohdjt Jkbfemawj

j} DDSJ. Deijuye itemo} uòa`y y~eiojho|e o` ybat}&

}etf haj`y( Jkbfemawj ~u} Otcjybewj o` }auib

so}b }be haijh hjdat aie( sboib j~~tawem }be

haj`. Of~teyyem d }be kàshemce j`m è}satk

ia`}ji}y a DDSJ( Otcjybewj laoèm j`m dattasy

tecuhjth taf }be Ufom Itemo} Uòa`.

Ey}jdhoybem d := DDSJ fefdetyo` :??3( Ufom oy

às }be doccey} a yewe` itemo} uòa`y o` Dukbjtj

adhjy}"~tawoìe/. DDSJy aiey jte a` }be yeia`m

aat a }be itemo} uòa` duohmo`c( sboib itemo}

uòa` fefdety ~jom at so}b itemo} uòa` u`my.

O`y}ejm a sjo}o`c u~ }a j fa`}b at j ybat}&}etf(

9& }a 7&fa`}b haj` taf }be dj`k( O ij` ce} f

j~~hoij}oa` j~~tawem tocb} jsj d }be itemo}

uòa`( Otcjybewj yjom. @as ybe bjy satk taf

}be Tuyyoj` At}bamar Ibutib j`m teieowey atmety

taf a}bet iau`}toey( oìhumo`c at efdtaometem

iut}jo`y at j Gteìb ijy}he. Ybe bjy 3> ef~haeey

j`m fj` ~teet }a satk taf bafe( jhya

deè}o`c taf j ~teyome`}ojh teyahu}oa` fjko`c

Fejyuto`c yuiieyy JMD jofem }a bjwe 7>> safe` lao` }be Ufom Itemo} Uòa`. Awet :(>>> mom. ]be itemo} uòa` j`m }be Dukbjtj Duyoèyy Safe`yJyyaioj}oa` jte ho`ko`c }beye safe` }a }be teyautiey j`m }tjoò`c }be eem }a ey}jdhoyb yuiieyyuh duyoèyyey j`m ejt` fate faè


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}bef eref~} taf }jrey }a eìautjce yuib

bafe&djyem duyoèyyey at safe`.

Otcjybewj j}}e`mem DDSJy }tjoò`c yefo`jty at

safe` e`}te~teèuty( u`mem d }be JMD ~talei}(j`m jmwoyey a}bet safe` sba sj`} }a y}jt} }beot

as` duyoèyyey. Bet buydj`m( Amoh Jkb}jfaw( oy

~taum a bet. O jf ya huik }a bjwe j yu~~at}owe

buydj`m sba O ij` moyiuyy ewet}bo`c so}b( ybe

yjy. ]sa a bet }btee ibohmte` jte as y}umo`c

o` ]jybke`} j`m bet mjucb}et sj`}y }a lao` }be

jfoh duyoèyy. So}b }be itemo} uòa` j`m }be

jyyaioj}oa`( jmwoie at faè oy luy} j ~baè ijhh

jsj( yjom Otcjybewj.

Jkbfemawj yjy }bj} aè a }be doc jmwj`}jceya

itemo} uòa`y oy jy} ~taieyyo`c. Iuy}afety ij` sjhk

jsj so}b haj`y o` ijyb o` : at 4 bauty. J fat}cjceat j bauye( j~jt}fe`}( at ijt }jkey 9 mjy. ]be

dj`k }jkey :> mjy j`m u~ }a 4 fa`}by }a ~taieyy

j haj`( ybe yjy.

Ysee} TesjtmySbe` bet buydj`m moem 9 ejty jca( Buybwjc}

Mlutjewj( =3( sjy jdhe }a ~tawome at bet we

ibohmte` so}b ~ta}y taf bet yeso`c duyoèyy j`m

~jy}t yba~( sboib iafdoèm ef~ha := ~ea~he.

Ybe ca} o`}a duyoèyy o` 4>>= j}et e`}te~teèut

}tjoò`c so}b DDSJ. ]be }tjoò`c cjwe fe }be ykohhy O èemem }a tu` j

duyoèyy( ybe yjom. Ybe oy as j DDSJ }tjoèt.

J doc ~tadhef o` tutjh jtejy( yjy Jkbfemawj(oy }bj} fj` safe`

jte ~aat j`m bjwe à yj o` bauyebahm dumce}y. ]be jte er~ei}em

}a y}jj} bafe( ya se yu~~at} safe` }a awetiafe }boy( ybe

yjy. ]se`} safe` jtfety o` aè moy}toi} sj`}em }a dattas

faè taf }be dj`k }ate`} hj`m at jtfo`c duyoèyyey( du} }bejfohhj`m }be sj`}em }a uye jy j fat}cjce hecjhh deha`cem }a

}beot buydj`my. ]be jhh jcteem }a ibj`ce }a lao`} asètybo~ j}et

se er~hjoèm }be ~tadhef.

Yjdabj} Kuhoewj( =2( a~eèm j ~jy}t yba~ :2 kohafe}ety taf

Dukbjtj o` 4>>:. Ybe bjy dee` }tjoò`c :?&ejt&ahm \eduòya( sba

cjwe a`h bet ty} `jfe( at 9 fa`}by o` }be ~jy}t duyoèyy. F

mtejf oy }a a~e` f as` ~jy}t yba~( yjy \eduòya. So}b }boy

}tjoò`c O ij` yee bas }a fjke o} j yuiieyy.

Kuhoewjy duyoèyy oy ctaso`c j`m ybe ij}ety at semmo`cy j`m y~eiojh

ewe`}y as. Safe` eem }be ko`m a kàshemce O hejtèm j} DDSJ

yefo`jty( ybe yjy. Se bjwe }a u`mety}j`m }be hjsy j`m bas }abj`mhe faè( j`m ~ta~eth mejh so}b maiufe`}y. JMD ~talei}y

yu~~at}o`c }tjoò`c sete wet of~at}j`}.

Itemo} Uòa` Jce`}y at Ibj`ce]be yeia`m ~bjye a JMDy ]tjoò`c a Safe` E`}te~teèuty o`

Dukbjtj decj` o` 4>>7. ]be Jce`}y @e}satk at Itemo} Uòa`y

o` Dukbjtj( j :4&fa`}b ~talei}( sjy ye} u~ }a }tjo` we DDSJ

fefdety jy itemo} uòa` jce`}y. ]be cajh sjy }a y~tejm }be satm

jdau} }be deè}y a itemo} uòa`y j`m foitaitemo} j`m }a j}}tji}

fate safeèy~eiojhh }baye o` oyahj}em tutjh iaffuò}oey. Gowe

jceìoey sete ye} u~ o` Dukbjtj( yafe o` tefa}e moy}toi}y sbete

jiieyy }a `jìojh yetwoiey sjy fay} èemem.

Safe` yehei}em at }tjoò`c sete jhh DDSJ fefdety so}b fate

}bj` :> ejty er~etoeìe. Fjbdudj Ybamoewj( 59( Yjdabj} Jmo|awjy

ju`} sba beh~em bet so}b bet deju} yjha`( sjy aè a }be jce`}y.

O` Fjtib 4>>7( j}et 4 fa`}by }tjoò`c d we itemo} uòa` er~et}y(

Ybamoewj j`m }be aut a}bety se`} }a satk o` }beot jyyocèm

moy}toi}y( bj`mo`c au} ijtmy( bahmo`c fee}o`cy( j`m ybaso`c womea

~teye`}j}oa`y. ]be ~talei} erieemem o}y cajh a tejibo`c 7>>

safe`< }baye yeeko`c oàtfj}oa` ysehhem }a =(:==. Awet :(>>> ès

fefdety laoèm Ufom jy j teyuh} a }be ~talei}.

O} oy j y}tucche }a jiiaffamj}e jhh }be safe` sba sj`} }tjoò`c(du} o} oy }be fay} of~at}j`} }bo`c se ij` ma }a of~tawe }be y}j}uy a

safe`( yjy Jkbfemawj. ]be }tjoò`c j`m }be ia`meìe o} dto`cy

fej`y }be ij yuiieem j} }beot duyo eyy.`

Y f j h h C t

j ` } y I t e j } e

^talei} Oàtfj}oa`

Ce`met j`m Meweha~fe`} Oò}oj}owey "4>>44>>5/

Go`jìo`c


8/44

7I

a`we`}oa`jh soymaf yjy ibohmte`

jdyatd jy fuib o` }be ty} 5 ejty a

hoe jy }be ma o` jhh }beot hj}et ejtyiafdoèm.

O` }be }o` Ktc| Te~udhoi wohhjce a Madahu(

basewet( }bete sjy ho}}he o` }be sj a y}ofuhj}oa`.

]be jmuh}y sete duy satko`cfay}h o` ij}}he

dteemo`cj`m }beot ~teyibaah&jcem ibohmte`

ceètjhh y}jem j} bafe so}b ctj`m~jte`}y at

jfoh toe`my.

$]be ho}}he komy o` }boy wohhjce sete deo`c tjoyem d

}be eocbdatbaam($ yjom Ibah~a`dek ]ohe`djew(

j` JMD emuij}oa` ~talei} iaatmo`j}at o` @jt`

moy}toi}. $O} sjy j ~ut~ayeheyy eroy}eìe at }bef.$

O` meijmey ~jy}( ibohmte` }btaucbau} }be Ktc|

Te~udhoi deè}em taf iaf~tebe`yowe ~teyibaah

o`y}o}u}oa`y }bj} agetem emuij}oa` at jhh. Du}

}be ejty ahhaso`c o`me~e`meìe o` :??: yjs

iu}djiky o` }beye ito}oijh jtejy( hejwo`c fj` ~aat

iaffuò}oey hoke Madahu }a e`m at }befyehwey.

$J}et }be dtejku~ a }be Yawoe} Uòa` }bete sjy

à}bo`c bete j} jhh($ yjom ]ohe`djew. $@a}bo`c.$

O`y~oto`c Ibohmte`

MADAHU( K_TC_\ TEÛDHOI

D boho~ Saam

Ejth ibohmbaam emuij}oa` ~tactjfy o` }be

Ktc| Te~udhoi jte of~tawo`c }be bejh}b(

ù}to}oa`( j`m ~yibayaiojh meweha~fe`} a

au`c ibohmte`

^teyibaahy< J Key}aè]boy hjik a atfjh ~teyibaah emuij}oa` jhya fej`}

}bj} ibohmte` sete heyy hokeh }a deè} taf }betj`ce a ù}to}oa` j`m bejh}b deè}y }bj} bjm aìe

dee` agetem j} yibaah. Geset yibaah fejhy j`m

offuò|j}oa`y bjm j ècj}owe of~ji}.O`4>>:( at

o`y}jìe( j` ey}ofj}em 3% a ibohmte` o` }be Ktc|

Te~udhoi sete fjhàutoybem( j`m}betesete bocb

oìomeìey a ejyoh ~tewe`}jdhe moyejyey.

O} sjy jcjo`y} }boy djikmta~ }bj} JMD o` 4>>9

j~~tawem }be -:>.5 fohhoa` Iaffuò}&Djyem

Ejth Ibohmbaam Meweha~fe`} ^talei} }a beh~ }be

cawet`fe`} of~tawe }be bejh}b( ù}to}oa`( j`m

~yibayaiojh meweha~fe`} a ibohmte` u~ }a 2

ejty a jce o` }be ~aatey} fau`}joàuy jtejy.

]be ~talei} }jkey j bahoy}oi j~~tajib}bj}efdtjiey

ibohm bejh}b j`m u}to}oa`( ejth meweha~fe`}

j`m ijte o` }be bafe( j`m }tjoò`c o` wohhjcey

j`m iaffuò}oey.

]be ~talei} oy cejtem }asjtm }be :4 ~aatey}

moy}toi}y o` }be iau`}t j`m bjy ey}jdhoybem yafe

9>> iaffuò}&djyem ko`metcjt}e`y. ]bj`ky }a

}be yibefe( ~teyibaah j}}e`mjìe bjy oìtejyem

7


9/44

3

^talei} Oàtfj}oa`

Iaffuò}&Djyem Ejth Ibohmbaam Meweha~fe`}

"4>>74>:>/

Go`jìo`c fohhoa ( Lj~j` Gu`m at âwet}

Temui}oa` "JMD/; -:>.5> fohhoa ( Jyoj` Meweha~fe`}

Gu`m "JMD/; -4.53 fohhoa ( Cawet`fe`} a }be Ktc|

Te~udhoi; -=>>(>>>( iaffuò}oey

mtjfj}oijhh. O` }be fom&:??>y( a`h 4.5% a

ibohmte` j}}e`mem ~teyibaah; }amj( }bj} cute

y}j`my j} 42%.

Jy sehh jy fjko`c u`my jwjohjdhe }a tebjdoho}j}e at

ia`y}tui} yibaah jioho}oey j`m duohm ~hjctau`my(

}be JMD ~talei} ~tawomey bejh}b j`m ù}to}oa`

yetwoiey j`m }ejibet }tjoò`c ~tactjfy.

E`cjco`c Y}ume`}y j`m jte`}y]be ès ko`metcjt}e` o` Madahu oy j ~tofe

erjf~he a }be ~tactjf o` ji}oa`.

Ma|e`y a tay&ibeekem ibohmte` mjt} jtau`m }be

yibaahjtm( ibjyo`c aè jà}bet j`m yijho`c }be

iahatuh j~~jtj}uy o` }be dtj`m ès ~hjctau`m.O`yome( dtocb} j`m sjtf ihjyytaafy jte hhem so}b

}be yau`m a cjfey j`m hjucb}et.

Ybehwey jte hoèm so}b wahufey a ibohmte`#y

ho}etj}utej`m }bete jte daaky a` ~jte`}o`c(

jy sehh.

^toìo~jh ]ak}adudu Ibakutawj yjy }be daaky

a` ~jte`}o`c jte j` o`}ectjh ~jt} a }be ~talei}

}bj} jofy }a }ejib jmuh}y jdau} wjtoauy jy~ei}y

O ` y ~ o t o ` c

a tjoyo`c o`j`}y( ejth ibohm emuij}oa`( ce`met

oyyuey( j`m bejh}b. Yafe :3(>>> ~jte`}y bjwe

}jke` iautyey o` }beye jtejy jy ~jt} a }be ~talei}.

]be ko`metcjt}e` bjy ibj`cem }be }er}ute

a hoe o` Madahu dea`m teiacò}oa`. ^jte`}y

yee j mogeteìe o` }beot ibohmte`( j`m }ejibety

a yuiieyyowe ctjmey ij` teiacò|e yoc`y a

jiiehetj}em meweha~fe`} jy sehh( yjy Ibakutawj.

$]be ctej}ey} eemdjik iafey taf }ejibety j} }be

ty}&ctjme heweh($ ybe yjom. $]be ij` offemoj}eh

y~a} j ibohm sba bjy dee` }btaucb aut ~tactjf

j`m j ibohm sba bjy`#}.$`

3

Y}jt}o`c ejth]be ~talei}}jkey j bahoy}oi j~~tajib }bj}efdtjiey ibohm bejh}b( ejthmeweha~fe`}( ijte o` }be bafe(j`m }tjoò`c o` wohhjcey


10/44

22

]btaucb j` emuij}oa` ctj`} taf JMD( }be Ktc| Te~udhoi

bjy tewo}jho|em o}y emuij}oa` yei}at( ~tawomo`c }be djyoiy

}bj} sohh ~te~jte y}ume`}y at caam lady j`m itej}o`c j ès

iuttoiuhuf }a tejm jhh yibaah ibohmte` at satk o` j

famet` eiaàf

D Kjjtfj`dek Kuhuew

te~jto`c Y}ume`}y

gat j Famet` Eiaàf

Dtjwe ès sathmJ es iaf~u}et ie`}et j`mhj`cujce&hejtò`c hjd o`}boy Ktc| yibaah jte cowo`cy}ume`}y j ibjìe }a iaf~e}e o`}amjy famet`( }eibàhacoijhhjmwjìem( j`m o`}et`j}oa`jheiaàf

2


11/44

?

Cuh`j| Efohdekawj oy j :>}b&ctjme ~udhoi

yibaah y}ume`} sba ba~ey }a deiafe

j` jot~at} moy~j}ibetyafeaè sba

iaffuòij}ey so}b ocb} itesy jdau}

yje} tecuhj}oa`y( sej}bet ia`mo}oa`y( j`m ocb}

~hj`y.

]a ma }bj}( ybe èemy }a jiboewe j iet}jo`

iaf~e}eì o` E`choyb.

O uyem }a hejt` E`choyb taf daaky( du} èwet

bejtm o} o` tejh hoe( yjy Cuh`j|( sba howey o` }be

àt}bet` ~jt} a }be Ktc| Te~udhoi. Se ma`}

bjwe ateocèty o` aut wohhjce.

Gat}u`j}eh at Cuh`j|( bet yibaah o` ^j`haw oy

jfa`c ?> }bj} deè} taf j` emuij}oa` ctj`}

taf JMD. So}b JMD jyyoy}jìe( }be yibaah bjy j

ès iaf~u}et ie`}et j`m hj`cujce hjdatj}at( jysehh jy of~tawem bej}o`c j`m hocb}o`c.

Ohhufo`j}o`c OmejyDjybawj ]j}oj`j( aè a }be ha`cey}&yetwo`c

}ejibety j} }be ^j`haw yibaah( meyitodey }be

~etoam deate }be ~talei} jy }be mjtk }ofey.

Ewe` hocb}o`c sjy j yetoauy oyyue at uy( yjy

]j}oj`j( sba oy }be teio~oe`} a j Yawoe}&etj jsjtm

at eriehheìe o` emuij}oa`. @as se bjwe }beye

uateyie`} hjf~y( sboib fjke tejmo`c ejyoet.

Muto`c }be ha`c so`}ety( y}ume`}y ij` iaìe`}tj}e

de}}et a` }beot y}umoey deijuye }be yibaah bjy

j ès bej}o`c yy}ef }bj} kee~y }bef sjtf.

J`m J`jtj( j :=&ejt&ahm at~bj`( j~~teioj}ey }be

ès moò`c bjhh duoh} o` bet at~bj`jce( sboib oy

j}}jibem }a }be yibaah.

]be yibaahy ès hj`cujce hjdatj}at oy j daa`

at y}ume`}y hoke Cuh`j|. Deate( so}b hofo}em

a~~at}uò}oey at hejtò`c E`choyb( ybe }baucb}

ybe focb} deiafe j ocb} j}}e`mj`}( du} às ybe

ij` jof at yafe}bo`c ybe `my fate ibjhhe`co`c.

O ij` bejt j`m ~tji}oie f E`choyb( ybe yjy.

Fawo`c j} }be Y~eem a KàshemceU`met }be Yeia`m Emuij}oa` ^talei}( JMD oy

jhya yu~~at}o`c }be Foòy}t a Emuij}oa` }a

fametò|e }be yibaah iuttoiuhuf; ~udhoyb ès

}er}daaky; j`m }tjo` }ejibety at yibaahy o` tutjh

jtejy j`m o` ~aat iaffuò}oey sbete yibaah

jioho}oey bjwe dee` ~aat j`m j}}e`mjìe has.

^J@GOHAW( K_TC_\ TEÛDHOI

^talei} Oàtfj}oa`

Of~tawo`c Jiieyy }a Zujho} Djyoi Emuij}oa` at

Ibohmte` so}b Y~eiojh @eemy "4>>34>>?/

Go`jìo`c< -:.> fohhoa ( Lj~j` Gu`m at âwet}

Temui}oa` ctj`} "JMD/

Yeia`m Emuij}oa` ^talei} "4>>34>>?/

Go`jìo`c< -:5.5 fohhoa ( Jyoj` Meweha~fe`} Gu`m

ctj`} "JMD/

]btaucb }boy fametò|j}oa`( cawet`fe`} aiojhy

ba~e }a ibj`ce }be e`}ote iaìe~} a emuij}oa` o`

}be iau`}t.

Se howe o` j sathm sboib oy ibj`cem d

}eibàhacoijh ~tacteyy( sbete iaffuòij}oa` oyjy}et }bj` ewet( yjy emuij}oa` y~eiojhoy} Cuhfotj

Jt}kdjewj. Kàshemce ce}y au} a mj}e jy}et

}bj` aut yibaahy }ejib o} }a ~u~ohy.

JMD bjy u`mem teyejtib a` j ès iuttoiuhuf(

jy sehh jy }be ~udhoij}oa` a ty}&ctjme }er}daaky

}a de o`}tamuiem o` 4>:>. ]er}daaky at bocbet

ctjmey sohh ahhas hj}et.

J}et }be moyo`}ectj}oa` a }be Yawoe} Uòa`

o` :??:( }be eiaàf a }be Ktc| Te~udhoi

iahhj~yem( fjtkem d j 5>% mta~ o` ctayy

mafey}oi ~tamui}. Yudyezue`}h( emuij}oa`( j`m}be èjt&uòwetyjh ho}etji a }be Yawoe} ~etoam(

me}etoatj}em jy sehh.

Yoìe }be fom&:??>y( JMD bjy dee` }be iau`}ty

~tofjt yautie a er}et`jh yu~~at} at emuij}oa`.

O} bjy beh~em fametò|e }be iau`}ty iuttoiuhuf(

y}te`c}be` }ejibet }tjoò`c( j`m duohm at teàwj}e

tutjh yibaahy.

J} }be }ut` a }be 4:y} ie`}ut( eiaàfoi

ia`mo}oa`y of~tawem( j`m cawet`fe`} u`mo`c

at emuij}oa` ctjmujhh oìtejyem. ]amj( }becawet`fe`} ia`yoy}e`}h y~e`my fate a`

emuij}oa` }bj` a` j` a}bet yo`che o}ef o` }be

`j}oa`jh dumce}.

JMD tefjo`y j iate ~jt}èt at }be cawet`fe`}

o` o}y e`mejwat }a of~tawe jiieyy }a zujho}

emuij}oa` }bj} sohh ~te~jte }be iau`}ty ibohmte`

at o}y ibj`co`c eiaàf.`

?

^ t e ~ j t o ` c Y } u m e ` } y


12/44

:>

J` JMD&yu~~at}em fommhe yibaah ~talei}

oy fjko`c }be mtejf a j` emuij}oa`

j tejho} at jkoy}j`y tutjh cothy

D Ljfey Bu}iboya`

Bjltj

Emuij}o`c

Tjoyo`c bj`my( tocb}o`c boy}at]bj`ky }a j` JMD&yu~~at}emFommhe Yibaah tactjf( sboibbeh~y cothy y}j o` yibaah( au`csafe` hoke }beye ij` fjke tejhia`}todu}oa`y o` }be ihjyytaaf(ibj`co`c haijh a~o`oa`y jdau}cothy j`m emuij}oa`

:>


13/44

:

Bjltj y}j`my u~. ]be :9&ejt&ahm eocb}b

ctjmet ia`me`}h j`ysety j fj}b

zuey}oa` }bj} àè a }be day o` bet

ihjyy ij`. Bet }ejibet( Fj`|aat Jho

Jddjyo( yjy ~taumh( Ybe oy aut }a~ y}ume`}.

Jddjyo( =4( }ejibey j} Yukkut Fommhe Yibaah(

sboib bjy deè}em taf j` JMD&yu~~at}em

~tactjf }a beh~ ^jkoy}j`y fommhe yibaahyj

~tactjf }bj} bjy y~eioijhh }jtce}em efjhe

y}ume`}y. Yjy Jddjyo( @aè a }be cothy o` }boy

ihjyy sauhm bjwe ca}}e` ~jy} ctjme we so}bau}

}be Fommhe Yibaah ^talei}.

]be Fommhe Yibaah ^talei}Ho}etji tj}ey o` jkoy}j` y}ohh jhh debo`m a}bet

iau`}toey o` }be tecoa`( ~jt}oiuhjth jfa`c

safe`. Jh}baucb }be ~etie`}jce a ho}etj}e

efjhey taye }a 75% o` 4>>7( u~ taf 5:% o`:??:( ^jkoy}j`y iutte`} ~tacteyy a` ce`met

~jto} o` ~tofjt emuij}oa` oy tj}em d JMD jy

yhas j`m ag&}tjik.

O` :??4( }be cawet`fe`} tezuey}em JMD haj`

jyyoy}jìe a -32 fohhoa` }a er~j`m j`m of~tawe

fommhe yibaah emuij}oa` o` Djhaiboy}j ( @at}b

Sey} Gta`}oet ^tawoìe( j`m Yo`mb. ]be ~tactjf

ey~eiojhh eìautjcem }be ~jt}oio~j}oa` a

cothy hoke Bjltj~aat cothy taf tutjh jtejyd

ageto`c y}o~e`my at efjhe y}ume`}y o` ctjmey

yor }btaucb eocb} j`m d oìtejyo`c zujhoem}ejibety o` da}b tutjh j`m utdj` yhuf jtejy.

]be ~talei} sjy iaìeowem }a jiiaffamj}e j

yutce o` }be ùfdet a y}ume`}y er~ei}em }a

iaf~he}e ~tofjt yibaah. J `j}oa`jh ~tactjf

j} }be emetjh heweh oò}oj}em iuttoiuhuf

teatf( ~ta}a}~e }er}daak meweha~fe`}( j`m

y}ume`} jiboewefe`} }ey}o`c. ]be ~byoijh

of~tawefe`}y a yibaahy o` }be ~talei} cjwe

ejib j` jwetjce a }btee ihjyytaafy( j yioeìe

taaf( j`m djyoi jfeò}oey iaf~toyo`c j bejm

}ejibety taaf( wetj`mj( }aohe}( bj`m ~uf~ at

sj}et( j`m j dau`mjt sjhh.

Yukkut Fommhe Yibaah toìo~jh Yaafjt Kbj`

Fefaf ~ao`}y au} }bj} deate }be Fommhe

Yibaah ^talei}( boy yibaah sjy a`h at ~tofjt

y}ume`}y u~ }a ctjme we. So}b teàwj}em

ihjyytaafy( ès meyky( daaky( }aohe}y( j`m fate

y}jg( se sete jdhe }a e`tahh 3> ès y}ume`}y(

fay}h cothy( be yjy.

E m u i j } o `

c B j l t j

YUKKUT( ^JKOY]J@ ]ejibet ]tjoò`cJha`c so}b awet :5(>>> a}bet }ejibety o` }be

~talei}( Fj`|aat j}}e`mem j =&seek }tjoò`c

iautye( jizuoto`c ès ykohhy }bj} fjme bof

j de}}et }ejibet. Deate( O uyem a`h }be

dhjikdajtm( du} às }be y}ume`}y satk o`

~joty j`m }ejibo`c oy o`}etji}owe ya }be hejt`

fuib fate( be yjy( à}o`c }bj} ~tawoyoa` a}er}daaky( hodtjt daaky( j`m cuomey at }ejibety

fjme j doc mogeteìe( so}b 47(3>> }ejibety

bj`mdaaky ~tawomem }a }ejibo`c y}jg o` }be

}btee ~tawoìey.

Gaut seeky a o`&yetwoie }tjoò`c sjy cowe`

}a yafe 5(5>> u`}tjoèm }ejibety }a of~tawe

yudlei} iaf~e}eì( j`m :5(5>> fommhe yibaah

}ejibety teieowem :> mjy }tjoò`c o` }be tewoyem

iuttoiuhuf( so}b =(>>> fommhe yibaah bejm

}ejibety }tjoèm o` j 7&seek iautye a` yibaah

fj`jcefe`} j`m yu~etwoyoa`.

Beh~o`c Cothy Deiafe Y}ume`}yj`m ]ejibety

]a tehoewe ~aat tutjh jfohoey a }be `jìojh

dutme` }bj} a}e` ~tewe`}y }bef taf ye`mo`c

}beot mjucb}ety }a yibaah( j tutjh cothy y}o~e`m

~tactjf beh~em j ùfdet a cothy iaf~he}e

fommhe yibaaho`c( ewe` o` tefa}e jtejy.

]a zujho at }be ~tactjf( ij`momj}ey èemem

}a de e`tahhem o` j` ehocodhe tutjh yibaah j`m

}a bjwe j}}e`mem ctjme we so}b jiie~}jdhe

j}}e`mjìe j`m ~etatfjìe. ]a tejib ~aat

Ezujh a~~at}uò}oey]be Fommhe Yibaah ^talei} bjy ibj`cem bas daytehj}e }a cothy o` }be ihjyytaaf

LjfeyBu}iboya`


14/44

:4

jfohoey( }be ~talei} tezuotem }be j`ùjh

oìafe a }be jfoh uò} }a de heyy }bj`

:>(>>> jkoy}j` tu~eey "^Ty/ "jdau} -::?/.

]be ~jte`}y at cujtmoj`y bjm }a ~tafoye }a

kee~ }beot mjucb}et at sjtm o` yibaah u`}oh

ctjme eocb} d yocò`c j` jcteefe`} so}b }be

moy}toi} emuij}oa` aiet. A`h aè deèiojt

~et jfoh sjy ehocodhe( so}b ~teeteìe at

^talei} Oàtfj}oa`

Fommhe Yibaah ^talei} ":??=4>>2/

Go`jìo`c< -32.>> fohhoa ( Jyoj` Meweha~fe`} Gu`m

"JMD/; -44.5> fohhoa ( Cawet`fe`} a ^jkoy}j`

}be ehmey}. toato} sjy cowe` }a at~bj`y j`m

bj`moij~~em cothy. ]be y}o~e`m ~tawomem j`

j`ùjh ijyb j`m daak jhhasjìe a ^Ty:(=>>

"jdau} -:3/ }a ejib deèiojt( tejibo`c j }a}jh

a 5>(=9> y}ume`}y o` }be }btee ~tawoìey.

J tutjh }ejibet e`bjìefe`} y}o~e`m ~tactjf

à} a`h jyyoy}em efjhe y}ume`}y sba sj`}em}a deiafe }ejibety du} jhya beh~em oìtejye

}be ùfdet a efjhe }ejibety o` tutjh jtejy.

J ij`momj}e bjm }a de iutte`}h e`tahhem o`

j tutjh yibaah j`m j}}e`mo`c ctjme :>( so}b

jiie~}jdhe j}}e`mjìe j`m ~etatfjìe

teiatmy. Bet ~jte`}y at cujtmoj`y sete tezuotem

}a fjke j iaffo}fe`}< }bj} ybe sauhm

iaf~he}e }be }ejibety }tjoò`c ~tactjf j}

j cawet`fe`} iahhece j`m }bj} }be sauhm

~etfo} bet }a jiie~} j` jyyoc`fe`} o` j tutjh

fommhe yibaah at 9 ejty j}et ybe òybem bet

iautye. ]be y}o~e`m ~tawomem j fa`}bh jfau`}a ^Ty45> "jdau} -9/ ~huy j` j`ùjh daak

jhhasjìe a }be yjfe jfau`}. Awetjhh( :(=>>

jy~oto`c }ejibety teieowem }boy y}o~e`m.

Ibj`co`c Iaffuò}oeyJ} Yukkut Fommhe Yibaah( aè ij` adyetwe

jà}bet of~at}j`} jy~ei} a }be ~tactjf< o`

ihjyytaafy hoke Bjltjy( day j`m cothy y}um yome

d yome.

O} bjy ibj`cem bas }be day tehj}e }a cothy o`

}be ihjyytaaf( yjy Fj`|aat.

Forem ihjyyey ay}et ce`met ezuo} d

meweha~o`c j fate oìhuyowe j}}o}ume }asjtm

cothy jfa`c au`c fjhey. Du} }be ihjyyey ma

fate }bj` }bj}. ^talei} yibaahy hoke Yukkut(

sboib bjwe a~eèm }beot maaty }a tutjh cothy(

bjwe itej}em u`~teieme`}em a~~at}uò}oey at

}beye cothy o` }beot iaffuò}oey d ibj`co`c

j}}o}umey }asjtm efjhe yibaaho`c.

D }be }ofe o} sjy iaf~he}em( }be ~talei} bjm

deè}em 3>(=54 y}ume`}y j`m u~ctjmem 7>?

~tofjt yibaahy( oìhumo`c 99: cothy yibaahy(cowo`c }bauyj`my a dtocb} au`c cothy hoke Bjltj

}be a~~at}uò} at j de}}et emuij}oa` j`m }be

a~~at}uò}oey ~tawomem d aè. `

Cothy fjko`c }be ctjme ]be ~tactjf }jtce}y efjhe y}ume`}y( hoke Bjltj"he}/ j`m bet ihjyyfj}e( j`m cowey }bef oìe`}owey }a y}j o` yibaah.Jy }ejibet Fj`|aat Jho Jddjyo jikàshemcey( fj` coth y}ume`}y sauhmà} fjke o} }a fommhe yibaah so}bau} }boy ~talei}

]be y}ume`} deiafey }be }ejibet ]ejibet }tjoò`c beh~y }ejibety itej}efate o`}etji}owe( y}ume`}&ie`}etem ihjyytaafy( sbete y}ume`}y ij` hejt`taf ejib a}bet

LjfeyBu}iboya`

LjfeyBu}iboya`


15/44

::

J y}um yjì}ujt]boy JMD&yu~~at}em hodtjto`]jlokoy}j` bjy deiafe jò`y~oto`chejtò`c y~jie at bocb yibaahy}ume`}y. _au`c fe j`m safe`tejm j`m sto}e u`met }be sj}ibuhee a }beot }ejibet


16/44

:=

Sjhko`c }btaucb }be yibaah fuyeufj} Yjfjtkj`m Io} Yibaah @ufdet

4:( Motei}at Yjatj Fehokawj ~ao`}y

au} djcy( ~e`y( o`ksehhy( j`m ahm

}er}daaky( jhh o` uye sbe` ybe decj` }ejibo`c

bete 99 ejty jca. U|dekoy}j`y emuij}oa`

yy}ef oy cao`c }btaucb }be doccey} ibj`cey O

bjwe ewet yee`( ybe yjy.

O` }be iaut}jtm a }be yibaah( aè a }be ahmey}

o` }be iau`}t j`m sbete ^teyome`} Oyhjf Kjtofaw

ctjmuj}em so}b baàty o` :?55( ybe ~ao`}y au}

ès teàwj}oa`y( ~jt} a yewetjh cawet`fe`}oò}oj}owey }bj} jte }tj`yatfo`c }be iau`}ty

emuij}oa` yy}ef.

Aè a }be fay} woyodhe j`m of~at}j`}atbet

:(5>> y}ume`}y j`m }beot jfohoey j`m }ejibetybjy

dee` j ~talei} u`mem d JMD }bj}dtaucb}

jgatmjdhe }er}daaky }a }be `j}oa`y yibaah ibohmte`>=/

Go`jìo`c fohhoa ( Cawet`fe`} a U|dekoy}j`

Y~eiojh Gu`m

Daako`c }be satk atie a }be u}ute @es }er}daaky j`m èsiuttoiuhufy ef~aset }beye au`c ~ea~he j`m ~te~jte }bef }a lao` }besatkatie j`m ueh U|dekoy}j`y eiaàfoi ctas}b

LjfeyBu}iboya`


20/44

:2

Hej~gtacco c}a Fadohe ]ehe~ba`JMD oy beh~o`c Jcbj`oy}j`y hjtcey} }eheiaf a~etj}at meweha~

`j}oa`some fadohe ~ba`e o`tjy}tui}ute j`m er~j`m iehhuhjt yetwoiey

:2


21/44

:

Meijmey a iaòi} mewjy}j}em

Jcbjòy}j`y iaffuòij}oa` yy}efy.

Gorem }ehe~baè hoèy jte wot}ujhh

jdye`} o` j iau`}t so}b tuccem }ettjo`(

hofo}em ehei}toio}( ~aat tajmy j`m ~ay}jh yetwoiey(

j`m j` u`y}jdhe yeiuto} yo}uj}oa`.

]be jttowjh a fadohe ~baèy( }beteate(

te~teye`}em j }eheiaf tewahu}oa`( e`jdho`c }be

iau`}t}a hej~tac y}tjocb} }a 4:y}&ie`}ut

yj}ehho}e }eibàhac.

O} bjy e`jdhem jfohoey moy~hjiem d }be iaòi}

}a tefjo` ia`èi}em( duyoèyy asèty }a fate

ejyoh yejtib at caam ~toiey j`m tefjo` oàtfem(

j`m oyahj}em iaffuò}oey }a ut}bet o`}ectj}e o`}a

}be eiaàf. O} bjy jhya ~tawomem djyoi dj`ko`c

uì}oa`y o` j iau`}t sbete dj`ko`c oy hofo}em(

du} tefo}}jìey ~hj j wo}jh eiaàfoi tahe.

Mefj`m at fadohe ~baèy sjy y}ta`c taf

}be au}ye}( du} yetwoie tahhau} sjy ia`y}tjoèm

d hofo}em `jìo`c a~}oa`y o` }be ibjhhe`co`c

~aho}oijh j`m yeiuto} e`wota`fe`}.

So}b beh~ taf JMDy ~towj}e yei}at a~etj}oa`y(

basewet( }be ]eheiaf Meweha~fe`} Iaf~j`

Jcbjòy}j`kàs` jy Taybj` j`m }be hjtcey}

a~etj}at so}b awet 9.4 fohhoa` yudyitodety

bjy dee` jdhe }a er~j`m o}y fadohe è}satk

o`tjy}tui}ute `j}oa`some j`m of~tawe o}y tj`ce ayetwoiey. O` Luh 4>>2( JMD ~tawomem o}y }botm haj`

}a }be ~taieyy( }boy }ofe -7> fohhoa`. ]boy ahhasem

haj`y a -95 fohhoa` o` hj}e 4>>= j`m -95 fohhoa` o`

fom&4>>7.

]be meweha~fe`} of~ji} a fadohe ~baèy

bjy y~tejm jitayy }be iau`}t j`m }btaucb jhh

hewehy a yaioe}( yjy Itjoc Y}ege`ye`( JMDy

iau`}t motei}at at Jcbjòy}j`. Bjwo`c jiieyy

}a oàtfj}oa` j`m kàshemce oy jy ito}oijh at

}be emuij}oa` a }be au`cjhfay} bjh }be

~a~uhj}oa` oy u`met :5jy o} oy at }be yaiojh

meweha~fe`} a safe`.

So}b er~j`yoa`( Taybj` bjy dee` jdhe }a haset

}be iay} a o}y fadohe ~baè yetwoiey( oìtejyo`c

jiieyyodoho} }a }be ~aat.

O`àwj}owe YetwoieyJfa`c o}y o`àwj}oa`y( Taybj` o`}tamuiem F&~joyj(

j yat} a fadohe sjhhe}( e`jdho`c }be }tj`yet

a u`my d fadohe ~baè o` j zuoik( ejy( yje(

j`m iay}&egei}owe sj at ~eet&}a&~eet }tj`yet(

KJTJIBO( ^JKOY]J@

H e j ~ g t a c

c o ` c } a

te~jfe`} a foita`jìe haj`y( ~utibjye a

jot}ofe( j`m yjhjt moydutyefe`}. ]boy bjy dtaucb}

`jìojh }tj`yji}oa` yetwoiey }a j iau`}t sbete

a`h 9% a }be ~a~uhj}oa` bjy j dj`k jiiau`}.

Iau`}tsome( Taybj` ye}y u~ ~udhoi ijhh aiey at

}baye so}bau} j fadohe ~baè( ~jt}èto`c so}b

Goty} Foita`jìe Dj`k }a he`m e`}te~teèutyij~o}jh }a ye} u~ }be aiey. Taybj` jhya yu~~at}y

safe`&a`h ~udhoi ijhh jioho}oey( j` of~at}j`}

ej}ute cowe` a`cao`c ce`met yectecj}oa`.

]be iaf~j` oy jhya o`y}jhho`c yahjt ~ba}awah}joi

~jèhy }a ~aset }eheiaf }asety( }buy temuio`c

moeyeh ueh ia`yuf~}oa` j`m ctee`bauye cjy

efoyyoa`y. J`m o` 4>>?( o} ~oha}em ]tjme@e}( sboib

~tawomey jtfety so}b fjtke} ~toiey }btaucb }er}

feyyjco`c( sboib jhhasy jtfety j`m }tjmety }a

yeiute }be dey} ~toiey at }beot ita~y.

]ehefemoioè< Ho`ko`c Bejh}b Satketyso}b Er~et}yA` j somet heweh( }be ~tawoyoa` a fadohe }eheiaf

yetwoiey oy beh~o`c of~tawe }be mehowet a

eyye`}ojh yetwoiey yuib jy bejh}b ijte( emuij}oa`(

j`m yeiuto}.

Taybj` bjy ~oaèetem j }ehefemoioè ~talei}

}bj} ho`ky mai}aty o` Kjduh j`m o` j tutjh bay~o}jh

o` Djfj` }a fate er~etoeìem y}jg j} }be Jcj

Kbj` Uòwetyo} Bay~o}jh o` Kjtjibo( ^jkoy}j`. "]be

Jcj Kbj` Gu`m at Eiaàfoi Meweha~fe`} oy

Taybj`y fjlato} ybjtebahmet/. ]boy ~a}e`}ojhhhoe&yjwo`c }ehefemoioè ~talei} bjy of~ji}em

}be howey a =>> ~j}oe`}y j`m }tjoèm 9>> Jcbj`

femoijh ~etya`èh. O} iauhm ~hj j ke tahe o`

teia`y}tui}o`c Jcbjòy}j`y bejh}b ijte yy}ef.

Kbjhom J`yjto( j tjmoahacoy} j} }be Gteìb Femoijh

O`y}o}u}e at Ibohmte` "GFOI/( uyey }ehefemoioè

}a }tj`yfo} ofjcet taf }be bay~o}jhy fjcè}oi

teya`jìe&ofjco`c yij`èt }a iahhejcuey o`

Kjtjibo. O se bjwe j iaf~hoij}em mojcàyoy( o}

}jkey luy} aè ihoik }a ~u} }be ~oi}utey a` aut

yetwet j`m ye`m }bef }a }be Jcj Kbj` Bay~o}jh(

sboib ij` ye`m uy djik j te~at} so}bo` 4= bauty(be yjy.

@a} ha`c jca( GFOI ey}jdhoybem j ia`èi}oa` so}b

j ~tawoìojh bay~o}jh o` tefa}e Djfj`( sboib

bjy := ~byoioj`y yetwo`c fate }bj` 7>>(>>>

~ea~he. O` j` o`}etwoes d womea ho`k( fafe`}y

j}et j ihjyy a` oèi}oa` ia`}tah( bay~o}jh fj`jcet

Fj}}bes Tamoeik yjom( Se jte wet oyahj}em bete(

du} o aè a aut y~eiojhoy}y iafey jitayy j ijye

}bj}y moiuh} }a u`mety}j`m( be at ybe ij` dto`c

:

H e j ~ g t a c

c o ` c } a


22/44

4>

}be ~j}oe`} }a }be }ehefemoioè taaf j`m ia`yuh}so}b j ~byoioj` o` Kjduh at Kjtjibo.

]be ho`k ij` jhya de uyem at femoijh emuij}oa`>=4>>7/

Y~a`yaty< Jhij}eh ^jt}oio~j}oa`y YJ.( Fa`jia

]eheiaf O`}et`j}oa`jh( FI] Iat~atj}oa`( Jcj Kbj`

Gu`m at Eiaàfoi Meweha~fe`}

Go`jìo`c< -95 fohhoa ( ^towj}e Yei}at haj` "JMD/

Taybj` Er~j`yoa` ^talei} "^bjye OO/ "4>>74>>2/

Y~a`yaty< Fa`jia ]eheiaf O`}et`j}oa`jh( FI]

Iat~atj}oa ( Jcj Kbj` Gu`m at EiaàfoiMeweha~fe`}

Go`jìo`c< -95 fohhoa ( ^towj}e Yei}at haj` "JMD/;

-9> fohhoa ( JMD D&Haj ; -:5 fohhoa ( âho}oijh Toyk

Cujtj`}ee "JMD/

Taybj` Er~j`yoa` ^talei} "^bjye OOO/ "4>>24>:>/

Y~a`yaty< Fa`jia ]eheiaf O`}et`j}oa`jh(

]ehojYaètj( Jcj Kbj` Gu`m at Eiaàfoi

Meweha~fe`}

Go`jìo`c< -7> fohhoa ( ^towj}e Yei}at haj` "JMD/

Mt. Womea ]boy me`}oy} oy uyo`c j womea ho`k }a cuome bet o` bet satk. Bejh}b~taeyyoa`jhy eeh heyy oyahj}em so}b womea ho`ky( sboib jte jhya deo`c uyemat femoijh emuij}oa`

]be ]eheiaf Meweha~fe`}

Iaf~j` Jcbjòy}j`

kàs` jy Taybj`bjy

~oaèetem j }ehefemoioè

~talei} }bj} ho`ky mai}aty o`

Kjduh }a y}jg j} }be Jcj Kbj`

Uòwetyo} Bay~o}jh o` Kjtjibo(

^jkoy}j`. ]boy ~a}e`}ojhh

hoe&yjwo`c ~talei} bjy beh~em

=>> ~j}oe`}y j`m }tjoèm 9>>

Jcbj` femoijh ~etya`èh.

Bocb&}eib bejh}b]ehefemoioè e`jdhey ha`c&moy}jìe mojcàyoy afemoijh ia`mo}oa`y

Ljya`^.Base

Ljya`^.Base


23/44

4

]be cawet`fe`}( so}b beh~ taf JMD( oy temuio`c

wuhètjdoho} }a aamy o` ]jlokoy}j`( sboib bjy yugetem

taf j hjik a hewee fjo`}e`jìe o` }be ejty ahhaso`c

o`me~e`meìe

D boho~ Saam

Gowe ejty jca( }be ysahhe` j`l Towet

yutcem awet j yetoey a j`}ozuj}em

efdj`kfe`}y o` ]jlokoy}j`#y et}ohe

Bjfjmaò moy}toi}( ysee~o`c jsj

ewet}bo`c }bj} hj o` o}y ~j}b.

]be towet }utèm o`}a j` jwjhjìbe a fum j`m

sj}et($ teijhhy Cjmao Fjyjufaw( sba as`y sbj}

sjy aìe j towetyome tey}jutj`} o` }be }as` a

Bjfjmaò.

$Sbe` se te}utèm }a }be jtej aè mj hj}et(

}be sj}et heweh sjy bocbet }bj` O jf($ jmmem

Fjyjufaw( tjoyo`c j` jtf bocb jdawe boy bejm.

Oìafey Sjybem Jsj]bj`ky }a jmwjìem sjtò`c yy}efy j`m j yso}

cawet`fe`} tey~a`ye( }be gaam o` ]jlokoy}j`#y

yau}bsey}et` Kbj}ha` ~tawoìe ijuyem a j}jho}oey.

Du} fate }bj` 45> duohmo`cy sete mey}taem( jha`c

so}b tajmy( dtomcey( j`m sj}et }asety.

]be jtej#y jtfety sete ezujhh bjtm&bo}( jyyafe =(>>> bei}jtey a ]jlokoy}j`#y toibey} jtjdhe

}a~yaoh sjy yse~} jsj. O` j iau`}t sbete fate

}bj` 7>% a }be ~a~uhj}oa` tehoey a` jctoiuh}ute

jy o}y fjlat yautie a oìafe( }bj} fej`} }bj}

howehobaamy sete yse~} jsj jy sehh.

$Aut ~ea~he jte fay}h o`wahwem o` jctoiuh}ute( o`

ctaso`c tuo} j`m ~a}j}aey j`m aòa`y($ yjom Yo}jf

BJFJMA@O( ]JLOKOY]J@

Ibj`co c}be Iautye ag Efetceìoey

4

Bas }a bahm a j towetBuce mokey a ejt}b j`m taik(duoh} so}b yu~~at} taf JMD(~ta}ei} }be ~ea~he a Bjfjmaòtaf }be j`l Towet( sboib oyoìtejyo`ch ~taè }a aamo`c

^ i o k o ` c U

~


24/44

44

Ybjtoaw( j teyome`} a Bjfjmaò. $Du} }be aam

mey}taem jhh a aut jctoiuh}utjh ehmy. êa~he hay}

}beot bjtwey}y j`m ya hay} }beot oìafe.$

Me~u} Iboe a Bjfjmaò Moy}toi} Jdmuljdat

Kj}jew yutwey djtte` hj`myij~e }bj} y}te}ibey

jy jt jy }be ee ij` yee. O} oy djte( yj`m er~j`ye

iawetem o` fum ~ohey j`m ho}}etem so}b ibu`ky aiaìte}e.

$]be aam mey}taem }be dtomce( }be tajm(

teyome`}ojh bauyebahmy( yjom Kj}jew. ]sa

y}tee}y o` aè wohhjce sete uhh aamem( ya uhh

mey}taem.$

JMD ]jlokoy}j` Iau`}t Motei}at Fjka}a Alota yjy

}be yaioaeiaàfoi of~ji} a sbj} bj~~eèm o`

Kbj}ha` oy y}ohh deo`c eh} }btaucbau} }be ~tawoìe.

$]bete oy j y}ta`c ho`k de}see` aamy j`m ~awet}(

j`m o` Kbj}ha` }bete sjy j wet yudy}j`}ojh hayya howehobaam($ Alota yjom( jmmo`c }bj} teyome`}y a

}be jtej bjwe er~etoeìem moyejye( me}etoatj}o`c

mto`ko`c sj}et zujho}( j`m a}bet bjtmybo~y sboib(

o` }ut`( bjwe hem }a ctej}et efoctj}oa`.

Fo}ocj}oa` Fejyutey taf Ejt}b j`m TaikSo}b o}y fau`}joàuy }ettjo` j`m bocb hewehy

a tjo`jhh( ]jlokoy}j` bjy jhsjy dee` ~taè }a

aamo`c j`m a}bet `j}utjh moyjy}ety. Du} }be aam

a 4>>5 sjy u`~teieme`}em.

J hjik a tau}oè fjo`}e`jìe o` }be }ufuh}uauyejty ahhaso`c ]jlokoy}j`#y o`me~e`meìe o` :??:

sjy hjtceh tey~a`yodhe at }be johute a }be mokey

}a ia`}jo` }be towet.

JMD bjy ~tawomem j -44 fohhoa` haj` at }be

Kbj}ha` ^tawoìe Toyk Fj`jcefe`} ^talei} }a beh~

~tewe`} u}ute aamo`c.

]be ~talei} te~teye`}y j ybo} taf teji}owe(

o`tjy}tui}ute&atoe`}em aam ia`}tah }a j

iaf~tebe`yowe( o`}ectj}em( j`m ~taji}owe

j~~tajib }a aam fj`jcefe`}.

J fjlat ~jt} a }be ~talei} oy }be tebjdoho}j}oa` a

2.9 kohafe}ety a aam ~ta}ei}oa` efdj`kfe`}

jha`c }be ^j`l Towet. J} }be ~talei} yo}e( sboib

jdu}y ]jlokoy}j`#y datmet so}b Jcbjòy}j`( datmet

cujtmy ~j}tah jy buce }tuiky bjuh o` yaoh( taik( j`m

ejt}b.

]be fj}etojhy jte ~jikem o`}a bocb( yha~o`c

efdj`kfe`}y }bj} jte iawetem so}b iaìte}e

dhaiky. ]beye mokey sohh tejib jhfay} :> fe}ety

]be yo|e a moyjy}et Cjmao Fjyjufaw ybasy bas

bocb }be ^j`l Towet taye muto`c j ij}jy}ta~boiaam o` 4>>5 }bj} sjybem jsj tajmy( dtomcey( j`mhowehobaamy

o` beocb}( j uhh 9 fe}ety }jhhet }bj` }be sjhhy

dtejibem o` 4>>5.

Fjtk Ku`|et( j yeòat e`wota`fe`}jh y~eiojhoy}

so}b JMDy Ie`}tjh j`m Sey} Jyoj Me~jt}fe`}(

yjom }be ès efdj`kfe`}y sohh beh~ ~ta}ei} }be

jtej taf }be ihofj}e ibj`ce of~ji}y }bj} jte

oìtejyo`ch deo`c eh} o` }be Bo`mu Kuyb j`m }be^jfot fau`}jo`y( j`m sboib jte ijuyo`c chjioety

}a feh} j} jiiehetj}em tj}ey.

$]boy sohh teyuh} o` oìtejyem asy o` }be towety

a }be tecoa`( yuib jy }be ^j`l( sboib jte em

d chjioet feh} taf }be fau`}jo`y($ Ku`|et

yjom. $Ihofj}e ibj`ce oy hokeh }a jh}et }tjmo}oa`jh

sej}bet ~j}}et`y j`m jhya dto`c jdau} fate

er}tefe sej}bet ewe`}y. Sbe` }be aiiutteìe a

er}tefe ewe`}y oy iafdoèm so}b }be oìtejyem

44

Ce``jmoTj}uybe`ka


25/44

4

^ i o k o ` c U

~

towet asy( }bete oy j yocòij`} ~a}e`}ojh at

ut}bet yetoauy aamo`c o` }be tecoa`.$

]be ~talei} teatfy bjwe caè dea`m duohmo`c

~byoijh efdj`kfe`}y. JMD jyyoy}jìe bjy

beh~em }be cawet`fe`} duohm awet :9> bauyey

jsj taf aam&~taè jtejy j`m }a of~tawe aam

fj`jcefe`} yy}efy. ]boy oìhumey u~ctjmo`c

sjtò`c feibjòyfy( de}}et fjo`}e`jìe a

~ta}ei}oa` y}tui}utey( j`m ès tecuhj}oa`y }a

tey}toi} hj`m uye o` bocb&toyk jtejy.

JMD bjy jhya beh~em }be cawet`fe`} u`met}jke

}a~actj~boijh( yaiojh( e`wota`fe`}jh( j`m

eiaàfoi yutwey( j`m ia`mui} iaf~u}et

fameho`c a aamem jtejy. Gtaf }beye yutwey(

toyk fj~y sete ~te~jtem.

^talei} Oàtfj}oa`

Kbj}ha` ^tawoìe Toyk Fj`jcefe`} ^talei}

"4>>74>:>/

Go`jìo`c fohhoa ( Lj~j` Gu`m at

âwet} Temui}oa` "JMD/; -5>>(>>>( ]eibòijh

Jyyoy}jìe Y~eiojh Gu`m "JMD/; -44.> fohhoa (

Jyoj` Meweha~fe`} Gu`m "JMD/; -7.7:4 fohhoa (

Cawet`fe`} a ]jlokoy}j`

]a of~tawe ateijy}o`c( }be cawet`fe`} bjy

tebjdoho}j}em j`m fametò|em }be Jceì at

Bmtafe}eatahacy ihofj}e y}j}oa`y j`m towet

cjucey( jy sehh jy }be jceìy mj}jdjye.

$Sbe` se bjwe òybem }boy ~talei}( Kj}jew

yjom( }be sbahe ~a~uhj}oa` a }be jtej sohh de

~ta}ei}em taf u}ute aamy.$`

Yutweo`c }be mjfjce Me~u} Iboe a Bjfjmaò Moy}toi} Jdmuljdat Kj}jew ~ao`}y }a }be tefjo`y a }be }as`y dtomce( mey}taem d

}be u`~teieme`}em aam a 4>>5

Ce``jmoTj}uybe`ka


26/44

4=

Duohmo`cDjik De}}et

D Ljfey Bu}iboya`

Woi}ofy a j mewjy}j}o`c ejt}bzujke o` ^jkoy}j`jte teduohmo`c }beot bafey so}b }beot as` bj`my

4=


27/44

4

Aut bauye( jtf( howey}aik( se hay}

ewet}bo`c o` }be ejt}bzujke( yjy YbjbomjFjzyaam.

Awet 9.5 fohhoa` a}bety hoke Ybjbomj j`mbetjfoh

a we sete he} mey}o}u}e d }be fjyyowe ejt}bzujke

}bj} y}tuik }be @at}bSey} Gta`}oet tawoìe j`m

yuttau`mo`c jtejy a` }be fatò`c a 2 Ai}adet

4>>5( }jko`c j` ey}ofj}em 2>(>>> howey.

JMDy tey~a`ye sjy fuh}ojie}em. Goty} o} ~hemcem

-: dohhoa` o` dohj}etjh ctj`}y j`m haj`y}a }be

^jkoy}j` Ejt}bzujke Gu`m j`m of~hefe`}em }be

Ejt}bzujke Efetceì Jyyoy}jìe ^talei}( sboib

yu~~at}y }be cawet`fe`}y egat}y }a tebjdoho}j}eejt}bzujke&bo} jtejy. JMD ~tawomem jyyoy}jìe

}a teia`y}tui} ~aset ctomy( tajmy( yibaahy( tutjh

bauyey( j`m bejh}b jioho}oey. Ehei}toio} oy deo`c

tey}atem o` jgei}em jtejy }btaucb tebjdoho}j}oa`

a ? bmta~aset y}j}oa`y j`m :> ctom y}j}oa`y.

JMD oy jhya teia`y}tui}o`c =99 ~tofjt j`m

fommhe yibaahy uyo`c y}j}e&a&}be&jt} hocb} y}eeh

tjfe duohmo`cy }bj} jte ejy }a jyyefdhe j`m

ejt}bzujke teyoy}j`}.

JDDA]]JDJM( JKOY]J@ ]beye ~talei}y sete meyocèm a} }a tey}ate

iaffuò}oey }a ~te&zujke ia`mo}oa`y( du} }a duohm

djik de}}et}a fjke jgei}em èocbdatbaamy

fate ~tay~etauy j`m fate teyohoe`} }bj` }besete deate 2 Ai}adet 4>>5.

O`àwj}owe Teduohmo`c YibefeAè a }be cawet`fe`}#y cajhy sjy }a teia`y}tui}

j`m tebjdoho}j}e bauyey ya }bj} }be sauhm de

ejt}bzujke teyoy}j`}. O` 4>>3( }a yu~~at} }boycajh(

JMD fjme j yeia`m efetceì jyyoy}jìehaj`

a -=>> fohhoa`( }be Ejt}bzujke Moy~hjiem êa~he

Howehobaam Tey}atj}oa` ^tactjf. Gu`èhhem}btaucb

}be Ejt}bzujke Teia`y}tui}oa` j`m Tebjdoho}j}oa`

Ju}bato} j`m o}y ~tawoìojh dtjìbey( }boyhaj`

~tawomem moy~hjiem ~ea~he so}b u`my atfj}etojhy

}a teduohm }beot as` bauyey( j`m so}b ia`y}tui}oa`}tjoò`c j`m yudyomoey. ]be ju}bato} y~eioem

y}j`mjtmy j`m meyoc`y.

]be yudyomoey sete me}etfoèm djyem a` }be fjtke}

te~hjiefe`} wjhue a j }~oijh bauye "9? yzujte

fe}ety/( ottey~ei}owe a }be yo|ea}be atoco`jh bauyey.

]be cawet`fe`} moydutyem ctjmuj}em ~jfe`}y

o` jiiatmjìe so}b }be jfau`} a mjfjcejy

me}etfoèm d ehm o`y~ei}aty taf }be jtfj`m

taf à`cawet`fe`} atcjò|j}oa`y "@CAy/.

D u o h m o ` c


28/44

47

Gat erjf~he( at j iaf~he}eh mey}taem bauye(

asèty teieowem :35(>>> ^jkoy}j` tu~eey "^Ty/

"jdau} -4(>7:/. Gat j bafe so}b foàt mjfjce(

asèty teieowem ^Ty45(>>> "jdau} -4?5/.

]be teia`y}tui}oa` a o`tjy}tui}ute jhya itej}emfj` lady at ykohhem satkety j`m deè}em }be

haijh ia`y}tui}oa` fj}etojh o`muy}t( oìtejyo`c }be

~toiey a ke ia`y}tui}oa` fj}etojhy hoke iefe`}.

@es Tey~a`yodoho}oey at Safe`]be ejt}bzujke bjy ybo}em ce`met tahey a

safe` j`m fe` mue }a }be hayy a fjhe ~jt}èty.

Fj` safe`y tey~a`yodoho}oey bjwe oìtejyem jy

}be ia~e so}b }be jmmo}oa`jh dutme` a ijto`c at

at~bjèm ibohmte` j`m ~etya`y so}b moyjdoho}oey(

sbohe jhya efetco`c jy bejmy a bauyebahmy.

]boy ès tejho} tezuotey te}bo`ko`c yaiojhia`mo}oaò`c( jy sehh jy }be }~e a ia`}todu}oa`y

}bj} fefdety a }be bauyebahm j`m }be

iaffuò} ij` fjke. O` ~jt}oiuhjt( y}jkebahmety

te~at} }bj} efjhe&bejmem bauyebahmy( somasy(

j`m at~bjèm ibohmte` "fay}h cothy/ bjwe bjm

ho}}he jiieyy }a yu~~hoey j`m yetwoiey mue }a }beot

hofo}em fadoho} at jdyeìe a ~ta~et ome`}o}

maiufe`}y }a yu~~at} }beye ihjofy. J ce`met j`m

wuhètjdoho} ji}oa` ~hj` e`yutey }bj} eyye`}ojh

èemy( ia`y}tjo`}y( j`m ~toato}oey waoiem d

safe`( j`m er}tefeh wuhètjdhe o`mowomujhy j`m

jfohoey( jte bejtm.

]be fuh}oyei}at ~tactjf jhya yu~~at}em ce`met

ezuo} j`m oìhuyowe yaiojh meweha~fe`}. ]btaucb

}beye ~tactjf iaf~aè`}y( Ybjbomj j`m betèocbdaty sete jdhe }a y}jt} tjoyo`c iboike`y j`m

yehho`c }be eccy j} }be haijh fjtke}. ]be jhya

~hj`}em yfjhh sbej} ehmy( fjko`c }bef yeh&

yuioe`} o` dtejm at }beot jfohoey.

Jy bejm a bet Safe`y Iaffuò} Atcjò|j}oa`(

aìe j seek Ybjbomj caey }a }be haijh dtjìb a

Bjdod Dj`k taf bet teye}}hefe`} jtej èjt }be

wohhjce a Tjtj }a me~ayo} }be faè ybe j`m }be

a}bet 44 safe` o` bet ctau~ bjwe ejtèm taf

}beot bafe&djyem we`}utey. ]be bjwe yjwem

^Ty9>(>>> "jdau} -95=/ j`m uye }be faè at

er~e`yey j`m jhya ~tawome foitaitemo} `jìe }aa}bet safe` }a y}jt} }beot as` duyoèyyey. ]be

cowe ~toato} }a }be fj` somasy he} so}bau}

dtejmso`èty d }be ejt}bzujke( jy }beot èemy

jte ctej}ey}.

Gu`mem d }be JMD Howehobaam Tey}atj}oa` talei}(

yaiojh atcjò|et Yjhfj Djà a }be @j}oa`jh Tutjh

Yu~~at} ^tactjffe beh~em }be safe` ye} u~

}beot atcjò|j}oa` j`m hejt` ewet}bo`c taf de}}et

jtfo`c }eibòzuey }a bas }a kee~ j ye} a daaky.

Teduohmo`c }ace}bet Fe` j`m safe` cj}bet o` j iaffuò} fee}o`c }a moyiuyy }be ~taieyy a teduohmo`c bafey j`m howehobaamy j}et}be mewjy}j}o`c ejt}bzujke a 4>>5

LjfeyBu}iboya`


29/44

4

^talei} Oàtfj}oa`

Efetceì Ejt}bzujke Jyyoy}jìe ^talei}

"4>>74>:>/

Go`jìo`c< -44>.> fohhoa ( Jyoj` Meweha~fe`} Gu`m

"JMD/; -::>.> fohhoa ( ^jkoy}j` Ejt}bzujke Gu`m

"JMD/; -93.> fohhoa ( Jyoj` ]yu`jfo Gu`m "Euta~ej`

Eiaàfoi Iaffuò}/; -3=.3 fohhoa ( Cawet`fe`}

a ^jkoy}j`

D u o h m o ` c

Gat }be ty} }ofe se jte ia`}todu}o`c }a aut

jfohy oìafe( yjy Ybjbomj. So}bau} }be beh~

a }boy ~tactjf se sauhm y}ohh bjwe à}bo`c du}

aut iha}bey.

Tjoyo`c }be Djt so}b Teia`y}tui}oa`Hjy} ejt( j 4&kohafe}et jiieyy tajm u`mem d }be

~tactjf j`m }be wohhjcety ia`èi}em }be wohhjce }a}be fjo` tajm }a jhhas ia`y}tui}oa` fj}etojh j`m

}tjoèty }a tejib }be iaffuò}.

Deate }be tajm se`} o`( Jdmuh Hj}o#y mjucb}et

Tuzoj ehh j`m o`lutem bet bejm sbohe satko`c o`

}beot ehm( j`m deijuye o} }aak ya ha`c }a ce} bet

au} }a }be fjo` tajm d ma`ke j`m }a j ihoòi( ybe

oy às moyjdhem. ]bj} sauhm èwet bj~~e` às;

se jte luy} :> foù}ey jsj d ijt( yjy Jdmuh

jà}bet erjf~he a }be teia`y}tui}oa` ~tactjfy

teyahwe }a duohm djik de}}et.

J} }be fa`}bh fee}o`c a }be Tjtj Iaffuò}Atcjò|j}oa`( Jdmuh te~at}y a` }be teduohmo`c

~tacteyy a }be 3>> wohhjcety< 45 bafeasèty jte

o`y}jhho`c taay j`m aut jte y}ohh satko`c a` }beot

sjhhy( du} jhh :95 bafey bjwe dee` teduoh}.

Jdau} 45(>>> fjy}et bauye&duohmo`c }tjoètyo`

}be tecoa ( fjo h mtjs taf }be tj`ky a }bejtf

j`m @CAy( }tjoèm fate }bj` 4>>(>>> jgei}em

bauye asèty( sba teduoh} so}b ~jfe`}yfjmej}

wjtoauy y}jcey a ~tacteyy( sboib sete wetoem

do`y~ei}aty. Jdau} 3:% a }jtce}em mey}taem

bauyey bjwe dee` teia`y}tui}em( j`m d Luè4>:>( o} oy er~ei}em }bj} 25% a 525(>>> tutjh

bauyey sohh de teduoh}.

Y}tahho`c jtau`m Tjtj }amj( aè yeey ho}}he yoc`

a }be mewjy}j}o`c ejt}bzujke }bj} meiofj}em

jhfay} jhh }be bauyey j`m kohhem :3 ~ea~he. ]bj`ky

}a }be teia`y}tui}oa`( }bete jte a`h bafeasèty

òybo`c u~ }beot ès msehho`cy.`

Bafe of~tawefe`} J wohhjcet satky a` boy bauye o` }be wohhjce a Tjtj(o` }be @at}bSey} Gta`}oet tawoìe

Tej~o`c sbj} }be yas Safe` o` }be ~talei} jtej jte jdhe }a ~hj`}yfjhh sbej} ehmy( sboib beh~ }bef ~tawome at }beot jfohoey

LjfeyBu}iboya`

LjfeyBu}iboya`


30/44

42

YjeSj}etDeate j ès sj}et j`myjò}j}oa` yy}ef( safe`

j`m ibohmte` o` }boy wohhjce

o` }be Ktc| fau`}jo`y

bjm }a sjhk at fohey j`m

y~e`m bauty }a iahhei}

ihej` sj}et

D Kjjtfj`dek Kuhuew

Teteybo`ch ejy }a mto`kO` }be fau`}jo`y a }be Ktc|Te~udhoi( eset ibohmte` jte ce}}o`cyoik }bj`ky }a }be ihej` sj}etjwjohjdhe j} }be wohhjce#y ès sj}et~uf~. ]boy da e`lay ihej` iaahsj}et y}tjocb} taf }be }j~

42


31/44

4

LAYBAHU( K_TC_\ TEÛDHOI

Mey~o}e }be jdu`mjìe a teyb sj}et bete(

safe` j`m ibohmte` o` }be fau`}joàuy

jtejy a }be Ktc| Te~udhoi a}e`bjm}a

sjhk fohey( j`m y~e`m bauty( }aiahhei}

}be ~teioauy teyautie taf }be èjtey} towet.Du}

}bj} oy ibj`co`c( }bj`ky }a j` JMD ctj`}(sboiboyof~tawo`c sj}et yu~~h j`m yjò}j}oa` o`tjy}tui}ute

o` tutjh jtejy.

Jdmfj`j~ howey so}b boy jfoh o` Laybahu wohhjce(

o` }be fau`}joàuy Jhjo moy}toi} o` }be yau}b a

}be iau`}t. Sj}et o` }be towet oy à} djm( be

yjy. Du} muto`c }be tjo` yejya` }be sj}et }ut`y

dtas` deijuye a }be mot}.

Wohhjcety bjm }a hejwe }be sj}et o` duike}y at j

es bauty }a he} }be mot} yo`k( er~hjo`y Jdmfj`j~.

O} sjy j wet ~tofo}owe h}eto`c yy}ef.

]be a}bet ~tadhef so}b towet sj}et oy }bj} iasy

j`m ybee~( sboib jte dtem o` }be moy}toi}( mto`k

taf }be yjfe towet( j`m a}e` y~aoh }be sj}et( }aa.

Jy j teyuh}( ibohmte` sba mtj`k y}tjocb} taf }be

towet sauhm ce} yoik.

Deate }be sj}et ~o~e sjy duoh} se bjm fj`

ijyey sbete ~ea~he sete ce}}o`c oèi}oa`y taf

}be sj}et( yjy Lj`jtcuh( j utye o` }be haijh

bay~o}jh. Mojttbej sjy wet iaffa`( ybe jmmy.

]be bay~o}jh o}yeh sjy ya ybat} a sj}et ewe`mai}aty }baucb} }soie jdau} sjybo`c }beot bj`my.

@utyey sjhkem 9 kohafe}ety }a dto`c }sa duike}y a

sj}et taf }be ihayey} towet.

O` }be wohhjce( safe` j`m ibohmte` sete

tey~a`yodhe at dto`co`c sj}et bafe taf }be towet.

Ewe` 5&ejt&ahm J|o|j bjm }a ijtt j duike} a sj}et(

du} ybe sjy huik}be towet oy a`h 5> fe}ety taf

bet bauye.

]be JMD&`jìem ~talei} ijhhem ]j|jyuu "ihej`

sj}et/ e`jdhem haijh iaffuò}oey }a ia`y}tui}

sj}et ~o~ey. ]be ~o~ey ~tawome y~to`c sj}et }afj` wohhjcey o` }be iau`}t( oìhumo`c Laybahu(

sboib bjy =(5>> teyome`}y.

]amj( safe` j`m ibohmte` iahhei} sj}et j}

y}j`m~o~ey o` }be wohhjce. ]be y}j`m~o~ey bjwe

deiafe yaiojh ie`}ety sbete }be safe` fee}

j`m ibj}. ]bete jte 57 y}j`m~o~ey jtau`m }be

wohhjce( a` jhfay} ewet iatèt( ~tawomo`c teyb(

ihej` y~to`c sj}et taf }be fau`}jo`y.

Aìe }be y~to`cy bjwe dee` haij}em }be jte

iawetem so}b j y~eiojh }e`} }a ehofo`j}e y~aoho`c

taf tjo` j`m jòfjhy. ô~ey }jke }be sj}et taf

}be y~to`c }a j teyetwaot j} }be }a~ a }be wohhjce.

]be teyetwaot ij` bahm u~ }a 5>>(>>> ho}ety( eàucb

}a ~tawome sj}et }a }be wohhjce at : mj( o` ijye }bey~to`cy y}a~ tu`ò`c.

Jdmjybf( sba }jkey ijte a }be teyetwaot( maey

à} dehoewe }be y~to`cy sohh y}a~ ~tamuio`c sj}et.

O} sohh èwet bj~~e`( be yjy. Du} ewe` o o} maey(

}be wohhjce sohh à} y}j so}bau} sj}et at wet ha`c.

]be JMD ~talei} jhya beh~em duohm j djiku~ sj}et

yu~~h yy}ef sboib ij` }jke sj}et taf }be towet

j`m }be` h}et j`m moy}todu}e o} }a }be wohhjce.

@as safe` bjwe hocb}et hajmy( èwet ijtto`cfate }bj` :>&ho}et duike}y a sj}et. Ibohmte` bjwe

heyy satk }a ma j`m fate }ofe }a y}um at ~hj.

\jfot j`m boy dta}bet Dekyuh}j` hoke }a ~hj so}b

}beot mac j}et yibaah. ]be ij` y~e`m fate

}ofe e`lao`c hoe j`m ij` mto`k sj}et j` }ofe

}be sj`}. Ge}ibo`c sj}et oy à} j doc ~tadhef

j`fate( \jfot er~hjo`y. ]be y}j`m~o~e oy luy}

jtau`m }be iatèt( j`m sj}et oy jhsjy jwjohjdhe.`

^talei} Oàtfj}oa`

Iaffuò}&Djyem O`tjy}tui}ute Yetwoiey

"4>>74>>?/

Go`jìo`c fohhoa ( Jyoj` Meweha~fe`} Gu`m haj` "JMD/;

-5.5> fohhoa ( Cawet`fe`} a }be Ktc| Te~udhoi;

-9.> fohhoa ( iaffuò}oey; -5>>(>>>( ~tawoìojh j`m

moy}toi} cawet`fe`}y

Y j g e S j } e t

Safe` bjwe hocb}et hajmy(

èwet ijtto`c fate }bj`

:>&ho}et duike}y a sj}et.

Ibohmte` bjwe heyy satk }a maj`m fate }ofe }a y}um at ~hj.


32/44

9>

A ]tjikJ tjohsj famet`o|j}oa` ~talei} oy fjko`cU|dekoy}j` j tecoa`jh hejmet o` tjoh }tj`y~at}D Ljfey Bu}iboya`

9>


33/44

9

]JYBKE@]( U\DEKOY]J@

A` }be ~hj}atf j} }be ]jybke`} tjohsj

y}j}oa`( aam j`m mto`k we`maty ijhh au}

}a ~jyye`cety. Ia`mui}aty o` y`j~~

U|dekoy}j` ]efot _ahhjto "U]_ / tjohsj

uòatfy ibeik }oike}y j`m beh~ ~ea~he }a }beot

yej}y. ]be }tjo` y~at}y j ybjtk haca( efdhefj}oi

a o}y y~eem. @a} ha`c jca( basewet( }be yetwoie

de}see` ]jybke`} j`m Dukbjtj sjy j`}bo`c du}

yso}.

J @es Y}jt} at j` Ahm TjohsjDeate dajtmo`c( Humfohj Tafjè`ka bucy bet

yoy}et j`m òeie. O` }be ~jy}( ybe a`h yjs }bef}soie j ejt< ce}}o`c }a }bef }aak j` jtmuauy(

daè&tj}}ho`c lautè( duf~o`c jha`c a` bjtm

yej}y at awet ? bauty at fate ejib sj. ]be

fametò|j}oa` a }be =9>&kohafe}et "kf/ tau}e

de}see` Dukbjtj j`m ]jybke`} bjy ibj`cem }bj}.

@as so}b }be ès }tjo`y( o} }jkey luy} 3 bauty

j`m O }tjweh o` iafat}( ya O woyo} ewet 4 fa`}by($

Tafjè`ka yjy( yfoho`c. $]bj} fjkey o} ejyoet }a

sjwe caamde }a }bef.

O` }be haiafa}owe ijd u~ jbejm( mtowet J`mte

Aheòk yo}y deate iaf~u}et yitee`y( ~etatfo`cyy}efy ibeiky a` }be ~asetuh moeyehehei}toi

e`coè( o` ~te~jtj}oa` at }be tu` taf ]jybke`}

}btaucb boy}atoi Yjfjtkj`m j`m }a }be jdhem

Yohk Tajm io} a Dukbjtj. So}b 47 ejty a` }be

tjohsj( Aheòk tefefdety sehh }be tau}e

deate }be JMD&u`mem Tjohsj Fametò|j}oa`

^talei} sjy iaf~he}em o` Meiefdet 4>>7. A`

jhfay} ewet }to~( }be ~aat ia`mo}oa` a }be

}tjik atiem haiafa}owe mtowety }a y}a~ at yhas

}a j itjsh. Itufdho`c yhee~ety j`m toike} tjohy

dtaucb} y~otjho`c fjo`}e`jìe iay}y j`m ewet&

oìtejyo`c mehjy( ey~eiojhh at hjtce teocb} }tjo`y

}tj`y~at}o`c }be duhk a }be iau`}ty ijtcaewet}bo`c taf ia}}a` }a foò`c ate~u}}o`c j

mtjc a` eiaàfoi meweha~fe`}.

]amj( a` famet` ehei}toem }tjik j`m iaìte}e

yhee~ety( }tjo`y hoke }be Ybjtk sboyk ~jyye`cety

yfaa}bh de}see` ]jybke`} j`m Dukbjtj j} j`

jwetjce a ?> kf ~et baut "k~b/( u~ taf 7> k~b.

Gteocb} }tjo`y yofohjth oìtejyem }beot y~eem(

dto`co`c jy}et ee} }ut`jtau`m( bocbet }tjik

u}oho|j}oa`( j`m temuiem }tj`y~at} iay}y.

A ` ] t j i k

9

Kohho`c }ofe ]be Ybjtk( j ès j`my~eem }tjo` taf ]jybke`} }a }bejdhem Yohk Tajm io} a Dukbjtj(bjy }jke` bauty ag }be }tjweh }ofede}see` }beye iat~atj}e j`m iuh}utjhie`}ety( of~tawo`c haijh }autoyf j`mduyoèyy


34/44

94

Jy Aheòk ejyey }be Ybjtk au} a ]jybke`}( ~oiko`c

u~ y~eem( ~jyye`cety hoe djik o` teihoò`c yej}y(

e`la y`jiky( j`m sj}ib }ehewoyoa`. O` j ~towj}e

iaf~jt}fe`}( Djmcj` Ybjkb`j|jtaw( j ~jt}èt o`

j yfjhh e`coèeto`c iaf~j`( er~hjo`y de}see`

yo~y a }ej bas be uyem }a taf Dukbjtj }a

duyoèyy j~~ao`}fe`}y o` ]jybke`}. ]be }tjo` sjy

u`tehojdhe; au èwet kès sbe` au sete cao`c

}a ce} }bete; o} sjy moiuh} }a fjke j~~ao`}fe`}y

so}b iuy}afety j`m yu~~hoety. @as O }jke }be }tjo`.O} oy iafat}jdhe j`m jttowey a` }ofe.

J}et U|dekoy}j` meihjtem o`me~e`meìe taf }be

atfet Yawoe} Uòa`( }be U|dek ~jt} a }be Ie`}tjh

Jyoj` Tjohsj deijfe }be U]_( j y}j}e&asèm

iaf~j` tey~a`yodhe at a~etj}o`c U|dekoy}j`y

tjohsj yy}ef. O`me~e`meìe dtaucb} j bay} a

ibjhhe`cey( basewet( oìhumo`c j ybjt~ mta~ o`

}tji( me}etoatj}o`c o`tjy}tui}ute mue }a hjik a

fjo`}e`jìe( j`m j` utce`} èem at ès hoèy }a

itej}e j `j}oa`jh tjoh è}satk.

JMD ~tawomem j -3> fohhoa` haj` at }be -:9>

fohhoa` Tjohsj Fametò|j}oa` ^talei}( sboib

ahhasem a` }be beehy a }be Tjohsj Tebjdoho}j}oa`

^talei}( }be ty} a o}y ko`m o` U|dekoy}j`. ]boy

atoco`jh ~talei}( decu` o` 4>>:( }aak 7 ejty }a

iaf~he}e j`m sjy jhya u`mem d j -3> fohhoa`

JMD haj`. O} }jikhem }be tebjdoho}j}oa` a }be

fjo` tjoh iattomat taf }be Kj|jkb datmet o`}be àt}bejy} }a }be datmet so}b ]utkfeòy}j`

o` }be yau}bsey}}be tau}e }bj} ijttoem }be

bocbey} wahufe a tjoh }tji. ]be fay} teie`}

tjohsj ~talei}( iaf~he}em o` Meiefdet 4>>7(

tebjdoho}j}em }be y}te}ib de}see` ]jybke`} j`m

Dukbjtj.

Aè Tjohsj( Ftojm Deèg}yDeyomey of~tawo`c }be eioeì a da}b teocb}

j`m ~jyye`cet tjoh }tji( }be ~talei} ef~haem

awet 5(>>> ~ea~he j} }be ~ejk a ia`y}tui}oa` j`m

itej}em 5>> ès lady( oìhumo`c at fjo`}e`jìe

y}jg( fjiboè a~etj}aty( j`m y}j}oa` aiety.

O} jioho}j}em o`}et`j}oa`jh }tjme d of~tawo`c

jiieyy }a èocbdato`c iau`}toey j`m yej~at}y.

O} o`}tamuiem famet` }tjik&hjo`c ezuo~fe`}

j`m eioe`} fjo`}e`jìe a tjohsj }tjiky.

]be o`y}jhhj}oa` a 4>> kf a det a~}oiy at

}eheiaffuòij}oa` yy}efy j`m ès tjmoa

ezuo~fe`} bjy ctej}h of~tawem U]_y e`}ote

iaffuòij}oa` è}satk j`m bjy fjme

iaffuòij}oa`y fate tehojdhe j`m eioe`}.

Bufj` teyautiey bjwe jhya of~tawem deijuye}be ~talei} }tjoèm y}jg o` sjy }a yuy}jo` }beye

}eibàhacoijh of~tawefe`}y. O} jhya ey}jdhoybem

j yfjhh duyoèyy u`m at atfet tjohsj satkety.

JMD j`m }be Atcjò|j}oa` a ê}taheuf

Er~at}o`c Iau`}toey "AÊI/ Gu`m at O`}et`j}oa`jh

Meweha~fe`} "AGOM/ `jìem ezuo~fe`} j`m

}eheiaffuòij}oa` of~tawefe`}y( sbohe U]_

`jìem }tjik tebjdoho}j}oa`.

Cao`c Famet`< O`àwj}owe Yhee~etyj`m TjohyMe~jt}fe`} bejm j} U]_ @jwtu| Etkoàw yjy

}be fjo` of~tawefe`}y sete uhh te~hjio`c }beahm }tjiky so}b y}eeh tjoh ey~eiojhh atfuhj}em

at famet` tjohsjy( y}j}e&a&}be&jt} iaìte}e

yhee~ety( j`m y~eiojh erodhe tjoh jy}eèty}be

yjfe yy}ef uyem o` Euta~e sbete }tjo`y tejib

95> k~b.

]a y~eem u~ }be ~taieyy( }be cawet`fe`}

ia`}tji}em ~towj}e iaf~jòey }a ye} u~ ji}atoey

j`m fjùji}ute }tjik j`m yhee~ety o` U|dekoy}j`.

O` j` u`j`}oio~j}em deè} a }be ~talei}( }beye

Mtowety a ctas}b êtatfo`c yy}efy ibeiky a` }be ~asetuh moeyehehei}toi e`coè( mtowet J`mte Aheòk teijhhy }be mjy sbe` itufdho`cyhee~ety j`m toike} tjohy dtaucb} y~otjho`c fjo`}e`jìe iay}y j`m mehjy(ey~eiojhh at hjtce teocb} }tjo`y }bj} ijttoem }be duhk a }be iau`}tyijtca.

@as so}b }be ès }tjo`y( o} }jkey luy}

3 bauty j`m O }tjweh o` iafat}( ya O woyo}

[f yoy}et j`m òeieV ewet 4 fa`}by. ]bj}

fjkey o} ejyoet }a sjwe caamde }a }bef.

Humfohj Tafjè`ka

LjfeyBu}iboya`


35/44

9

^talei} Oàtfj}oa`Tjohsj Fametò|j}oa` talei} "4>>74>>3/

Go`jìo`c(>>>( Lj~j` Y~eiojh Gu`m "JMD/;

-3>.> fohhoa ( Atmo`jt Ij~o}jh Teyautiey "JMD/

A ` ] t j i k

~hj`}y jte ia`}oùo`c }a yu~~h iaìte}e yhee~ety

j`m bocb&zujho} }tjik at ès ~talei}y ehyesbete

o` U|dekoy}j`( sboib bjy j tjohsj è}satk a awet

=(5>> kf.

J} }be iaìte}e yhee~et fjùji}uto`c ~hj`} a` }be

au}ykot}y a ]jybke`}( tjohsj }tjik y~eiojhoy} Jhekya

Awibo`òkaw sjhky }be }btee ~tamui}oa` hoèysbete 9>> satkety ~tamuie :(45> yhee~ety j mj.

]beye jte }be sathmy fay} jmwjìem yhee~ety( be

yjy. ]be iaf~j` bjy fjùji}utem j y}jcceto`c

:.45 fohhoa` yhee~ety yoìe o} decj` ~tamuio`c

}bef at U]_ o` 4>>=. ]be tjohy jte jy}eèm }a

}be yhee~ety so}b j } j`m atce} ehjy}oi Dto}oyb

^j`mtah Gjy}iho~ }bj} ij` de ~teo`y}jhhem j} }be

ji}at j`m }bj} ij`à} de moyfj`}hem so}bau} j

y~eiojh }aah( at e`bjìem yeiuto}.

Jy }be iaìte}e yhee~ety jte ~autem( :7 sotey

o`yome jte behm u`met }e`yoa` u`}oh }be for ye}y(itej}o`c ctej} y}te`c}b. Sbohe saame` yhee~ety

bjwe j hoey~j` a jdau} :5 ejty( }beye bocb&}eib

iaìte}e famehy jte cujtj`}eem at 5> ejty.

]be iafdo`j}oa` a }be ehjy}oi iho~ j`m yhee~et

meyoc` mtjy}oijhh iu}y o`y}jhhj}oa` }ofe a`&yo}e j`m

fjo`}e`jìe.

Etkoàw yjy }bj} o` 4>:> }be Y~jòyb iaf~j`

]jhca sohh yu~~h U]_ so}b }sa bocb&y~eem

haiafa}owey j`m :: ijty ij~jdhe a tejibo`c

45> k~b a` }be fametò|em }tjik de}see`

]jybke`} j`m Dukbjtj. ]beye sohh de o` yetwoie d4>::( yjy Etkoàw.

Mjoh dtejm J` e`}te~teèut yehhy dtejm j} j ès }tjo` y}j}oa`( sboib bjyitej}em j y~jie at iaffetie

E`lao`c }be tome O` es }tjo` ijty( ~jyye`cety jte jdhe }a tey}( tejm( at satk( }bj`ky }a famet` ia`weòeìey j`m j yfaa}bet tome

LjfeyBu}iboya`

LjfeyBu}iboya`

]be }to~ oy er~ei}em }a }jke 4 bauty at heyy. Io}

ie`}et }a io} ie`}et($ be yjy( $o} sohh de jy}et

}bj` o`c. Bocbet&a~etj}o`c y~eemy ia`}todu}e

}a oìtejyem ee} }ut`jtau`m j`m fate eioe`}

}tjik u}oho|j}oa`( sboib temuiey }tj`y~at} iay}y.`


36/44

9=

Tjohsj }aTecoa`jh

O`}ectj}oa`

D boho~ Saam

J ès tjohsj sohh ia`èi} Jcbjòy}j` }a

U|dekoy}j`y er~j`yowe tjoh è}satk( fjko`c

}be sjt&}at` iau`}t j bud at }tjme de}see`

Ie`}tjh Jyoj j`m sathm fjtke}y

9=


37/44

9

T j o h s j } a

Gat fj` ie`}utoey( Jcbjòy}j`#y y}tj}ecoi

haij}oa` bjy ~tawe` }a de j hojdoho}. Du}

}amj( jy es }tjme tau}ey jte atcem

ia`èi}o`c hj`mhaikem Ie`}tjh Jyoj so}b }be

daafo`c eiaàfoey a Yau}b Jyoj j`m }be Fommhe

Ejy}( Jcbjòy}j`#y ceactj~boi ~ayo}oa` oy ~tawo`cj wjhujdhe jyye}.

]be ~teyeìe a fjyyowe duhhma|ety a` }be muy}

àt}bet` ~hjo`y a Bjotj}j` j}}ey}y }a }be ji} }bj}

Jcbjòy}j` oy ~aoyem }a deiafe j tecoa`jh bud

at }tjme j`m iaffetie.

O} oy bete( luy} jitayy }be towet taf èocbdato`c

U|dekoy}j`( }bj} }be ty} duohmo`c dhaiky a j

35&kohafe}et yo`che&hoè tjohsj jte deo`c ~u} o`

~hjiefjyyowe yei}oa` d fjyyowe yei}oa`

}bj`ky }a j -:75 fohhoa` JMD ctj`}.

]be Bjotj}j` datmet ~ay} jhtejm yetwey jy }be

cj}esj at jhfay} bjh a Jcbjòy}j`y tajm

of~at}y( du} }be eroy}o`c }tj`y~at} o`tjy}tui}ute

ij`à} ia~e so}b }be er~j`mo`c wahufe a }tjme.

Sbe` iaf~he}em o` hj}e 4>:>( }be ès tjoh hoè sohh

beh~ tefawe }be fjlat ~byoijh da}}heèiky }bj}

bjwe atfem j} }be datmet( }beted zujmtu~ho`c

ij~jio} j`m daay}o`c tecoa`jh }tjme.

Jy ~jt} a }be ]tj`y~at} Y}tj}ec j`m Ji}oa`

^hj` u`met }be Ie`}tjh Jyoj Tecoa`jh EiaàfoiIaa~etj}oa` "IJTEI/ ^tactjf( }be tjoh ~talei} sohh

a~e` u~ jh}et`j}owe yu~~h tau}ey at `j}oa`jh j`m

o`}et`j}oa`jh }tjme( jy sehh jy at bufjò}jtoj`

tehoe.

]be ès hoè sohh ia`èi} Jcbjòy}j` }a

U|dekoy}j`#y er~j`yowe tjoh è}satk. ]be oò}ojh

yecfe`} sohh tu` de}see` Bjotj}j` j`m Fj|jt&

e&Ybjto( Jcbjòy}j`#y yeia`m hjtcey} io}. Gu}ute

ho`ky jte ~hj`èm }bj} sohh tu` jitayy }be àt}b j`m

}a a}bet ~jt}y a }be iau`}t j`m tecoa`( oìhumo`c

Betj}( jkoy}j`( ]jlokoy}j`( j`m ]utkfeòy}j`.

]be ès }tjo` hoè sohh daay} teocb} wahufey(

haset iay}y( j`m tjoye }be ~tahe a Jcbjòy}j`

jy j }tj`yo} tau}e( yjom JMD Jcbjòy}j` Iau`}tMotei}at Itjoc Y}ege`ye`.

$O` jmmo}oa`( Ie`}tjh Jyoj` y}j}ey j`m Ro`loj`c(

êa~he#y Te~udhoi a Ibo`j( sohh de jdhe }ajiieyy

sathm fjtke}y fate ibej~h j`m ejyoh woj

Jcbjòy}j` j`m yej~at}y a` }be Cuh( }buy

of~tawo`c }beot iaf~e}o}oweèyy o` sathm fjtke}y.$

JMD#y fjlat tahe o` }be U|dekoy}j`Jcbjòy}j`

tjohsj ~talei} oy }ey}jfe`} }a o}y ef~bjyoy a`

IJTEI. Gau`mem o` :??3( IJTEI oy j ~jt}ètybo~

a eocb} iau`}toeyJcbjòy}j`( J|etdjolj`( }beêa~he#y Te~udhoi a Ibo`j( Kj|jkby}j`(}beKtc|

Te~udhoi( Fa`cahoj( ]jlokoy}j`( j`mU|dekoy}j`

j`m yor fuh}ohj}etjh o`y}o}u}oa`y< JMD(}beEuta~ej`

Dj`k at Teia`y}tui}oa` j`m Meweha~fe`}(}be

O`}et`j}oa`jh Faè}jt Gu`m( }be Oyhjfoi

Meweha~fe`} Dj`k( }be U o}em @j}oa`y Meweha~fe`}

^tactjffe( j`m }be Sathm Dj`k. JMD bjy yetwem

jy }be IJTEI yeite}jtoj} yoìe 4>>>.

IJTEI ~tawomey }be `jìe j`m omejyà}jdho`

}be jtejy a eètc( }tjme( j`m }tj`y~at}}a

~tafa}e eiaàfoi meweha~fe`} j`m temuie

~awet}. O}y djikdaè oy j ~hj` }a meweha~ jyejfheyy è}satk a yor }tj`y~at} iattomaty }a

ia`èi} fefdet iau`}toey }a aè jà}bet jy

sehh jy }a }be jy}&ctaso`c eiaàfoey a Ejy} j`m

Yau}b Jyoj j`m ey}jdhoybem fjtke}y o` Euta~e j`m

}be Tuyyoj` Gemetj}oa`.

Yof~h ~u}< }be Bjotj}j` }a Fj|jt&e&Ybjto tjoh ho`k

oy IJTEI o` ji}oa`. `

^talei} Oàtfj}oa`

Bjotj}j` }a Fj|jt&e&Ybjto Tjohsj ^talei}

"4>>?4>:>/

Go`jìo`c< -:75 fohhoa ( Jyoj` Meweha~fe`} Gu`m

"JMD/

T j o h s j } a

BJOTJ]J@( JGCBJ@OY]J@

Hjo`c ~hj`y Ia`}tji}aty j`m ia`yuh}j`}y haak awet j` au}hoè a }be~ta~ayem tau}e a }be es tjohsj( sboib sohh bjwe j fjlat eiaàfoiof~ji} a` }as`y j`m wohhjcey jha`c o}y ~j}b

Cawet`fe`}agU|dekoy}j`


38/44

9797

]be ctj`meut a j ès ceètj}oa` a

ba}ehy j`m duohmo`cy }bj} y~tj`c u~ o`

J|etdjolj`y ij~o}jh muto`c o}y hj}ey} aoh

daaf( jha`cyome }be ~jhj}ojh teyomeìey

j`m iowoi y}tui}utey duoh} muto`c }be aoh da`j`|j a

j ie`}ut jca( ~teye`} j ybjt~ ia`}tjy} }a bjtybet

ia`mo}oa`y o` }be tey} a }be iau`}t.

_e} }be mowome de}see` ij~o}jh j`m iau`}tyome oy

`jttaso`c. ]be hjtceh jctjtoj` iau`}tyome y}ohh

y}tucchey so}b }be }tj`yo}oa` taf j iaffj`m }a

j fjtke} eiaàf èjth 4> ejty j}et }be jhh a

}be Yawoe} Uòa`j`m so}b }be egei}y a iaòi}

so}b Jtfeòj o` }be fom&:??>y. Du} o}y }tjwjohy jte

deo`c fjme ejyoet so}b }be u~ctjmo`c a j tajm

}bj} y}jt}y o` }be ejy} j} Djku( a` }be Ijy~oj` Yej(

j`m }tjwetyey sey}sjtm }a Ceatcoj( Euta~e( j`m

dea`m.

Tajm }a

Teiawet

J tebjdoho}j}em ejy}sey} iattomat bjy j wo}jh tahe }a ~hj

jy J|etdjolj` meweha~y j emcho`c à`&aoh o`muy}tojh djye.

D Oj Cohh

DJKU( J\ETDJOLJ@

Ke yei}oa`y a }be 5>>&kohafe}et "kf/ ejy}sey}

iattomat( deo`c tebjdoho}j}em u`met ~talei}y

yu~~at}em d JMD( sohh iawet :94 kf j} j iay} a

-93> fohhoa`. ]boy oy ~jt} a }be hjtcet JMD&djikem

Ie`}tjh Jyoj Tecoa`jh Eiaàfoi Iaa~etj}oa`

"IJTEI/ ^tactjf( u`met sboib eocb} iau`}toey

bjwe jcteem }a y~e`m -:2.3 dohhoa` }a fametò|e

j`m er~j`m yor tajm j`m tjoh iattomaty }bj} }tjwetyesbj} sjy aìe }be Yohk Tajm è}satk de}see` }be

êa~hey Te~udhoi a Ibo`j j`m Euta~e.

O} oy à yfjhh }jyk< bjh }be iau`}ty tajmy jte

ctjweh djyem j`m 3>% èem te~jot( j`m aoh y}ohh

jiiau`}y at awet ?>% a er~at} ejtò`cy. Du} }be

cawet`fe`} oy kee` }a mowetyo j`m oy jhhaij}o`c

fate aoh teweùeysboib jte er~ei}em }a tu`

}a bu`mtemy a dohhoa`y a mahhjty o` }be iafo`c

ejtyat tajmy j`m a}bet o`tjy}tui}ute.


39/44

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Of~tawo`c ^tamui} Zujho} oy ItuiojhIhayet }tj`y~at} j`m }tjme }oey so}b o}y èocbdaty

j`m }be ejy}sey} iattomat jte ituiojh }a }boy

egat} jy fuib a J|etdjolj`y j}}tji}oa` hoey o` o}y

deo`c ~jt} a j tecoa`jh dhai. ]a fuh}o`j}oa`jh

iaf~jòey( se yehh J|etdjolj` jy ~jt} a }be

Eutjyoj Duyoèyy ^hj}atf }bj} iaf~toyey òè

iau`}toey( yjy j Djku&djyem }tjme j`jhy} sbate~teye`}y o`}et`j}oa`jh j`m haijh er~at}ety.

Fuib a }be o`muy}tojh y}tj}ec o`wahwey

~taieyyo`c jctoiuh}utjh caamy j`m jiieyyo`c

}be bocbh iaf~e}o}owe j`m zujho}&ia`yioauy

Euta~ej` fjtke}y( yjy Efoh Fjlomaw( bejm a

J|~tafa( }be cawet`fe`} jceì }jykem so}b

eìautjco`c er~at}y j`m o`wey}fe`}.

Fjlomaw jofy }a ~etyujme yfjhh j`m femouf&

yo|em ~tamuiety o` }be aam&~taieyyo`c yei}at( at

erjf~he( }a iafe }ace}bet }a of~tawe ~tamui}

zujho} jy sehh jy deiafe fate iaf~e}o}owe o`fjtke}o`c j`m moy}todu}oa`.

^joùh ]tj`yo}oa`]be tajm oy jhya of~at}j`} }a teyuyio}j}o`c j`

jctoiuh}ute yei}at y}ohh y}toike` d }be moyfj`}ho`c

a Yawoe}&etj iahhei}owe jtfy.

]boy oy ewome`} jtau`m Cj`lj( }be iau`}ty yeia`m

hjtcey} io} =9> kf sey} a Djku( sbete jtfety

jte jmluy}o`c }a ès tejho}oey( yjy Jto Ljbj`cotaw(

me~u} motei}at a }be Cj`lj Tecoa`jh Ia`yuh}o`c

Ie`}te( j ~towj}eh u`mem jceì }bj} jmwoyeyjtfety bas }a oìtejye ~tamui}owo}.

J}et o`me~e`meìe( tutjh hj`m sjy temoy}todu}em

jfa`c wohhjcety sba teieowem( a` jwetjce( :

bei}jte ejib. ]be ~taieyy sjy wet ~joùh at

~ea~he( sba bjm dee` a`h hjdatety( }a hejt`

jdau} jtfo`c( ey~eiojhh o }be mom`} bjwe

faè }a du jtf ezuo~fe`}( yjy Ljbj`cotaw.

Du} be oy às jmwoyo`c jtfety }a dj`m }ace}bet

jcjo` }a jiboewe eiaàfoey a yijhe o }be sj`}

}a tewowe er~at}y a sbej} at ctj~ey }a }be Tuyyoj`

Gemetj}oa`( at erjf~he. Ya jt( }boy à}oa` oyfee}o`c teyoy}jìe jy fefatoey a iahhei}owe

jtfo`c tefjo` teyb.

@aè}beheyy( j} }be wohhjce a Fatuh( 9> kf àt}b

a Cj`lj( j atfet fj`jcet a j iahhei}owe jtf

oy ybaso`c }be sj. Jy sehh jy tjoyo`c ita~y j`m

dteemo`c ij}}he( Atuib Fjffemaw( 79( yehhy yeemy

}a a}bet jtfety. J} }be }ofe a }be o`}etwoes( be

~hj`èm }a ia`y}tui} j fjtke} o` j èjtd }as` o`

ba~ey }bj} be j`m a}bet jtfety iauhm èca}oj}e

^talei} Oàtfj}oa`

Ejy}Sey} Bocbsj Of~tawefe`} ^talei}

"4>>54>:>/

Go`jìo`c


40/44

92 ^jwo`c }be Sj

at Ctas}bD boho~ Saam

]bj`ky }a j ès iaìte}e j`m jy~bjh} tajm taf }beot wohhjce }a

}be ij~o}jh( teyome`}y a Ado Cjtf ij` }tjweh }a Muybj`de o` bjh }be

}ofe jy o` ejty ~jy}

92

Iaìte}e of~tawefe`}y]be es ~jwem tajm tafMuybj`de sohh ewe`}ujhhia`èi} }a }be Ktc| Te~udhoidatmet( beh~o`c haijh jtfety j`mdaay}o`c }tjme jy duyoèyyey `mès fjtke}y at }beot ~tamui}y.


41/44

9

@a yoc` o`moij}ey sbete j fjlat JMD

tajm ~talei} }j~ety ag o` Tjyb} moy}toi}(

]jlokoy}j`. Du} ihaye aut eey j`m o}

oy ejy }a }ehh. Yfaa}b iaìte}e tajm

jdtu~}h cowey sj }a ljtto`c( tu}}em }ettjo`( j`m

weboihey bejmo`c ejy} taf }be ij~o}jh Muybj`dedeco` j =5&kohafe}et "kf/ itjsh.

Mtowety iafo`c o` }be a}bet motei}oa` `m }be

iaìte}e }a de j sehiafe tehoe j}et e`muto`c j

ha`c( yj`m ~a}bahem y}te}ib a tajm. A` jttowo`c

j} heweh jy~bjh}( }be y}a~ j} j fjkeybo} ijt sjyb

sbete }be }btas duike}y a dtjikoyb sj}et awet

}beot mot}&eìtuy}em weboihey.

]boy duf~ }tj`yo}oa` taf iaìte}e }a muy} ij`

de au`m o` }be wohhjce a Ado Cjtf( yafe ?5 kf

ejy} a Muybj`de. O} fjtky }be luì}ute de}see`

}sa ~bjyey a j fjlat JMD tajm tebjdoho}j}oa`yibefe }bj} sohh ewe`}ujhh ia`èi} }be ij~o}jh

so}b }be Ktc| Te~udhoi datmet yafe 9=> kf }a

}be àt}bejy}.

Of~tawem Jiieyy( J~~teioj}o`c OìafeyU~a` iaf~he}oa`( }be Muybj`deKtc|

datmet tajm sohh bjwe deè}em taf }btee JMD

o`wey}fe`}y }a}jho`c -::2 fohhoa`. Satk a` }be

oò}ojh ~bjyetaf Muybj`de }a Ado Cjtf

decj` o` 4>>9 j`m sjy iaf~he}em o` 4>>2. Satk

a` }be yeia`m ~bjye( sboib oìhumey }be =5 kf

duf~ y}te}ib bejmo`c ejy} taf Ado Cjtf( oyyibemuhem }a deco` o` fom&4>:>. Satk a` j }botm

~bjye}be tebjdoho}j}oa` a }be `jh :4> kf

y}te}ib hejmo`c }a }be datmetdecj` o` 4>>2 j`m

oy yibemuhem }a òyb o` 4>:9.

]jtce}o`c j tecoa` so}b j ~awet} oìomeìe

ey}ofj}em j} ?>%( }be JMD&u`mem tajm u~ctjmey

bjwe bjm offemoj}e of~ji}y.

Teyome`}y a Ado Cjtf y~ejk a bas }be u~ctjmem

y}te}ib hejmo`c }a Muybj`de bjy ibj`cem }beot

howey. $_au ij`à} j~~teioj}e bas fuib }be

~a~uhj}oa` bete j~~teioj}ey }boy tajm($ yjy YjtKjtofaw( j wohhjce teyome`}. $Deate( ~ea~he a`h

se`} }a Muybj`de sbe` }be bjm }a($ be yjom.

$@as( ~ea~he jte sohho`c }a ca jhh }be }ofe deijuye

}be ij`.$

@uytj}uhha Oybj`ljàw( j` e`coèet so}b ]jlokoy}j`#y

Foòy}t a ]tj`y~at} j`m Iaffuòij}oa`y(

meyitodey bas }tjweh }ofe de}see` Ado Cjtf j`m

Muybj`de bjy dee` iu} o` bjh( fejò`c ibej~et

}tj`y~at} iay}y at ewet}bo`c taf ~ea~he }a

~tamuie.

$]boy oy j hjtceh jctoiuh}utjh tecoa`( j`m }beteate

fay} a }be ~tamui}y }bj} iafe taf bete jte

~etoybjdhe($ be yjom. $Of~tawem tajmy beh~ ce}

tuo}y j`m wece}jdhey }a }be fjtke} fate zuoikh

j`m jhya dto`c mas` }be iay} a mao`c ya($ yjom

Oybj`ljàw( .

Of~at}j`} Ho`ky }a O`}et`j}oa`jh Fjtke}ySbe` }be e`}ote tajm oy iaf~he}e( weboihey sohh

de jdhe }a mtowe taf Muybj`de }a }be Ktc|

datmet o` luy} 7 }a 2 bauty( j lju`} iaf~jtem so}b

}be 4= bauty o} }aak deate JMD&`jìem tajm

of~tawefe`}y ca} u`met sj.

O` }be fej`}ofe( mtowety }tjweho`c de}see`

AdoCjtf j`m }be Ktc| datmet sohh bjwe }a

ia`}oùe }a e`mute mot}( muy}( j`m mehjy.

ADO CJTF( ]JLOKOY]J@

Gteemaf a fa}oa` Yjt Kjtofaw j`m boy ya` howe o` Ado Cjtf. Deate }betajm( yjom Kjtofaw( teyome`}y tjteh fjme }be }to~ }a }be ij~o}jh( Muybj`de.$@as }be ca jhh }be }ofe deijuye }be ij`.$

^ j w o ` c } b e S j

Of~tawefe`} a }be Muybj`deKtc|

datmet tajm jha`c so}b tutjh tajmy temuiey

]jlokoy}j`y oyahj}oa` j`m bjy tefjtkjdhe

motei} yaiojh of~ji} a` }be ~aat.

Fjka}a Alota( JMDy Iau`}t Motei}at gat ]jlokoy}j`

WjibeyhjwAyehemka


42/44


43/44


44/44

Jyoj` Meweha~fe`} Dj`k

]amjy êa~he( ]afattasy ^tay~eto}< Tewowo`c Ctas}b o` Ie`}tjh j`m Sey} Jyoj

Ie`}tjh j`m Sey} Jyoj< bafe ag }be Yohk Tajm j`m o}y boy}atoi fetibj`} ij~o}jhy ag Dukbjtj j`mYjfjtkj`m( Betj} j`m Kjybcjt; ag }be get}ohe goehmy ag }be Getcj`j Wjhhe; j`m ag }be fj` iuh}uteyag }be Ijuijyuy. @ejth 4> ejty yoìe fj` ag }beye iau`}toey efetcem gtaf }be iahhj~yo`c Yawoe}Uòa`( }be Jyoj` Meweha~fe`} Dj`k "JMD/ ia`}oùey }a beh~ }bef teduohm j`m tegatf wo}jh yetwoieyj`m o`gtjy}tui}ute. Gtaf foitago`jìe j`m emuij}oa` ~talei}y }a }eheiaffuòij}oa y( gtaf moyjy}ettoyk temui}oa` }a ès tajmy j`m tjohy( JMD oy satko`c so}b iau`}toey o` }be tecoa` }a tewowe }be YohkTajm j`m dto`c ~tay~eto} djik }a aè ag }be sathmy itjmhey ag iowoho|j}oa`.

Jdau} }be Jyoj` Meweha~fe`} Dj`k

JMDy woyoa` oy j` Jyoj j`m jiogoi tecoa` gtee ag ~awet}. O}y foyyoa` oy }a beh~ o}y meweha~o`c fefdetiau`}toey yudy}j`}ojhh temuie ~awet} j`m of~tawe }be zujho} ag hoge ag }beot ~ea~he. Mey~o}e }betecoa`y fj` yuiieyyey( o} tefjo`y bafe }a }sa&}botmy ag }be sathmy ~aat< :.2 dohhoa` ~ea~he sbahowe a` heyy }bj` -4 j mj( so}b ?>9 fohhoa` y}tuccho`c a` heyy }bj` -:.45 j mj. JMD oy iaffo}}em}a temuio`c ~awet} }btaucb oìhuyowe eiaàfoi ctas}b( e`wota`fe`}jhh yuy}jo`jdhe ctas}b( j`mtecoa`jh o`}ectj}oa`.

Djyem o` Fjòhj( JMD oy asèm d 73 fefdety( oìhumo`c =2 gtaf }be tecoa`. O}y fjo` o`y}tufe`}ygat beh~o`c o}y meweha~o`c fefdet iau`}toey jte ~ahoi mojhacue( haj`y( ezuo} o`wey}fe`}y(cujtj`}eey( ctj`}y( j`m }eibòijh jyyoy}jìe.

Today's People, Tomorrow's Prosperity: Reviving Growth in Central and West Asia

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