Today’s Lesson A note from me to you…

I apologize for not being with you today. I have tried to make this a PowerPoint that is easy to follow and one from which you can learn. During the presentation, you will see notations telling you to add certain things to

your notebooks. On some slides, I have referenced or named page numbers in your notebooks. Do not get wrapped up in the page numbers! Just follow

along in your notebooks and record the required information.

Be sure you read and study the PowerPoint thoroughly. I am counting on each of you to take responsibility for your learning. Should you come across any

questions or problems, or simply do not understand something, make a note of it or email me and I can help you.

Today’s lesson continued…

The following slides (3-16) review the Industrial Revolution. Slides 17-26 review Imperialism. From slide 27 until the end, it is all World War I and

the Russian Revolution.

When you get to World War I, take notes on the essential questions (slide 28). You will want to write down the essential questions and the answers. Place both questions and answers on the page in your notebook where you wrote the causes of the war (the Powder Keg picture or what we did yesterday). Continue onto

the next page in your notebook if necessary.

Industrialization through the Rise of Dictators

THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION

The Beginnings of a Technological Revolution

The Enclosure Movement

Wealthy landowners bought farmland from the poorer landowners.

After buying up the land of village farmers, the wealthy landowners enclosed their lands with fencing. They then used the latest farming inventions and innovations to grow more crops. Smaller landowners could not compete.

Small famers were forced to either become tenant farmers or to move to the cities in search of jobs.

An increase in food supply and living conditions led to an increase in population.

As the population increased so did the demand for more food and goods.

Farmers who had lost their lands because of the enclosure movement moved to the cities in search of jobs. They became factories workers as England began it’s Industrial Revolution.

The Industrial Revolution

The Industrial Revolution

The Industrial Revolution began in England because of its ample natural resources like coal and iron ore and the invention o f the steam engine. The ideas and innovations of the Industrial Revolution would eventually spread throughout Western Europe and to the United States.

What generalizations can you make from this map?

• During the IR, England saw a growth in the textile, iron, and steel industries.

• As more goods became produced in factories, fewer goods were produced in the home (cottage industries)

As Industrial powers continued to grow, they sought to control raw

materials and markets through the world.

What might be the consequence of this search for raw materials and markets?

Technological advance of the IR

James Hargreaves: Spinning Jenny

James Watt: Steam Engine

Technological Advances of the IR

Henry Bessemer: The Bessemer Process- a more efficient method for making steel

Eli Whitney: Cotton Gin

Advances in Science and Medicine

Edward Jenner

• Developed smallpox vaccination

Louis Pasteur’s discovery that microorganisms cause disease

ushered medicine and food preservation into the 20th

century.

Imp

act

of

the

Ind

ust

rial

R

evo

luti

on

Population Increase

Increased standard of living for many, but not all

Improved transportation

Urbanization-the growth of cities

Environmental pollution

Increased Education

Growth of the middle class

Dissatisfaction of working class with working conditions

The nature of work in the factory system

Harsh working conditions with men competing with women and

children for wages

Child labor that kept costs of production low and profits high

Owners of mines and factories who exercised considerable

control over the lives of their laborers

Lobbied for laws to improve the

lives of workers, including women

and children

Wanted workers’ rights and collective

bargaining between labor

and management

Labor Unions encouraged worker-organized strikes to demand increased wages and improved working conditions

Social Effects of the IR

• Women and children entering the workplace as cheap labor

• Introduction of reforms to end child labor

• Expansion of education

• Women’s increased demands for suffrage

• The cotton gin increased demand for slave labor on American plantations.

• The United States and Britain outlawed the slave trade and then slavery itself.

Impact of the IR on Slavery

Capitalism and market competition fueled the Industrial Revolution. Wealth increased the standard of living for some.

Social dislocations associated with capitalism produced a range of economic and

political ideas, including socialism and communism.

Economic Systems

Capitalism

• Adam Smith’s The Wealth of Nations

• Role of market competition and entrepreneurial abilities

• Impact of the standard of living and the growth of the middle class

• Dissatisfaction with poor working conditions and unequal distribution of wealth in society

Socialism and Communism

• Karl Marx’s The Communist Manifesto (written with Friedrich Engels) and Das Kapital

• Response to the injustices of Capitalism

• Importance to communists of redistribution of wealth

IMPERIALISM

Industrial nations in Europe needed natural resources and markets to expand their economies. These nations competed to control Africa and Asia in order to secure their own economic and political success. Imperialism spread the economic, political, and social philosophies of Europe throughout the world.

Forms of Imperialism

Colonies Protectorates

Spheres of influence

Spheres of Influence

Countries control

cities/trade – China is carved up into spheres

Imperialism around the World

Notes for Imperialism Map

1. China

• Europeans created spheres of influences • Boxer Rebellion-Boxers wanted Europeans

out of their country • Europeans win

2. Japan • Japan had practiced a policy of isolationism • Commodore Perry of the U.S. opens Japan

to trade • Japan will industrialize and become powerful

3. Egypt (Suez Canal) • French built the Suez Canal in Egypt • Connects the Mediterranean Sea to the Red

Sea • Egypt becomes a protectorate of Britain

4. India • East India Company dominated India • Britain takes over India (colony) • Indian nationalism begins Indian

National Congress

5. Russo-Japanese War- 1905 • Russia and Japan want Korea and Manchuria

(China) • Japan wins

6. Vietnam/Cambodia • French colony (called Indochina)

Boxer Rebellion

• Society of Harmonious Fist

• Violent resistance to foreign influence A group of Boxers attacking Chinese

Christians

The Boxer Rebellion: assassination of the German ambassador

What might be the result of this competition?

Nations competed to control Africa and Asia in order to secure their own economic and political success.

WORLD WAR I 1914-1918

World War I (1914-1918) was caused by competition among industrial nations in Europe and a failure of diplomacy. The war transformed European and American life,

wrecked the economies of Europe, and planted the seeds for a second world war.

Remember….

Industrialization

Imperialism

World War I

The Essential Questions

1. What were the factors (or causes) that produced World War I?

2. What were the major events of the war?

3. Who were the major leaders?

4. What were the outcomes and global effects of World War I?

5. What were the terms of the Treaty of Versailles?

These are the questions you will want to add to your notes. Write down the questions and the answers. Add these questions to the bottom of the

powder keg picture and continue onto page 49 if necessary.

Causes of World War I

Militarism

Competition Over colonies

Imperialism

Diplomatic failures

Nationalism

Alliances Divided Europe

World War I

See map in your notes. Think about the problems caused by

alliances.

Meaning?

Recall the spheres of influence map and the scramble

for Africa Map.

Make sure you can

EXPLAIN these causes..

1. __________________ 2. __________________ 3. __________________ 4. __________________ 5. __________________ 6. __________________ 7. __________________ 8. __________________ 9. __________________

Can you identify all of these countries? Do you remember which ones

make up the Central powers and which ones

make up the Allied Powers?

World War I

During World War I, the Central Powers (Austria-Hungary, Germany, the Ottoman Turks, and Bulgaria) faced enemies on

both sides of their borders-France to the west, and Russia to the east. France, Russia, Great Britain, and Italy in 1915 were the Allied Powers. Fighting concentrated in these border areas, which became known as the Western Front and the Eastern

Front. Germany’s strategy, the Schlieffen Plan, was first to attack France through neutral Belgium, before Russia on the Eastern

Front had a chance to gather its forces.

See more on the next slide

Events of World War I

U.S. enters WWI Helps Allies win

1917

Russia leaves WWI Revolution!

1917

Assassination Franz

Ferdinand A-H 1914

Events

The spark that ignited or started the war. It was an

early example of nationalism and terrorism.

Note the date; 1917 is three years after the war started. Officially, the United States was neutral until 1917. By June, 1918, 250,00 U.S. troops were arriving in France a month. The U.S. also provided food and over $7 billion in loans to the allied governments.

1917-The Russian Revolution “By spring 1917, civil unrest in Russia had brought the czar’s government to the brink of collapse. Faced with the prospect of revolution, Czar Nicholas abdicated his throne on March 15. In November, 1917, the Communists seized power and insisted on ending Russia’s involvement in the war. In March 1918, Russia and Germany signed the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk, which ended the war between them. As a result, Germany was able to send nearly all of its forces to the Western Front and launch a massive attack on the Allies in France”.

Taken from Holt McDougal’s Virginia Standards Review and Practice, Grade 10

Czar Nicholas II

Leaders of World War I

Woodrow Wilson-United States Kaiser Wilhelm II-Germany

Reviewing the Causes and Effects of World War I, The Great War

Effects

• Colonies’ participation in the war, which increased demands for independence

• End of the Russian Imperial, Ottoman, German, and Austro-Hungarian Empires

• Enormous cost of the war in lives, property, and social disruption

The Treaty of Versailles

1. Blamed Germany for the war and placed harsh penalties upon the country. Why would Germany be blamed for the war? Why would the victorious nations impose the following conditions on Germany? – Forced Germany to accept

responsibility for war and loss of territory and to pay reparations

– Limited the German military

2. Creation of a League of Nations

Be able to label each of these countries and mandates! Also,

you need to be able to recognize the differences between the

map prior to WWI and this one.

Mandate System

During World War I, Great Britain and France agreed to divide large portions of the Ottoman Empire in the Middle East between themselves. After the war, the “mandate system” gave Great Britain and France control over the lands that became Iraq, Transjordan, and Palestine (British controlled) and Syria and Lebanon (French controlled). This was supposed to be temporary arrangement. However, it planted the seeds for future wars in the Middle East.

British: Palestine and Jordan

French: Syria and Lebanon

What does this “mandate system” sound like? What

problems might be caused by it?

THE RUSSIAN REVOLUTION

Essential Questions (add to page 50/51):

1. Why did Russia erupt in revolution while fighting in World War I?

2. How did communism rise in Russia?

3. What was life like under Joseph Stalin?

Copy this chart into your

notebook. Add to page 50 or

51.

Fill in the information for the French Revolution. Quiz yourself and

see how much you remember before

you move ahead to the see the

answers.

The Russian Revolution

Tsarist Russia entered World War I as an absolute monarchy with sharp class divisions between the nobility and the peasants. The grievances of workers and peasants were not resolved by the Tsar. Inadequate administration in World War I led to revolution and an unsuccessful provisional government. A second revolution by the Bolsheviks created the communist state that ultimately became the U.S.S.R.

Causes of the Russian Revolution

1. Defeat in the 1905 war

with Japan 2. Landless peasantry 3. Incompetence of Tsar

Nicholas II 4. Military defeats and High

causalities in World War I.

Want an easy way to remember these causes?

The Russian Revolution put the Czar in J.A.I.L.

J: Japan humiliates Russia in the Russo-Japanese War A: A lot of military losses in World War I I: Incompetence of Tsar Nicholas II L:Landless Peasants wanted land

Bolshevik Revolution

• Bolshevik Party, led by Vladimir Lenin take over the Russian government. Later, the Bolsheviks will become the Communist Party.

• Quickly gain control of Petrograd and other cities

• “Peace, Land, and Bread”

• November 1917 seized the winter palace and arrested the government

• Ordered all farm land to be distributed to peasants

• Treaty of Brest-Litovsk

Took Russia out of World War I

New Economic Policy

– Version of capitalism

– Small factories, farms, and business can be privately owned

– Buying and selling of goods

– Government controls major industries, banks, and communication

Lenin assumes control; the NEP New Economic Policy

Lenin’s Government

• Organized Russia into several republics

• Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (U.S.S.R.)

• Moscow to control all republics

• Communist Party – He created a dictatorship of the

Communist party not the proletariat

• Lenin died in 1924-Joseph Stalin then took control of the Communist Party in Russia. Stalin focused on transforming Russia into a totalitarian state.

Are you noticing the similarities between these

two revolutions? I hope so!

Me

The Entrenchment of Communism Joseph Stalin, Lenin’s successor

Not me

Life under Stalin’s Rule

Command economy in which the government made all the

economic decisions

5 Year Plans

• Forced the Soviet Union to industrialize • Increased output of steel, coal, oil, and electricity • Limited production of consumer goods such as

housing, food, clothing, and other necessary goods

Collectivization

• Collective Farms

– Seized all small private farms and put them in large government owned farms

– 5-10 million peasants die during collectivization

Another Stalin Policy

Life under totalitarianism Secret Police

– Monitored mail, telephone, and planted informants

– Great Purge; Stalin eliminated anyone who threatened his power

• Estimated 8-13 million killed

Understand it?

Can you answer the essential questions?

What questions do you have about World War I? The Russian Revolution?

Email me any questions or problems you have understanding this material.