Today’s Topics

• Progressive Presidents

• World War 1 (The Great War)

– Describe how the Progressive presidents promoted the expansion of U.S. power overseas.

– What are the causes of World War I?

– How did the U.S. get involved in World War I ?

1

An Era of Intervention – Roosevelt was more active in international diplomacy

than most of his predecessors.

Panama Canal

•“I Took the Canal Zone”

•Teddy Roosevelt 612 mins •http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U6c66PDGvB4&feature=relmfu

2

• The Roosevelt Corollary

– The United States had the right to exercise “an international police power” in the Western Hemisphere.

3

The World’s Constable, a cartoon

commenting on Theodore Roosevelt’s 4

An Era of Intervention

– Taft emphasized economic investment and loans from American banks rather than direct military intervention.

• Dollar Diplomacy

5

• Moral Imperialism

– Wilson promised a new foreign policy that would respect Latin America’s independence.

6

World War 1914-1919 • Causes

• Triggering factor

– 1914 Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand by the Black Hand

• Nationalism

• System of competing alliances

– Secrets of World War I: • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x_FAOk4uMp8

7

8

Map 19.3a Europe in 1914 9

The Great War

– War broke out in Europe in 1914.

– U.S. Neutrality

– 1914 May sinking of British, Lusitania

10

The liner Lusitania,

pictured on a “peace”

postcard

• The Road to War

– Germany submarine warfare.

– The Zimmerman Telegram was intercepted in March 1917. – http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Qgs1KNwpBW4&NR=1%204

– U.S. declares war on Germany April 2, 1917

11

• World War I

• "Over There" by George M. Cohan • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iOl2B0B9Src

12

Mexican-Americans going to France to fight in 1918 sang the following song:

the song was written in Spanish “Registration 1918“

13

Native Americans

African Americans

WWI

The cards arrived

at home for each

verifying the registration

those twenty-one to thirty-one.

Good bye Laredo highlighted

by yours towers and bells

but we shall never forget

your beautiful women.

They are taking us to fight

to some distant land

and taking us to fight

the German troops.

They are taking us to fight in

distinct directions

and taking us to fight

– U.S. Troops in Europe in 1918

– Wilson issued the Fourteen Points in January 1918.

14

1919

• Wilson at Versailles

– The Versailles Treaty was a harsh document that all but guaranteed future conflict in Europe.

– German resentment over the terms of the peace treaty helped to fuel the rise of Adolf Hitler.

15

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Map 19.3b Europe in 1919 17

The War at Home

• The Wartime State

– The war created a national state with unprecedented powers and a sharply increased presence in Americans’ everyday lives.

18

• The Propaganda War

– The Committee on Public Information (CPI) was created.

19

Women Suffrage

Jeanette Rankin of Montana, 1st woman in Congress

• Nineteenth Amendment 1920

20

A 1915 cartoon showing the western states

• Prohibition

– The campaign to ban intoxicating liquor had a variety of supporters and gained momentum.

• Eighteenth Amendment

21

• The Espionage Act of 1917

• The Sedition Act

22

Who Is an American?

• The “Race Problem”

– 1911 U.S. Immigration Commission list of “immigrant races”

– Eugenics, which studied the alleged mental characteristics of different races, gave anti-immigrant sentiment an air of professional expertise.

23

Who Is an American?

– Americanization meant the creation of a more homogenous national culture.

• Israel Zangwill’s The Melting Pot

24

Who Is an American?

• The Anti-German Crusade

– The use of German and expressions of German culture became targets of pro-war organizations.

25

• Groups Apart

– Mexicans & Puerto Ricans

– The policies toward Asian Americans were even more restrictive than other immigrant groups.

• Gentlemen’s Agreement of 1907

A 1919 cartoon, Close the Gate

26

21st century signs

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• African Americans largest non-white group excluded from the ideas of freedom.

• Roosevelt, Wilson, and Race

– Wilson’s administration imposed racial segregation in federal departments in Washington, D.C.

• Birth of a Nation

28

• W. E. B. Du Bois and the Revival of Black Protest • The Souls of Black Folk (1903)

– Niagara Falls

– Du Bois was a cofounder of the NAACP.

29

• The Great Migration and the “Promised Land”

– The war opened thousands of industrial jobs to black laborers for the first time, inspiring a large-scale migration from the South to the North.

• Half a million blacks migrated north.

Table 19.1

The Great

Migration

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The Great Migration to the North

31