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This is the equation for respiration. It means that

________ glucose molecule plus _____ oxygen

molecules makes _____ carbon dioxide molecules,

________ water molecules and about 356 molecules

of ATP (energy).

1 66

6

The C stands for __________________.

The H stands for __________________.

The O stands for __________________.

carbon

hydrogen

oxygen

Cellular Respiration

Chemical PathwaysHow do you feel

when you are hungry?

Each person is different

End result is sameWe ALL need foodJust like plants, we

have our own cycle for energy

Chemical Energy & Food Food - source of raw

materials

Food energy is measured on food labels in Calories (science -kilocalories)

CalorieAmount of energy

needed to raise temperature of 1 gram of water 1° Celsius

1 gram of glucose (sugar

– C6H12O6) releases 3811 calories of heat energy

Chemical Energy and Food

Cells release the energy from food and convert it into ATP (and heat) by a process called cellular respiration

Releases only a small amount of energy

Aerobicw/ oxygen – 2 ways

Anaerobicw/o oxygen – 1 way

What is a Calorie?

1 2 3

33%

0%

67%1. Amt. of food taken in to raise the temp

2. Amt. of energy needed to raise the temp

3. Amt of degrees

In cellular respiration what do we want to create?

1 2 3 4 5

33% 33%

0%0%

33%1. ADP2. ATP3. Glucose4. CO2

5. O2

True/false: Cellular respiration occurs all at once in large quantities.

1 2

100%

0%

1. True2. False

Overview of Cellular Respiration

3 stages:Glycolysis

CytoplasmKrebs cycle (Citric

acid Cycle)Mitochondrial Matrix

Electron Transport ChainInner mitochondrial

membrane

6O2 + C6H12O6 6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy

formula 1 glucose (6 carbons) 2

pyruvic acid (3 carbons each)+ 2 ATP + 2 NADH

Cells don’t burn glucoseRelease energy from

glucose & other food compounds

GlycolysisOccurs in Cytoplasm

Anaerobic (does not require O2)NADH when O2 is available

goes onto krebs cycle & electron transport chain

NADH when O2 is not availableUndergoes fermentation

1 glucose (6 carbons) 2 pyruvic acid (3 carbons each)+ 2 ATP + 2 NADH

Krebs Cycle In the mitochondria Also known as the citric acid

cycle Pyruvic acid is broken down

into carbon dioxide in a series of energy extracting reactions

2 Pyruvic Acid (enters mitochondria) 2 Acetyl-CoA + 2 CO2 + 2NADH

Acetyl-CoA enters innermitochondrial membrane and is converted to citric acid

Final products of Krebs cycle 6 NADH2 FADH2 (electron carrier)2 ATP2 CO2

Electron Transport ChainUses high energy

electrons from NADH and FADH2 to convert ADP to ATP

Energy from electron (green) powers the proton pump (purple) in the inner membrane

The protons diffuse back in thru ATP Synthase (red)which catalyzes the rxn to produce ~32 ATP

Electron Transport (A)At end of step,

O2 is final electron acceptor of e- transport chain

O2 is essential for getting rid of low-energy electrons & H+, wastes of cellular respiration

Electron Transport (B)H+ get

transported across membrane w/every 2 high-energy e-

Opposite side of membrane (matrix) is negatively charged

Electron Transport (C)Charge

differences results in a spinning

w/each rotation, enzyme ATP synthase grabs an ADP = ATP

Total CountsGlycolysis yields

2 ATP (no O2)w/ O2, 34 ATP

get produced in Krebs/electron Transport in addition to 2 ATP from glycolysis (36 total ATP)

How many stages are there in cellular respiration?

1 2 3 4

0%

33%

67%

0%

1. 12. 23. 34. 4

Glycolysis occurs in the______.

1 2 3 4

0% 0%

100%

0%

1. chloroplasts2. mitochondria3. cytoplasm 4. nucleus

Glycolysis is ________.

1 2

67%

33%

1. aerobic 2. anaerobic

Electron transport chain occurs in the membrane of the ________.

1 2 3 4

0%

33%33%33%

1. chloroplast 2. nuclear 3. mitochondria4. lysosome

The Kreb’s cycle is also called the _________.

1 2 3

100%

0%0%

1. Citric Acid cycle2. Cotton cycle3. Pyruvic Acid

cycle

Kreb’s cycle is _______.

1 2

0%

100%1. aerobic2. anaerobic

The Kreb’s cycle occurs in the_______.

1 2 3 4

0% 0%0%

100%1. cytoplasm2. mitochondria3. chloroplast4. membrane

The electron transport chain is______.

1 2

33%

67%1. aerobic2. anaerobic

FermentationA. Definition

1. process by which cells releases energy in the absence of oxygen

a. Anaerobic Respiration i. Aer – air

ii. An = without B. 2 types

1. Alcoholic 2. Lactic Acid

Alcoholic Fermentation

1. Pyruvic acid + NADH ethanol + CO2

+ NAD+2. Yeasts & other

microorganisms a. dough

1 - spaces in bread b. beer c. wine

Lactic Acid Fermentation

Lactic Acid Fermentation

Long Term EnergyCellular

respiration only way to generate continuing supply of ATP

PacingEnergy

stored in muscles & tissues

Long Term EnergyGlycogen stores

can last up 20 minutes

Fat & stored molecules begin to get broken down

Aerobic exercise is great for weight control

How many types of fermentation are there?

1 2 3 4 5

0%

100%

0%0%0%

1. 12. 23. 34. 45. 5

Fermentation is ______.

1 2

0%

100%1. aerobic 2. anaerobic

Alcoholic fermentation occurs in all but______.

1 2 3 4

0% 0%0%

100%1. bread2. chips 3. beer4. wine

Sore muscles occur in which type of fermentation?

1 2 3

100%

0%0%

1. Lactic Acid2. Alcoholic3. Both of these

Which type of fermentation occurs in cheese?

1 2

100%

0%

1. Alcoholic2. Lactic Acid

True/false: You can have cellular respiration w/o photosynthesis.

1 2

100%

0%

1. True2. False

Cellular respiration make ATP for energy. Where is this energy stored?

1 2 3 4 5

33%

67%

0%0%0%

1. Chloroplasts2. Mitochondria3. Vacuoles4. Muscles5. Heart

Which type of fermentation occurs in prokaryotes?

1 2

0%

100%1. Lactic Acid2. Alcoholic

Assignment:

Review questions