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Chapter VI Insect and Disease Control of Fruits

183

Relative Effectiveness of Various Fungicides for Apple Disease Control

T. B. SUTTON, Plant Pathology Research and Extension

( =ineffective; ++++++=very effective or very safe on fruit finish)

TABLE 6-2. RELATIVE EFFECTIVENESS OF VARIOUS FUNGICIDES FOR APPLE DISEASE CONTROL

Fungicide and Rate of Usage Per AcreFRACCode

DaysBetween Last

Spray andHarvest

Relative Control Rating

Scab RustsBrooks

Spot

BlackRot/

White RotBitterRot

Sooty Blotchand

FlyspeckPowdery

Mildew

captan (Captan 50W) 6 lb M4 0 ++++ + +++ +++ +++ +++

captan (Captan 50W) 8 lb M4 0 +++++ + ++++ ++++ ++++ ++++

captan (Captan 50W) 4 lb +ziram (Ziram 76W) 4 lb +thiophanate methyl (various brands) 8 oz

M4M31 14 ++++ ++++ +++++ +++++ ++++ +++++ ++

cyprodinil (Vangard 75 W) 5 oz 9 72 +++++ + +

difenconazole +cyprodinil (Inspire Super) 8.5 to 12 oz 3 +9 72 ++++++ +++++ + +++ +++ +++ +++++

dodine (Syllit 65 W) 2 lb U12 7 ++++++ ? ++ +

fenarimol (various brands) 12 oz+

captan (Captan 50 W) 3 lbor

mancozeb 75 DF 3 lb or F4 2.4 qt ormetiram (Polyram 80 DF) 3 lb

3

M4

M3M3

30 ++++++ +++++ ++ ++ + + +++++

77 ++++++ ++++++ +++ + ++ +++ +++++

77 ++++++ ++++++ +++ + ++ +++ +++++

fenbuconazole (Indar) 75 WSP 2.67 oz+

captan (Captan 50 W) 3 lb or

mancozeb 75 DF 3 lb or F4 2.4 qt ormetiram (Polyram 80 DF) 3 lb

3

M4

M3M3

14

7777

++++++

++++++++++++

+++++

++++++++++

++

++++++

++

++

+

++++

++

++++++

++++

++++++++

fluopyram +trifloxystrobin (Luna Sensation) 4.0 to 5.8 fl oz 7 +11 14 ++++++ ++++ ? ? ? ? ++++++

fluopyram +pyremethanil (Luna Tranquility) 11.2 to 16 fl oz 7 +9 72 ++++++ +++ ? ? ? ? ++++++

fluxapyroxad +pyraclostrobin (Mervion) 4.4 to 5.5 fl oz 7 +11 0 ++++++ +++ ? ? ? ? ++++++

kresoxim-methyl (Sovran) 4 to 6.4 oz 1 11 30 ++++++ ++++ +++++ ++++ +++ +++++ ++++

lime-sulfur 2% M2 0 ++++ + ? ++ ++++

mancozeb 75 DF 3 lb or F4 2.4 qt M3 Do not apply after petalfall

++++ +++++ +++ + + ++ +

metiram (Polyram 80 W) 6 lb M3 Do not apply after petalfall

++++ +++++ +++ + + ++ +

myclobutanil (various brands) 5 to 10 oz 1+ 3

captan (Captan 50 W) 3 lb or M4 14 ++++++ +++++ ++ ++ + + ++++++

mancozeb 75 DF or 3 lb or F4 2.4 qt or M3 77 ++++++ +++++ +++ + ++ +++ ++++++

metiram (Polyram 80 DF) 3 lb M3 77 ++++++ ++++++ +++ + ++ +++ ++++++

penthiopyrad (Fontelis) 14 to 20 fl oz +mancozeb 75 DF 3 lb or 4F 2.4 qt ormetiram (Polyram 80 W) 3 lb 7 +M3

Do not apply after petalfall ++++++ +++++ +++++

pyraclostrobin +boscalid (Pristine) 14.4 to 18.4 oz 11 +7 0 ++++++ ++++ +++++ ++++ ++++ +++++ ++++

pyrimethanil (Scala) 7 to 10 fl oz 17 72 +++++ +

sulfur (wettable) 4 to 12 lb M2 0 + + + +++++

tebuconazole (Tebuzol 45 DF) 4 to 8 oz +captan (Captan 50W) 3 lb ormancozeb 75 DF 3 lb or F4 2.4 qt ormetiram (Polyram 80 DF) 3 lb

3M4M3M3

757777

+++++++++++++++++

+++++++++++++++++

++++++++

+++++++++++++++

+++++

+

++++++

++++++++++++++++++

tebuconazole +trifloxystrobin (Adament 50 WG) 4 to 5 oz 3 +11 75 ++++++ ++++++ +++? ? ? +++ +++++

thiophanate methyl (various brands) 8 to 12 oz 1 0 ++++ ++++ +++++ ++++

thiophanate methyl (various brands) 8 to 12 oz + 1

captan (Captan 50 W) 6 lb or M4 0 ++++3 ++ ++++ ++++ +++ ++++ ++

captan (Captan 50 W) 8 lb M4 0 +++++3 ++ +++++ +++++ ++++ +++++ ++

trifloxystrobin (Flint) 2 to 3 oz 11 14 ++++++ ++++ +++++ ++++ ++++ +++++ ++++

triflumizole (Procure 50 WS) 4 to 8 oz1+captan (Captan 50 W) 3 lb or

3M4 14 ++++++ +++++ +++ ++ + + +++++

mancozeb 75 DF 3 lb or F4 2.4 qt or M3 77 ++++++ +++++ +++ + ++ +++ +++++

metiram (Polyram 80 DF) 3 lb M3 77 ++++++ ++++++ +++ + ++ +++ +++++

ziram (Ziram 76 W) 48 lb 14 +++ ++++ ++++ +++ ++++ +++++ +

1Use higher rate when the likelihood of disease is high.

2Combine Ziram with Topsin-M 70W at 8 to 12 oz/acre to improve white rot, black rot, sooty blotch, and flyspeck control.

3Thiophanate methyl is not recommended for scab control in North Carolina because of scab resistance.

4Combine Ziram with Topsin M 70W at 8 to 12 oz per acre to improve white rot, black rot, sooty blotch and flyspeck control.


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186

Blueberry Management Program

H. J. BURRACK, Entomology Extension and Research; and W. O. CLINE, Plant Pathology Extension

The Insecticide Resistance Action Committee (IRAC) groups insecticides and the Fungicide Resistance Action Committee (FRAC)

groups fungicides into mode of action (MOA) categories. These categories are listed following the pesticide and formulation names. To

reduce the risk of resistance development, avoid successive applications of products with the same MOA. Organically acceptable

insecticides (OMRI listed) are indicated in Precautions and Remarks.

Insecticides should only be applied if the pest of concern is present in economically damaging levels. If insect injury does not result in

greater loss than the cost of treatment, treatment is not justified. Therefore, a degree of insect presence should be tolerated and

insecticides should not be applied on a scheduled basis as may be appropriate for fungicides.

Fungicides are mainly protectants, and are usually applied prior to the appearance of disease symptoms, based on past history of the

particular disease threat on a given cultivar, location and plant growth stage. Not all diseases are present on every farm. To avoid

applying fungicides unnecessarily, learn to identify diseases by their symptoms, and keep records of those that occur on your farm.

Many pesticides have brand name and generic formulations. Where this is the case, information is either provided for the most common

formulation, or if there is no clear consensus on the most common formulation, many formulations are indicated.

TABLE 6-4. BLUEBERRY SPRAY PROGRAM

When to Spray Pest Pesticide, Formulation, and MOA

Amo unt ofFormulation toUse Per Acre

Re-entryInterval(hours)

MinimumInterval (days)Between Last

App lic atio n andHarvest Precautions and Remarks

DORMANT Scales Oil superior-type, IRAC Unknown 2 to 3 gal 4 0 Treat for scale prebloom only. To obtainsatisfactory scale control, use 200 to 400gal water per acre with at least 200 lb ofpressure. Some oils are OMRI listed;check labels.

PRE-BLOOM SPRAYSGreen-tip onvegetative and flowerbuds

Twig blightMummy berry

fenbuconazole (FRAC 3) (Indar 75 WP,Indar 2F)ORpyraclostrobin +boscalid (FRAC 11+7)(Pristine 38 W)ORpropiconazole (FRAC 3) (Orbit 3.6E, Tilt3,6E, Bumper 41.8EC, Propimax EC)OR

metconazole (FRAC 3) (Quash 50 WDG)

2 oz6 fl oz

18.5 to 23 oz

6 fl oz

2.5 oz

1212

12

12

12

3030

0

30

7

Do not make more than two sequentialapplications with any combination ofstrobilurin fungicides (Abound or Pristine)before alternation with a fungicide thathas a different mode of action (Captan,Ziram, Switch). Do not make more thanfour applications of strobilurin fungicidesper season. Do not tank mix Pristine withany other product.

May be applied by ground (min. 20 gpa)or air (min 10 gpa). Do not apply morethan twice in a row, or more than 7.5 ozper season, or more than three times perseason. Supplemental label forbushberries.

Thrips Thrips do not require treatment in southern high bush blueberries in North Carolina but can occasionally reach damaging levels in rabbiteyeblueberries. Thrips present in densities greater than 2/flower in open rabbiteye blooms may justify treatment. A minimum of 10 flower clustersper acre should be observed and either placed in a closed plastic bag at room temperature or shaken onto a white sheet of paper.

spinosad (IRAC 5) (Entrust) 1.25 to 2 oz 4 3 Entrust is OMRI listed

spinetoram (IRAC 5) (Delegate) 3 to 6 oz 4 3

7 to 10 days later Mummy berry Same as PRE-BLOOM SPRAY S

ExobasidiumFruit and leafspot

The fungus Exobasidium causes green-to-pink spots on fruit that do not ripen normally, and spots on leaves that are light green aboveand white below. Affected berries are unsightly and not marketable. Fungicides applied for other diseases may provide some control.The disease is most severe in shaded areas with dense foliage and poor ventilation. For images of this disease, see:http://ncblueberryjournal.blogspot.com/2011/07/exobasidium-fruit-and-leaf-spot.html

BLOOM SPRAYS10% to 20% bloom

No pesticide (insecticide, fungicide, or herbicide) should be applied while bees are foraging, and pesticide applications should be kept to a minimum duringbloom.If pesticide applications are necessary during bloom, they should be made in the evening when bees are not foraging and to allow for the longest amountof dry time possible. See Table 5-1A. Relative Toxicity of Pesticides to Honey Bees for more information on specific active ingredients effects on bees.

Twig blight

Mummy berry

Same as PRE-BLOOM SPRAYS

Same as PRE-BLOOM SPRAYS If mummy berry disease pressure is highthis year or in previous years, applyfungicides every 7 to 10 days frombudbreak through bloom. Foliar spraysusing 25 to 50 gal per acre are most

effective.Flower blight Fenhexamid FRAC 17 (Elevate 50 WDG)

ORcyprodinil +fludioxonil (FRAC 9+12)(Switch 62.5 WG)ORcaptan (FRAC M4) (Captan 50 WP)ORcaptan (FRAC M4) (Captec 4L)ORcaptan +fenhexamid (FRAC M4+17)(CaptEvate) 68 WG

1.5 lb

11 to 14 oz

4 lb

2 qt

3.5 to 4.7 lb

12

12

72

72

48

0

0

0

0

0

Anticipate flower blight caused by thefungus Botrytis cinerea when excessiverain occurs during bloom, or following afreeze event that injures blossoms.Elevate, CaptEvate and Switch may notbe applied by air.Do not use CaptEvate for more than twoconsecutive sprays.


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187



Amount ofFormulation toUse Per Acre




BLOOM SPRAYSFull bloom

Mummy berry fenbuconazole (FRAC 3) (Indar 75 WP,Indar 2F)ORpyraclostrobin +boscalid (FRAC 11+7)(Pristine 38 W)OR

propioconazole (FRAC 3) (Orbit 3.6E, Tilt3.6E, Banner 41.8EC, Propimax EC)ORmetconazole (FRAC 3) (Quash 50 WDG)

2 oz6 fl oz

18.5 to 23 oz

6 fl oz

2.5 oz

1212

12

12

12

3030

0

30

7

Indar should not be used alone at fullbloom or between bloom and harvest.Tank mix with Captan, Captec, or Ziram.

May be applied by ground (min. 20 gpa)or air (min 10 gpa). Do not apply morethan twice in a row, or more than 7.5 ozper season, or more than 3 times perseason. Supplemental label forbushberries.

Fruit rots Captan( FRAC M4) (Captan 50 WP)ORcaptan (FRAC M4) (Captec 4 L)ORZiram (FRAC M3) (Ziram 76 DF)ORazoxystrobin (FRAC 11) (Abound 2.08 E)ORcyprodinil +fludioxonil (FRAC 9+12)(Switch 62.5 WG)ORpyraclostrobin +boscalid (FRAC 11+7)

(Pristine38 W)ORmetconazole (FRAC 3) (Quash 50 WDG)

4 lb

2 qt

3 lb

6 to 15.5 fl oz

14 oz

11 to 14 oz

18.5 TO 23 oz

2.5 oz

72

72

48

4

12

12

12

12

0

0

approx. 30

0

0

0

0

7

Ziram cannot be applied later than 3weeks after full bloom.Do not make more than two sequentialapplications of any combination ofstrobilurin fungicides (Abound or Pristine)before alternating with a fungicide thathas a different mode of action (Captan,Ziram, Switch). Do not make more thanfour applications per season.

Do not tank mix Pristine with any other

product (fungicide, insecticide, adjuvant,fertilizer, etc.)


Flower blight Fenhexamid FRAC 17 (Elevate 50 WDG)ORcaptan +fenhexamid FRAC M4+17(CaptEvate 68 WG)

1.5 lb

3.5 to 4.7 lb

12

48

0

0

Gray mold caused by Botrytis cinerea.Elevate, CaptEvate and Switch may notbe applied by air. Do not use CaptEvatefor more than 2 consecutive sprays.

PETAL FALL SPRAYSImmediately afterBloom

Fruit rots

Thrips

Same as BLOOM SPRAYS

Same as PRE-BLOOM SPRAYS

Plum curculio Plum curculio is a very infrequent pest of North Carolina blueberries and should only be treated if damage is observed.

bifenthrin (IRAC 3) (Brigade) WSB 5.3 to 16 oz 12 1

malathion, (IRAC 1B)(Malathion) 57 EC

2 pt 12 1 There are many malathion formulations.Malathion labels have recently changed,only 3 applications per season ofmalathion are currently allowed, so usecaution if this is the material of choice formultiple insect pests.

fenpropathrin (IRAC 3) (Danitol) 2.4 EC 10.67 to 16 fl oz 24 3

zeta cypermethrin +bifenthrin (IRAC 3)(Hero)

4 to 10.3 fl oz 12 1

kaolin clay, IRAC unknown(Surround) WP

25 to 50 lb 4 0 Surround acts like a barrier and masksfruit from pest recognition. Because ofthis barrier, fruit should be washed afterharvest, and Surround may be mostappropriate for processing fruit.

CranberryfruitwormCherryfruitworm

Fruitworm adults can be monitored with pheromone traps, and fruit should be observed for egg laying or evidence of tunneling.Treatments for fruitworms are most effective when timed to egg hatch, as larvae feed inside fruit.

fenpropathrin (IRAC 3) (Danitol) 2.4 EC 10.67 to 16 fl oz 24 3

Carbaryl (IRAC 1A)(Sevin) XLR(many other formulations) 1.5 to 2 qt 12 7

indoxacarb (IRAC 22) (Avuant) 3.5 to 6.0 oz 12 7

acetamiprid (IRAC 4A) (Assail) 30 SG 4.5 to 5.3 oz 12 1

spinetoram (IRAC 5) (Delegate) WG 3 to 5 oz 4 3

esfenvalerate, (IRAC 3A)(Asana XL) 0.66 EC 4.8 to 9.6 oz 12 14

indoxacarb (IRAC 22A) (Avaunt) 3.5 to 6 oz 12 7

methoxyfenozide (IRAC 18) (Intrepid) 2F 10 to 16 fl oz 4 7

novaluron (IRAC 15) (Rimon) 0.83 EC 20 to 30 fl oz 12 8 Rimon is not labeled for cherry fruitworm.


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188







PETAL FALL SPRAYSImmediately afterBloom (continued)

CranberryfruitwormCherryFruitworm(continued)

pyriproxyfen (IRAC 7) (Knack) 16 fl oz 12 7 Knack is an insect growth regulator andapplication must be timed carefully to egghatch.

tebufenozide (IRAC 18) (Confirm) 2F 16 fl oz 4 14

PETAL FALL SPRAYS10 to 14 days later Fruit rots

Leaf spots

FUNGICIDE:Same as BLOOM SPRAYS

fenbuconazole (FRAC 3) (Indar 75 WP,Indar 2F)ORpyraclostrobin +boscalid (FRAC 11+7)(Pristine 38 W)ORpropiconazole (FRAC 3) (Orbit 3.6E, Tilt3.6E, Banner 41.8 EC, Propimax EC)OR

metconazole (FRAC 3) (Quash 50 WDG)

2 oz6 fl oz

14 oz

18.5 to 23 oz

6 fl oz

2.5 oz

1212

12

12

12

12

3030

0

0

30

7

Indar should not be used alone at fullbloom or alone between bloom andharvest. Tank mix with Captan, Captec, orZiram. Indar is usually limited to fiveapplications per acre per year.

Do not make more than two sequentialapplications with any combination ofstrobilurin fungicides (Abound or Pristine)before alternation with a fungicide thathas a different mode of action (Captan,Ziram, Switch). Do not make more thanfour applications of strobilurin fungicidesper season.


Plum curculioCherry fruitwormCranberryfruitworm

Same as PETAL FALL SPRAYS

FRUIT RIPENING toHARVEST

Spotted wingdrosophila

Spotted wing drosophila (SWD) is a recently introduced pest of soft skinned fruit in North Carolina. Because SWD is new to NorthCarolina, there are few labeled insecticides. Materials list are likely to be effective against SWD based on current data. Managementtools used for blueberry maggot may also be effective against SWD. SWD treatments should begin when fruit start to turn ripen andcontinued weekly or twice per through the end of harvest. Treatments should be reapplied in the event of rain. Rotate IRAC groupsbetween successive sprays.Fruit should be regularly sampled for SWD larvae during harvest. Sampling information can be found atwww.ncsmallfruitsipm.blogspot.com.

bifenthrin (IRAC 3A) (Brigade WSB) 5.3 to 16.0 oz 12 1

esfenvalerate, (IRAC 3A) (Asana XL) 9.6 fl oz 12 14

fenpropathrin (IRAC 3A) (Danitol 2.4 EC) 10.33 to 16 fl oz 24 3

malathion, (IRAC 1B)(Malathion) 57 EC(Malathion) ULV

1.6 pt10 fl oz

1212

11

There are many malathion formulations.Malathion labels have recently changed,only 3 applications per season ofmalathion are currently allowed, so usecaution if this is the material of choice for

multiple insect pests.

methomyl (IRAC 1A) (Lannate) 0.75 to 3 pt 48 3

phosmet (IRAC 1B) (Imidan) 1.33 lb 24 3

pyrthreins (IRAC 3) (Pyganic 1.4 EC) 16 to 64 fl oz 12 0 Pyganic is OMRI listed, but does notappear to be as effective as Entrust.

Spinosad (IRAC 5)(GF-120)(Entrust)

10 to 20 fl oz1.25 to 2 fl oz

4 0GF-120 and Entrust are OMRI listed.Cover sprays of Entrust are not aspersistent as other materials. GF-120 is abait spray and kills flies after they feed.Use concentrated sprays under dryconditions; more dilute sprays may beeffective under humid conditions.


zeta cypermethrin (IRAC 3)(Mustang Max)

4 fl oz 12 1


4 to 10.3 fl oz 12 1

HARVESTAfter adults have beenobserved for 2consecutive weeks andevery 7 to 10 daysduring egg-laying period

Blueberrymaggot

Adults usually appear last week of May, but do not begin to lay eggs until 7 to 10 days later. Adults should be monitored with yellowsticky traps baited with ammonia food lures (ammonium acetate, ammonium carbonate, or ammonium bicarbonate). Check traps andchange lures at least once per week. Treatments for blueberry maggot are not necessary unless adults have been observed in traps.

malathion (IRAC 1B)(Malathion) 57 EC(Malathion) ULV

1.6 pt10 fl oz

1212

11

There are many malathion formulations.Malathion labels have recently changed,only 3 applications per season ofmalathion are currently allowed, so usecaution if this is the material of choice formultiple insect pests.

spinosad (IRAC 5)(GF-120)(Entrust)


4 0GF-120 and Entrust are OMRI listed.Cover sprays of Entrust are not aspersistent as other materials. GF-120 is abait spray and kills flies after they feed.Use concentrated sprays under dryconditions; more dilute sprays may beeffective under humid conditions.


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189



Amount ofFormulation toUse Per Acre




HARVESTAfter adults have beenobserved for 2consecutive weeks andevery 7 to 10 daysduring egg-laying period(continued)

BlueberryMaggot(continued)


phosmet (IRAC 1B) (Imidan) 1.33 lb 24 3

esfenvalerate (IRAC 3A) (Asana XL) 9.6 fl oz 12 14

fenpropathrin (IRAC 3A) (Danitol 2.4 EC) 10.33 to 16 fl oz 24 3

Acetamiprid (IRAC 4A) (Assail) 2.5 to 5.3 oz 12 1

Imidacloprid (IRAC 4A)(Admire Pro and many other formulatons)

2.1 to 2.8 fl oz 12 3 Several concentrations of imidacloprid(1.6F, 2F, 4F, and 4.6F) are available.Carefully read the label to determine thecorrect rate for target pests.


4 fl oz 12 1


4 to 10.3 fl oz 12 1

AFTER HARVESTSPRAYImmediately afterharvest

Blueberry budmite

Only treat for blueberry bud mite if damage was a problem in the previous year. Many varieties are resistant to blueberry bud mite anddo not typically require treatment. Blueberry bud mite can be managed culturally by post harvest hedging, which removesinfested tissue.

Oil superior-type IRAC unknown(many formulations)

2 gal 4 0

Leaf Spots FUNGICIDE:Same as PETAL FALL SPRAYS

AFTER HARVESTSPRAY2 weeks after harvest

Leafhoppers Malathion (IRAC 1B)(Malathion) 57 EC 2.0 pt 12 1 There are many malathion formulations.Malathion labels have recently changed,only 3 applications per season ofmalathion are currently allowed, so usecaution if this is the material of choice formultiple insect pests.

Esfenvalerate (IRAC 3A)(Asana XL) 0.66 EC

4.8 to 9.6 oz 12 14



Thiamethoxam (IRAC 4A) (Actara) 3 to 4 oz 12 3 Allow 7 days between Actara treatments.Maximum 12 oz per acre per season.

Acetamiprid (IRAC 4A) (Assail) 2.5 to 5.3 oz 12 1 Allow 7 days between Assail treatments.

J apanesebeetles

J apanese beetle feeding seldom requires treatment in North Carolina blueberries, and some pesticides applied for leafhoppers alsocontrol J apanese beetles.

Imidacloprid (IRAC 4A)

(Admire Pro and many other formulatons)

2.1 to 2.8 fl oz 12 3 Several concentrations of imidacloprid

(1.6F, 2F, 4F, and 4.6F) are available.Carefully read the label to determine thecorrect rate for target pests.


4.8 to 9.6 oz 12 14

Phosmet (IRAC 1B) (Imidan) 1.33 lb 24 3

Leaf spots FUNGICIDE:Same as PETAL FALL SPRAYS


Blueberry budmite

INSECTICIDE:Same asAFTER HARVEST SPRAY

Only treat for blueberry bud mite ifdamage was problem in the previousyear.


May be omitted if leaf spot incidence islow.

Red humpedand yellowneckedcaterpillars

Several species of caterpillars can feed on blueberries from late summer to early fall. These caterpillars can potentially defoliatebushes, but are often not widespread throughout the planting. Spot treatments may often be sufficient.

Bacillus thuringiensis sub. kurstaki (Bt)(many formulations) See label 4 0 Many Bt formulations are OMRI listed.

tebufenozide (IRAC 18) (Confirm) 2F 16 fl oz 4 14


Leafhoppers INSECTICIDE:Same as TWO WEEKS AFTERHARVEST SPRAYS

Only treat for leafhoppers if history ofstunt on farm.


May be omitted if leaf spot incidence islow.

AFTER HARVESTSPRAY3 months after harvest

Leafhoppers INSECTICIDE:Same as TWO WEEKS AFTERHARVEST SPRAYS


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190







POST HARVEST Red importedfire ants

Pyriproxyfen (IRAC 7C)(Esteem Ant Bait 0.5% B)

1.5 to 2 lb 12 1 Do not water for 24 hours afterapplication.

Methoprene (IRAC 7C)(Extinguish Ant Bait 0.5% B)

1 to 1.5 lb 4 0 Extinguish can be applied as a moundtreatment or broadcast. Extinguish islabeled for use on cropland, but

Extinguish Plus is NOT labeled for use oncropland. Read labels carefully.

Spinosad (IRAC 5)(Entrust)(Seduce Insect Bait)

3 to 5tbsp/mound20 to 44 lb

4 1 Entrust is labeled for mound drenchtreatment. Entrust is OMRI listed

Blueberry fleabeetle

Blueberry flea beetles are an occasional pest in North Carolina blueberries and active primarily post harvest. Damage is typically noteconomically significant, but when new shoots are eaten in the fall, yield will be impacted.

Acetamiprid (IRAC 4A) (Assail) 2.5 to 5.3 oz 12 1 Allow 7 days between Assail treatments.


4.8 to 9.6 oz 12 14



Malathion (IRAC 1B)(Malathion) 57 EC

2 pt 12 1 There are many malathion formulations.Malathion labels have recently changed,only 3 applications per season ofmalathion are currently allowed, so use

caution if this is the material of choice formultiple insect pests.

Blueberry fleabeetle(continued)

Phosmet (IRAC 1B) (Imidan) 1.33 lb 24 3

Spinosad (IRAC 5) (Entrust) 1.25 to 2 fl oz 4 0 Entrust is OMRI listed.


Thiamethoxam (IRAC 4A) (Actara) 3 to 4 oz 12 3 Allow 7 days between Actara treatments.Maximum 12 oz per acre per season.


4 fl oz 12 1


4 to 10.3 fl oz 12 1

Further Information

Southeast Regional Blueberry Integrated Management Guide, www.smallfruits.org

NC Small Fruit & Specialty Crop IPM, www.ncsmallfruitsipm.blogspot.comCopies of these publications are available from your county Cooperative Extension center.


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191

Caneberry Management Program

H. J. BURRACK, Entomology Extension and Research, and T. B SUTTON, Plant Pathology Emeritus

The Insecticide Resistance Action Committee (IRAC) and Fungicide Resistance Action Committee (FRAC) group insecticides into modeof action categories. These categories are listed following the pesticide and formulation names. To reduce the risk of resistancedevelopment, avoid successive applications of insecticides with the same IRAC or FRAC designation for the same pest. Organicallyacceptable insecticides (OMRI listed) are indicated in Comments and Precautions.Insecticides should only be applied if the pest of concern is present in economically damaging levels. If insect injury does not result in

greater loss than the cost of treatment, treatment is not justified. Therefore, a degree of insect presence should be tolerated and

insecticides should not be applied on a scheduled basis as may be appropriate for fungicides.Pesticides should not be applied when bees are actively foraging . If necessary, apply insecticides and fung icides in the

evening when bees are not active.

Many insecticide active ingredients are available in generic formulations. For brevity, these formulations are not generally listed. Trade

names are listed to aid in identifying products and not intended to promote this use of these products or to discourage use of generic

products. Generic products generally work similarly to their brand name counterparts, but formulation changes can impact efficacy and

plant response. As with any new chemical, read and follow all label instructions. Chemical names are subject to change; please check

the active ingredient for all materials.TABLE 6-5. CANEBERRY MANAGEMENT PROGRAM

When to Spray Pest Pesticide, Formulation, and IRAC

Rate ofFormulation

Per Acre

PreharvestInterval

(PHI) Comments and Precautions

LATE WINTER OR EARLY SPRINGwhen new growth is less than 0.5 in.long

Anthracnose, Spur blight,Cane blight

FUNGICIDE:liquid lime-sulfur, FRAC M2

OR

Bordeaux (Cuprofix Disperss),FRAC M1

6 to 12 gal

5 to 6 lb

This is an important spray foranthracnose control. Make sure canesare thoroughly covered.

Many other copper-based fungicides areavailable. Read product label for rates.

Raspberry crown borer Removing infested plants is an important cultural control. In blocks with a history of raspberry crown borer, applyan insecticide either in late October to early November or early April (one application only) to provide a barrier forlarvae boring into canes as they emerge from overwintering hibnacula. Follow label instructions for water volumeand application methods.

bifenthrin, IRAC 3A(Brigade WSB) IRAC 3A 16 oz

3

chlorantranilirpole, IRAC 28(Altacor)

3-4.5 oz 3

malathion, IRAC 1B(Malathion 57EC)

1.5 to 3 pt

JUST BEFORE BLOOMS OPEN Anthracnose, Caneblight, Cane canker, Leafspots, Spur blight

FUNGICIDE:boscalid +pyraclostrobin (Pristine)38 WDG, FRAC 7 +11

ORcaptan, FRAC M4(Captan 50W)

(Captan 80WDG)(Captec 4L)

ORpyraclostrobin (Cabrio 20EG),FRAC 11

ORazoxystrobin, FRAC 11(Abound 2SC) or(Heritage 50W)

ORazoxystrobin +propiconazole(Qullt Xcel), FRAC 11 +3

18.5 to 23 oz

4 lb

2.5 lb2 qt

14 oz

6.2 to 15.4 fl oz3.2 to 8.0 oz

14 to 21 fl oz

Do not tank mix Pristine with anyother pesticide products, adjuvants,liquid fertilizers, nutrients, or otheradditives.

Do not apply more than 20 lb of Captan50W or 12.5 lb Captan 80WDG per acreper season. Captan 50W is a 24Cregistration.

Do not make more than four applicationscollectively of the strobilurin fungicides(Abound, Qullt Xcel, Cabrio, Heritage,and Pristine) per season.

Strobilurin (Group 11) fungicides will alsocontrol rusts and powdery mildew.

Strawberry clipper weevil Strawberry clipper weevil females lay their eggs in flower buds and clip the pedicle, causing the bud to wilt anddrop off the plant. Some blackberry and raspberry varieties can compensate for bud injury, which may not requiretreatment. Do not apply insectic ides when bees are foraging.

bifenthrin, IRAC 3A(Brigade 2EC) 3.2 to 6.4 fl oz 3

Do not exceed 12.8 fl oz Brigade per acreper season.

carbaryl, IRAC 1A(Sevin XLR)

1 to 2 qt 7

fenpropathrin, IRAC 3A(Danitol 2.4EC) 10.66 to 16 fl oz 3 Do not exceed 32 fl oz per acre perseason.

malathion, IRAC 1B(Malathion 5EC)many other formulations

1.5 to 3 pt 1

Gall midge Gall midge larvae can feed on developing buds, and damage can appear similar to cold injury. Fields with ahistory of gall midge damage may require treatment.



fenpropathrin, IRAC 3A(Danitol 2.4EC) 10.66 to 16 fl oz 3

Do not exceed 32 fl oz per acre perseason.


1.5 to 3 pt 1


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192

TABLE 6-5. CANEBERRY MANAGEMENT PROGRAM


Rate ofFormulation

Per Acre

PreharvestInterval


BLOOM AND PETAL FALL SPRAY Double blossom azoxystrobin , FRAC 4(Abound 2SC)(Heritage 50W

ORboscalid +pyraclostrobin (Pristine38WDG), FRAC 7 +11

ORcyprodinil +fludioxonil (Switch 62.5WG), FRAC 9 +12

ORazoxystrobin +propiconazole(Qullt Xcel), FRAC 11 +3

ORBordeaux (Cuprofix Disperss),FRAC M1

6.2 to 15.4 fl oz3.2 to 8.0 oz

18.5 to 23 oz

11 to 14 oz

14 to 21 fl oz

2.5 lb


Sprays during bloom are most importantfor control of double blossom. Beginsprays when first infected blossoms open

and continue every 10 to 14 days throughbloom. Rotate stobulrin (Group 11)fungicides with Switch to avoidresistance. It is important to protectprimocanes as long as infected flowerscontinue to open. Pristine will also controlbotrytis.

Crop injury may occur with Bordeauxmixture under slow drying conditions or inhot weather. Some injury oftenaccompanies the use of copperfungicides; if injury is excessive,discontinue use.

Botrytis fruit rot captan, FRAC M4(Captan 50W)(Captan 80 WDG)(Captec 4L)

ORfenhexamid (Elevate) 50 WDG,FRAC 17

OR

ipridione (several brands)50 WG, FRAC 24F


ORcaptan +fenhexamide (CaptEvate)68WDG, FRAC M4 +17

4 lb2.5 lb2 qt

1.5 lb

1 to 2 lb1 to 2 pt

11 to 14 oz

3.5 lb

Apply at early bloom and repeat at fullbloom. Rotate iprodione, Switch, andElevate or CaptEvate to reduce thelikelihood of resistance.

CaptEvate is registered on raspberriesonly.

Cane canker, Caneblight, Spur blight

captan, FRAC M4(Captan 50W)(Captan 80 WDG)(Captec 4L)


ORboscalid +pyraclostrobin (Pristine38WDG), FRAC 7 +11

ORazoxystrobin, FRAC 11(Abound 2SC) or

(Heritage 50W)OR

azoxystrobin +propiconazole(Qullt Xcel), FRAC 11 +3

4 lb2.5 lb2 qt

14 oz

18.5 to 23 oz

6.2 to 15.4 fl oz

3.2 to 8.0 oz

14 to 21 fl oz

The strobilurin fungicides (Group 11) willalso control rusts and powdery mildew.


Rednecked cane borer Scout canes during winter pruning. If 10% or greater of the primocanes per row, or more of the primocanes thanwill be removed through pruning have rednecked cane borer galls, control is justified. Treat after first bloom orwhen adults are observed and may be continued until adults are no longer present. Do not apply pesticides whenbees are foraging.




1.5 to 3 pt 1

Strawberry clipper weevil SeeJUST BEFORE BLOOMSOPEN

Apply at first flower. bloom. Do not applypesticides when bees are foraging.

POST-BLOOM SPRAYSevery 14days after petal fall until harvest

Anthracnose, Leaf spots,Rusts, Powdery mildew

See fungicide options in J UST BEFOREBLOOMS OPEN.

Double blossom Additional sprays may be needed toprotect primocanes if infected flowerscontinue to open. See BLOOM ANDPETAL FALL SPRAY for fungicideoptions.

J apanese beetles, andGreen J une beetles

GJ B feed on overripe fruit. Regular picking can minimize populations. Do not use J apanese beetle pheromonetraps.

carbaryl, IRAC 1A(Sevin) 50 WP(Sevin) 4 XLR

2 lb2 qt

7

malathion, IRAC 1B25 WP 2 lb

1


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193



Rate ofFormulation

Per Acre

PreharvestInterval


POST-BLOOM SPRAYSevery 14days after petal fall until harvest(continued)

J apanese beetles, andGreen June beetles(continued)

fenpropathrin, IRAC 3A(Danitol) 2.4 EC 10.66 to 16 fl oz

3 Do not exceed 32 fl oz Danitol per acreper season.

zeta-cypermethrin(Mustang Max) IRAC 3 4 fl oz

Leafrollers Leafrolling caterpillars can feed on caneberry foliage. Foliage damage is typically not economically significant, butcaterpillars can occasionally form webs on fruit.



chlorantranilirpole, IRAC 28 (Altacor) 3-4.5 oz 3




1.5 to 3 pt 1

spinetoram, IRAC 5(Delegate) 3 to 6 oz

3 Do not exceed 19.5 oz Delegate per acreper season.

spinosad, IRAC 5(Entrust) 1.25 to 2.5 oz

3 Do not exceed 9 oz Entrust per acre perseason. Entrust is OMRI listed.

Stink bugs, Plant bugs Stink bugs may damage berries but are more common as contamination pests during harvest. Insecticidetreatments are usually not necessary.

esfenvalerate, IRAC 3A(Asana XL)

9.6 fl oz 7 Avoid applications when bees areforaging. Apply during evenings or earlymorning.



zeta-cypermethrin(Mustang Max) IRAC 3 4 fl oz

1 Can be applied up to 1 day beforeharvest. Do not apply more than 0.15 lbAI per acre per season.

Spider mites There is no research-based treatment threshold for spider mites in caneberries, but treatment is recommendedwhen a random sample of leaflets from the planting has an average of 10 motile mites. Leaflets should beexamined with a minimum 10x hand lens to determine mite counts. Spider mites are more significant pests ofraspberries than blackberries.

bifenazate, IRAC Unknown(Acramite 50WS)

1 lb 1

hexythiazox, IRAC 10A(Savey 50DG)

6 oz 3 Savey is primarily active against eggsand immature mites. Apply whenpopulations are low.

horticultural oils, IRAC Unknown(Saf-T-Side)(J MS Stylet Oil)

(Organic J MS Stylet Oil)

1 to 2% byvolume

0.75 to 1.5% by

volume0.75 to 1.5% by

volume

0 Summer oils are effective in moderatinglow mite populations pre-harvest. Use ona trial basis only until certain oil will notresult in fruit finish problems. DO NOT

use oils within 14 days of using anysulfur-containing material. DO NOT applyoils when temperatures will exceed 90For dip below 50F. Organic JMS StyletOil is OMRI listed.

HARVEST Botrytis fruit rot boscalid +paraclostrobin (Pristine 38WDG), FRAC 7 +11


ORfenhexamid (Elevate 50 WDG),FRAC 17

ORiprodione (several brands) WG,FRAC 24F

ORcaptan +fenhexamide (CaptEvate)68WDG, FRAC M4 +17

18.5 to 23 oz

11 to 14 oz

1.5 lb

1 to 2 lb1 to 2 pt

3.5 lb


Include captan in this spray if ripe rot is aproblem. Pristine will also control ripe rot.Captan and CaptEvate have a 3-day PHI.

CaptEvate is registered on raspberriesonly.

Flower thrips Flower thrips are an occasional contamination pest at harvest. Fruit can be placed in a clear plastic bag beforeharvest and observed for flower thrips. There is no data to suggest that flower thrips damage fruit.

acetamiprid IRAC 4A(Assail 30SG) 4.5 to 5.3 oz

1

spinetoram, IRAC 5(Delegate) 3 to 6 oz

3 Do not exceed 19.5 oz Delegate per acreper season.

spinosad, IRAC 5(Entrust) 1.25 to 2.5 oz

3 Do not exceed 9 oz Entrust per acre perseason. Entrust is OMRI listed.

zeta cypermethrin IRAC 3(Mustang Max) 4.0 fl oz 1


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194



Rate ofFormulation

Per Acre

PreharvestInterval


HARVEST (continued) Spotted wing drosophila Spotted wing drosophila (SWD) is a pest of soft skinned fruit. Female SWD lay eggs in ripe and ripening fruit,which can appear otherwise undamaged externally. Because SWD is relatively new to the eastern US, it is notlisted on many pesticide labels. Check with your Cooperative Extension agent and purchaser before implementingan SWD management program. Growers are encouraged to both monitor adult flies in their fields and larvalpresence in berries. Weekly or twice weekly insecticide applications are currently recommended beginning at fruitripening and continuing through the end of harvest. More information about SWD biology, monitoring, andmanagement is available at www.ncsmallfruitsipm.blogspot.com.






1.5 to 3 pt 1

spinetoram, IRAC 5(Delegate) 3 to 6 oz 3

Do not exceed 19.5 oz Delegate per acreper season.

spinosad, IRAC 5(Entrust) 1.25 to 2.5 oz 3

Do not exceed 9 oz Entrust per acre perseason. Entrust is OMRI listed.

zeta cypermethrin IRAC 3(Mustang) 4.3 fl oz 1

Do not exceed 25.8 fl oz Mustang peracre per season.

J apanese beetles andgreen June beetles

See POST BLOOM

JUST AFTER HARVEST AND 14DAYS LATER

Leaf spots FUNGICIDE:captan

(Captan 50W)(Captan 80 WDG) 4 lb2.5 lb

J apanese beetle See POST BLOOM

LATE OCTOBER or EARLYNOVEMBER

Raspberry crown borer Raspberry crown borer treatments should be applied once per year, either in late fall or early spring.

bifenthrin, IRAC 3A(Brigade WSB) IRAC 3A 16 oz 3

chlorantranilirpole, IRAC 28(Altacor) 3-4.5 oz 3

DORMANT Scale insects Scale insects may be present on caneberries but are typically kept below economically damaging levels byparasitoids and predators. Pruning to maintain an open canopy minimizes scale populations. Examine plants afterharvest and during pruning for scale, and if present in high numbers or resulting in sooty mold growth, consider adormant season oil treatment.

horticultural oils IRAC Unknown(Saf T Side)

(J MS Stylet Oil) NC

(Organic J MS Stylet Oil)

1 to 2% byvolume

0.75 to 1.5% byvolume

0.75 to 1.5% by

volume

0

Raspberry cane borer,Red neck cane borer

During winter pruning, examine canes for raspberry cane borer injury. Prune canes girdled by raspberry caneborer 2 to 3 cm below the lower girdle or gall. If evidence of boring is present below this cut, successive cutsshould be made until no further injury is observed. Destroy or remove cuttings to prevent reinfestaion.

SPECIAL RUST SPRAYS Cane and leaf rust,Orange rust

boscalid +pyraclostrobin (Pristine 38WG), FRAC 7 +11

ORmyclobutanil (several brands) 40WSP, DF, WDG, FRAC 3


ORazoxystrobin, FRAC 11(Abound 2SC) or(Heritage 50W)

ORazoxystrobin +propiconazole (QuiltXcel), FRAC 11 +3

18.5 to 23 oz

1.25 to 2.5 oz

14 oz

6.2 to 15.4 fl oz3.2 to 8.0 oz

14 to 21 fl oz


Begin applications in the spring justbefore orange rust pustules are formedon the lower leaf of brambles (use wildblackberries as indicators). Continue at10- to 14-day intervals until the meantemperature remains above 77 degreesF.Infections can also occur in the latesummer and fall. Where orange rust hasbeen a problem, alternate Rally andCabrio or P ristine or azoxystrobin at 14-day intervals.For late leaf rust, begin when symptoms

first appear, and continue on a 14-dayinterval.

SPECIAL TREATMENTS FORPHYTOPHTHORA ROOT ROT

Phytophthora root rot mefenoxam (Ridomil Gold SL),FRAC 4

Apply 0.25 pt per 1,000 linear ft of row ina 3-ft wide band in the spring and fallafter harvest. Ridomil Gold is registeredfor raspberries only. 45-day phi.

fosetyl Al (Aliette WSP), FRAC 33 5 lb Begin when growth is 1 to 3 in. long andcontinue at 45- to 60-day intervalsthrough the growing season. Registeredfor blackberries and raspberries.Maximum of four applications per year.60-day phi.

phosphite fungicides, FRAC 33 Several phosphorus acid products areregistered for control of Phytophthoraroot rot, including Prophyt and Agri-Fos.See label for recommendations.


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16/46


196

TABLE 6-6. BUNCH GRAPE MANAGEMENT PROGRAM

When to Spray andDisease/Pest

Pesticide,Formulation, andIRAC, FRAC Code

Amount ofFormulation toUse per Acre

ReentryInterval (REI)

(hours)

PreharvestInterval (PHI)

(days) Precautions and Remarks

AT OR JUSTBEFOREBUDBURSTLeafhopper/sharpshooters(Pierces Diseasesuppression)

Consider a soil application of a neonicotiniod (4A) insecticide for leafhoppers if plants symptomatic for Pierces Disease have been observed in the vineyardor in nearby vineyards.

clothianaidin, IRAC 4A(Clutch) 6 oz 12 30

dinotefuran, IRAC 4A(Venom) 5 to 6 oz 12 28

imidacloprid, IRAC 4A(Admire Pro) 7 to 14 fl oz 12 30

Several concentrations of imidacloprid (1.6F, 2F, 4F, and 4.6F) areavailable. Carefully read the label to determine the correct rate for targetpests.

Mealybugs Only consider a systemic soil applied insecticide (i .e., Venom, Admire Pro, or Clutch) for mealybugs if these insects have been a problem in the previousyear or if dormant sampling suggests that high populations are present. Only apply foliar treatments if mealybug presence is confirmed in the planting.

clothianaidin, IRAC 4A(Clutch) 6 oz 12 30

cyfluthrin, IRAC 3(Baythriod 2EC) 2.4 to 3.2 fl oz 12 3

dinotefuran, IRAC 4A(Venom)

5 to 6 oz (soil)1 to 3 oz (foliar)

12 281

imidacloprid, IRAC 4A(Admire Pro)(Provado 1.6F)

7 to 14 fl oz0.8 to 0.1 oz

12300

Several concentrations of imidacloprid (1.6F, 2F, 4F, and 4.6F) areavailable. Carefully read the label to determine the correct rate for targetpests.

horticultural oils (seeBUD SWELL)

buprofezin, IRAC 16

(Applaud 70DF) 9 to 12 oz 12 30

acetamiprid, IRAC 4A(Assail 30SG) 2.5 oz 12 7

NEW SHOOTS (7- to10-day intervalbeginning at 1-inchshoot growth untilPrebloom Spray)Phomopsis, Black rot,Powdery mildew,Downy mildew

mancozeb, FRAC M375 DF or4 F+sulfur (various brands),FRAC M2

orfenarimol (variousbrands) 1E FRAC 3

ormyclobutanil (variousbrands), FRAC 340 WSP, DF, WDG

ortebuconazole (variousbrands), FRAC 35 DF, 45 WDG

or

triflumizole (Procure 50WS), FRAC 3

ortetraconazole (Mettle125ME), FRAC 3

2 to 4 lb1.6 to 3.2 qt

see label

3 fl oz

4 to 5 oz

4 oz

4 to 8 oz

3 to 5 fl oz

24 A powdery mildew fungicide is generally not needed in the first spray (1-in. shoot growth) unless the disease has been a problem in previousyears. Include a fungicide for powdery mildew control in subsequentsprays (sulfur, quinoxyfen, metrafenone or a sterol inhibiting fungicide(SI) fungicide: myclobutanil, fenarimol, tebuconazole, triflumizole,tetraconazole). To avoid resistance of the powdery mildew fungus tosterol inhibiting SI fungicides, limit use to 3 applications per season, usethe maximum labeled rate, and combine with sulfur. Avoid sulfur onsulfur sensitive varieties. Some sulfur injury may occur on sulfur-tolerantvarieties if the temperature exceeds 85 degrees F. The activity of sulfuris reduced at temperatures less than 65 degrees F.

PREBLOOMPhomopsis, Black rot,Powdery mildew,Downy mildew

mancozeb, FRAC M375 DF or4 F

PLUS sulfur (various brands),FRAC M2

orquinoxyfen (Quintec2SC) FRAC 43

ormetrafenone (Vivando)2.5SC), FRAC 48

orfenarimol (variousbrands) 1 E, FRAC 3

or

myclobutanil (variousbrands), FRAC 340 WSP, DF, WDG


ortriflumizole (Procure 50WS), FRAC 3


2 to 4 lb1.6 to 3.2 qt

see label

3 to 4 fl oz

10.3 to 15.4 fl oz

3 fl oz

4 to 5 oz

4 oz

4 to 8 oz

3 to 5 fl oz

24 This is one of the most important sprays for powdery mildew,phomopsis, downy mildew, and black rot control. Where black rot is aproblem, combine mancozeb with a sterol inhibiting fungicide. Sulfur isweak on black rot. Myclobutanil and tebuconazole are more active onblack rot than triflumizole or myclobutanil.See comments under NEW SHOOTS regarding resistance to SIfungicides.

OR


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197




Amo unt ofFormulation toUse per Acre


(hours)



PREBLOOMPhomopsis, Black rot,Powdery mildew,Downy mildew(continued)

Ridomil MZ, FRAC 4 +M3 or Gavel 75 DF,FRAC 22 +M3

PLUS mancozeb, FRAC 375 DF4F

PLUS

sulfur (various brands),FRAC M2

orquinoxyfen (Quintec2SC) FRAC 43

ormetrafenone (Vivando2.5SC), FRAC 48


ormyclobutanil (variousbrands),40 WSP, DF, WDG,FRAC 3

ortebuconazole (variousbrands)5 DF, 45 WDG, FRAC 3

ortriflumizole (Procure 50

WS), FRAC 3or

tetraconazole (Mettle125ME), FRAC 3

2.5 lb

1 to 2 lb0.8 to 1.6 qt

see label

3 to 4 fl oz

10.3 to 15.4 fl oz

3 fl oz

4 to 5 oz

4 oz

4 to 8 oz

3 to 5 fl oz

24

Ridomil MZ contains mefenoxam +mancozeb, and Gavel 75 DFcontains zoxamide +mancozeb.

OR

fluopicolide (Presido),FRAC 43

orfamoxadone +cymoxanil (Tanos),FRAC 11 +27

ormandipropamid(Revus), FRAC 40

orfenamidone (Reason500SC), FRAC 11

orcyazofamid (Ranman)FRAC 21

or

ametoctradin +dimethomorph(Zampro) FRAC 45+40

PLUS mancozeb, FRAC M375 DF4F

PLUS sulfur (various brands),FRAC M2


ormyclobutanil (variousbrands), FRAC 340 WSP, DF, WDG


or

triflumizole (Procure 50WS), FRAC 3


3 to 4 fl oz

8 oz

8 fl oz

2.7 fl oz

2.1 to 2.75 fl oz

11 to 14 fl oz

3 lb2.4 qt

see label

3 fl oz

4 to 5 oz

4 oz

4 to 8 oz

3 to 5 fl oz

24

12

12

12

Do not add a crop oil to Revus if the Revus application is within 2 weeksof a sulfur or captan application.

OR


18/46


198






(hours)



PREBLOOMPhomopsis, Black rot,Powdery mildew,Downy mildew(continued)

azoxystrobin (Abound 2SC), FRAC 11

OR kresoxim-methyl(Sovran 50 WG), FRAC11

OR trifloxystrobin (Flint 50

WG), FRAC 11 OR

boscalid +pyraclostrobin (P ristine38W), FRAC 7 +11

OR tebuconazole +trifloxystrobin(Adament), FRAC 3 +11

OR azoxystrobin +difenoconazole(Quadris Top), FRAC11 +3

OR mandipropamid, FRAC40 +difenoconazole,FRAC 3 (Revus Top)

OR difenoconazole +cyprodinil (Inspire

Super) FRAC 3 +9 OR

fluopyram +tebuconazole (LunaExperience) FRAC 3+9

PLUS mancozeb FRAC M375DF4F

11 to 15.4 fl oz

3.2 to 4 oz

1.5 to 2 oz

8 to 10.5 oz

3 to 7.2 oz

10 to 14 oz

7.0 fl oz

16 to 20 fl oz

5 to 8.6 fl oz

3 lb2.4 qt

4

12

12

See label

12

12

12

12

10 days

Resistance of the downy mildew fungus to the QoI fungicides(Abound, Flint, Sovran, or Pristine) and the Qol component ofAdamen t and Luna Ex peri ence i s w ides pread in No rth Carol ina. Donot rely on them for do wny mildew control. Resistance of thepowdery mildew fungus t o Qol fungcides has also been reportedfrom some st ates. To help avoid resistance, tank mix Qolfungicides with sulf ur (but not on sulf ur-sensitive varieties).

Do not make more than two sequential applications of Flint, Sovran,Abound, Pristine, Adament , Luna Experience, or Quadris Top beforerotating to a non-QoI fungicide.Do not apply Pristine to Concord, Worden, Fredonia, or related grapevarieties due to possible injury. Do not apply Flint or Adament toConcord grapes.

Do not make more than 6 total applications of Adament per season.

A fungi cid e wit h downy mil dew ac tiv ity mus t be added t o Ins pir e

Super in this spray. Do not apply more than 80 fl oz/acre per season.

Do not make more than 2 sequential applications of Luna Experience orany other Group 7 or Group 3 fungicide before rotating to a fungicide inanother group.

PREBLOOMFlea beetle

SeeBud Swellrecommendations

Grape berry moth Grape berry moth is present in NC, but it is not uniformly distributed in the state. If grape berry moth presence is suspected, observe flowers and fruit forinjury and consider monitoring moth presence with pheromone baited traps.

chlorantraniliprole IRAC28 (Altacor) 2 to 4.5 oz 4

14 chlorantraniliprole IRAC 28 (Altacor)

methoxyfenozide, IRAC18 (Intrepid 2F) 12 to 16 fl oz 4 30

Minimum application of Intrepid for airblast sprayers is 40 gal per acre.

indoxacarb (IRAC 22)(Avaunt 30DG) 5 to 6 oz 12 7

methomyl, IRAC 1A(Lannate SP)(Lannate LV)

0.5 to 1 lb1.5 to 3 pt

7 14

spinosad, IRAC 5(Entrust) 1.25 to 2.5 oz 4 7

Entrust is OMRI listed.

spinetoram, IRAC 5(Delegate) 3 to 5 oz 4 7

fenpropathrin, IRAC 3(Danitol 2.4 EC) 10.6 fl oz 24 21

PREBLOOMLeafhoppers/Sharpshooters (PiercesDisease suppression)Initiation of foliartreatments should bebased on trapcaptures.

If foliar and soil applications of group 4A pesticides are part of a management plan for Pierces dis ease (i.e., Admire Pro applied via d rip andVenom fo liar), at least one application of a d ifferent IRAC insecticide should occ ur as a ro tation between these treatments.

Synthetic pyrethriod insecticides (Group 3) and organophosphates (Groups 1A and 1B) are broad spectrum insecticides and have the potential to flare spidermite populations. Observe spider mites before and after treatments to determine if these populations increase.

acetamiprid, IRAC 4A(Assail WSP) 2.5 oz 12 7


Venom may be applied to the soil at this time, however, only one soilapplication can be made per year; see label for details.

imidacloprid, IRAC 4A(Provado)(Admire Pro)

7 to 14 fl oz3 to 4 fl oz

12030

Several concentrations of imidacloprid (1.6F, 2F, 4F, and 4.6F) areavailable. Carefully read the label to determine the correct rate for targetpests. Provado is a foliar spray. Admire Pro is applied to the soil andmay be applied in drip or trickle or microsprinkler irrigation, as asubsurface sidedressing shanked into the root zone followed byirrigation or a drench in sufficient water to ensure penetration into theroot zone followed by irrigation. See label.

clothianidin, IRAC 4A(Clutch) 1 to 2 oz

cyfluthrin (IRAC 3)(Baythriod 2EC) 2.4 to 3.2 fl oz 12 3

fenpropathrin, IRAC 3(Danitol 2.4 EC) 5.33 to 10.66 fl oz 24 21


19/46


199






(hours)



PREBLOOMLeafhoppers/Sharpshooters (PiercesDisease suppression)Initiation of foliartreatments should bebased on trapcaptures. (continued)

carbaryl, IRAC 1A(Sevin 80S) 1.25 to 2.5 lb 12 7

malathion, IRAC 1B(Malathion 57EC)(Malathion 5)

3 pt3 pt

12 3

Grape phylloxera(foliar)

Grape phylloxera has root feeding and foliar feeding forms. Rootstocks used in grape propagation are resistant to root feeding forms and do not requiretreatment. Foliar phylloxera may be problematic in European-American hybrid varieties (i.e., Vidal, Seyval, etc.) and cause distinctive, wart-like galls onleaves. The mobile crawler stage of phylloxera is susceptible to insecticide treatment, but closed galls are not. Scouting for galls and crawlers should beginonce leaves are expanded. If infested leaves are found in susceptible varieties, insecticide treatments should be timed to crawler emergence.

imidacloprid, IRAC 4A(Provado)(Admire Pro)

7 to 14 fl oz3 to 4 fl oz

12030

Several concentrations of imidacloprid (1.6F, 2F, 4F, and 4.6F) areavailable. Carefully read the label to determine the correct rate for targetpests. Provado is a foliar spray. Admire Pro is applied to the soil andmay be applied in drip or trickle or microsprinkler irrigation, as asubsurface sidedressing shanked into the root zone followed byirrigation or a drench in sufficient water to ensure penetration into theroot zone followed by irrigation. See label.

acetamiprid, IRAC 4A(Assail WSP)

2.5 oz 12 7

fenpropathrin, IRAC 3(Danitol 2.4 EC) 5.33 to 10.66 fl oz 24

21

Kaolin clay(Surround WP CropProtectant)

25 lb 4Surround is a barrier that reduces insect feeding. Harvest parametersmay be altered and maturity may be delayed, especially in white winevarieties. Closely monitor harvest parameters to determine optimal timeto harvest. Changes in harvest parameters can affect final taste. Winegrapes sprayed up to veraison will have minimal adherence to berries.Applications after veraison will adhere more on grape berries.Surround is OMRI listed.

BLOOMBotrytis

iprodione (variousbrands), FRAC 275 WG or4 F

orcyprodinil (Vangard 75WG), FRAC 9

orfenhexamid (Elevate 50WDG), FRAC 17

orpyrimethanil (ScalaSC), FRAC 17

orboscalid (Endura 30W),FRAC 7

OR difenoconazole +

cyprodinil (InspireSuper) FRAC 3 +9

OR fluopyram +tebuconazole (LunaExperience) FRAC 7+3

1 to 1.33 lb1 to 2 pt

10 oz

1 lb

18 fl oz

8 oz

16 to 20 fl oz

5 to 8.6 fl oz

48

12

12

24

12

12

10 days

A spray for botrytis during bloom may be beneficial in wet seasons andin vineyards with a botrytis problem. Elevate, Endura, iprodione, InspireSuper, Luna Experience, and Vangard should be rotated through theseason to avoid resistance development. See product labels forcomplete information on resistance management and use restrictions.

Endura, Inspire Super and Luna Experience will also control powderymildew.

A fu ngi ci de wi th down mil dew ac tiv ity mus t be added t o Ins pir eSuper in this spray. Do not apply more than 80 fl oz/acre per season.

Phomopsis, Black rot,Powdery mildew,Downy mildew

SeePREBLOOMrecommendations

A bloom spray should be made if the time interval between the lastprebloom spray and the postbloom spray is more than 10 days.

Thrips Thrips treatment may be justified if populations exceed an average of 10 thrips per cluster. To sample for thrips, beat blossom clusters over a white surfaceand count the number of thrips dislodged onto the surface. Count immediately after beating the blossom cluster. Sample at least 10 blossom clusters fromdifferent locations in the vineyard. During periods of heavy thrips pressure, a second application may be needed, but make it only if thrips numbers remainhigh. Wait at least 5 days before making a second application.

spinetoram, IRAC 5,(Delegate) 3 to 5 oz 4 7

spinosad, IRAC 5(Entrust 80WP) 1.25 to 2.5 oz 4 7



Foliar applications of Group 4A insecticides should NOT be usedfollowing a long acting soil application of any group 4A insecticide (i.e.,Admire Pro, Venom, or Clutch).

azadirachtin, IRACUnknown(Aza-Direct)

1 to 2 pt 4 0Aza-direct is OMRI listed. Data on thrips control is limited.

pyrethrins, IRAC 3(Pyganic 1.4 EC)(Pyganic 5 EC)


12 0 Pyganic 1.4 EC and Pyganic 5 EC are OMRI listed. Data on thripscontrol are limited.Pyganic should be buffered to a pH between 5.5 and 7.

POSTBLOOM(immediately afterbloom)Grape berry moth,grape flea beetle, andleafhoppers/sharpshooters (PiercesDisease suppression)

SeePREBLOOMrecommendatations.


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(hours)



POSTBLOOM(immediately afterbloom)European red mite,twospotted spidermite

Sample for mites weekly using a minimum 10x hand lens. If greater than 50% of leaves observed have spider mites and no predatory mites are present,treatment is justified. Fast moving predatory mites can be distinguished from slower moving spider mites through direct observation. Rotate acaricidesbetween IRACs to minimize selection for resistance.

abamectin, IRAC 6(Agri-Mek 0.15EC)(many otherformulations)

16 fl oz

bifenazate, IRACUnknown(Acramite 50 WS) 1 lb 12 14

The reentry interval is 5 days for cane turning, tying, and girdling oftable grapes. Minimum of 50 gallons per acre spray volume.

etoxazole, IRAC 10B(Zeal) 3 oz 12 28

Zeal is a growth regulator and kills eggs and young mites. It is mosteffective if applied when mite populations are low.

dicofol, IRAC Unknown(Difocol 4EC)(Kelthane 50WSP)

2.5 pt2.5 lb

12 7 Use Kelthane at 1 lb/acre on small vines. Do not make more than 2applications per season.

fenpyroximate, IRAC21A(FujiMite 5EC) 2 pt 12 14

Do not apply more than 2 pints of FujiMite per acre per season. Apply ina minimum spray volume of 50 gal per acre.

fenbutatin-oxide, IRAC12B(Vendex 50WP) 2.5 lb 48 28

Do not make more than 2 applications of Vendex per season.

pyridiben, IRAC 21(Nexter 75WPSB)(Pyramite 60 WP)

5.2 oz13.2 oz

12 7 The maximum amount of pyridiben allowed per acre per season is 26.4oz. Do not make more than two applications of pyridiben per season.

spirodiclofen, IRAC 23(Envidor 2SC) 18 fl oz 12 14

horticultural oils, IRACUnknownmany materials,including(Saf T Side)(Glacial Spray Fluid)

1 to 2% by volume Some oi s areOMRI iste ; c ec a e. DO NOT use in com inationwith or immediately before or after spraying with fungicides such asCaptan or any product containing sulfur. DO NOT use with carbaryl ordimethoate. DO NOT use with any product whose label recommendsthe use of no oils. Do not use in combination with NPK foliar fertilizerapplications.

Grape phylloxera (leafform)

SeePREBLOOM recommendations.

POSTBLOOM (7 to10 days after thePrebloom Spray)Phomopsis, Black rot,Powdery mildew,Downy mildew, Bitterrot, Ripe rot

mancozeb, FRAC M375 DF or4 F

PLUS myclobutanil (variousbrands) 40 WSP, DF,WGD, FRAC 3

ortebuconazole (variousbrands) 45 DF,

45WDG, FRAC 3ortetraconazole (Mettle125ME), FRAC 3

orquinoxyfen (Quintec 2SC), FRAC13

ormetrafenone (Vivando)2.5 SC),FRAC U8

2 to 4 lb1.6 to 3.2 qt

4 to 5 oz

4 oz

3 to 5 fl oz

3 to 4 fl oz

10.3 to 15.4 fl oz

24 66 Very important spray for black rot, phomopsis, and powdery mildewcontrol. See comments under PREBLOOM spray regarding resistanceof the downy mildew fungus to the QoI fungicides. Do not make morethan 6 applications per season of Pristine or Adament or 4 applicationsof QoI fungicides (Flint, Sovran, Quadris Top and Abound). Do notmake more than 2 sequential applications of Flint, Sovran, Abound,Pristine, or Adament.See comments under NEW SHOOTS regarding resistance to SIfungicides.

Do not make more than 2 applications of Quintec in sequence or 3applications per season to avoid resistance.

Do not make more than 3 applications of Vivando or 46.2 fl oz per acreper season. Do not make more than 2 sequential applications ofVivando.

OR

Ridomil MZ, FRAC 4 +M3 or Gavel 75 DF,FRAC 22 +M3

PLUS mancozeb, FRAC M375 DF4 F

PLUS myclobutanil (variousbrands) 40 WSP, DF,

WGD, FRAC 3or

tebuconazole (variousbrands) 45 DF,45WDG, FRAC 3


orquinoxyfen (Quintec 2SC), FRAC 13

ormetrafenone (Vivando2.5 SC),FRAC U8

2.5 lb

1 to 2 lb0.8 to 1.6 qt

4 to 5 oz

4 oz

3 to 5 fl oz

3 to 4 fl oz

10.3 to 15.4 fl oz

24

66

Very important spray for black rot, phomopsis, and powdery mildewcontrol. See comments under PREBLOOM spray regarding resistanceof the downy mildew fungus to the QoI fungicides. Do not make morethan 6 applications per season of Pristine or Adament or 4 applicationsof QoI fungicides (Flint, Sovran, Quadris Top and Abound). Do notmake more than 2 sequential applications of Flint, Sovran, Abound,Pristine, or Adament.See comments under NEW SHOOTS regarding resistance to SIfungicides.

Do not make more than 2 applications of Quintec in sequence or 3applications per season to avoid resistance.Do not make more than 3 applications of Vivando or 46.2 fl oz per acreper season. Do not make more than 2 sequential applications ofVivando.

OR


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(hours)



POSTBLOOM (7 to10 days after thePrebloom Spray)Phomopsis, Black rot,Powdery mildew,Downy mildew, Bitterrot, Ripe rot(continued)

fluopicolide (Presido),FRAC 43

orfamoxadone +cymoxanil (Tanos),FRAC 11 +27

ormandipropamid

(Revus), FRAC 40or

fenamidone (Reason)FRAC 11

orcyazofamid (Rahman)

orametoctradin +dimethomorph(Zampro) FRAC 45+40


PLUS myclobutanil (variousbrands)40 WSP, DF,WGD,FRAC 3

ortebuconazole (variousbrands)

45 DF, 45WDG, FRAC 3or

tetraconazole (Mettle125ME), FRAC 3


ormetrafenone (Vivando2.5 SC),FRAC U8

3 to 4 fl oz

8 oz

8 fl oz

2.7 fl oz

2.1 to 2.75 fl oz

11 to 14 fl oz

3 lb2.4 qt

4 to 5 oz

4 oz

3 to 5 fl oz

3 to 4 fl oz

10.3 to 15.4 fl oz

24

12

12

12

66

30

30

28

Do not add a crop oil to Revus if the Revus application is within 2 weeks

of a sulfur or captan application.


OR mandipropamid +difenoconazole (RevusTop), FRAC 40 +3

7 fl oz

24

66 Do not make more than 2 consecutive applications of Revus Topbefore alternating to a fungicide with a different mode of action.


2 to 4 lb1.6 to 3.2 qt

OR

azoxystrobin (Abound 2SC) , FRAC 11

OR kresoxim-methyl(Sovran 50 WG), FRAC11

OR trifloxystrobin (Flint 50WG), FRAC 11

OR boscalid +pyraclostrobin (P ristine38W), FRAC 7 +11

OR tebuconazole +trifloxystrobin(Adament), FRAC 3+11

OR azoxystrobin +difenoconazole(Quadris Top), FRAC11 +3

11 to 15.4 fl oz

3.2 to 4.8 oz

2 oz

8 to 10.5 oz

3 to 7.2 oz

10 to 14 oz

4

12

12

See label

12

12

14

14

14

14

14

14

Do not make more than 6 total applications of Adament per season.Use the high rate on varieties susceptible to powdery mildew or inblocks where powdery mildew has been a problem.

1st COVER SPRAY(7 to 10 days afterPostbloom Spray)Grape berry moth,leafhoppers/sharpshooters (PiercesDisease suppression)

SeePREBLOOMrecommendations

If foliar and soil applications of group 4A pesticides are part of amanagement plan for Pierces Disease (ie. Admire Pro applied viadrip and Venom fol iar), at least one application of a d ifferent IRACinsecticide should occ ur as a rotation between these treatments.Current information indicates that in areas where Pierces disease is aproblem, controlling leafhoppers and sharpshooters through J ulyreduces the risk of Pierces disease.See labels for preharvest intervals.

J apanese beetle,Green J une beetles

DO NOT use J apanese beetle traps. J apanese beetle foliar feed only warrants treatment if it occurs on leaves below the top trellis wire.

acetamiprid, IRAC 4A(Assail WSP) 1.1 oz 12 7

Foliar applications of Group 4A insecticides should NOT be usedfollowing a long-acting soil application of any group 4A insecticide (i.e.,Admire Pro, Venom, or Clutch).

azadirectin, IRACUnknown(Aza-Direct) 1 to 2 pt oz 4 0

Aza-Direct is OMRI listed. Data on J apanese beetle control is limited.


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(hours)



1st

COVER SPRAY(7 to 10 days afterPostbloom Spray)J apanese beetle,Green J une beetles(continued)

carbaryl, IRAC 1A(Sevin XLR Plus) 2 qt 12 7

Synthetic organophosphates (Groups 1A and 1B) are broad spectruminsecticides and have the potential to flare spider mite populations.Observe spider mites before and after treatments to determine if thesepopulations increase.

fenpropathrin, IRAC 3(Danitol 2.4 EC) 10.6 to 21.3 fl oz 24 21

Do not apply Danitol within 21 days of harvest.

malathion, IRAC 1B(7EC)(5)

4 lb2.7 pt

12 3

phosmet, IRAC 1B(Imidan 70W) 1.33 to 2.125 lb 14 14

Rates are based on 200 gal per acre spray volume.

kaolin clay(Surround WP) 25 to 50 lb

Surround may delay fruit maturity, and therefore, anticipated harvestdate. Fruit harvest characters should be carefully monitored if Surroundis used to ensure timely harvest. Surround is OMRI listed.

Phomopsis, Black rot,Powdery mildew,Downy mildew, Bitterrot, Ripe rot

captan, FRAC M450 W or4L or80 WDG

+myclobutanil (variousbrands) 40 WSP, DF,WDG, FRAC 3

ortebuconazole (variousbrands) 45 DF, 45WDG, FRAC 3


ormetrafenone (Vivando)2.5 SC,FRAC 48

2 to 4 lb1 to 2 qt

1.25 to 2.5 lb

4 to 5 oz

4 oz

3 to 4 fl oz

10.3 to 15.4 fl oz

48 to 96

12

14

14

14

14

This is also a very important spray for early season diseasecontrol. If conditions are favorable for these diseases, follow thefungicide recommendations under POSTBLOOM spray.See comments under POSTBLOOM spray.Do not use more that 24 lb of captan 50 W or 12 qt of captan 4F or 15 lbof captan 80 WDG per acre per season.The REI for Captan varies; follow label directions.

For additional control of downy mildew, tank mix with one of the downymildew fungicides below.


OR mancozeb, FRAC M375 DF or4 F

+myclobutanil (variousbrands) 40 WSP, DF,WDG, FRAC 3

ortebuconazole (variousbrands) 45 DF, 45WDG, FRAC 3



ormetrafenone (Vivando)2.5 SC,FRAC 48

2 to 4 lb1.6 to 3.2 qt

4 to 5 oz

4 oz

3 to 5 fl oz

3 to 4 fl oz

10.3 to 15.4 fl oz

24

24 Mancozeb has a 66-day preharvest interval.


OR mancozeb, FRAC M375 DF or4 F

+mandipropamid, FRAC40 +difenoconazole(Revus Top), FRAC 3

2 to 4 lb1.6 to 3.2 qt

7 fl oz

14

14

.

Revus Top will also control downy mildew.

Downy mildew Prophyt, FRAC 33 OR

Phostrol, FRAC 33 OR

Agri-Fos, FRAC 33

OR fenamidone (Reason),FRAC 4

OR cyazofamid (Ranman),FRAC 21

OR mandipropamid(Revus), FRAC 40

OR fluopicolide (Presido),FRAC 43

OR ametoctradin +dimethomorph(Zampro) FRAC 45 +50

2.4 pt

2.5 to 5 pt

1.5 to 2.5 qt

2.7 fl oz

2.1 to 2.75 fl oz

8.0 fl oz

3.0 to 4.0 fl oz

11 to 14 fl oz

4

4

4

12

12

4

12

12

0

0

0

30

30

14

21

28

These phosphorus acid-based products are excellent eradicants andhave pre- and post-symptom activity, providing approximately 7 daysprotectant activity. They all have a 0-day PHI.

Do not exceed a 0.6% spray solution concentration of Prophyt.

Use lower rate of Agri-Fos in 100 gal water per acre early in season,and higher rates in 150 to 200 gal of water per acre in late season andwhen the canopy is thick.Other phosphite fungicides may be available. See label for correctrates.

See labels for resistance management strategies for Reason, Ranman,Revus, Presido, and Zampro.


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(hours)



CLOSINGBotrytis

Same as BlOOMSPRAY

At closing, add Elevate, Endura, Rovral, or Vangard to the appropriatecover spray for botrytis control. See Bloom Spray for information onresistance management when using Elevate, Endura, Rovral, andVangard.

J apanese beetle,J une beetle

Same as 1st Cover

Grape berry moth,Leafhopper/sharpshooter (Pierces Diseasesuppression)

Same as PREBLOOM Foliar applications of Group 4A insecticides should NOT be usedfollowing a long-acting soil application of any group 4A insecticid e(i.e. Admire Pro, Venom, or Clutch). Current information indicates thatin areas where Pierces disease is a problem, controlling leafhoppersand sharpshooters through J uly reduces the risk of Pierces disease.See labels for preharvest intervals.

2n

& SUBSEQUENTCOVER SPRAYS(10- to 14-dayintervals until thePreharvest Spray)Ripe rot, Bitter rot,Macrophoma rot

captan50 W or4 L or80 WGD

2 to 4 lb2 to 4 qt

1.25 to 2.5 lb

48 to 96 0 If additional sprays are needed for powdery mildew control, use sulfur.On sulfur-intolerant varieties and when temperatures exceed 85o F, usean SI fungicide (Rally, Elite, Procure, Rubigan, or Vivando) in rotationwith quinoxyfen (Quintec 2 SC) to keep resistance from developing.

Downy mildew Same as 1st COVER See recommendations for downy mildew control under 1st cover sprayabove.

Phylloxera, J apaneseand June beetles

Same as 1st COVER Check labels for preharvest intervals.

2n

& SUBSEQUENTCOVER SPRAYS(10- to 14-day

intervals until thePreharvest Spray)Grape berry moth,Leafhopper/sharpshooter (Pierces Diseasesuppression)

Same as PREBLOOM Current information indicates that in areas where Pierces disease is aproblem, controlling leafhoppers and sharpshooters through J ulyreduces the risk of Pierces disease.

If Venom was applied as a soil treatment during prebloom, a second soilapplication is not permitted, but a foliar spray of Venom is permitted atthis time. See label for further restrictions.

Mites Same as POSTBLOOM

VERAISONBotrytis

Same as Bloom SprayORcyprodinil +fludioxinil(Switch 62.5 WDG),FRAC 9 +12 11 to 14 oz

Switch may reduce the severity of sour rot.

PREHARVEST (10 to14 days beforeharvest)Ripe rot, Bitter rot,Macrophoma rot,Botrytis

captan, FRAC M450 W or4 F or80 WGD+iprodione (variousbrands), FRAC 250 WP or

4 For

cyprodinil (Vangard 75WG), FRAC 9

orfenhexamide (Elevate50 WDG),FRAC 17

orpyrimethanil (ScalaSC), FRAC 17

orboscalid (Endura 30W),FRAC7

orcyprodinil +fludioxinil(Switch 62.5 WDG),FRAC 7 +12

OR azoxystrobin (Abound 2SC), FRAC11

OR

kresoxim-methyl(Sovran 50 WG), FRAC11

OR trifloxystrobin (Flint 50WG), FRAC 11

OR boscalid +pyraclostrobin (P ristine38W), FRAC 7 +11

4 lb1 qt

1.25 to 2.5 lb

1 to 2 lb

1 to 2 pt

10 oz

1 lb

18 fl oz

8 oz

11 to 14 oz

15.4 fl oz

4.8 oz

3 oz

18.5 to 23 oz

48 to 96

12

4

12

12

5 to 12

0

7

7

0

7

14

7

14

14

14

14

The REI for captan varies with trade name.


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(hours)



PREHARVEST (10 to14 days beforeharvest)Downy mildew

Prophyt, FRAC 33 OR

Phostrol, FRAC 33 OR

Agri-Fos, FRAC 33 OR

mandipropamid(Revus), FRAC 40

2.4 pt

2.5 to 5 pt

1.5 to 2.5 qt

8 fl oz

4

4

4

4

0

0

0

14

Phosphite fungicides are not very good protectants but they are gooderadicants and have pre- and post-symptom activity. All have a 0-dayPHI. Other phosphite fungicides may be available.

Do not exceed a 0.6% spray solution concentration of Prophyt.

Use higher rate of Agri-Fos in 150 to 200 gal of water per acre late inthe season when the canopy is thick.Other phosphite fungicides may be available. Check label for correctrates.


Spotted wing drosophila (SWD) is a recently detected invasive pest of ripe and ripening fruit. It is unclear how significant SWD will be in bunch grapes.Growers are encouraged to monitor adult flies in vineyards and larvae in fruit and treat if present. Weekly or twice weekly treatments may be necessary tomanage damaging populations. Insecticides effective against SWD may also have activity against leafhoppers. For more information on SWD biology,monitoring, and management, see www.ncsmallfruitsipm.blogspot.com.

beta-cyfulthrin, IRAC 3A(Baythroid XL 1EC) 1.6 to 3.2 fl oz 12 3

fenpropathrin, IRAC 3A(Danitol 2.4EC)

5.33 to 21.33 fl oz 24 12

imidacloprid +cyfluthrin, IRAC 4A +3(Leverage 2.4) 3 to 8 fl oz 12 3

malathion IRAC 1B(Malathion 5EC) 1.5 pt 12 3

spinosad, IRAC 5(Entrust) 1.25 to 2.5 oz 4 7


spinetoram, IRAC 5(Delegate) 3 to 5 oz 4 7

zeta-cypermethrin,IRAC 3(Mustang) 2.15 to 4.3 fl oz 12 1

HARVESTYellowjackets andbees

Check to make sure wasps are not nesting in vines. Spot treat or manually remove nests if present. Widespread insecticide treatment for wasps or bees isnot recommended, because treatments with short PHI will not provide control, and only foraging worker wasps or bees will be killed, leaving the rest of thenest for reinfestation. Damaged fruit should be removed to reduce attraction for other bees and wasps.


SeePREHARVEST

Multicolored Asianlady beetle

MALB can be a contaminant pest at harvest. Sample at least 10 clusters per acre within a few days of harvest, place in a plastic bag for approximately 30minutes, and count beetles. Treatment thresholds vary by variety.

imidaclorpid, IRAC 4A(Provado)

3 to 4 fl oz 12 0 Several concentrations of imidacloprid (1.6F, 2F, 4F, and 4.6F) areavailable. Carefully read the label to determine the correct rate for targetpests. Data on control with imiaclorpid are limited.

POSTHARVEST (14-to 21-day intervals

from harvest untilfirst killing frost)Downy mildew

copper compounds(various formulations),

FRAC M1ORmancozeb, FRAC M375 DF, 80 W or4 F

See label

2 to 4 lb1.6 to 3.2 qt

See label

24

Premature defoliation may predispose vines to winter injury. Use shorterspray intervals when conditions are favorable for disease development.

Copper may cause injury under cool, slow-drying conditions. Usemancozeb on copper sensitive varieties for downy mildew control. UseJ MS Stylet Oil for powdery mildew control on sulfur sensitive varieties.Do not use captan, sulfur, or copper within 2 weeks of a J MS Stylet Oilapplication. Prophyt or Phostrol can also be used for downy mildewcontrol.

Powdery mildew sulfur (variousformulations), FRAC M2ORJ MS Stylet Oil, FRACNC

See label1.5 to 2%

(See label)

See label4

Grape root borer mating disruption(Isomate GRB)

100 dispensers NA NA Dispensers should be placed prior to the beginning of grape root borermoth flight activity and be left in the vineyard until the end of flightactivity. Moth flight timing varies between vineyards, but can be asearly as J uly and last until October. Pheromone baited traps can helpdetermine grape root borer populations and flight activity, but traps willnot be effective if mating disruption is underway.

Soil mounding, culturalcontrol

NA Use clean cultivation, mound soil (J uly 1 to Aug. 1) or at first mothemergence when using pheromone traps) or using tightly-sealed plasticmulch 3 ft from the base of vines. This practice will inhibit adult

emergence from the soil when well timed. Mounded soil needs to beremoved by Sept. 1.

chloropyrifos (LorsbanAdvanced) IRAC 1B 4.5 pt/100 gal water 24 35

Apply 2 quarts of mixture to soil at base of each vine. A singleapplication should be sufficient, either pre or post harvest, dependingupon grape root borer flight timing. Spray should not contact fruit orfoliage. Application can be made with flood nozzles and low pressure(40 to 60 psi). The preharvest interval for Lorsban is 35 days.

For further information, see www.smallfruits.org.


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205

Muscadine Grape Management Program

W. O. CLINE, Plant Pathology Extension, and H. J. BURRACK, Entomology Extension

For effective disease control, commercial growers shou ld apply fungi cides every two weeks from mid May through mid Jul y,beginning prior to the onset of disease symptoms. Fungicides are generally not necessary in home plantings.

The Insecticide Resistance Action Committee (IRAC) groups insecticides and the Fungicide Resistance Action Committee groupsfungicides into mode of action (MOA) categories. These categories are listed following the pesticide and formulation names. To reducethe risk of resistance development, avoid successive applications of products with the same MOA for the same pest. Organicallyacceptable insecticides (OMRI listed) are indicated in Precautions and Remarks.

Insect management differs f rom disease management because some insect injury can be tolerated before economic damageoccurs. Apply insecticides only if potentially damaging populations are present. Sampling techniques and tools are describedwhen available.Many insecticide active ingredients come in several formulations, or generic versions of the same formulation;information for the most common brand name is provided. This is not an endorsement of any particular brand name product. Always readand follow the label on any pesticide.

TABLE 6-7A. MUSCADINE SPRAY PROGRAM FOR DISEASE CONTROL

When to Spray Pest Pesticid e and Formulati on

Amo unt ofFormulation

Per Acre

RestrictedEntry Interval

(REI)

MinimumInterval (Days)Between Last

App lic atio n andHarvest;

PreharvestInterval (PHI) Precautions and Remarks

When shootsare 6 to 10 in.

Black rot,Bitter rot,Angular leaf

spot, Powderymildew

Azoxystrobin, FRAC 11 (Abound 2.08 SC)ORMyclobutanil, FRAC 3 (Nova, Rally 40 W)

ORpyraclostrobin +boscalid, FRAC 11+7(Pristine38 W)ORthiophanate-methyl, FRAC 1 (Topsin M70WSB)ORTrifloxystrobin, FRAC 11 (Flint 50 WG)

11 to 15.4 fl oz

3 to 5 oz

8 to 12.5 oz

1 to 1.5 lb

2 oz

4 hrs

24 hrs

12 hrs/5 days

2 days

12 hrs

14Do not make more than 2 sequential applicationsof strobilurin fungicides (Abound, Flint, orPristine) before alternating with nonstrobilurin

fungicides (Captan, Nova, Rally, or Topsin M).

The REI for Pristine is 12 hrs for all crop usesexcept cane tying, cane turning or cane girdling.These operations, not normally performed onmuscadines, require a five day (5d) re-entryinterval.

EBDCs, FRAC M3 (Manzate Prostick,Penncozeb 75 DF, Dithane M45)

1.5 to 4 lb 24 hrs 66 Cannot be used within 66 days of harvest.

Powderymildew only

wettable sulfur, FRAC M2 (Microthiol,other brands) 80 to 92% S

2 to 5 lb 24 hrs 1 Must be applied every 7 to 10 days. Dilute sulfurin 100 gal of water per acre. Sulfur corrodessprayers and trellis wires.

Bloom Black rot,Bitter rot,Angular leafspot, Powderymildew

Azoxystrobin, FRAC 11 (Abound 2.08 SC)ORMyclobutanil, FRAC 3 (Nova, Rally 40 W)ORpyraclostrobin +boscalid, FRAC 11+7(Pristine 38 W)OR

thiophanate-methyl, FRAC 1 (Topsin M70 WSB)ORTrifloxystrobin, FRAC 11 (Flint 50 WG)

11 to 15.4 fl oz

3 to 5 oz

8 to 12.5 oz

1 to 1.5 lb

2 oz

4 hrs

24 hrs

12 hrs/5 days

2 days

12 hrs

14Do not make more than 2 sequential applicationsof strobilurin fungicides (Abound, Flint, orPristine) before alternating with nonstrobilurinfungicides (Captan, Nova, Rally, or Topsin M).

The REI for Pristine is 12 hrs for all crop usesexcept cane tying, cane turning or cane girdling.

These operations, not normally performed onmuscadines, require a five day (5d) re-entryinterval.

Fruit rots,Sooty blotch

Azoxystrobin, FRAC 11 (Abound 2.08 SC)ORCaptan, FRAC M4(Captan 50 WP)(Captec 4L)

ORpyraclostrobin +boscalid, FRAC 11+7(Pristine 38 W)ORTrifloxystrobin, FRAC 11 (Flint 50 WG)

11 to 15.4 fl oz

2 to 4 lb2 qt

8 to 12.5 oz

2 oz

4 hrs

48 hrs48 hrs

12 hrs/5 days

12 hrs

14

2 (re-entry)2 (re-entry)

14

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