1. 1. TOBACCO USE Kevin Callaghan Jacksonville University
2. 2. Tobacco Use A cigarette is the only consumer product which when used as directed kills its consumer. -- Dr. Gro Brundtland
3. 3. Severity of Problem: Cigarette smoking is the number one cause of preventable disease and death worldwide. Smoking related diseases claim over 393,000 American lives each year. Smoking cost the United States over $193 billion in 2004, an average of $4,260 per adult smoker. Secondhand smoke is a serious health hazard for people of all ages, and is estimated to cause close to 50,000 deaths each year. (American Lung Association, 2015)
4. 4. Severity of Problem Tobacco use increases the risk for many types of cancer, such as lung cancer Smoking can cause cancer almost anywhere in your body Studies show a direct link between cigarette smoking and coronary heart disease. Smoking, including during the teenage years, increases the risk of dying from COPD. Smoking during pregnancy increases the risk for pregnancy complications. (American Lung Association, 2015)
5. 5. Smoking-Attributable Deaths from 2000- 2004 Lung Cancer, 125,522 Coronary Heart Disease, 80,005 COPD/Other, 78,988
6. 6. Healthy People/Healthy People 2020 Healthy People is a set of goals and objectives with 10-year targets designed to guide national health promotion and disease prevention efforts to improve health to all people in the United States. Healthy People 2020 is committed to the vision of a society in which all people live long, healthy lives. Healthy People 2020 includes high-priority health issues that represent significant threats to the publics health. Healthy People 2020 provides a way to assess the health of the Nation for key areas, facilitate collaboration across diverse sectors, and motivate action at the National, State, and Local levels. Tobacco Use is one of the Leading Health Indicators of Healthy People 2020 and focuses on: Adults who are current cigarette smokers Adolescents who smoked cigarettes in the last 30 days (US Department of Health and Human Services, 2015)
7. 7. Healthy People 2020 Tobacco Use The Tobacco Use Program is part of Healthy People 2020. Goals of Program: Implement policies to reduce tobacco initiation and use among youth and adults Adopt policies and strategies to increase access, affordability, and use of smoking cessation services and treatments Establish policies to reduce exposure to secondhand smoke, increase cost of tobacco, restrict tobacco advertising, and reduce illegal sales to minors. (CDC, 2014)
8. 8. Monitoring Program Outcomes There are three main types of Healthy People 2020 objectives: Measurable, Developmental and Informational Methodology for data collection National censuses Nationally representative sample surveys Representative Samples Data Sources: National Health Interview Surveys (NHIS) Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System (YRBSS) Healthy People2020 data was last updated December 2014 (Healthypeople.gov)
9. 9. Desired Change? Objectives Reviewed: Reduce tobacco use by adults Reduce tobacco by adolescents Reduce the initiation of tobacco among children, adolescents, and young adults Increase smoking cessation attempts by adult smokers Increase recent smoking cessation success by adult smokers Increase tobacco screening in health care settings Increase tobacco cessation counseling in health care settings Reduce the portion of nonsmokers exposed to secondhand smoke Establish laws on smoke-free indoor air that prohibit smoking in public places and worksites Increase tobacco-free environments in schools and at school events (US Department of Health and Human Services, 2015)
10. 10. Desired Change? Objectives Reviewed: Increase the number of smoke-free homes Eliminate State laws that preempt stronger local tobacco control laws Increase the Federal and State tax on tobacco products Reduce the proportion of adolescents and young adults in grades 6 through 12 who are exposed to tobacco marketing Reduce illegal sales to minors through enforcement of laws prohibiting the sale of tobacco products to minors Increase the number of sustainable and comprehensive evidence-based tobacco control programs Increase the number of States requiring high-tech tax stamps on all tobacco products (US Department of Health and Human Services, 2015)
11. 11. Sustainability Healthy People 2020 Healthy people 2020 is based on the accomplishments of four previous Healthy People initiatives:1979, 1990, 2000, and 2010. Healthy People 2020 is the result of a multiyear process that reflects input from a diverse group of individuals and organizations. For three decades, Healthy People has established benchmarks and monitored progress over time in order to: encourage collaborations across communities and sectors, empower individuals toward making informed health decisions, and measure the impact of preventable activities. Healthy People 2020 continues in this tradition with the launch on December 2, 2010 of its ambitious, yet achievable ten year agenda for improving the Nations health. (US Department of Health and Human Services, 2015)
12. 12. Sustainability Decrease Desired Cigarette smoking, adults, 19652012 SOURCE: National Health Interview Survey (NHIS), CDC/NCHS.
13. 13. Accountability in Program Evaluation Funding Accountability Establishes accountability requiring all PHS grants to demonstrate support of Healthy People objectives (Tebo, 2011). Government Performing and Results Act (GPRA) reporting, annual report with matrix ( M. Davis, personal communication July 16, 2015). Maintain fiscal records by state and federal law
14. 14. Accountability in Program Evaluation Revising Program Interventions Data is reviewed and updated Outcomes assessed Several goals for Tobacco Use have been revised and new initiatives have been added to meet Healthy People 2020 objectives.
15. 15. Accountability in Program Evaluation Providing Information Reports submitted to government agencies regarding progress of objectives and goals. Findings related to objective tracking made available on Healthy People 2020 website. Unintended Effects Evaluations may uncover unintended effects No unintended effects for Tobacco use
16. 16. Accountability in Program Evaluations Accreditation Presently accreditation is voluntary thru Public Health agencies: The Public Health infrastructure is key to Healthy People 2020 and supports its goals (HHS, 2015). Important for standardizing services and improving performance. This program will highlight agencies commitment to service and quality, and provide a standard toward which all public health agencies can work (HHS, 2015).
17. 17. Tobacco Health
18. 18. References American Lung Association (2015). General smoking facts. Retrieved July 13, 2015 from http://www.lung.org/stop-smoking/about-smoking/ American Lung Association (2011). Trends in tobacco use. Retrieved July 14, 2015 from http://www.lung.org/finding-cures/our- research/trend-reports/Tobacco-Trend-Report.pdf Brundtland, G. Quit smoking quotes. Retrieved July 13, 2015 from http://www.doonething.org/quotes/smoking-quotes.htm Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) (2014). Smoking and Tobacco Use. Retrieved July 14, 2015 from http://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/basic_information/healthy_people/goals/index.ht m Rost, B. (2009) Soup mines. Retrieved July 13, 2015 from http://www.nkayesel.com/2012/09/18/smoking-saves-lives/
19. 19. References Tebo, G. (2011). Healthy People 2020: preparing for a new decade. Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, HHS. Retrieved July 16, 2015 from http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:Ki6Ob6Y- ElsJ:www.hrsa.gov/advisorycommittees/shortage/meetings/20110118/meetingmaterials/hlthppl20.ppt+& cd=3&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us&client=safari U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) (2010). Healthy People2020 brochure. Retrieved July 14, 2015 from https://www.healthypeople.gov/sites/default/files/HP2020_brochure_with_LHI_508_FNL.pdf U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HSS) (2015). Healthy People 2020: About the data. Retrieved July 15, 2015 from http://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/data-search/About-the-Data U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) (2015). Healthy People 2020: Tobacco Use. Retrieved July 15, 2015 from https://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/topics-objectives/topic/tobacco- use/objectives