TOBACCO and CANNABIS - New Jersey Medical...

60
Petros Levounis, MD, MA Chair Department of Psychiatry Rutgers – New Jersey Medical School Rutgers – New Jersey Medical School Fundamentals of Addiction Medicine Summer Series Newark, NJ – August 7, 2013 TOBACCO and CANNABIS

Transcript of TOBACCO and CANNABIS - New Jersey Medical...

Petros Levounis MD MA Chair

Department of Psychiatry Rutgers ndash New Jersey Medical School

Rutgers ndash New Jersey Medical School Fundamentals of Addiction Medicine Summer Series

Newark NJ ndash August 7 2013

TOBACCO and CANNABIS

2

1 Tobacco Basics 2 Tobacco Treatments 3 Cannabis Basics 4 Cannabis Treatments 5 Cannabis Special Topics 6 Conclusions

Outline

2

1 Tobacco Basics

3

Wikipediaorg

The Molecular Structure

4 4

Benowitz Med Clin N Am 1992

The Nicotine Cycle

5

Serotonin

GABA

Acetylcholine

β-Endorphins

Glutamate

Norepinephrine

Dopamine

Mood Elevation (appetite)

Anxiety Relief

Arousal and Cognition

Reduction of Tension

Learning and Memory

Arousal ( appetite)

Pleasure ( appetite)

Benowitz N Engl J Med 2010

Intoxication

6

Serotonin

GABA

Acetylcholine

β-Endorphins

Glutamate

Norepinephrine

Dopamine

Depressed Mood

Anxiety

Insomnia

Irritability

Difficulty Concentrating

Decreased Heart Rate

Appetite (and Cravings)

Withdrawal

7

Benowitz N Engl J Med 2010

Carbon monoxide Hydrogen cyanide Ammonia Benzene Formaldehyde

Nicotine Nitrosamines Lead Cadmium Polonium-210

An estimated 4800 compounds in tobacco smoke including 11 proven human carcinogens

Gases Particles

Nicotine is the addictive component of tobacco products but it does NOT cause the ill health effects of tobacco use

Compounds in Tobacco Smoke

8

Slide courtesy of Judith J Prochaska PhD MPH - University of California San Francisco

bull Cancers ndash Acute myeloid leukemia ndash Bladder and kidney ndash Cervical ndash Esophageal ndash Gastric ndash Laryngeal ndash Lung ndash Oral cavity and pharyngeal ndash Pancreatic

bull Pulmonary diseases ndash Acute (eg pneumonia) ndash Chronic (eg COPD)

bull Cardiovascular diseases ndash Abdominal aortic aneurysm ndash Coronary heart disease ndash Cerebrovascular disease ndash Peripheral arterial disease

bull Reproductive effects ndash Reduced fertility in women ndash Poor pregnancy outcomes

(eg low birth weight preterm delivery)

ndash Infant mortality

bull Other effects cataract osteoporosis periodontitis poor surgical outcomes

Health Consequences

9

Slide courtesy of Judith J Prochaska PhD MPH - University of California San Francisco

Lung cilia regain normal function Ability to clear lungs of mucus increases Coughing fatigue shortness of breath decrease

Excess risk of CHD decreases to half that of a

continuing smoker Risk of stroke is reduced to that of people who have never smoked

Lung cancer death rate drops to half that of a

continuing smoker Risk of cancer of mouth

throat esophagus bladder kidney pancreas

decrease

Risk of CHD is similar to that of people who have never smoked

2 weeks to

3 months 1 to 9

months

1 year

5 years

10 years

after 15 years

Time Since Quit Date

Circulation improves walking becomes easier Lung function increases

up to 30

Quitting Health Benefits

10

Slide courtesy of Judith J Prochaska PhD MPH - University of California San Francisco

Caffeine Clozapine

Olanzapine Haloperidol

Chlorpromazine Fluvoxamine

Tacrine Theophyline

Drugs that may have a decreased effect due to induction of CYP1A2 by tobacco smoke

Smoking cessation may reverse the effect

Drug Interactions 1

11

Slide courtesy of Judith J Prochaska PhD MPH - University of California San Francisco

Drug Interactions 2

Smokers who use oral combined contraceptives (estrogen and progestin) have an increased risk of serious cardiovascular adverse effects including

Stroke Myocardial infarction Thromboembolism

Experts do not recommend oral contraceptives for women who are

Over 35 and Heavy (gt15 cigarettes per day) smokers

12

Slide courtesy of Judith J Prochaska PhD MPH - University of California San Francisco

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

AIDS Obesity Alcohol Motor Homicide Drug Suicide Smoking Vehicle Induced

Individuals with mental illness or substance use

disorders

Causes of Annual Deaths in the US

13 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention NHIS 2007 slide courtesy of Judith J Prochaska PhD MPH - University of California San Francisco

Laser National Comorbidity Survey 1991-1992 JAMA 2000 slide courtesy of Judith J Prochaska PhD ndash UCSF

225

348

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

None History

Panic Disorder

PTSD

GAD

Dysthymia

Major Depression

Bipolar Disorder

Nonaffect Psychosis

ASPD

Alcohol AbuseDep

Drug abusedep

410 Overall

Active

Psychiatric History

14

2 Tobacco Treatments

15

1 Physician advice

2 Individual counseling

3 Telephone counseling

4 Group programs

5 Aversion therapy

6 Hypnotherapy

7 NRT bupropion varenicline nortriptyline clonidine

Evidence-Based Practices

16

1 SSRIs and SNRI

2 Anxiolytics benzodiazepines buspirone

3 Homeopathic treatments

4 Herbal supplements

5 Massage Therapy

6 Acupuncture

7 Nicotine Anonymous

Practices Lacking Evidence-Base

17

0

10

20

30

No clinician Self-helpmaterial

Nonphysicianclinician

Physicianclinician

Type of Clinician

Est

ima

ted

ab

stin

en

ce a

t 5

+ m

on

ths

10 11 17

22 n = 29 studies

Fiore Treating Tobacco Use and Dependence 2008 Update Clinical Practice Guideline 2008 slide courtesy of Judith J Prochaska PhD MPH - University of California San Francisco

Compared to patients who receive no assistance from a clinician patients who receive assistance are 17ndash22 times as likely to quit successfully for 5 or more months

Clinician Interventions

18

Nicotine Replacement

Therapy 19

1 Patients with underlying CVD Recent MI (within past 2 weeks) Serious arrhythmias Serious or worsening angina

2 Patients under 18 years of age

3 Pregnant women

General Precautions

20

1 Patch provides consistent nicotine levels

2 Patch is easy to use and conceal

3 Gumlozengeinhalerspray can titrate therapy to manage withdrawal and may satisfy oral cravings

4 Inhaler mimics hand-to-mouth ritual of smoking

5 Spray is most rapidly absorbed form of nicotine replacement

Advantages

21

1 Allergic reactions to patch adhesive

2 Vivid or disturbing dreams with nocturnal patch use

3 Gum may be socially unacceptable and difficult to use with dentures

4 Patients with underlying bronchospastic disease must use inhaler with caution

5 Spray may be addictive and patients must wait 5 min before driving

Disadvantages

22

Park between cheek amp gum

Stop chewing at first sign of peppery taste or tingling sensation

Chew slowly

Chew again when peppery taste or tingle fades

Do not eat or drink 15 min before or

after use

Gum Chewing Technique

23

Slide courtesy of Judith J Prochaska PhD MPH - University of California San Francisco

Bupropion

24

1 Easy to use

2 Can be used with NRT or varenicline

3 May delay cessation-related weight gain

4 May be beneficial in patients with coexisting depression

Advantages

25

1 Common side effects Dry mouth

Anxiety

Insomnia (avoid bedtime dosing)

2 Should be avoided in patients with an increased risk for seizures

Disadvantages

26

Varenicline

27

1 Oral formulation with twice-a-day dosing

2 Offers a new mechanism of action for persons who previously failed using other medications

3 Early industry-sponsored trials suggest this agent is superior to bupropion SR

Advantages

28

1 Common side effects Nausea (in up to 33 of patients)

Sleep disturbances (insomnia abnormal dreams)

Constipation

Flatulence

Vomiting

2 Psychiatric Risks

3 Cardiovascular Risks

Disadvantages

29

ldquoStimulated Reportingrdquo

Gunnell BMJ 2009

30

Data adapted from Silagy et al (2004) Cochrane Database Syst Rev Hughes et al (2004) Cochrane Database Syst Rev Gonzales et al (2006) JAMA and Jorenby et al (2006) JAMA

195

146

115

86

164

88

239

118

171

91

200

102 94

225

gt 6 Month Quit Rates

31

32

Long WSJ May 3 2011 LeSage American Association of Pharmaceutical Scientists Journal 2006

NicVax 2006

33

NicVax 2013

Genetic Engineering amp Biotechnology News July 19 2011 Hartmann-Boyce Cochrane Database Sys Rev 2012

3 Cannabis Basics

34

35

StreetDrugscom 35

Enwikipediaorg 35

ldquoWhy drink and drive when you can smoke and flyrdquo

ldquoIf we all had a bong wersquod all get alongrdquo

36

bull Mild euphoria and relaxation bull The giggles bull Increased sensitivity to external stimuli Colors seem brighter Smells are more pungent

bull Distortion of time perception

Pleasurable Effects

37

The Molecular Structure

ApiFreebasecom 38

bull THC activates the CB1 and CB2 cannabinoid receptors CB1 has high density in cerebellum basal

ganglia hippocampus cerebral cortex CB1 has low density in the brainstem hence low

risk of respiratory depression CB2 is found in spleen hematopoietic cell lines

mast cells

bull Anandamide is the endogenous ligand

The Cannabinoid System

39

Routes of Administration

bull Smoked marijuana Reaches the brain in minutes Effects last 1 - 3 hours Delivers a lot of THC into the bloodstream

bull Eating or drinking marijuana Takes frac12 - 1 hour to have an effect Effects last up to 4 hours Delivers significantly less THC into the bloodstream

40

Biphasic Distribution

Heather British Journal of Psychiatry 2001

41

41

bull Casual use Up to 10 days in urine 50 positive in hair samples

bull Heavy use Up to 30 days in urine 85 positive in hair samples

bull Weight loss gives serial UTox spike bull Dronabinol gives positive test bull Passive inhalation gives negative test

Toxicology Testing

42

Cannabis Potency

NSDUH TEDS National Seizure System

43

If drunk ndash you run the RED lights If stoned ndash you stop at the GREEN lights

Cannabis Intoxication

44

bull Irritability and restlessness bull Aggression bull Insomnia bull Appetite decrease bull Withdrawal syndrome is not As painful as heroin withdrawal As dangerous as alcohol withdrawal or As long-lasting as cocaine withdrawal

bull No indication for treatment

Cannabis Withdrawal

45

Neurocognitive Decline ndash 8 IQ points

Meier PNAS 2012

46

46

Tobacco 32

Heroin 23

Cocaine 17

Alcohol 15

Sedatives 9

Cannabis 9

Addictive Potential

47

Anthony Exp Clin Psychopharmacol 1994

4 Cannabis Treatments

48

49

V CBT CBT + V

V CBT CBT + V

Wee

ks of

Con

tinuo

us A

bstin

ence

3 Month Abstinence Rate

69

35 (a)

53 17 20

43 (bc)

(a) V vs CBT comparison p lt 05 (b) CBT+V vs CBT comparison p lt 05 (c) CBT+V vs V comparison p lt 05

Vouchers and CBT

Budney J Consult Clinical Psychology 2006 slide courtesy of Dr Frances Levin

50

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 0

01

02

03

04

05

06

07

08

09

1

Ret

entio

n Pr

obab

ility

Log Rank Wilcoxon P= 00249 Time to drop

Placebo

Marinol

Week

Dronabinol

Levin Drug Alcohol Depend 2011 slide courtesy of Dr Frances Levin

5 Cannabis

Special Topics 51

The Schizophrenia-Marijuana Link

Caspi Biol Psychiatry 2005

52

Adolescence

MonitoringTheFutureorg

53

bull Therapeutic potential for Pain (cancer multiple sclerosis) Nausea (cancer) Loss of appetite (HIVAIDS) Increased occular pressure (glaucoma)

bull Savitex reg (available only in UK and Canada) is a mouth spray Plant-derived THC ndash 50 Cannabidiol ndash 50

Medical Marijuana

54

55 55

Enwikipediaorg

Synthetic Cannabinoids

Enwikipediaorg 56

Cannabidiol

57

Morgan British Journal of Psychiatry 2008

6 Summary

58

1 Smoking rates are 40 to 70 among those with mental illness 2 to 3 times that of the general population

2 Marijuana is addictive but not as addictive as tobacco heroin cocaine or alcohol

3 Psychotherapy works well for both tobacco and cannabis addiction

4 Pharmacotherapy is proven to be effective for addiction to tobacco but not cannabis

59

Thank you

60

  • TOBACCO and CANNABIS
  • Slide Number 2
  • Slide Number 3
  • Slide Number 4
  • Slide Number 5
  • Slide Number 6
  • Slide Number 7
  • Slide Number 8
  • Slide Number 9
  • Slide Number 10
  • Slide Number 11
  • Slide Number 12
  • Slide Number 13
  • Slide Number 14
  • Slide Number 15
  • Slide Number 16
  • Slide Number 17
  • Slide Number 18
  • Slide Number 19
  • Slide Number 20
  • Slide Number 21
  • Slide Number 22
  • Slide Number 23
  • Slide Number 24
  • Slide Number 25
  • Slide Number 26
  • Slide Number 27
  • Slide Number 28
  • Slide Number 29
  • Slide Number 30
  • Slide Number 31
  • Slide Number 32
  • Slide Number 33
  • Slide Number 34
  • Slide Number 35
  • Slide Number 36
  • Pleasurable Effects
  • Slide Number 38
  • The Cannabinoid System
  • Slide Number 40
  • Biphasic Distribution
  • Toxicology Testing
  • Slide Number 43
  • Cannabis Intoxication
  • Cannabis Withdrawal
  • Neurocognitive Decline ndash 8 IQ points
  • Addictive Potential
  • Slide Number 48
  • Vouchers and CBT
  • Dronabinol
  • Slide Number 51
  • The Schizophrenia-Marijuana Link
  • Adolescence
  • Medical Marijuana
  • Slide Number 55
  • Slide Number 56
  • Cannabidiol
  • Slide Number 58
  • Slide Number 59
  • Thank you

2

1 Tobacco Basics 2 Tobacco Treatments 3 Cannabis Basics 4 Cannabis Treatments 5 Cannabis Special Topics 6 Conclusions

Outline

2

1 Tobacco Basics

3

Wikipediaorg

The Molecular Structure

4 4

Benowitz Med Clin N Am 1992

The Nicotine Cycle

5

Serotonin

GABA

Acetylcholine

β-Endorphins

Glutamate

Norepinephrine

Dopamine

Mood Elevation (appetite)

Anxiety Relief

Arousal and Cognition

Reduction of Tension

Learning and Memory

Arousal ( appetite)

Pleasure ( appetite)

Benowitz N Engl J Med 2010

Intoxication

6

Serotonin

GABA

Acetylcholine

β-Endorphins

Glutamate

Norepinephrine

Dopamine

Depressed Mood

Anxiety

Insomnia

Irritability

Difficulty Concentrating

Decreased Heart Rate

Appetite (and Cravings)

Withdrawal

7

Benowitz N Engl J Med 2010

Carbon monoxide Hydrogen cyanide Ammonia Benzene Formaldehyde

Nicotine Nitrosamines Lead Cadmium Polonium-210

An estimated 4800 compounds in tobacco smoke including 11 proven human carcinogens

Gases Particles

Nicotine is the addictive component of tobacco products but it does NOT cause the ill health effects of tobacco use

Compounds in Tobacco Smoke

8

Slide courtesy of Judith J Prochaska PhD MPH - University of California San Francisco

bull Cancers ndash Acute myeloid leukemia ndash Bladder and kidney ndash Cervical ndash Esophageal ndash Gastric ndash Laryngeal ndash Lung ndash Oral cavity and pharyngeal ndash Pancreatic

bull Pulmonary diseases ndash Acute (eg pneumonia) ndash Chronic (eg COPD)

bull Cardiovascular diseases ndash Abdominal aortic aneurysm ndash Coronary heart disease ndash Cerebrovascular disease ndash Peripheral arterial disease

bull Reproductive effects ndash Reduced fertility in women ndash Poor pregnancy outcomes

(eg low birth weight preterm delivery)

ndash Infant mortality

bull Other effects cataract osteoporosis periodontitis poor surgical outcomes

Health Consequences

9

Slide courtesy of Judith J Prochaska PhD MPH - University of California San Francisco

Lung cilia regain normal function Ability to clear lungs of mucus increases Coughing fatigue shortness of breath decrease

Excess risk of CHD decreases to half that of a

continuing smoker Risk of stroke is reduced to that of people who have never smoked

Lung cancer death rate drops to half that of a

continuing smoker Risk of cancer of mouth

throat esophagus bladder kidney pancreas

decrease

Risk of CHD is similar to that of people who have never smoked

2 weeks to

3 months 1 to 9

months

1 year

5 years

10 years

after 15 years

Time Since Quit Date

Circulation improves walking becomes easier Lung function increases

up to 30

Quitting Health Benefits

10

Slide courtesy of Judith J Prochaska PhD MPH - University of California San Francisco

Caffeine Clozapine

Olanzapine Haloperidol

Chlorpromazine Fluvoxamine

Tacrine Theophyline

Drugs that may have a decreased effect due to induction of CYP1A2 by tobacco smoke

Smoking cessation may reverse the effect

Drug Interactions 1

11

Slide courtesy of Judith J Prochaska PhD MPH - University of California San Francisco

Drug Interactions 2

Smokers who use oral combined contraceptives (estrogen and progestin) have an increased risk of serious cardiovascular adverse effects including

Stroke Myocardial infarction Thromboembolism

Experts do not recommend oral contraceptives for women who are

Over 35 and Heavy (gt15 cigarettes per day) smokers

12

Slide courtesy of Judith J Prochaska PhD MPH - University of California San Francisco

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

AIDS Obesity Alcohol Motor Homicide Drug Suicide Smoking Vehicle Induced

Individuals with mental illness or substance use

disorders

Causes of Annual Deaths in the US

13 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention NHIS 2007 slide courtesy of Judith J Prochaska PhD MPH - University of California San Francisco

Laser National Comorbidity Survey 1991-1992 JAMA 2000 slide courtesy of Judith J Prochaska PhD ndash UCSF

225

348

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

None History

Panic Disorder

PTSD

GAD

Dysthymia

Major Depression

Bipolar Disorder

Nonaffect Psychosis

ASPD

Alcohol AbuseDep

Drug abusedep

410 Overall

Active

Psychiatric History

14

2 Tobacco Treatments

15

1 Physician advice

2 Individual counseling

3 Telephone counseling

4 Group programs

5 Aversion therapy

6 Hypnotherapy

7 NRT bupropion varenicline nortriptyline clonidine

Evidence-Based Practices

16

1 SSRIs and SNRI

2 Anxiolytics benzodiazepines buspirone

3 Homeopathic treatments

4 Herbal supplements

5 Massage Therapy

6 Acupuncture

7 Nicotine Anonymous

Practices Lacking Evidence-Base

17

0

10

20

30

No clinician Self-helpmaterial

Nonphysicianclinician

Physicianclinician

Type of Clinician

Est

ima

ted

ab

stin

en

ce a

t 5

+ m

on

ths

10 11 17

22 n = 29 studies

Fiore Treating Tobacco Use and Dependence 2008 Update Clinical Practice Guideline 2008 slide courtesy of Judith J Prochaska PhD MPH - University of California San Francisco

Compared to patients who receive no assistance from a clinician patients who receive assistance are 17ndash22 times as likely to quit successfully for 5 or more months

Clinician Interventions

18

Nicotine Replacement

Therapy 19

1 Patients with underlying CVD Recent MI (within past 2 weeks) Serious arrhythmias Serious or worsening angina

2 Patients under 18 years of age

3 Pregnant women

General Precautions

20

1 Patch provides consistent nicotine levels

2 Patch is easy to use and conceal

3 Gumlozengeinhalerspray can titrate therapy to manage withdrawal and may satisfy oral cravings

4 Inhaler mimics hand-to-mouth ritual of smoking

5 Spray is most rapidly absorbed form of nicotine replacement

Advantages

21

1 Allergic reactions to patch adhesive

2 Vivid or disturbing dreams with nocturnal patch use

3 Gum may be socially unacceptable and difficult to use with dentures

4 Patients with underlying bronchospastic disease must use inhaler with caution

5 Spray may be addictive and patients must wait 5 min before driving

Disadvantages

22

Park between cheek amp gum

Stop chewing at first sign of peppery taste or tingling sensation

Chew slowly

Chew again when peppery taste or tingle fades

Do not eat or drink 15 min before or

after use

Gum Chewing Technique

23

Slide courtesy of Judith J Prochaska PhD MPH - University of California San Francisco

Bupropion

24

1 Easy to use

2 Can be used with NRT or varenicline

3 May delay cessation-related weight gain

4 May be beneficial in patients with coexisting depression

Advantages

25

1 Common side effects Dry mouth

Anxiety

Insomnia (avoid bedtime dosing)

2 Should be avoided in patients with an increased risk for seizures

Disadvantages

26

Varenicline

27

1 Oral formulation with twice-a-day dosing

2 Offers a new mechanism of action for persons who previously failed using other medications

3 Early industry-sponsored trials suggest this agent is superior to bupropion SR

Advantages

28

1 Common side effects Nausea (in up to 33 of patients)

Sleep disturbances (insomnia abnormal dreams)

Constipation

Flatulence

Vomiting

2 Psychiatric Risks

3 Cardiovascular Risks

Disadvantages

29

ldquoStimulated Reportingrdquo

Gunnell BMJ 2009

30

Data adapted from Silagy et al (2004) Cochrane Database Syst Rev Hughes et al (2004) Cochrane Database Syst Rev Gonzales et al (2006) JAMA and Jorenby et al (2006) JAMA

195

146

115

86

164

88

239

118

171

91

200

102 94

225

gt 6 Month Quit Rates

31

32

Long WSJ May 3 2011 LeSage American Association of Pharmaceutical Scientists Journal 2006

NicVax 2006

33

NicVax 2013

Genetic Engineering amp Biotechnology News July 19 2011 Hartmann-Boyce Cochrane Database Sys Rev 2012

3 Cannabis Basics

34

35

StreetDrugscom 35

Enwikipediaorg 35

ldquoWhy drink and drive when you can smoke and flyrdquo

ldquoIf we all had a bong wersquod all get alongrdquo

36

bull Mild euphoria and relaxation bull The giggles bull Increased sensitivity to external stimuli Colors seem brighter Smells are more pungent

bull Distortion of time perception

Pleasurable Effects

37

The Molecular Structure

ApiFreebasecom 38

bull THC activates the CB1 and CB2 cannabinoid receptors CB1 has high density in cerebellum basal

ganglia hippocampus cerebral cortex CB1 has low density in the brainstem hence low

risk of respiratory depression CB2 is found in spleen hematopoietic cell lines

mast cells

bull Anandamide is the endogenous ligand

The Cannabinoid System

39

Routes of Administration

bull Smoked marijuana Reaches the brain in minutes Effects last 1 - 3 hours Delivers a lot of THC into the bloodstream

bull Eating or drinking marijuana Takes frac12 - 1 hour to have an effect Effects last up to 4 hours Delivers significantly less THC into the bloodstream

40

Biphasic Distribution

Heather British Journal of Psychiatry 2001

41

41

bull Casual use Up to 10 days in urine 50 positive in hair samples

bull Heavy use Up to 30 days in urine 85 positive in hair samples

bull Weight loss gives serial UTox spike bull Dronabinol gives positive test bull Passive inhalation gives negative test

Toxicology Testing

42

Cannabis Potency

NSDUH TEDS National Seizure System

43

If drunk ndash you run the RED lights If stoned ndash you stop at the GREEN lights

Cannabis Intoxication

44

bull Irritability and restlessness bull Aggression bull Insomnia bull Appetite decrease bull Withdrawal syndrome is not As painful as heroin withdrawal As dangerous as alcohol withdrawal or As long-lasting as cocaine withdrawal

bull No indication for treatment

Cannabis Withdrawal

45

Neurocognitive Decline ndash 8 IQ points

Meier PNAS 2012

46

46

Tobacco 32

Heroin 23

Cocaine 17

Alcohol 15

Sedatives 9

Cannabis 9

Addictive Potential

47

Anthony Exp Clin Psychopharmacol 1994

4 Cannabis Treatments

48

49

V CBT CBT + V

V CBT CBT + V

Wee

ks of

Con

tinuo

us A

bstin

ence

3 Month Abstinence Rate

69

35 (a)

53 17 20

43 (bc)

(a) V vs CBT comparison p lt 05 (b) CBT+V vs CBT comparison p lt 05 (c) CBT+V vs V comparison p lt 05

Vouchers and CBT

Budney J Consult Clinical Psychology 2006 slide courtesy of Dr Frances Levin

50

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 0

01

02

03

04

05

06

07

08

09

1

Ret

entio

n Pr

obab

ility

Log Rank Wilcoxon P= 00249 Time to drop

Placebo

Marinol

Week

Dronabinol

Levin Drug Alcohol Depend 2011 slide courtesy of Dr Frances Levin

5 Cannabis

Special Topics 51

The Schizophrenia-Marijuana Link

Caspi Biol Psychiatry 2005

52

Adolescence

MonitoringTheFutureorg

53

bull Therapeutic potential for Pain (cancer multiple sclerosis) Nausea (cancer) Loss of appetite (HIVAIDS) Increased occular pressure (glaucoma)

bull Savitex reg (available only in UK and Canada) is a mouth spray Plant-derived THC ndash 50 Cannabidiol ndash 50

Medical Marijuana

54

55 55

Enwikipediaorg

Synthetic Cannabinoids

Enwikipediaorg 56

Cannabidiol

57

Morgan British Journal of Psychiatry 2008

6 Summary

58

1 Smoking rates are 40 to 70 among those with mental illness 2 to 3 times that of the general population

2 Marijuana is addictive but not as addictive as tobacco heroin cocaine or alcohol

3 Psychotherapy works well for both tobacco and cannabis addiction

4 Pharmacotherapy is proven to be effective for addiction to tobacco but not cannabis

59

Thank you

60

  • TOBACCO and CANNABIS
  • Slide Number 2
  • Slide Number 3
  • Slide Number 4
  • Slide Number 5
  • Slide Number 6
  • Slide Number 7
  • Slide Number 8
  • Slide Number 9
  • Slide Number 10
  • Slide Number 11
  • Slide Number 12
  • Slide Number 13
  • Slide Number 14
  • Slide Number 15
  • Slide Number 16
  • Slide Number 17
  • Slide Number 18
  • Slide Number 19
  • Slide Number 20
  • Slide Number 21
  • Slide Number 22
  • Slide Number 23
  • Slide Number 24
  • Slide Number 25
  • Slide Number 26
  • Slide Number 27
  • Slide Number 28
  • Slide Number 29
  • Slide Number 30
  • Slide Number 31
  • Slide Number 32
  • Slide Number 33
  • Slide Number 34
  • Slide Number 35
  • Slide Number 36
  • Pleasurable Effects
  • Slide Number 38
  • The Cannabinoid System
  • Slide Number 40
  • Biphasic Distribution
  • Toxicology Testing
  • Slide Number 43
  • Cannabis Intoxication
  • Cannabis Withdrawal
  • Neurocognitive Decline ndash 8 IQ points
  • Addictive Potential
  • Slide Number 48
  • Vouchers and CBT
  • Dronabinol
  • Slide Number 51
  • The Schizophrenia-Marijuana Link
  • Adolescence
  • Medical Marijuana
  • Slide Number 55
  • Slide Number 56
  • Cannabidiol
  • Slide Number 58
  • Slide Number 59
  • Thank you

1 Tobacco Basics

3

Wikipediaorg

The Molecular Structure

4 4

Benowitz Med Clin N Am 1992

The Nicotine Cycle

5

Serotonin

GABA

Acetylcholine

β-Endorphins

Glutamate

Norepinephrine

Dopamine

Mood Elevation (appetite)

Anxiety Relief

Arousal and Cognition

Reduction of Tension

Learning and Memory

Arousal ( appetite)

Pleasure ( appetite)

Benowitz N Engl J Med 2010

Intoxication

6

Serotonin

GABA

Acetylcholine

β-Endorphins

Glutamate

Norepinephrine

Dopamine

Depressed Mood

Anxiety

Insomnia

Irritability

Difficulty Concentrating

Decreased Heart Rate

Appetite (and Cravings)

Withdrawal

7

Benowitz N Engl J Med 2010

Carbon monoxide Hydrogen cyanide Ammonia Benzene Formaldehyde

Nicotine Nitrosamines Lead Cadmium Polonium-210

An estimated 4800 compounds in tobacco smoke including 11 proven human carcinogens

Gases Particles

Nicotine is the addictive component of tobacco products but it does NOT cause the ill health effects of tobacco use

Compounds in Tobacco Smoke

8

Slide courtesy of Judith J Prochaska PhD MPH - University of California San Francisco

bull Cancers ndash Acute myeloid leukemia ndash Bladder and kidney ndash Cervical ndash Esophageal ndash Gastric ndash Laryngeal ndash Lung ndash Oral cavity and pharyngeal ndash Pancreatic

bull Pulmonary diseases ndash Acute (eg pneumonia) ndash Chronic (eg COPD)

bull Cardiovascular diseases ndash Abdominal aortic aneurysm ndash Coronary heart disease ndash Cerebrovascular disease ndash Peripheral arterial disease

bull Reproductive effects ndash Reduced fertility in women ndash Poor pregnancy outcomes

(eg low birth weight preterm delivery)

ndash Infant mortality

bull Other effects cataract osteoporosis periodontitis poor surgical outcomes

Health Consequences

9

Slide courtesy of Judith J Prochaska PhD MPH - University of California San Francisco

Lung cilia regain normal function Ability to clear lungs of mucus increases Coughing fatigue shortness of breath decrease

Excess risk of CHD decreases to half that of a

continuing smoker Risk of stroke is reduced to that of people who have never smoked

Lung cancer death rate drops to half that of a

continuing smoker Risk of cancer of mouth

throat esophagus bladder kidney pancreas

decrease

Risk of CHD is similar to that of people who have never smoked

2 weeks to

3 months 1 to 9

months

1 year

5 years

10 years

after 15 years

Time Since Quit Date

Circulation improves walking becomes easier Lung function increases

up to 30

Quitting Health Benefits

10

Slide courtesy of Judith J Prochaska PhD MPH - University of California San Francisco

Caffeine Clozapine

Olanzapine Haloperidol

Chlorpromazine Fluvoxamine

Tacrine Theophyline

Drugs that may have a decreased effect due to induction of CYP1A2 by tobacco smoke

Smoking cessation may reverse the effect

Drug Interactions 1

11

Slide courtesy of Judith J Prochaska PhD MPH - University of California San Francisco

Drug Interactions 2

Smokers who use oral combined contraceptives (estrogen and progestin) have an increased risk of serious cardiovascular adverse effects including

Stroke Myocardial infarction Thromboembolism

Experts do not recommend oral contraceptives for women who are

Over 35 and Heavy (gt15 cigarettes per day) smokers

12

Slide courtesy of Judith J Prochaska PhD MPH - University of California San Francisco

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

AIDS Obesity Alcohol Motor Homicide Drug Suicide Smoking Vehicle Induced

Individuals with mental illness or substance use

disorders

Causes of Annual Deaths in the US

13 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention NHIS 2007 slide courtesy of Judith J Prochaska PhD MPH - University of California San Francisco

Laser National Comorbidity Survey 1991-1992 JAMA 2000 slide courtesy of Judith J Prochaska PhD ndash UCSF

225

348

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

None History

Panic Disorder

PTSD

GAD

Dysthymia

Major Depression

Bipolar Disorder

Nonaffect Psychosis

ASPD

Alcohol AbuseDep

Drug abusedep

410 Overall

Active

Psychiatric History

14

2 Tobacco Treatments

15

1 Physician advice

2 Individual counseling

3 Telephone counseling

4 Group programs

5 Aversion therapy

6 Hypnotherapy

7 NRT bupropion varenicline nortriptyline clonidine

Evidence-Based Practices

16

1 SSRIs and SNRI

2 Anxiolytics benzodiazepines buspirone

3 Homeopathic treatments

4 Herbal supplements

5 Massage Therapy

6 Acupuncture

7 Nicotine Anonymous

Practices Lacking Evidence-Base

17

0

10

20

30

No clinician Self-helpmaterial

Nonphysicianclinician

Physicianclinician

Type of Clinician

Est

ima

ted

ab

stin

en

ce a

t 5

+ m

on

ths

10 11 17

22 n = 29 studies

Fiore Treating Tobacco Use and Dependence 2008 Update Clinical Practice Guideline 2008 slide courtesy of Judith J Prochaska PhD MPH - University of California San Francisco

Compared to patients who receive no assistance from a clinician patients who receive assistance are 17ndash22 times as likely to quit successfully for 5 or more months

Clinician Interventions

18

Nicotine Replacement

Therapy 19

1 Patients with underlying CVD Recent MI (within past 2 weeks) Serious arrhythmias Serious or worsening angina

2 Patients under 18 years of age

3 Pregnant women

General Precautions

20

1 Patch provides consistent nicotine levels

2 Patch is easy to use and conceal

3 Gumlozengeinhalerspray can titrate therapy to manage withdrawal and may satisfy oral cravings

4 Inhaler mimics hand-to-mouth ritual of smoking

5 Spray is most rapidly absorbed form of nicotine replacement

Advantages

21

1 Allergic reactions to patch adhesive

2 Vivid or disturbing dreams with nocturnal patch use

3 Gum may be socially unacceptable and difficult to use with dentures

4 Patients with underlying bronchospastic disease must use inhaler with caution

5 Spray may be addictive and patients must wait 5 min before driving

Disadvantages

22

Park between cheek amp gum

Stop chewing at first sign of peppery taste or tingling sensation

Chew slowly

Chew again when peppery taste or tingle fades

Do not eat or drink 15 min before or

after use

Gum Chewing Technique

23

Slide courtesy of Judith J Prochaska PhD MPH - University of California San Francisco

Bupropion

24

1 Easy to use

2 Can be used with NRT or varenicline

3 May delay cessation-related weight gain

4 May be beneficial in patients with coexisting depression

Advantages

25

1 Common side effects Dry mouth

Anxiety

Insomnia (avoid bedtime dosing)

2 Should be avoided in patients with an increased risk for seizures

Disadvantages

26

Varenicline

27

1 Oral formulation with twice-a-day dosing

2 Offers a new mechanism of action for persons who previously failed using other medications

3 Early industry-sponsored trials suggest this agent is superior to bupropion SR

Advantages

28

1 Common side effects Nausea (in up to 33 of patients)

Sleep disturbances (insomnia abnormal dreams)

Constipation

Flatulence

Vomiting

2 Psychiatric Risks

3 Cardiovascular Risks

Disadvantages

29

ldquoStimulated Reportingrdquo

Gunnell BMJ 2009

30

Data adapted from Silagy et al (2004) Cochrane Database Syst Rev Hughes et al (2004) Cochrane Database Syst Rev Gonzales et al (2006) JAMA and Jorenby et al (2006) JAMA

195

146

115

86

164

88

239

118

171

91

200

102 94

225

gt 6 Month Quit Rates

31

32

Long WSJ May 3 2011 LeSage American Association of Pharmaceutical Scientists Journal 2006

NicVax 2006

33

NicVax 2013

Genetic Engineering amp Biotechnology News July 19 2011 Hartmann-Boyce Cochrane Database Sys Rev 2012

3 Cannabis Basics

34

35

StreetDrugscom 35

Enwikipediaorg 35

ldquoWhy drink and drive when you can smoke and flyrdquo

ldquoIf we all had a bong wersquod all get alongrdquo

36

bull Mild euphoria and relaxation bull The giggles bull Increased sensitivity to external stimuli Colors seem brighter Smells are more pungent

bull Distortion of time perception

Pleasurable Effects

37

The Molecular Structure

ApiFreebasecom 38

bull THC activates the CB1 and CB2 cannabinoid receptors CB1 has high density in cerebellum basal

ganglia hippocampus cerebral cortex CB1 has low density in the brainstem hence low

risk of respiratory depression CB2 is found in spleen hematopoietic cell lines

mast cells

bull Anandamide is the endogenous ligand

The Cannabinoid System

39

Routes of Administration

bull Smoked marijuana Reaches the brain in minutes Effects last 1 - 3 hours Delivers a lot of THC into the bloodstream

bull Eating or drinking marijuana Takes frac12 - 1 hour to have an effect Effects last up to 4 hours Delivers significantly less THC into the bloodstream

40

Biphasic Distribution

Heather British Journal of Psychiatry 2001

41

41

bull Casual use Up to 10 days in urine 50 positive in hair samples

bull Heavy use Up to 30 days in urine 85 positive in hair samples

bull Weight loss gives serial UTox spike bull Dronabinol gives positive test bull Passive inhalation gives negative test

Toxicology Testing

42

Cannabis Potency

NSDUH TEDS National Seizure System

43

If drunk ndash you run the RED lights If stoned ndash you stop at the GREEN lights

Cannabis Intoxication

44

bull Irritability and restlessness bull Aggression bull Insomnia bull Appetite decrease bull Withdrawal syndrome is not As painful as heroin withdrawal As dangerous as alcohol withdrawal or As long-lasting as cocaine withdrawal

bull No indication for treatment

Cannabis Withdrawal

45

Neurocognitive Decline ndash 8 IQ points

Meier PNAS 2012

46

46

Tobacco 32

Heroin 23

Cocaine 17

Alcohol 15

Sedatives 9

Cannabis 9

Addictive Potential

47

Anthony Exp Clin Psychopharmacol 1994

4 Cannabis Treatments

48

49

V CBT CBT + V

V CBT CBT + V

Wee

ks of

Con

tinuo

us A

bstin

ence

3 Month Abstinence Rate

69

35 (a)

53 17 20

43 (bc)

(a) V vs CBT comparison p lt 05 (b) CBT+V vs CBT comparison p lt 05 (c) CBT+V vs V comparison p lt 05

Vouchers and CBT

Budney J Consult Clinical Psychology 2006 slide courtesy of Dr Frances Levin

50

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 0

01

02

03

04

05

06

07

08

09

1

Ret

entio

n Pr

obab

ility

Log Rank Wilcoxon P= 00249 Time to drop

Placebo

Marinol

Week

Dronabinol

Levin Drug Alcohol Depend 2011 slide courtesy of Dr Frances Levin

5 Cannabis

Special Topics 51

The Schizophrenia-Marijuana Link

Caspi Biol Psychiatry 2005

52

Adolescence

MonitoringTheFutureorg

53

bull Therapeutic potential for Pain (cancer multiple sclerosis) Nausea (cancer) Loss of appetite (HIVAIDS) Increased occular pressure (glaucoma)

bull Savitex reg (available only in UK and Canada) is a mouth spray Plant-derived THC ndash 50 Cannabidiol ndash 50

Medical Marijuana

54

55 55

Enwikipediaorg

Synthetic Cannabinoids

Enwikipediaorg 56

Cannabidiol

57

Morgan British Journal of Psychiatry 2008

6 Summary

58

1 Smoking rates are 40 to 70 among those with mental illness 2 to 3 times that of the general population

2 Marijuana is addictive but not as addictive as tobacco heroin cocaine or alcohol

3 Psychotherapy works well for both tobacco and cannabis addiction

4 Pharmacotherapy is proven to be effective for addiction to tobacco but not cannabis

59

Thank you

60

  • TOBACCO and CANNABIS
  • Slide Number 2
  • Slide Number 3
  • Slide Number 4
  • Slide Number 5
  • Slide Number 6
  • Slide Number 7
  • Slide Number 8
  • Slide Number 9
  • Slide Number 10
  • Slide Number 11
  • Slide Number 12
  • Slide Number 13
  • Slide Number 14
  • Slide Number 15
  • Slide Number 16
  • Slide Number 17
  • Slide Number 18
  • Slide Number 19
  • Slide Number 20
  • Slide Number 21
  • Slide Number 22
  • Slide Number 23
  • Slide Number 24
  • Slide Number 25
  • Slide Number 26
  • Slide Number 27
  • Slide Number 28
  • Slide Number 29
  • Slide Number 30
  • Slide Number 31
  • Slide Number 32
  • Slide Number 33
  • Slide Number 34
  • Slide Number 35
  • Slide Number 36
  • Pleasurable Effects
  • Slide Number 38
  • The Cannabinoid System
  • Slide Number 40
  • Biphasic Distribution
  • Toxicology Testing
  • Slide Number 43
  • Cannabis Intoxication
  • Cannabis Withdrawal
  • Neurocognitive Decline ndash 8 IQ points
  • Addictive Potential
  • Slide Number 48
  • Vouchers and CBT
  • Dronabinol
  • Slide Number 51
  • The Schizophrenia-Marijuana Link
  • Adolescence
  • Medical Marijuana
  • Slide Number 55
  • Slide Number 56
  • Cannabidiol
  • Slide Number 58
  • Slide Number 59
  • Thank you

Wikipediaorg

The Molecular Structure

4 4

Benowitz Med Clin N Am 1992

The Nicotine Cycle

5

Serotonin

GABA

Acetylcholine

β-Endorphins

Glutamate

Norepinephrine

Dopamine

Mood Elevation (appetite)

Anxiety Relief

Arousal and Cognition

Reduction of Tension

Learning and Memory

Arousal ( appetite)

Pleasure ( appetite)

Benowitz N Engl J Med 2010

Intoxication

6

Serotonin

GABA

Acetylcholine

β-Endorphins

Glutamate

Norepinephrine

Dopamine

Depressed Mood

Anxiety

Insomnia

Irritability

Difficulty Concentrating

Decreased Heart Rate

Appetite (and Cravings)

Withdrawal

7

Benowitz N Engl J Med 2010

Carbon monoxide Hydrogen cyanide Ammonia Benzene Formaldehyde

Nicotine Nitrosamines Lead Cadmium Polonium-210

An estimated 4800 compounds in tobacco smoke including 11 proven human carcinogens

Gases Particles

Nicotine is the addictive component of tobacco products but it does NOT cause the ill health effects of tobacco use

Compounds in Tobacco Smoke

8

Slide courtesy of Judith J Prochaska PhD MPH - University of California San Francisco

bull Cancers ndash Acute myeloid leukemia ndash Bladder and kidney ndash Cervical ndash Esophageal ndash Gastric ndash Laryngeal ndash Lung ndash Oral cavity and pharyngeal ndash Pancreatic

bull Pulmonary diseases ndash Acute (eg pneumonia) ndash Chronic (eg COPD)

bull Cardiovascular diseases ndash Abdominal aortic aneurysm ndash Coronary heart disease ndash Cerebrovascular disease ndash Peripheral arterial disease

bull Reproductive effects ndash Reduced fertility in women ndash Poor pregnancy outcomes

(eg low birth weight preterm delivery)

ndash Infant mortality

bull Other effects cataract osteoporosis periodontitis poor surgical outcomes

Health Consequences

9

Slide courtesy of Judith J Prochaska PhD MPH - University of California San Francisco

Lung cilia regain normal function Ability to clear lungs of mucus increases Coughing fatigue shortness of breath decrease

Excess risk of CHD decreases to half that of a

continuing smoker Risk of stroke is reduced to that of people who have never smoked

Lung cancer death rate drops to half that of a

continuing smoker Risk of cancer of mouth

throat esophagus bladder kidney pancreas

decrease

Risk of CHD is similar to that of people who have never smoked

2 weeks to

3 months 1 to 9

months

1 year

5 years

10 years

after 15 years

Time Since Quit Date

Circulation improves walking becomes easier Lung function increases

up to 30

Quitting Health Benefits

10

Slide courtesy of Judith J Prochaska PhD MPH - University of California San Francisco

Caffeine Clozapine

Olanzapine Haloperidol

Chlorpromazine Fluvoxamine

Tacrine Theophyline

Drugs that may have a decreased effect due to induction of CYP1A2 by tobacco smoke

Smoking cessation may reverse the effect

Drug Interactions 1

11

Slide courtesy of Judith J Prochaska PhD MPH - University of California San Francisco

Drug Interactions 2

Smokers who use oral combined contraceptives (estrogen and progestin) have an increased risk of serious cardiovascular adverse effects including

Stroke Myocardial infarction Thromboembolism

Experts do not recommend oral contraceptives for women who are

Over 35 and Heavy (gt15 cigarettes per day) smokers

12

Slide courtesy of Judith J Prochaska PhD MPH - University of California San Francisco

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

AIDS Obesity Alcohol Motor Homicide Drug Suicide Smoking Vehicle Induced

Individuals with mental illness or substance use

disorders

Causes of Annual Deaths in the US

13 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention NHIS 2007 slide courtesy of Judith J Prochaska PhD MPH - University of California San Francisco

Laser National Comorbidity Survey 1991-1992 JAMA 2000 slide courtesy of Judith J Prochaska PhD ndash UCSF

225

348

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

None History

Panic Disorder

PTSD

GAD

Dysthymia

Major Depression

Bipolar Disorder

Nonaffect Psychosis

ASPD

Alcohol AbuseDep

Drug abusedep

410 Overall

Active

Psychiatric History

14

2 Tobacco Treatments

15

1 Physician advice

2 Individual counseling

3 Telephone counseling

4 Group programs

5 Aversion therapy

6 Hypnotherapy

7 NRT bupropion varenicline nortriptyline clonidine

Evidence-Based Practices

16

1 SSRIs and SNRI

2 Anxiolytics benzodiazepines buspirone

3 Homeopathic treatments

4 Herbal supplements

5 Massage Therapy

6 Acupuncture

7 Nicotine Anonymous

Practices Lacking Evidence-Base

17

0

10

20

30

No clinician Self-helpmaterial

Nonphysicianclinician

Physicianclinician

Type of Clinician

Est

ima

ted

ab

stin

en

ce a

t 5

+ m

on

ths

10 11 17

22 n = 29 studies

Fiore Treating Tobacco Use and Dependence 2008 Update Clinical Practice Guideline 2008 slide courtesy of Judith J Prochaska PhD MPH - University of California San Francisco

Compared to patients who receive no assistance from a clinician patients who receive assistance are 17ndash22 times as likely to quit successfully for 5 or more months

Clinician Interventions

18

Nicotine Replacement

Therapy 19

1 Patients with underlying CVD Recent MI (within past 2 weeks) Serious arrhythmias Serious or worsening angina

2 Patients under 18 years of age

3 Pregnant women

General Precautions

20

1 Patch provides consistent nicotine levels

2 Patch is easy to use and conceal

3 Gumlozengeinhalerspray can titrate therapy to manage withdrawal and may satisfy oral cravings

4 Inhaler mimics hand-to-mouth ritual of smoking

5 Spray is most rapidly absorbed form of nicotine replacement

Advantages

21

1 Allergic reactions to patch adhesive

2 Vivid or disturbing dreams with nocturnal patch use

3 Gum may be socially unacceptable and difficult to use with dentures

4 Patients with underlying bronchospastic disease must use inhaler with caution

5 Spray may be addictive and patients must wait 5 min before driving

Disadvantages

22

Park between cheek amp gum

Stop chewing at first sign of peppery taste or tingling sensation

Chew slowly

Chew again when peppery taste or tingle fades

Do not eat or drink 15 min before or

after use

Gum Chewing Technique

23

Slide courtesy of Judith J Prochaska PhD MPH - University of California San Francisco

Bupropion

24

1 Easy to use

2 Can be used with NRT or varenicline

3 May delay cessation-related weight gain

4 May be beneficial in patients with coexisting depression

Advantages

25

1 Common side effects Dry mouth

Anxiety

Insomnia (avoid bedtime dosing)

2 Should be avoided in patients with an increased risk for seizures

Disadvantages

26

Varenicline

27

1 Oral formulation with twice-a-day dosing

2 Offers a new mechanism of action for persons who previously failed using other medications

3 Early industry-sponsored trials suggest this agent is superior to bupropion SR

Advantages

28

1 Common side effects Nausea (in up to 33 of patients)

Sleep disturbances (insomnia abnormal dreams)

Constipation

Flatulence

Vomiting

2 Psychiatric Risks

3 Cardiovascular Risks

Disadvantages

29

ldquoStimulated Reportingrdquo

Gunnell BMJ 2009

30

Data adapted from Silagy et al (2004) Cochrane Database Syst Rev Hughes et al (2004) Cochrane Database Syst Rev Gonzales et al (2006) JAMA and Jorenby et al (2006) JAMA

195

146

115

86

164

88

239

118

171

91

200

102 94

225

gt 6 Month Quit Rates

31

32

Long WSJ May 3 2011 LeSage American Association of Pharmaceutical Scientists Journal 2006

NicVax 2006

33

NicVax 2013

Genetic Engineering amp Biotechnology News July 19 2011 Hartmann-Boyce Cochrane Database Sys Rev 2012

3 Cannabis Basics

34

35

StreetDrugscom 35

Enwikipediaorg 35

ldquoWhy drink and drive when you can smoke and flyrdquo

ldquoIf we all had a bong wersquod all get alongrdquo

36

bull Mild euphoria and relaxation bull The giggles bull Increased sensitivity to external stimuli Colors seem brighter Smells are more pungent

bull Distortion of time perception

Pleasurable Effects

37

The Molecular Structure

ApiFreebasecom 38

bull THC activates the CB1 and CB2 cannabinoid receptors CB1 has high density in cerebellum basal

ganglia hippocampus cerebral cortex CB1 has low density in the brainstem hence low

risk of respiratory depression CB2 is found in spleen hematopoietic cell lines

mast cells

bull Anandamide is the endogenous ligand

The Cannabinoid System

39

Routes of Administration

bull Smoked marijuana Reaches the brain in minutes Effects last 1 - 3 hours Delivers a lot of THC into the bloodstream

bull Eating or drinking marijuana Takes frac12 - 1 hour to have an effect Effects last up to 4 hours Delivers significantly less THC into the bloodstream

40

Biphasic Distribution

Heather British Journal of Psychiatry 2001

41

41

bull Casual use Up to 10 days in urine 50 positive in hair samples

bull Heavy use Up to 30 days in urine 85 positive in hair samples

bull Weight loss gives serial UTox spike bull Dronabinol gives positive test bull Passive inhalation gives negative test

Toxicology Testing

42

Cannabis Potency

NSDUH TEDS National Seizure System

43

If drunk ndash you run the RED lights If stoned ndash you stop at the GREEN lights

Cannabis Intoxication

44

bull Irritability and restlessness bull Aggression bull Insomnia bull Appetite decrease bull Withdrawal syndrome is not As painful as heroin withdrawal As dangerous as alcohol withdrawal or As long-lasting as cocaine withdrawal

bull No indication for treatment

Cannabis Withdrawal

45

Neurocognitive Decline ndash 8 IQ points

Meier PNAS 2012

46

46

Tobacco 32

Heroin 23

Cocaine 17

Alcohol 15

Sedatives 9

Cannabis 9

Addictive Potential

47

Anthony Exp Clin Psychopharmacol 1994

4 Cannabis Treatments

48

49

V CBT CBT + V

V CBT CBT + V

Wee

ks of

Con

tinuo

us A

bstin

ence

3 Month Abstinence Rate

69

35 (a)

53 17 20

43 (bc)

(a) V vs CBT comparison p lt 05 (b) CBT+V vs CBT comparison p lt 05 (c) CBT+V vs V comparison p lt 05

Vouchers and CBT

Budney J Consult Clinical Psychology 2006 slide courtesy of Dr Frances Levin

50

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 0

01

02

03

04

05

06

07

08

09

1

Ret

entio

n Pr

obab

ility

Log Rank Wilcoxon P= 00249 Time to drop

Placebo

Marinol

Week

Dronabinol

Levin Drug Alcohol Depend 2011 slide courtesy of Dr Frances Levin

5 Cannabis

Special Topics 51

The Schizophrenia-Marijuana Link

Caspi Biol Psychiatry 2005

52

Adolescence

MonitoringTheFutureorg

53

bull Therapeutic potential for Pain (cancer multiple sclerosis) Nausea (cancer) Loss of appetite (HIVAIDS) Increased occular pressure (glaucoma)

bull Savitex reg (available only in UK and Canada) is a mouth spray Plant-derived THC ndash 50 Cannabidiol ndash 50

Medical Marijuana

54

55 55

Enwikipediaorg

Synthetic Cannabinoids

Enwikipediaorg 56

Cannabidiol

57

Morgan British Journal of Psychiatry 2008

6 Summary

58

1 Smoking rates are 40 to 70 among those with mental illness 2 to 3 times that of the general population

2 Marijuana is addictive but not as addictive as tobacco heroin cocaine or alcohol

3 Psychotherapy works well for both tobacco and cannabis addiction

4 Pharmacotherapy is proven to be effective for addiction to tobacco but not cannabis

59

Thank you

60

  • TOBACCO and CANNABIS
  • Slide Number 2
  • Slide Number 3
  • Slide Number 4
  • Slide Number 5
  • Slide Number 6
  • Slide Number 7
  • Slide Number 8
  • Slide Number 9
  • Slide Number 10
  • Slide Number 11
  • Slide Number 12
  • Slide Number 13
  • Slide Number 14
  • Slide Number 15
  • Slide Number 16
  • Slide Number 17
  • Slide Number 18
  • Slide Number 19
  • Slide Number 20
  • Slide Number 21
  • Slide Number 22
  • Slide Number 23
  • Slide Number 24
  • Slide Number 25
  • Slide Number 26
  • Slide Number 27
  • Slide Number 28
  • Slide Number 29
  • Slide Number 30
  • Slide Number 31
  • Slide Number 32
  • Slide Number 33
  • Slide Number 34
  • Slide Number 35
  • Slide Number 36
  • Pleasurable Effects
  • Slide Number 38
  • The Cannabinoid System
  • Slide Number 40
  • Biphasic Distribution
  • Toxicology Testing
  • Slide Number 43
  • Cannabis Intoxication
  • Cannabis Withdrawal
  • Neurocognitive Decline ndash 8 IQ points
  • Addictive Potential
  • Slide Number 48
  • Vouchers and CBT
  • Dronabinol
  • Slide Number 51
  • The Schizophrenia-Marijuana Link
  • Adolescence
  • Medical Marijuana
  • Slide Number 55
  • Slide Number 56
  • Cannabidiol
  • Slide Number 58
  • Slide Number 59
  • Thank you

Benowitz Med Clin N Am 1992

The Nicotine Cycle

5

Serotonin

GABA

Acetylcholine

β-Endorphins

Glutamate

Norepinephrine

Dopamine

Mood Elevation (appetite)

Anxiety Relief

Arousal and Cognition

Reduction of Tension

Learning and Memory

Arousal ( appetite)

Pleasure ( appetite)

Benowitz N Engl J Med 2010

Intoxication

6

Serotonin

GABA

Acetylcholine

β-Endorphins

Glutamate

Norepinephrine

Dopamine

Depressed Mood

Anxiety

Insomnia

Irritability

Difficulty Concentrating

Decreased Heart Rate

Appetite (and Cravings)

Withdrawal

7

Benowitz N Engl J Med 2010

Carbon monoxide Hydrogen cyanide Ammonia Benzene Formaldehyde

Nicotine Nitrosamines Lead Cadmium Polonium-210

An estimated 4800 compounds in tobacco smoke including 11 proven human carcinogens

Gases Particles

Nicotine is the addictive component of tobacco products but it does NOT cause the ill health effects of tobacco use

Compounds in Tobacco Smoke

8

Slide courtesy of Judith J Prochaska PhD MPH - University of California San Francisco

bull Cancers ndash Acute myeloid leukemia ndash Bladder and kidney ndash Cervical ndash Esophageal ndash Gastric ndash Laryngeal ndash Lung ndash Oral cavity and pharyngeal ndash Pancreatic

bull Pulmonary diseases ndash Acute (eg pneumonia) ndash Chronic (eg COPD)

bull Cardiovascular diseases ndash Abdominal aortic aneurysm ndash Coronary heart disease ndash Cerebrovascular disease ndash Peripheral arterial disease

bull Reproductive effects ndash Reduced fertility in women ndash Poor pregnancy outcomes

(eg low birth weight preterm delivery)

ndash Infant mortality

bull Other effects cataract osteoporosis periodontitis poor surgical outcomes

Health Consequences

9

Slide courtesy of Judith J Prochaska PhD MPH - University of California San Francisco

Lung cilia regain normal function Ability to clear lungs of mucus increases Coughing fatigue shortness of breath decrease

Excess risk of CHD decreases to half that of a

continuing smoker Risk of stroke is reduced to that of people who have never smoked

Lung cancer death rate drops to half that of a

continuing smoker Risk of cancer of mouth

throat esophagus bladder kidney pancreas

decrease

Risk of CHD is similar to that of people who have never smoked

2 weeks to

3 months 1 to 9

months

1 year

5 years

10 years

after 15 years

Time Since Quit Date

Circulation improves walking becomes easier Lung function increases

up to 30

Quitting Health Benefits

10

Slide courtesy of Judith J Prochaska PhD MPH - University of California San Francisco

Caffeine Clozapine

Olanzapine Haloperidol

Chlorpromazine Fluvoxamine

Tacrine Theophyline

Drugs that may have a decreased effect due to induction of CYP1A2 by tobacco smoke

Smoking cessation may reverse the effect

Drug Interactions 1

11

Slide courtesy of Judith J Prochaska PhD MPH - University of California San Francisco

Drug Interactions 2

Smokers who use oral combined contraceptives (estrogen and progestin) have an increased risk of serious cardiovascular adverse effects including

Stroke Myocardial infarction Thromboembolism

Experts do not recommend oral contraceptives for women who are

Over 35 and Heavy (gt15 cigarettes per day) smokers

12

Slide courtesy of Judith J Prochaska PhD MPH - University of California San Francisco

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

AIDS Obesity Alcohol Motor Homicide Drug Suicide Smoking Vehicle Induced

Individuals with mental illness or substance use

disorders

Causes of Annual Deaths in the US

13 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention NHIS 2007 slide courtesy of Judith J Prochaska PhD MPH - University of California San Francisco

Laser National Comorbidity Survey 1991-1992 JAMA 2000 slide courtesy of Judith J Prochaska PhD ndash UCSF

225

348

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

None History

Panic Disorder

PTSD

GAD

Dysthymia

Major Depression

Bipolar Disorder

Nonaffect Psychosis

ASPD

Alcohol AbuseDep

Drug abusedep

410 Overall

Active

Psychiatric History

14

2 Tobacco Treatments

15

1 Physician advice

2 Individual counseling

3 Telephone counseling

4 Group programs

5 Aversion therapy

6 Hypnotherapy

7 NRT bupropion varenicline nortriptyline clonidine

Evidence-Based Practices

16

1 SSRIs and SNRI

2 Anxiolytics benzodiazepines buspirone

3 Homeopathic treatments

4 Herbal supplements

5 Massage Therapy

6 Acupuncture

7 Nicotine Anonymous

Practices Lacking Evidence-Base

17

0

10

20

30

No clinician Self-helpmaterial

Nonphysicianclinician

Physicianclinician

Type of Clinician

Est

ima

ted

ab

stin

en

ce a

t 5

+ m

on

ths

10 11 17

22 n = 29 studies

Fiore Treating Tobacco Use and Dependence 2008 Update Clinical Practice Guideline 2008 slide courtesy of Judith J Prochaska PhD MPH - University of California San Francisco

Compared to patients who receive no assistance from a clinician patients who receive assistance are 17ndash22 times as likely to quit successfully for 5 or more months

Clinician Interventions

18

Nicotine Replacement

Therapy 19

1 Patients with underlying CVD Recent MI (within past 2 weeks) Serious arrhythmias Serious or worsening angina

2 Patients under 18 years of age

3 Pregnant women

General Precautions

20

1 Patch provides consistent nicotine levels

2 Patch is easy to use and conceal

3 Gumlozengeinhalerspray can titrate therapy to manage withdrawal and may satisfy oral cravings

4 Inhaler mimics hand-to-mouth ritual of smoking

5 Spray is most rapidly absorbed form of nicotine replacement

Advantages

21

1 Allergic reactions to patch adhesive

2 Vivid or disturbing dreams with nocturnal patch use

3 Gum may be socially unacceptable and difficult to use with dentures

4 Patients with underlying bronchospastic disease must use inhaler with caution

5 Spray may be addictive and patients must wait 5 min before driving

Disadvantages

22

Park between cheek amp gum

Stop chewing at first sign of peppery taste or tingling sensation

Chew slowly

Chew again when peppery taste or tingle fades

Do not eat or drink 15 min before or

after use

Gum Chewing Technique

23

Slide courtesy of Judith J Prochaska PhD MPH - University of California San Francisco

Bupropion

24

1 Easy to use

2 Can be used with NRT or varenicline

3 May delay cessation-related weight gain

4 May be beneficial in patients with coexisting depression

Advantages

25

1 Common side effects Dry mouth

Anxiety

Insomnia (avoid bedtime dosing)

2 Should be avoided in patients with an increased risk for seizures

Disadvantages

26

Varenicline

27

1 Oral formulation with twice-a-day dosing

2 Offers a new mechanism of action for persons who previously failed using other medications

3 Early industry-sponsored trials suggest this agent is superior to bupropion SR

Advantages

28

1 Common side effects Nausea (in up to 33 of patients)

Sleep disturbances (insomnia abnormal dreams)

Constipation

Flatulence

Vomiting

2 Psychiatric Risks

3 Cardiovascular Risks

Disadvantages

29

ldquoStimulated Reportingrdquo

Gunnell BMJ 2009

30

Data adapted from Silagy et al (2004) Cochrane Database Syst Rev Hughes et al (2004) Cochrane Database Syst Rev Gonzales et al (2006) JAMA and Jorenby et al (2006) JAMA

195

146

115

86

164

88

239

118

171

91

200

102 94

225

gt 6 Month Quit Rates

31

32

Long WSJ May 3 2011 LeSage American Association of Pharmaceutical Scientists Journal 2006

NicVax 2006

33

NicVax 2013

Genetic Engineering amp Biotechnology News July 19 2011 Hartmann-Boyce Cochrane Database Sys Rev 2012

3 Cannabis Basics

34

35

StreetDrugscom 35

Enwikipediaorg 35

ldquoWhy drink and drive when you can smoke and flyrdquo

ldquoIf we all had a bong wersquod all get alongrdquo

36

bull Mild euphoria and relaxation bull The giggles bull Increased sensitivity to external stimuli Colors seem brighter Smells are more pungent

bull Distortion of time perception

Pleasurable Effects

37

The Molecular Structure

ApiFreebasecom 38

bull THC activates the CB1 and CB2 cannabinoid receptors CB1 has high density in cerebellum basal

ganglia hippocampus cerebral cortex CB1 has low density in the brainstem hence low

risk of respiratory depression CB2 is found in spleen hematopoietic cell lines

mast cells

bull Anandamide is the endogenous ligand

The Cannabinoid System

39

Routes of Administration

bull Smoked marijuana Reaches the brain in minutes Effects last 1 - 3 hours Delivers a lot of THC into the bloodstream

bull Eating or drinking marijuana Takes frac12 - 1 hour to have an effect Effects last up to 4 hours Delivers significantly less THC into the bloodstream

40

Biphasic Distribution

Heather British Journal of Psychiatry 2001

41

41

bull Casual use Up to 10 days in urine 50 positive in hair samples

bull Heavy use Up to 30 days in urine 85 positive in hair samples

bull Weight loss gives serial UTox spike bull Dronabinol gives positive test bull Passive inhalation gives negative test

Toxicology Testing

42

Cannabis Potency

NSDUH TEDS National Seizure System

43

If drunk ndash you run the RED lights If stoned ndash you stop at the GREEN lights

Cannabis Intoxication

44

bull Irritability and restlessness bull Aggression bull Insomnia bull Appetite decrease bull Withdrawal syndrome is not As painful as heroin withdrawal As dangerous as alcohol withdrawal or As long-lasting as cocaine withdrawal

bull No indication for treatment

Cannabis Withdrawal

45

Neurocognitive Decline ndash 8 IQ points

Meier PNAS 2012

46

46

Tobacco 32

Heroin 23

Cocaine 17

Alcohol 15

Sedatives 9

Cannabis 9

Addictive Potential

47

Anthony Exp Clin Psychopharmacol 1994

4 Cannabis Treatments

48

49

V CBT CBT + V

V CBT CBT + V

Wee

ks of

Con

tinuo

us A

bstin

ence

3 Month Abstinence Rate

69

35 (a)

53 17 20

43 (bc)

(a) V vs CBT comparison p lt 05 (b) CBT+V vs CBT comparison p lt 05 (c) CBT+V vs V comparison p lt 05

Vouchers and CBT

Budney J Consult Clinical Psychology 2006 slide courtesy of Dr Frances Levin

50

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 0

01

02

03

04

05

06

07

08

09

1

Ret

entio

n Pr

obab

ility

Log Rank Wilcoxon P= 00249 Time to drop

Placebo

Marinol

Week

Dronabinol

Levin Drug Alcohol Depend 2011 slide courtesy of Dr Frances Levin

5 Cannabis

Special Topics 51

The Schizophrenia-Marijuana Link

Caspi Biol Psychiatry 2005

52

Adolescence

MonitoringTheFutureorg

53

bull Therapeutic potential for Pain (cancer multiple sclerosis) Nausea (cancer) Loss of appetite (HIVAIDS) Increased occular pressure (glaucoma)

bull Savitex reg (available only in UK and Canada) is a mouth spray Plant-derived THC ndash 50 Cannabidiol ndash 50

Medical Marijuana

54

55 55

Enwikipediaorg

Synthetic Cannabinoids

Enwikipediaorg 56

Cannabidiol

57

Morgan British Journal of Psychiatry 2008

6 Summary

58

1 Smoking rates are 40 to 70 among those with mental illness 2 to 3 times that of the general population

2 Marijuana is addictive but not as addictive as tobacco heroin cocaine or alcohol

3 Psychotherapy works well for both tobacco and cannabis addiction

4 Pharmacotherapy is proven to be effective for addiction to tobacco but not cannabis

59

Thank you

60

  • TOBACCO and CANNABIS
  • Slide Number 2
  • Slide Number 3
  • Slide Number 4
  • Slide Number 5
  • Slide Number 6
  • Slide Number 7
  • Slide Number 8
  • Slide Number 9
  • Slide Number 10
  • Slide Number 11
  • Slide Number 12
  • Slide Number 13
  • Slide Number 14
  • Slide Number 15
  • Slide Number 16
  • Slide Number 17
  • Slide Number 18
  • Slide Number 19
  • Slide Number 20
  • Slide Number 21
  • Slide Number 22
  • Slide Number 23
  • Slide Number 24
  • Slide Number 25
  • Slide Number 26
  • Slide Number 27
  • Slide Number 28
  • Slide Number 29
  • Slide Number 30
  • Slide Number 31
  • Slide Number 32
  • Slide Number 33
  • Slide Number 34
  • Slide Number 35
  • Slide Number 36
  • Pleasurable Effects
  • Slide Number 38
  • The Cannabinoid System
  • Slide Number 40
  • Biphasic Distribution
  • Toxicology Testing
  • Slide Number 43
  • Cannabis Intoxication
  • Cannabis Withdrawal
  • Neurocognitive Decline ndash 8 IQ points
  • Addictive Potential
  • Slide Number 48
  • Vouchers and CBT
  • Dronabinol
  • Slide Number 51
  • The Schizophrenia-Marijuana Link
  • Adolescence
  • Medical Marijuana
  • Slide Number 55
  • Slide Number 56
  • Cannabidiol
  • Slide Number 58
  • Slide Number 59
  • Thank you

Serotonin

GABA

Acetylcholine

β-Endorphins

Glutamate

Norepinephrine

Dopamine

Mood Elevation (appetite)

Anxiety Relief

Arousal and Cognition

Reduction of Tension

Learning and Memory

Arousal ( appetite)

Pleasure ( appetite)

Benowitz N Engl J Med 2010

Intoxication

6

Serotonin

GABA

Acetylcholine

β-Endorphins

Glutamate

Norepinephrine

Dopamine

Depressed Mood

Anxiety

Insomnia

Irritability

Difficulty Concentrating

Decreased Heart Rate

Appetite (and Cravings)

Withdrawal

7

Benowitz N Engl J Med 2010

Carbon monoxide Hydrogen cyanide Ammonia Benzene Formaldehyde

Nicotine Nitrosamines Lead Cadmium Polonium-210

An estimated 4800 compounds in tobacco smoke including 11 proven human carcinogens

Gases Particles

Nicotine is the addictive component of tobacco products but it does NOT cause the ill health effects of tobacco use

Compounds in Tobacco Smoke

8

Slide courtesy of Judith J Prochaska PhD MPH - University of California San Francisco

bull Cancers ndash Acute myeloid leukemia ndash Bladder and kidney ndash Cervical ndash Esophageal ndash Gastric ndash Laryngeal ndash Lung ndash Oral cavity and pharyngeal ndash Pancreatic

bull Pulmonary diseases ndash Acute (eg pneumonia) ndash Chronic (eg COPD)

bull Cardiovascular diseases ndash Abdominal aortic aneurysm ndash Coronary heart disease ndash Cerebrovascular disease ndash Peripheral arterial disease

bull Reproductive effects ndash Reduced fertility in women ndash Poor pregnancy outcomes

(eg low birth weight preterm delivery)

ndash Infant mortality

bull Other effects cataract osteoporosis periodontitis poor surgical outcomes

Health Consequences

9

Slide courtesy of Judith J Prochaska PhD MPH - University of California San Francisco

Lung cilia regain normal function Ability to clear lungs of mucus increases Coughing fatigue shortness of breath decrease

Excess risk of CHD decreases to half that of a

continuing smoker Risk of stroke is reduced to that of people who have never smoked

Lung cancer death rate drops to half that of a

continuing smoker Risk of cancer of mouth

throat esophagus bladder kidney pancreas

decrease

Risk of CHD is similar to that of people who have never smoked

2 weeks to

3 months 1 to 9

months

1 year

5 years

10 years

after 15 years

Time Since Quit Date

Circulation improves walking becomes easier Lung function increases

up to 30

Quitting Health Benefits

10

Slide courtesy of Judith J Prochaska PhD MPH - University of California San Francisco

Caffeine Clozapine

Olanzapine Haloperidol

Chlorpromazine Fluvoxamine

Tacrine Theophyline

Drugs that may have a decreased effect due to induction of CYP1A2 by tobacco smoke

Smoking cessation may reverse the effect

Drug Interactions 1

11

Slide courtesy of Judith J Prochaska PhD MPH - University of California San Francisco

Drug Interactions 2

Smokers who use oral combined contraceptives (estrogen and progestin) have an increased risk of serious cardiovascular adverse effects including

Stroke Myocardial infarction Thromboembolism

Experts do not recommend oral contraceptives for women who are

Over 35 and Heavy (gt15 cigarettes per day) smokers

12

Slide courtesy of Judith J Prochaska PhD MPH - University of California San Francisco

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

AIDS Obesity Alcohol Motor Homicide Drug Suicide Smoking Vehicle Induced

Individuals with mental illness or substance use

disorders

Causes of Annual Deaths in the US

13 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention NHIS 2007 slide courtesy of Judith J Prochaska PhD MPH - University of California San Francisco

Laser National Comorbidity Survey 1991-1992 JAMA 2000 slide courtesy of Judith J Prochaska PhD ndash UCSF

225

348

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

None History

Panic Disorder

PTSD

GAD

Dysthymia

Major Depression

Bipolar Disorder

Nonaffect Psychosis

ASPD

Alcohol AbuseDep

Drug abusedep

410 Overall

Active

Psychiatric History

14

2 Tobacco Treatments

15

1 Physician advice

2 Individual counseling

3 Telephone counseling

4 Group programs

5 Aversion therapy

6 Hypnotherapy

7 NRT bupropion varenicline nortriptyline clonidine

Evidence-Based Practices

16

1 SSRIs and SNRI

2 Anxiolytics benzodiazepines buspirone

3 Homeopathic treatments

4 Herbal supplements

5 Massage Therapy

6 Acupuncture

7 Nicotine Anonymous

Practices Lacking Evidence-Base

17

0

10

20

30

No clinician Self-helpmaterial

Nonphysicianclinician

Physicianclinician

Type of Clinician

Est

ima

ted

ab

stin

en

ce a

t 5

+ m

on

ths

10 11 17

22 n = 29 studies

Fiore Treating Tobacco Use and Dependence 2008 Update Clinical Practice Guideline 2008 slide courtesy of Judith J Prochaska PhD MPH - University of California San Francisco

Compared to patients who receive no assistance from a clinician patients who receive assistance are 17ndash22 times as likely to quit successfully for 5 or more months

Clinician Interventions

18

Nicotine Replacement

Therapy 19

1 Patients with underlying CVD Recent MI (within past 2 weeks) Serious arrhythmias Serious or worsening angina

2 Patients under 18 years of age

3 Pregnant women

General Precautions

20

1 Patch provides consistent nicotine levels

2 Patch is easy to use and conceal

3 Gumlozengeinhalerspray can titrate therapy to manage withdrawal and may satisfy oral cravings

4 Inhaler mimics hand-to-mouth ritual of smoking

5 Spray is most rapidly absorbed form of nicotine replacement

Advantages

21

1 Allergic reactions to patch adhesive

2 Vivid or disturbing dreams with nocturnal patch use

3 Gum may be socially unacceptable and difficult to use with dentures

4 Patients with underlying bronchospastic disease must use inhaler with caution

5 Spray may be addictive and patients must wait 5 min before driving

Disadvantages

22

Park between cheek amp gum

Stop chewing at first sign of peppery taste or tingling sensation

Chew slowly

Chew again when peppery taste or tingle fades

Do not eat or drink 15 min before or

after use

Gum Chewing Technique

23

Slide courtesy of Judith J Prochaska PhD MPH - University of California San Francisco

Bupropion

24

1 Easy to use

2 Can be used with NRT or varenicline

3 May delay cessation-related weight gain

4 May be beneficial in patients with coexisting depression

Advantages

25

1 Common side effects Dry mouth

Anxiety

Insomnia (avoid bedtime dosing)

2 Should be avoided in patients with an increased risk for seizures

Disadvantages

26

Varenicline

27

1 Oral formulation with twice-a-day dosing

2 Offers a new mechanism of action for persons who previously failed using other medications

3 Early industry-sponsored trials suggest this agent is superior to bupropion SR

Advantages

28

1 Common side effects Nausea (in up to 33 of patients)

Sleep disturbances (insomnia abnormal dreams)

Constipation

Flatulence

Vomiting

2 Psychiatric Risks

3 Cardiovascular Risks

Disadvantages

29

ldquoStimulated Reportingrdquo

Gunnell BMJ 2009

30

Data adapted from Silagy et al (2004) Cochrane Database Syst Rev Hughes et al (2004) Cochrane Database Syst Rev Gonzales et al (2006) JAMA and Jorenby et al (2006) JAMA

195

146

115

86

164

88

239

118

171

91

200

102 94

225

gt 6 Month Quit Rates

31

32

Long WSJ May 3 2011 LeSage American Association of Pharmaceutical Scientists Journal 2006

NicVax 2006

33

NicVax 2013

Genetic Engineering amp Biotechnology News July 19 2011 Hartmann-Boyce Cochrane Database Sys Rev 2012

3 Cannabis Basics

34

35

StreetDrugscom 35

Enwikipediaorg 35

ldquoWhy drink and drive when you can smoke and flyrdquo

ldquoIf we all had a bong wersquod all get alongrdquo

36

bull Mild euphoria and relaxation bull The giggles bull Increased sensitivity to external stimuli Colors seem brighter Smells are more pungent

bull Distortion of time perception

Pleasurable Effects

37

The Molecular Structure

ApiFreebasecom 38

bull THC activates the CB1 and CB2 cannabinoid receptors CB1 has high density in cerebellum basal

ganglia hippocampus cerebral cortex CB1 has low density in the brainstem hence low

risk of respiratory depression CB2 is found in spleen hematopoietic cell lines

mast cells

bull Anandamide is the endogenous ligand

The Cannabinoid System

39

Routes of Administration

bull Smoked marijuana Reaches the brain in minutes Effects last 1 - 3 hours Delivers a lot of THC into the bloodstream

bull Eating or drinking marijuana Takes frac12 - 1 hour to have an effect Effects last up to 4 hours Delivers significantly less THC into the bloodstream

40

Biphasic Distribution

Heather British Journal of Psychiatry 2001

41

41

bull Casual use Up to 10 days in urine 50 positive in hair samples

bull Heavy use Up to 30 days in urine 85 positive in hair samples

bull Weight loss gives serial UTox spike bull Dronabinol gives positive test bull Passive inhalation gives negative test

Toxicology Testing

42

Cannabis Potency

NSDUH TEDS National Seizure System

43

If drunk ndash you run the RED lights If stoned ndash you stop at the GREEN lights

Cannabis Intoxication

44

bull Irritability and restlessness bull Aggression bull Insomnia bull Appetite decrease bull Withdrawal syndrome is not As painful as heroin withdrawal As dangerous as alcohol withdrawal or As long-lasting as cocaine withdrawal

bull No indication for treatment

Cannabis Withdrawal

45

Neurocognitive Decline ndash 8 IQ points

Meier PNAS 2012

46

46

Tobacco 32

Heroin 23

Cocaine 17

Alcohol 15

Sedatives 9

Cannabis 9

Addictive Potential

47

Anthony Exp Clin Psychopharmacol 1994

4 Cannabis Treatments

48

49

V CBT CBT + V

V CBT CBT + V

Wee

ks of

Con

tinuo

us A

bstin

ence

3 Month Abstinence Rate

69

35 (a)

53 17 20

43 (bc)

(a) V vs CBT comparison p lt 05 (b) CBT+V vs CBT comparison p lt 05 (c) CBT+V vs V comparison p lt 05

Vouchers and CBT

Budney J Consult Clinical Psychology 2006 slide courtesy of Dr Frances Levin

50

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 0

01

02

03

04

05

06

07

08

09

1

Ret

entio

n Pr

obab

ility

Log Rank Wilcoxon P= 00249 Time to drop

Placebo

Marinol

Week

Dronabinol

Levin Drug Alcohol Depend 2011 slide courtesy of Dr Frances Levin

5 Cannabis

Special Topics 51

The Schizophrenia-Marijuana Link

Caspi Biol Psychiatry 2005

52

Adolescence

MonitoringTheFutureorg

53

bull Therapeutic potential for Pain (cancer multiple sclerosis) Nausea (cancer) Loss of appetite (HIVAIDS) Increased occular pressure (glaucoma)

bull Savitex reg (available only in UK and Canada) is a mouth spray Plant-derived THC ndash 50 Cannabidiol ndash 50

Medical Marijuana

54

55 55

Enwikipediaorg

Synthetic Cannabinoids

Enwikipediaorg 56

Cannabidiol

57

Morgan British Journal of Psychiatry 2008

6 Summary

58

1 Smoking rates are 40 to 70 among those with mental illness 2 to 3 times that of the general population

2 Marijuana is addictive but not as addictive as tobacco heroin cocaine or alcohol

3 Psychotherapy works well for both tobacco and cannabis addiction

4 Pharmacotherapy is proven to be effective for addiction to tobacco but not cannabis

59

Thank you

60

  • TOBACCO and CANNABIS
  • Slide Number 2
  • Slide Number 3
  • Slide Number 4
  • Slide Number 5
  • Slide Number 6
  • Slide Number 7
  • Slide Number 8
  • Slide Number 9
  • Slide Number 10
  • Slide Number 11
  • Slide Number 12
  • Slide Number 13
  • Slide Number 14
  • Slide Number 15
  • Slide Number 16
  • Slide Number 17
  • Slide Number 18
  • Slide Number 19
  • Slide Number 20
  • Slide Number 21
  • Slide Number 22
  • Slide Number 23
  • Slide Number 24
  • Slide Number 25
  • Slide Number 26
  • Slide Number 27
  • Slide Number 28
  • Slide Number 29
  • Slide Number 30
  • Slide Number 31
  • Slide Number 32
  • Slide Number 33
  • Slide Number 34
  • Slide Number 35
  • Slide Number 36
  • Pleasurable Effects
  • Slide Number 38
  • The Cannabinoid System
  • Slide Number 40
  • Biphasic Distribution
  • Toxicology Testing
  • Slide Number 43
  • Cannabis Intoxication
  • Cannabis Withdrawal
  • Neurocognitive Decline ndash 8 IQ points
  • Addictive Potential
  • Slide Number 48
  • Vouchers and CBT
  • Dronabinol
  • Slide Number 51
  • The Schizophrenia-Marijuana Link
  • Adolescence
  • Medical Marijuana
  • Slide Number 55
  • Slide Number 56
  • Cannabidiol
  • Slide Number 58
  • Slide Number 59
  • Thank you

Serotonin

GABA

Acetylcholine

β-Endorphins

Glutamate

Norepinephrine

Dopamine

Depressed Mood

Anxiety

Insomnia

Irritability

Difficulty Concentrating

Decreased Heart Rate

Appetite (and Cravings)

Withdrawal

7

Benowitz N Engl J Med 2010

Carbon monoxide Hydrogen cyanide Ammonia Benzene Formaldehyde

Nicotine Nitrosamines Lead Cadmium Polonium-210

An estimated 4800 compounds in tobacco smoke including 11 proven human carcinogens

Gases Particles

Nicotine is the addictive component of tobacco products but it does NOT cause the ill health effects of tobacco use

Compounds in Tobacco Smoke

8

Slide courtesy of Judith J Prochaska PhD MPH - University of California San Francisco

bull Cancers ndash Acute myeloid leukemia ndash Bladder and kidney ndash Cervical ndash Esophageal ndash Gastric ndash Laryngeal ndash Lung ndash Oral cavity and pharyngeal ndash Pancreatic

bull Pulmonary diseases ndash Acute (eg pneumonia) ndash Chronic (eg COPD)

bull Cardiovascular diseases ndash Abdominal aortic aneurysm ndash Coronary heart disease ndash Cerebrovascular disease ndash Peripheral arterial disease

bull Reproductive effects ndash Reduced fertility in women ndash Poor pregnancy outcomes

(eg low birth weight preterm delivery)

ndash Infant mortality

bull Other effects cataract osteoporosis periodontitis poor surgical outcomes

Health Consequences

9

Slide courtesy of Judith J Prochaska PhD MPH - University of California San Francisco

Lung cilia regain normal function Ability to clear lungs of mucus increases Coughing fatigue shortness of breath decrease

Excess risk of CHD decreases to half that of a

continuing smoker Risk of stroke is reduced to that of people who have never smoked

Lung cancer death rate drops to half that of a

continuing smoker Risk of cancer of mouth

throat esophagus bladder kidney pancreas

decrease

Risk of CHD is similar to that of people who have never smoked

2 weeks to

3 months 1 to 9

months

1 year

5 years

10 years

after 15 years

Time Since Quit Date

Circulation improves walking becomes easier Lung function increases

up to 30

Quitting Health Benefits

10

Slide courtesy of Judith J Prochaska PhD MPH - University of California San Francisco

Caffeine Clozapine

Olanzapine Haloperidol

Chlorpromazine Fluvoxamine

Tacrine Theophyline

Drugs that may have a decreased effect due to induction of CYP1A2 by tobacco smoke

Smoking cessation may reverse the effect

Drug Interactions 1

11

Slide courtesy of Judith J Prochaska PhD MPH - University of California San Francisco

Drug Interactions 2

Smokers who use oral combined contraceptives (estrogen and progestin) have an increased risk of serious cardiovascular adverse effects including

Stroke Myocardial infarction Thromboembolism

Experts do not recommend oral contraceptives for women who are

Over 35 and Heavy (gt15 cigarettes per day) smokers

12

Slide courtesy of Judith J Prochaska PhD MPH - University of California San Francisco

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

AIDS Obesity Alcohol Motor Homicide Drug Suicide Smoking Vehicle Induced

Individuals with mental illness or substance use

disorders

Causes of Annual Deaths in the US

13 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention NHIS 2007 slide courtesy of Judith J Prochaska PhD MPH - University of California San Francisco

Laser National Comorbidity Survey 1991-1992 JAMA 2000 slide courtesy of Judith J Prochaska PhD ndash UCSF

225

348

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

None History

Panic Disorder

PTSD

GAD

Dysthymia

Major Depression

Bipolar Disorder

Nonaffect Psychosis

ASPD

Alcohol AbuseDep

Drug abusedep

410 Overall

Active

Psychiatric History

14

2 Tobacco Treatments

15

1 Physician advice

2 Individual counseling

3 Telephone counseling

4 Group programs

5 Aversion therapy

6 Hypnotherapy

7 NRT bupropion varenicline nortriptyline clonidine

Evidence-Based Practices

16

1 SSRIs and SNRI

2 Anxiolytics benzodiazepines buspirone

3 Homeopathic treatments

4 Herbal supplements

5 Massage Therapy

6 Acupuncture

7 Nicotine Anonymous

Practices Lacking Evidence-Base

17

0

10

20

30

No clinician Self-helpmaterial

Nonphysicianclinician

Physicianclinician

Type of Clinician

Est

ima

ted

ab

stin

en

ce a

t 5

+ m

on

ths

10 11 17

22 n = 29 studies

Fiore Treating Tobacco Use and Dependence 2008 Update Clinical Practice Guideline 2008 slide courtesy of Judith J Prochaska PhD MPH - University of California San Francisco

Compared to patients who receive no assistance from a clinician patients who receive assistance are 17ndash22 times as likely to quit successfully for 5 or more months

Clinician Interventions

18

Nicotine Replacement

Therapy 19

1 Patients with underlying CVD Recent MI (within past 2 weeks) Serious arrhythmias Serious or worsening angina

2 Patients under 18 years of age

3 Pregnant women

General Precautions

20

1 Patch provides consistent nicotine levels

2 Patch is easy to use and conceal

3 Gumlozengeinhalerspray can titrate therapy to manage withdrawal and may satisfy oral cravings

4 Inhaler mimics hand-to-mouth ritual of smoking

5 Spray is most rapidly absorbed form of nicotine replacement

Advantages

21

1 Allergic reactions to patch adhesive

2 Vivid or disturbing dreams with nocturnal patch use

3 Gum may be socially unacceptable and difficult to use with dentures

4 Patients with underlying bronchospastic disease must use inhaler with caution

5 Spray may be addictive and patients must wait 5 min before driving

Disadvantages

22

Park between cheek amp gum

Stop chewing at first sign of peppery taste or tingling sensation

Chew slowly

Chew again when peppery taste or tingle fades

Do not eat or drink 15 min before or

after use

Gum Chewing Technique

23

Slide courtesy of Judith J Prochaska PhD MPH - University of California San Francisco

Bupropion

24

1 Easy to use

2 Can be used with NRT or varenicline

3 May delay cessation-related weight gain

4 May be beneficial in patients with coexisting depression

Advantages

25

1 Common side effects Dry mouth

Anxiety

Insomnia (avoid bedtime dosing)

2 Should be avoided in patients with an increased risk for seizures

Disadvantages

26

Varenicline

27

1 Oral formulation with twice-a-day dosing

2 Offers a new mechanism of action for persons who previously failed using other medications

3 Early industry-sponsored trials suggest this agent is superior to bupropion SR

Advantages

28

1 Common side effects Nausea (in up to 33 of patients)

Sleep disturbances (insomnia abnormal dreams)

Constipation

Flatulence

Vomiting

2 Psychiatric Risks

3 Cardiovascular Risks

Disadvantages

29

ldquoStimulated Reportingrdquo

Gunnell BMJ 2009

30

Data adapted from Silagy et al (2004) Cochrane Database Syst Rev Hughes et al (2004) Cochrane Database Syst Rev Gonzales et al (2006) JAMA and Jorenby et al (2006) JAMA

195

146

115

86

164

88

239

118

171

91

200

102 94

225

gt 6 Month Quit Rates

31

32

Long WSJ May 3 2011 LeSage American Association of Pharmaceutical Scientists Journal 2006

NicVax 2006

33

NicVax 2013

Genetic Engineering amp Biotechnology News July 19 2011 Hartmann-Boyce Cochrane Database Sys Rev 2012

3 Cannabis Basics

34

35

StreetDrugscom 35

Enwikipediaorg 35

ldquoWhy drink and drive when you can smoke and flyrdquo

ldquoIf we all had a bong wersquod all get alongrdquo

36

bull Mild euphoria and relaxation bull The giggles bull Increased sensitivity to external stimuli Colors seem brighter Smells are more pungent

bull Distortion of time perception

Pleasurable Effects

37

The Molecular Structure

ApiFreebasecom 38

bull THC activates the CB1 and CB2 cannabinoid receptors CB1 has high density in cerebellum basal

ganglia hippocampus cerebral cortex CB1 has low density in the brainstem hence low

risk of respiratory depression CB2 is found in spleen hematopoietic cell lines

mast cells

bull Anandamide is the endogenous ligand

The Cannabinoid System

39

Routes of Administration

bull Smoked marijuana Reaches the brain in minutes Effects last 1 - 3 hours Delivers a lot of THC into the bloodstream

bull Eating or drinking marijuana Takes frac12 - 1 hour to have an effect Effects last up to 4 hours Delivers significantly less THC into the bloodstream

40

Biphasic Distribution

Heather British Journal of Psychiatry 2001

41

41

bull Casual use Up to 10 days in urine 50 positive in hair samples

bull Heavy use Up to 30 days in urine 85 positive in hair samples

bull Weight loss gives serial UTox spike bull Dronabinol gives positive test bull Passive inhalation gives negative test

Toxicology Testing

42

Cannabis Potency

NSDUH TEDS National Seizure System

43

If drunk ndash you run the RED lights If stoned ndash you stop at the GREEN lights

Cannabis Intoxication

44

bull Irritability and restlessness bull Aggression bull Insomnia bull Appetite decrease bull Withdrawal syndrome is not As painful as heroin withdrawal As dangerous as alcohol withdrawal or As long-lasting as cocaine withdrawal

bull No indication for treatment

Cannabis Withdrawal

45

Neurocognitive Decline ndash 8 IQ points

Meier PNAS 2012

46

46

Tobacco 32

Heroin 23

Cocaine 17

Alcohol 15

Sedatives 9

Cannabis 9

Addictive Potential

47

Anthony Exp Clin Psychopharmacol 1994

4 Cannabis Treatments

48

49

V CBT CBT + V

V CBT CBT + V

Wee

ks of

Con

tinuo

us A

bstin

ence

3 Month Abstinence Rate

69

35 (a)

53 17 20

43 (bc)

(a) V vs CBT comparison p lt 05 (b) CBT+V vs CBT comparison p lt 05 (c) CBT+V vs V comparison p lt 05

Vouchers and CBT

Budney J Consult Clinical Psychology 2006 slide courtesy of Dr Frances Levin

50

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 0

01

02

03

04

05

06

07

08

09

1

Ret

entio

n Pr

obab

ility

Log Rank Wilcoxon P= 00249 Time to drop

Placebo

Marinol

Week

Dronabinol

Levin Drug Alcohol Depend 2011 slide courtesy of Dr Frances Levin

5 Cannabis

Special Topics 51

The Schizophrenia-Marijuana Link

Caspi Biol Psychiatry 2005

52

Adolescence

MonitoringTheFutureorg

53

bull Therapeutic potential for Pain (cancer multiple sclerosis) Nausea (cancer) Loss of appetite (HIVAIDS) Increased occular pressure (glaucoma)

bull Savitex reg (available only in UK and Canada) is a mouth spray Plant-derived THC ndash 50 Cannabidiol ndash 50

Medical Marijuana

54

55 55

Enwikipediaorg

Synthetic Cannabinoids

Enwikipediaorg 56

Cannabidiol

57

Morgan British Journal of Psychiatry 2008

6 Summary

58

1 Smoking rates are 40 to 70 among those with mental illness 2 to 3 times that of the general population

2 Marijuana is addictive but not as addictive as tobacco heroin cocaine or alcohol

3 Psychotherapy works well for both tobacco and cannabis addiction

4 Pharmacotherapy is proven to be effective for addiction to tobacco but not cannabis

59

Thank you

60

  • TOBACCO and CANNABIS
  • Slide Number 2
  • Slide Number 3
  • Slide Number 4
  • Slide Number 5
  • Slide Number 6
  • Slide Number 7
  • Slide Number 8
  • Slide Number 9
  • Slide Number 10
  • Slide Number 11
  • Slide Number 12
  • Slide Number 13
  • Slide Number 14
  • Slide Number 15
  • Slide Number 16
  • Slide Number 17
  • Slide Number 18
  • Slide Number 19
  • Slide Number 20
  • Slide Number 21
  • Slide Number 22
  • Slide Number 23
  • Slide Number 24
  • Slide Number 25
  • Slide Number 26
  • Slide Number 27
  • Slide Number 28
  • Slide Number 29
  • Slide Number 30
  • Slide Number 31
  • Slide Number 32
  • Slide Number 33
  • Slide Number 34
  • Slide Number 35
  • Slide Number 36
  • Pleasurable Effects
  • Slide Number 38
  • The Cannabinoid System
  • Slide Number 40
  • Biphasic Distribution
  • Toxicology Testing
  • Slide Number 43
  • Cannabis Intoxication
  • Cannabis Withdrawal
  • Neurocognitive Decline ndash 8 IQ points
  • Addictive Potential
  • Slide Number 48
  • Vouchers and CBT
  • Dronabinol
  • Slide Number 51
  • The Schizophrenia-Marijuana Link
  • Adolescence
  • Medical Marijuana
  • Slide Number 55
  • Slide Number 56
  • Cannabidiol
  • Slide Number 58
  • Slide Number 59
  • Thank you

Carbon monoxide Hydrogen cyanide Ammonia Benzene Formaldehyde

Nicotine Nitrosamines Lead Cadmium Polonium-210

An estimated 4800 compounds in tobacco smoke including 11 proven human carcinogens

Gases Particles

Nicotine is the addictive component of tobacco products but it does NOT cause the ill health effects of tobacco use

Compounds in Tobacco Smoke

8

Slide courtesy of Judith J Prochaska PhD MPH - University of California San Francisco

bull Cancers ndash Acute myeloid leukemia ndash Bladder and kidney ndash Cervical ndash Esophageal ndash Gastric ndash Laryngeal ndash Lung ndash Oral cavity and pharyngeal ndash Pancreatic

bull Pulmonary diseases ndash Acute (eg pneumonia) ndash Chronic (eg COPD)

bull Cardiovascular diseases ndash Abdominal aortic aneurysm ndash Coronary heart disease ndash Cerebrovascular disease ndash Peripheral arterial disease

bull Reproductive effects ndash Reduced fertility in women ndash Poor pregnancy outcomes

(eg low birth weight preterm delivery)

ndash Infant mortality

bull Other effects cataract osteoporosis periodontitis poor surgical outcomes

Health Consequences

9

Slide courtesy of Judith J Prochaska PhD MPH - University of California San Francisco

Lung cilia regain normal function Ability to clear lungs of mucus increases Coughing fatigue shortness of breath decrease

Excess risk of CHD decreases to half that of a

continuing smoker Risk of stroke is reduced to that of people who have never smoked

Lung cancer death rate drops to half that of a

continuing smoker Risk of cancer of mouth

throat esophagus bladder kidney pancreas

decrease

Risk of CHD is similar to that of people who have never smoked

2 weeks to

3 months 1 to 9

months

1 year

5 years

10 years

after 15 years

Time Since Quit Date

Circulation improves walking becomes easier Lung function increases

up to 30

Quitting Health Benefits

10

Slide courtesy of Judith J Prochaska PhD MPH - University of California San Francisco

Caffeine Clozapine

Olanzapine Haloperidol

Chlorpromazine Fluvoxamine

Tacrine Theophyline

Drugs that may have a decreased effect due to induction of CYP1A2 by tobacco smoke

Smoking cessation may reverse the effect

Drug Interactions 1

11

Slide courtesy of Judith J Prochaska PhD MPH - University of California San Francisco

Drug Interactions 2

Smokers who use oral combined contraceptives (estrogen and progestin) have an increased risk of serious cardiovascular adverse effects including

Stroke Myocardial infarction Thromboembolism

Experts do not recommend oral contraceptives for women who are

Over 35 and Heavy (gt15 cigarettes per day) smokers

12

Slide courtesy of Judith J Prochaska PhD MPH - University of California San Francisco

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

AIDS Obesity Alcohol Motor Homicide Drug Suicide Smoking Vehicle Induced

Individuals with mental illness or substance use

disorders

Causes of Annual Deaths in the US

13 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention NHIS 2007 slide courtesy of Judith J Prochaska PhD MPH - University of California San Francisco

Laser National Comorbidity Survey 1991-1992 JAMA 2000 slide courtesy of Judith J Prochaska PhD ndash UCSF

225

348

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

None History

Panic Disorder

PTSD

GAD

Dysthymia

Major Depression

Bipolar Disorder

Nonaffect Psychosis

ASPD

Alcohol AbuseDep

Drug abusedep

410 Overall

Active

Psychiatric History

14

2 Tobacco Treatments

15

1 Physician advice

2 Individual counseling

3 Telephone counseling

4 Group programs

5 Aversion therapy

6 Hypnotherapy

7 NRT bupropion varenicline nortriptyline clonidine

Evidence-Based Practices

16

1 SSRIs and SNRI

2 Anxiolytics benzodiazepines buspirone

3 Homeopathic treatments

4 Herbal supplements

5 Massage Therapy

6 Acupuncture

7 Nicotine Anonymous

Practices Lacking Evidence-Base

17

0

10

20

30

No clinician Self-helpmaterial

Nonphysicianclinician

Physicianclinician

Type of Clinician

Est

ima

ted

ab

stin

en

ce a

t 5

+ m

on

ths

10 11 17

22 n = 29 studies

Fiore Treating Tobacco Use and Dependence 2008 Update Clinical Practice Guideline 2008 slide courtesy of Judith J Prochaska PhD MPH - University of California San Francisco

Compared to patients who receive no assistance from a clinician patients who receive assistance are 17ndash22 times as likely to quit successfully for 5 or more months

Clinician Interventions

18

Nicotine Replacement

Therapy 19

1 Patients with underlying CVD Recent MI (within past 2 weeks) Serious arrhythmias Serious or worsening angina

2 Patients under 18 years of age

3 Pregnant women

General Precautions

20

1 Patch provides consistent nicotine levels

2 Patch is easy to use and conceal

3 Gumlozengeinhalerspray can titrate therapy to manage withdrawal and may satisfy oral cravings

4 Inhaler mimics hand-to-mouth ritual of smoking

5 Spray is most rapidly absorbed form of nicotine replacement

Advantages

21

1 Allergic reactions to patch adhesive

2 Vivid or disturbing dreams with nocturnal patch use

3 Gum may be socially unacceptable and difficult to use with dentures

4 Patients with underlying bronchospastic disease must use inhaler with caution

5 Spray may be addictive and patients must wait 5 min before driving

Disadvantages

22

Park between cheek amp gum

Stop chewing at first sign of peppery taste or tingling sensation

Chew slowly

Chew again when peppery taste or tingle fades

Do not eat or drink 15 min before or

after use

Gum Chewing Technique

23

Slide courtesy of Judith J Prochaska PhD MPH - University of California San Francisco

Bupropion

24

1 Easy to use

2 Can be used with NRT or varenicline

3 May delay cessation-related weight gain

4 May be beneficial in patients with coexisting depression

Advantages

25

1 Common side effects Dry mouth

Anxiety

Insomnia (avoid bedtime dosing)

2 Should be avoided in patients with an increased risk for seizures

Disadvantages

26

Varenicline

27

1 Oral formulation with twice-a-day dosing

2 Offers a new mechanism of action for persons who previously failed using other medications

3 Early industry-sponsored trials suggest this agent is superior to bupropion SR

Advantages

28

1 Common side effects Nausea (in up to 33 of patients)

Sleep disturbances (insomnia abnormal dreams)

Constipation

Flatulence

Vomiting

2 Psychiatric Risks

3 Cardiovascular Risks

Disadvantages

29

ldquoStimulated Reportingrdquo

Gunnell BMJ 2009

30

Data adapted from Silagy et al (2004) Cochrane Database Syst Rev Hughes et al (2004) Cochrane Database Syst Rev Gonzales et al (2006) JAMA and Jorenby et al (2006) JAMA

195

146

115

86

164

88

239

118

171

91

200

102 94

225

gt 6 Month Quit Rates

31

32

Long WSJ May 3 2011 LeSage American Association of Pharmaceutical Scientists Journal 2006

NicVax 2006

33

NicVax 2013

Genetic Engineering amp Biotechnology News July 19 2011 Hartmann-Boyce Cochrane Database Sys Rev 2012

3 Cannabis Basics

34

35

StreetDrugscom 35

Enwikipediaorg 35

ldquoWhy drink and drive when you can smoke and flyrdquo

ldquoIf we all had a bong wersquod all get alongrdquo

36

bull Mild euphoria and relaxation bull The giggles bull Increased sensitivity to external stimuli Colors seem brighter Smells are more pungent

bull Distortion of time perception

Pleasurable Effects

37

The Molecular Structure

ApiFreebasecom 38

bull THC activates the CB1 and CB2 cannabinoid receptors CB1 has high density in cerebellum basal

ganglia hippocampus cerebral cortex CB1 has low density in the brainstem hence low

risk of respiratory depression CB2 is found in spleen hematopoietic cell lines

mast cells

bull Anandamide is the endogenous ligand

The Cannabinoid System

39

Routes of Administration

bull Smoked marijuana Reaches the brain in minutes Effects last 1 - 3 hours Delivers a lot of THC into the bloodstream

bull Eating or drinking marijuana Takes frac12 - 1 hour to have an effect Effects last up to 4 hours Delivers significantly less THC into the bloodstream

40

Biphasic Distribution

Heather British Journal of Psychiatry 2001

41

41

bull Casual use Up to 10 days in urine 50 positive in hair samples

bull Heavy use Up to 30 days in urine 85 positive in hair samples

bull Weight loss gives serial UTox spike bull Dronabinol gives positive test bull Passive inhalation gives negative test

Toxicology Testing

42

Cannabis Potency

NSDUH TEDS National Seizure System

43

If drunk ndash you run the RED lights If stoned ndash you stop at the GREEN lights

Cannabis Intoxication

44

bull Irritability and restlessness bull Aggression bull Insomnia bull Appetite decrease bull Withdrawal syndrome is not As painful as heroin withdrawal As dangerous as alcohol withdrawal or As long-lasting as cocaine withdrawal

bull No indication for treatment

Cannabis Withdrawal

45

Neurocognitive Decline ndash 8 IQ points

Meier PNAS 2012

46

46

Tobacco 32

Heroin 23

Cocaine 17

Alcohol 15

Sedatives 9

Cannabis 9

Addictive Potential

47

Anthony Exp Clin Psychopharmacol 1994

4 Cannabis Treatments

48

49

V CBT CBT + V

V CBT CBT + V

Wee

ks of

Con

tinuo

us A

bstin

ence

3 Month Abstinence Rate

69

35 (a)

53 17 20

43 (bc)

(a) V vs CBT comparison p lt 05 (b) CBT+V vs CBT comparison p lt 05 (c) CBT+V vs V comparison p lt 05

Vouchers and CBT

Budney J Consult Clinical Psychology 2006 slide courtesy of Dr Frances Levin

50

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 0

01

02

03

04

05

06

07

08

09

1

Ret

entio

n Pr

obab

ility

Log Rank Wilcoxon P= 00249 Time to drop

Placebo

Marinol

Week

Dronabinol

Levin Drug Alcohol Depend 2011 slide courtesy of Dr Frances Levin

5 Cannabis

Special Topics 51

The Schizophrenia-Marijuana Link

Caspi Biol Psychiatry 2005

52

Adolescence

MonitoringTheFutureorg

53

bull Therapeutic potential for Pain (cancer multiple sclerosis) Nausea (cancer) Loss of appetite (HIVAIDS) Increased occular pressure (glaucoma)

bull Savitex reg (available only in UK and Canada) is a mouth spray Plant-derived THC ndash 50 Cannabidiol ndash 50

Medical Marijuana

54

55 55

Enwikipediaorg

Synthetic Cannabinoids

Enwikipediaorg 56

Cannabidiol

57

Morgan British Journal of Psychiatry 2008

6 Summary

58

1 Smoking rates are 40 to 70 among those with mental illness 2 to 3 times that of the general population

2 Marijuana is addictive but not as addictive as tobacco heroin cocaine or alcohol

3 Psychotherapy works well for both tobacco and cannabis addiction

4 Pharmacotherapy is proven to be effective for addiction to tobacco but not cannabis

59

Thank you

60

  • TOBACCO and CANNABIS
  • Slide Number 2
  • Slide Number 3
  • Slide Number 4
  • Slide Number 5
  • Slide Number 6
  • Slide Number 7
  • Slide Number 8
  • Slide Number 9
  • Slide Number 10
  • Slide Number 11
  • Slide Number 12
  • Slide Number 13
  • Slide Number 14
  • Slide Number 15
  • Slide Number 16
  • Slide Number 17
  • Slide Number 18
  • Slide Number 19
  • Slide Number 20
  • Slide Number 21
  • Slide Number 22
  • Slide Number 23
  • Slide Number 24
  • Slide Number 25
  • Slide Number 26
  • Slide Number 27
  • Slide Number 28
  • Slide Number 29
  • Slide Number 30
  • Slide Number 31
  • Slide Number 32
  • Slide Number 33
  • Slide Number 34
  • Slide Number 35
  • Slide Number 36
  • Pleasurable Effects
  • Slide Number 38
  • The Cannabinoid System
  • Slide Number 40
  • Biphasic Distribution
  • Toxicology Testing
  • Slide Number 43
  • Cannabis Intoxication
  • Cannabis Withdrawal
  • Neurocognitive Decline ndash 8 IQ points
  • Addictive Potential
  • Slide Number 48
  • Vouchers and CBT
  • Dronabinol
  • Slide Number 51
  • The Schizophrenia-Marijuana Link
  • Adolescence
  • Medical Marijuana
  • Slide Number 55
  • Slide Number 56
  • Cannabidiol
  • Slide Number 58
  • Slide Number 59
  • Thank you

bull Cancers ndash Acute myeloid leukemia ndash Bladder and kidney ndash Cervical ndash Esophageal ndash Gastric ndash Laryngeal ndash Lung ndash Oral cavity and pharyngeal ndash Pancreatic

bull Pulmonary diseases ndash Acute (eg pneumonia) ndash Chronic (eg COPD)

bull Cardiovascular diseases ndash Abdominal aortic aneurysm ndash Coronary heart disease ndash Cerebrovascular disease ndash Peripheral arterial disease

bull Reproductive effects ndash Reduced fertility in women ndash Poor pregnancy outcomes

(eg low birth weight preterm delivery)

ndash Infant mortality

bull Other effects cataract osteoporosis periodontitis poor surgical outcomes

Health Consequences

9

Slide courtesy of Judith J Prochaska PhD MPH - University of California San Francisco

Lung cilia regain normal function Ability to clear lungs of mucus increases Coughing fatigue shortness of breath decrease

Excess risk of CHD decreases to half that of a

continuing smoker Risk of stroke is reduced to that of people who have never smoked

Lung cancer death rate drops to half that of a

continuing smoker Risk of cancer of mouth

throat esophagus bladder kidney pancreas

decrease

Risk of CHD is similar to that of people who have never smoked

2 weeks to

3 months 1 to 9

months

1 year

5 years

10 years

after 15 years

Time Since Quit Date

Circulation improves walking becomes easier Lung function increases

up to 30

Quitting Health Benefits

10

Slide courtesy of Judith J Prochaska PhD MPH - University of California San Francisco

Caffeine Clozapine

Olanzapine Haloperidol

Chlorpromazine Fluvoxamine

Tacrine Theophyline

Drugs that may have a decreased effect due to induction of CYP1A2 by tobacco smoke

Smoking cessation may reverse the effect

Drug Interactions 1

11

Slide courtesy of Judith J Prochaska PhD MPH - University of California San Francisco

Drug Interactions 2

Smokers who use oral combined contraceptives (estrogen and progestin) have an increased risk of serious cardiovascular adverse effects including

Stroke Myocardial infarction Thromboembolism

Experts do not recommend oral contraceptives for women who are

Over 35 and Heavy (gt15 cigarettes per day) smokers

12

Slide courtesy of Judith J Prochaska PhD MPH - University of California San Francisco

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

AIDS Obesity Alcohol Motor Homicide Drug Suicide Smoking Vehicle Induced

Individuals with mental illness or substance use

disorders

Causes of Annual Deaths in the US

13 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention NHIS 2007 slide courtesy of Judith J Prochaska PhD MPH - University of California San Francisco

Laser National Comorbidity Survey 1991-1992 JAMA 2000 slide courtesy of Judith J Prochaska PhD ndash UCSF

225

348

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

None History

Panic Disorder

PTSD

GAD

Dysthymia

Major Depression

Bipolar Disorder

Nonaffect Psychosis

ASPD

Alcohol AbuseDep

Drug abusedep

410 Overall

Active

Psychiatric History

14

2 Tobacco Treatments

15

1 Physician advice

2 Individual counseling

3 Telephone counseling

4 Group programs

5 Aversion therapy

6 Hypnotherapy

7 NRT bupropion varenicline nortriptyline clonidine

Evidence-Based Practices

16

1 SSRIs and SNRI

2 Anxiolytics benzodiazepines buspirone

3 Homeopathic treatments

4 Herbal supplements

5 Massage Therapy

6 Acupuncture

7 Nicotine Anonymous

Practices Lacking Evidence-Base

17

0

10

20

30

No clinician Self-helpmaterial

Nonphysicianclinician

Physicianclinician

Type of Clinician

Est

ima

ted

ab

stin

en

ce a

t 5

+ m

on

ths

10 11 17

22 n = 29 studies

Fiore Treating Tobacco Use and Dependence 2008 Update Clinical Practice Guideline 2008 slide courtesy of Judith J Prochaska PhD MPH - University of California San Francisco

Compared to patients who receive no assistance from a clinician patients who receive assistance are 17ndash22 times as likely to quit successfully for 5 or more months

Clinician Interventions

18

Nicotine Replacement

Therapy 19

1 Patients with underlying CVD Recent MI (within past 2 weeks) Serious arrhythmias Serious or worsening angina

2 Patients under 18 years of age

3 Pregnant women

General Precautions

20

1 Patch provides consistent nicotine levels

2 Patch is easy to use and conceal

3 Gumlozengeinhalerspray can titrate therapy to manage withdrawal and may satisfy oral cravings

4 Inhaler mimics hand-to-mouth ritual of smoking

5 Spray is most rapidly absorbed form of nicotine replacement

Advantages

21

1 Allergic reactions to patch adhesive

2 Vivid or disturbing dreams with nocturnal patch use

3 Gum may be socially unacceptable and difficult to use with dentures

4 Patients with underlying bronchospastic disease must use inhaler with caution

5 Spray may be addictive and patients must wait 5 min before driving

Disadvantages

22

Park between cheek amp gum

Stop chewing at first sign of peppery taste or tingling sensation

Chew slowly

Chew again when peppery taste or tingle fades

Do not eat or drink 15 min before or

after use

Gum Chewing Technique

23

Slide courtesy of Judith J Prochaska PhD MPH - University of California San Francisco

Bupropion

24

1 Easy to use

2 Can be used with NRT or varenicline

3 May delay cessation-related weight gain

4 May be beneficial in patients with coexisting depression

Advantages

25

1 Common side effects Dry mouth

Anxiety

Insomnia (avoid bedtime dosing)

2 Should be avoided in patients with an increased risk for seizures

Disadvantages

26

Varenicline

27

1 Oral formulation with twice-a-day dosing

2 Offers a new mechanism of action for persons who previously failed using other medications

3 Early industry-sponsored trials suggest this agent is superior to bupropion SR

Advantages

28

1 Common side effects Nausea (in up to 33 of patients)

Sleep disturbances (insomnia abnormal dreams)

Constipation

Flatulence

Vomiting

2 Psychiatric Risks

3 Cardiovascular Risks

Disadvantages

29

ldquoStimulated Reportingrdquo

Gunnell BMJ 2009

30

Data adapted from Silagy et al (2004) Cochrane Database Syst Rev Hughes et al (2004) Cochrane Database Syst Rev Gonzales et al (2006) JAMA and Jorenby et al (2006) JAMA

195

146

115

86

164

88

239

118

171

91

200

102 94

225

gt 6 Month Quit Rates

31

32

Long WSJ May 3 2011 LeSage American Association of Pharmaceutical Scientists Journal 2006

NicVax 2006

33

NicVax 2013

Genetic Engineering amp Biotechnology News July 19 2011 Hartmann-Boyce Cochrane Database Sys Rev 2012

3 Cannabis Basics

34

35

StreetDrugscom 35

Enwikipediaorg 35

ldquoWhy drink and drive when you can smoke and flyrdquo

ldquoIf we all had a bong wersquod all get alongrdquo

36

bull Mild euphoria and relaxation bull The giggles bull Increased sensitivity to external stimuli Colors seem brighter Smells are more pungent

bull Distortion of time perception

Pleasurable Effects

37

The Molecular Structure

ApiFreebasecom 38

bull THC activates the CB1 and CB2 cannabinoid receptors CB1 has high density in cerebellum basal

ganglia hippocampus cerebral cortex CB1 has low density in the brainstem hence low

risk of respiratory depression CB2 is found in spleen hematopoietic cell lines

mast cells

bull Anandamide is the endogenous ligand

The Cannabinoid System

39

Routes of Administration

bull Smoked marijuana Reaches the brain in minutes Effects last 1 - 3 hours Delivers a lot of THC into the bloodstream

bull Eating or drinking marijuana Takes frac12 - 1 hour to have an effect Effects last up to 4 hours Delivers significantly less THC into the bloodstream

40

Biphasic Distribution

Heather British Journal of Psychiatry 2001

41

41

bull Casual use Up to 10 days in urine 50 positive in hair samples

bull Heavy use Up to 30 days in urine 85 positive in hair samples

bull Weight loss gives serial UTox spike bull Dronabinol gives positive test bull Passive inhalation gives negative test

Toxicology Testing

42

Cannabis Potency

NSDUH TEDS National Seizure System

43

If drunk ndash you run the RED lights If stoned ndash you stop at the GREEN lights

Cannabis Intoxication

44

bull Irritability and restlessness bull Aggression bull Insomnia bull Appetite decrease bull Withdrawal syndrome is not As painful as heroin withdrawal As dangerous as alcohol withdrawal or As long-lasting as cocaine withdrawal

bull No indication for treatment

Cannabis Withdrawal

45

Neurocognitive Decline ndash 8 IQ points

Meier PNAS 2012

46

46

Tobacco 32

Heroin 23

Cocaine 17

Alcohol 15

Sedatives 9

Cannabis 9

Addictive Potential

47

Anthony Exp Clin Psychopharmacol 1994

4 Cannabis Treatments

48

49

V CBT CBT + V

V CBT CBT + V

Wee

ks of

Con

tinuo

us A

bstin

ence

3 Month Abstinence Rate

69

35 (a)

53 17 20

43 (bc)

(a) V vs CBT comparison p lt 05 (b) CBT+V vs CBT comparison p lt 05 (c) CBT+V vs V comparison p lt 05

Vouchers and CBT

Budney J Consult Clinical Psychology 2006 slide courtesy of Dr Frances Levin

50

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 0

01

02

03

04

05

06

07

08

09

1

Ret

entio

n Pr

obab

ility

Log Rank Wilcoxon P= 00249 Time to drop

Placebo

Marinol

Week

Dronabinol

Levin Drug Alcohol Depend 2011 slide courtesy of Dr Frances Levin

5 Cannabis

Special Topics 51

The Schizophrenia-Marijuana Link

Caspi Biol Psychiatry 2005

52

Adolescence

MonitoringTheFutureorg

53

bull Therapeutic potential for Pain (cancer multiple sclerosis) Nausea (cancer) Loss of appetite (HIVAIDS) Increased occular pressure (glaucoma)

bull Savitex reg (available only in UK and Canada) is a mouth spray Plant-derived THC ndash 50 Cannabidiol ndash 50

Medical Marijuana

54

55 55

Enwikipediaorg

Synthetic Cannabinoids

Enwikipediaorg 56

Cannabidiol

57

Morgan British Journal of Psychiatry 2008

6 Summary

58

1 Smoking rates are 40 to 70 among those with mental illness 2 to 3 times that of the general population

2 Marijuana is addictive but not as addictive as tobacco heroin cocaine or alcohol

3 Psychotherapy works well for both tobacco and cannabis addiction

4 Pharmacotherapy is proven to be effective for addiction to tobacco but not cannabis

59

Thank you

60

  • TOBACCO and CANNABIS
  • Slide Number 2
  • Slide Number 3
  • Slide Number 4
  • Slide Number 5
  • Slide Number 6
  • Slide Number 7
  • Slide Number 8
  • Slide Number 9
  • Slide Number 10
  • Slide Number 11
  • Slide Number 12
  • Slide Number 13
  • Slide Number 14
  • Slide Number 15
  • Slide Number 16
  • Slide Number 17
  • Slide Number 18
  • Slide Number 19
  • Slide Number 20
  • Slide Number 21
  • Slide Number 22
  • Slide Number 23
  • Slide Number 24
  • Slide Number 25
  • Slide Number 26
  • Slide Number 27
  • Slide Number 28
  • Slide Number 29
  • Slide Number 30
  • Slide Number 31
  • Slide Number 32
  • Slide Number 33
  • Slide Number 34
  • Slide Number 35
  • Slide Number 36
  • Pleasurable Effects
  • Slide Number 38
  • The Cannabinoid System
  • Slide Number 40
  • Biphasic Distribution
  • Toxicology Testing
  • Slide Number 43
  • Cannabis Intoxication
  • Cannabis Withdrawal
  • Neurocognitive Decline ndash 8 IQ points
  • Addictive Potential
  • Slide Number 48
  • Vouchers and CBT
  • Dronabinol
  • Slide Number 51
  • The Schizophrenia-Marijuana Link
  • Adolescence
  • Medical Marijuana
  • Slide Number 55
  • Slide Number 56
  • Cannabidiol
  • Slide Number 58
  • Slide Number 59
  • Thank you

Lung cilia regain normal function Ability to clear lungs of mucus increases Coughing fatigue shortness of breath decrease

Excess risk of CHD decreases to half that of a

continuing smoker Risk of stroke is reduced to that of people who have never smoked

Lung cancer death rate drops to half that of a

continuing smoker Risk of cancer of mouth

throat esophagus bladder kidney pancreas

decrease

Risk of CHD is similar to that of people who have never smoked

2 weeks to

3 months 1 to 9

months

1 year

5 years

10 years

after 15 years

Time Since Quit Date

Circulation improves walking becomes easier Lung function increases

up to 30

Quitting Health Benefits

10

Slide courtesy of Judith J Prochaska PhD MPH - University of California San Francisco

Caffeine Clozapine

Olanzapine Haloperidol

Chlorpromazine Fluvoxamine

Tacrine Theophyline

Drugs that may have a decreased effect due to induction of CYP1A2 by tobacco smoke

Smoking cessation may reverse the effect

Drug Interactions 1

11

Slide courtesy of Judith J Prochaska PhD MPH - University of California San Francisco

Drug Interactions 2

Smokers who use oral combined contraceptives (estrogen and progestin) have an increased risk of serious cardiovascular adverse effects including

Stroke Myocardial infarction Thromboembolism

Experts do not recommend oral contraceptives for women who are

Over 35 and Heavy (gt15 cigarettes per day) smokers

12

Slide courtesy of Judith J Prochaska PhD MPH - University of California San Francisco

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

AIDS Obesity Alcohol Motor Homicide Drug Suicide Smoking Vehicle Induced

Individuals with mental illness or substance use

disorders

Causes of Annual Deaths in the US

13 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention NHIS 2007 slide courtesy of Judith J Prochaska PhD MPH - University of California San Francisco

Laser National Comorbidity Survey 1991-1992 JAMA 2000 slide courtesy of Judith J Prochaska PhD ndash UCSF

225

348

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

None History

Panic Disorder

PTSD

GAD

Dysthymia

Major Depression

Bipolar Disorder

Nonaffect Psychosis

ASPD

Alcohol AbuseDep

Drug abusedep

410 Overall

Active

Psychiatric History

14

2 Tobacco Treatments

15

1 Physician advice

2 Individual counseling

3 Telephone counseling

4 Group programs

5 Aversion therapy

6 Hypnotherapy

7 NRT bupropion varenicline nortriptyline clonidine

Evidence-Based Practices

16

1 SSRIs and SNRI

2 Anxiolytics benzodiazepines buspirone

3 Homeopathic treatments

4 Herbal supplements

5 Massage Therapy

6 Acupuncture

7 Nicotine Anonymous

Practices Lacking Evidence-Base

17

0

10

20

30

No clinician Self-helpmaterial

Nonphysicianclinician

Physicianclinician

Type of Clinician

Est

ima

ted

ab

stin

en

ce a

t 5

+ m

on

ths

10 11 17

22 n = 29 studies

Fiore Treating Tobacco Use and Dependence 2008 Update Clinical Practice Guideline 2008 slide courtesy of Judith J Prochaska PhD MPH - University of California San Francisco

Compared to patients who receive no assistance from a clinician patients who receive assistance are 17ndash22 times as likely to quit successfully for 5 or more months

Clinician Interventions

18

Nicotine Replacement

Therapy 19

1 Patients with underlying CVD Recent MI (within past 2 weeks) Serious arrhythmias Serious or worsening angina

2 Patients under 18 years of age

3 Pregnant women

General Precautions

20

1 Patch provides consistent nicotine levels

2 Patch is easy to use and conceal

3 Gumlozengeinhalerspray can titrate therapy to manage withdrawal and may satisfy oral cravings

4 Inhaler mimics hand-to-mouth ritual of smoking

5 Spray is most rapidly absorbed form of nicotine replacement

Advantages

21

1 Allergic reactions to patch adhesive

2 Vivid or disturbing dreams with nocturnal patch use

3 Gum may be socially unacceptable and difficult to use with dentures

4 Patients with underlying bronchospastic disease must use inhaler with caution

5 Spray may be addictive and patients must wait 5 min before driving

Disadvantages

22

Park between cheek amp gum

Stop chewing at first sign of peppery taste or tingling sensation

Chew slowly

Chew again when peppery taste or tingle fades

Do not eat or drink 15 min before or

after use

Gum Chewing Technique

23

Slide courtesy of Judith J Prochaska PhD MPH - University of California San Francisco

Bupropion

24

1 Easy to use

2 Can be used with NRT or varenicline

3 May delay cessation-related weight gain

4 May be beneficial in patients with coexisting depression

Advantages

25

1 Common side effects Dry mouth

Anxiety

Insomnia (avoid bedtime dosing)

2 Should be avoided in patients with an increased risk for seizures

Disadvantages

26

Varenicline

27

1 Oral formulation with twice-a-day dosing

2 Offers a new mechanism of action for persons who previously failed using other medications

3 Early industry-sponsored trials suggest this agent is superior to bupropion SR

Advantages

28

1 Common side effects Nausea (in up to 33 of patients)

Sleep disturbances (insomnia abnormal dreams)

Constipation

Flatulence

Vomiting

2 Psychiatric Risks

3 Cardiovascular Risks

Disadvantages

29

ldquoStimulated Reportingrdquo

Gunnell BMJ 2009

30

Data adapted from Silagy et al (2004) Cochrane Database Syst Rev Hughes et al (2004) Cochrane Database Syst Rev Gonzales et al (2006) JAMA and Jorenby et al (2006) JAMA

195

146

115

86

164

88

239

118

171

91

200

102 94

225

gt 6 Month Quit Rates

31

32

Long WSJ May 3 2011 LeSage American Association of Pharmaceutical Scientists Journal 2006

NicVax 2006

33

NicVax 2013

Genetic Engineering amp Biotechnology News July 19 2011 Hartmann-Boyce Cochrane Database Sys Rev 2012

3 Cannabis Basics

34

35

StreetDrugscom 35

Enwikipediaorg 35

ldquoWhy drink and drive when you can smoke and flyrdquo

ldquoIf we all had a bong wersquod all get alongrdquo

36

bull Mild euphoria and relaxation bull The giggles bull Increased sensitivity to external stimuli Colors seem brighter Smells are more pungent

bull Distortion of time perception

Pleasurable Effects

37

The Molecular Structure

ApiFreebasecom 38

bull THC activates the CB1 and CB2 cannabinoid receptors CB1 has high density in cerebellum basal

ganglia hippocampus cerebral cortex CB1 has low density in the brainstem hence low

risk of respiratory depression CB2 is found in spleen hematopoietic cell lines

mast cells

bull Anandamide is the endogenous ligand

The Cannabinoid System

39

Routes of Administration

bull Smoked marijuana Reaches the brain in minutes Effects last 1 - 3 hours Delivers a lot of THC into the bloodstream

bull Eating or drinking marijuana Takes frac12 - 1 hour to have an effect Effects last up to 4 hours Delivers significantly less THC into the bloodstream

40

Biphasic Distribution

Heather British Journal of Psychiatry 2001

41

41

bull Casual use Up to 10 days in urine 50 positive in hair samples

bull Heavy use Up to 30 days in urine 85 positive in hair samples

bull Weight loss gives serial UTox spike bull Dronabinol gives positive test bull Passive inhalation gives negative test

Toxicology Testing

42

Cannabis Potency

NSDUH TEDS National Seizure System

43

If drunk ndash you run the RED lights If stoned ndash you stop at the GREEN lights

Cannabis Intoxication

44

bull Irritability and restlessness bull Aggression bull Insomnia bull Appetite decrease bull Withdrawal syndrome is not As painful as heroin withdrawal As dangerous as alcohol withdrawal or As long-lasting as cocaine withdrawal

bull No indication for treatment

Cannabis Withdrawal

45

Neurocognitive Decline ndash 8 IQ points

Meier PNAS 2012

46

46

Tobacco 32

Heroin 23

Cocaine 17

Alcohol 15

Sedatives 9

Cannabis 9

Addictive Potential

47

Anthony Exp Clin Psychopharmacol 1994

4 Cannabis Treatments

48

49

V CBT CBT + V

V CBT CBT + V

Wee

ks of

Con

tinuo

us A

bstin

ence

3 Month Abstinence Rate

69

35 (a)

53 17 20

43 (bc)

(a) V vs CBT comparison p lt 05 (b) CBT+V vs CBT comparison p lt 05 (c) CBT+V vs V comparison p lt 05

Vouchers and CBT

Budney J Consult Clinical Psychology 2006 slide courtesy of Dr Frances Levin

50

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 0

01

02

03

04

05

06

07

08

09

1

Ret

entio

n Pr

obab

ility

Log Rank Wilcoxon P= 00249 Time to drop

Placebo

Marinol

Week

Dronabinol

Levin Drug Alcohol Depend 2011 slide courtesy of Dr Frances Levin

5 Cannabis

Special Topics 51

The Schizophrenia-Marijuana Link

Caspi Biol Psychiatry 2005

52

Adolescence

MonitoringTheFutureorg

53

bull Therapeutic potential for Pain (cancer multiple sclerosis) Nausea (cancer) Loss of appetite (HIVAIDS) Increased occular pressure (glaucoma)

bull Savitex reg (available only in UK and Canada) is a mouth spray Plant-derived THC ndash 50 Cannabidiol ndash 50

Medical Marijuana

54

55 55

Enwikipediaorg

Synthetic Cannabinoids

Enwikipediaorg 56

Cannabidiol

57

Morgan British Journal of Psychiatry 2008

6 Summary

58

1 Smoking rates are 40 to 70 among those with mental illness 2 to 3 times that of the general population

2 Marijuana is addictive but not as addictive as tobacco heroin cocaine or alcohol

3 Psychotherapy works well for both tobacco and cannabis addiction

4 Pharmacotherapy is proven to be effective for addiction to tobacco but not cannabis

59

Thank you

60

  • TOBACCO and CANNABIS
  • Slide Number 2
  • Slide Number 3
  • Slide Number 4
  • Slide Number 5
  • Slide Number 6
  • Slide Number 7
  • Slide Number 8
  • Slide Number 9
  • Slide Number 10
  • Slide Number 11
  • Slide Number 12
  • Slide Number 13
  • Slide Number 14
  • Slide Number 15
  • Slide Number 16
  • Slide Number 17
  • Slide Number 18
  • Slide Number 19
  • Slide Number 20
  • Slide Number 21
  • Slide Number 22
  • Slide Number 23
  • Slide Number 24
  • Slide Number 25
  • Slide Number 26
  • Slide Number 27
  • Slide Number 28
  • Slide Number 29
  • Slide Number 30
  • Slide Number 31
  • Slide Number 32
  • Slide Number 33
  • Slide Number 34
  • Slide Number 35
  • Slide Number 36
  • Pleasurable Effects
  • Slide Number 38
  • The Cannabinoid System
  • Slide Number 40
  • Biphasic Distribution
  • Toxicology Testing
  • Slide Number 43
  • Cannabis Intoxication
  • Cannabis Withdrawal
  • Neurocognitive Decline ndash 8 IQ points
  • Addictive Potential
  • Slide Number 48
  • Vouchers and CBT
  • Dronabinol
  • Slide Number 51
  • The Schizophrenia-Marijuana Link
  • Adolescence
  • Medical Marijuana
  • Slide Number 55
  • Slide Number 56
  • Cannabidiol
  • Slide Number 58
  • Slide Number 59
  • Thank you

Caffeine Clozapine

Olanzapine Haloperidol

Chlorpromazine Fluvoxamine

Tacrine Theophyline

Drugs that may have a decreased effect due to induction of CYP1A2 by tobacco smoke

Smoking cessation may reverse the effect

Drug Interactions 1

11

Slide courtesy of Judith J Prochaska PhD MPH - University of California San Francisco

Drug Interactions 2

Smokers who use oral combined contraceptives (estrogen and progestin) have an increased risk of serious cardiovascular adverse effects including

Stroke Myocardial infarction Thromboembolism

Experts do not recommend oral contraceptives for women who are

Over 35 and Heavy (gt15 cigarettes per day) smokers

12

Slide courtesy of Judith J Prochaska PhD MPH - University of California San Francisco

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

AIDS Obesity Alcohol Motor Homicide Drug Suicide Smoking Vehicle Induced

Individuals with mental illness or substance use

disorders

Causes of Annual Deaths in the US

13 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention NHIS 2007 slide courtesy of Judith J Prochaska PhD MPH - University of California San Francisco

Laser National Comorbidity Survey 1991-1992 JAMA 2000 slide courtesy of Judith J Prochaska PhD ndash UCSF

225

348

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

None History

Panic Disorder

PTSD

GAD

Dysthymia

Major Depression

Bipolar Disorder

Nonaffect Psychosis

ASPD

Alcohol AbuseDep

Drug abusedep

410 Overall

Active

Psychiatric History

14

2 Tobacco Treatments

15

1 Physician advice

2 Individual counseling

3 Telephone counseling

4 Group programs

5 Aversion therapy

6 Hypnotherapy

7 NRT bupropion varenicline nortriptyline clonidine

Evidence-Based Practices

16

1 SSRIs and SNRI

2 Anxiolytics benzodiazepines buspirone

3 Homeopathic treatments

4 Herbal supplements

5 Massage Therapy

6 Acupuncture

7 Nicotine Anonymous

Practices Lacking Evidence-Base

17

0

10

20

30

No clinician Self-helpmaterial

Nonphysicianclinician

Physicianclinician

Type of Clinician

Est

ima

ted

ab

stin

en

ce a

t 5

+ m

on

ths

10 11 17

22 n = 29 studies

Fiore Treating Tobacco Use and Dependence 2008 Update Clinical Practice Guideline 2008 slide courtesy of Judith J Prochaska PhD MPH - University of California San Francisco

Compared to patients who receive no assistance from a clinician patients who receive assistance are 17ndash22 times as likely to quit successfully for 5 or more months

Clinician Interventions

18

Nicotine Replacement

Therapy 19

1 Patients with underlying CVD Recent MI (within past 2 weeks) Serious arrhythmias Serious or worsening angina

2 Patients under 18 years of age

3 Pregnant women

General Precautions

20

1 Patch provides consistent nicotine levels

2 Patch is easy to use and conceal

3 Gumlozengeinhalerspray can titrate therapy to manage withdrawal and may satisfy oral cravings

4 Inhaler mimics hand-to-mouth ritual of smoking

5 Spray is most rapidly absorbed form of nicotine replacement

Advantages

21

1 Allergic reactions to patch adhesive

2 Vivid or disturbing dreams with nocturnal patch use

3 Gum may be socially unacceptable and difficult to use with dentures

4 Patients with underlying bronchospastic disease must use inhaler with caution

5 Spray may be addictive and patients must wait 5 min before driving

Disadvantages

22

Park between cheek amp gum

Stop chewing at first sign of peppery taste or tingling sensation

Chew slowly

Chew again when peppery taste or tingle fades

Do not eat or drink 15 min before or

after use

Gum Chewing Technique

23

Slide courtesy of Judith J Prochaska PhD MPH - University of California San Francisco

Bupropion

24

1 Easy to use

2 Can be used with NRT or varenicline

3 May delay cessation-related weight gain

4 May be beneficial in patients with coexisting depression

Advantages

25

1 Common side effects Dry mouth

Anxiety

Insomnia (avoid bedtime dosing)

2 Should be avoided in patients with an increased risk for seizures

Disadvantages

26

Varenicline

27

1 Oral formulation with twice-a-day dosing

2 Offers a new mechanism of action for persons who previously failed using other medications

3 Early industry-sponsored trials suggest this agent is superior to bupropion SR

Advantages

28

1 Common side effects Nausea (in up to 33 of patients)

Sleep disturbances (insomnia abnormal dreams)

Constipation

Flatulence

Vomiting

2 Psychiatric Risks

3 Cardiovascular Risks

Disadvantages

29

ldquoStimulated Reportingrdquo

Gunnell BMJ 2009

30

Data adapted from Silagy et al (2004) Cochrane Database Syst Rev Hughes et al (2004) Cochrane Database Syst Rev Gonzales et al (2006) JAMA and Jorenby et al (2006) JAMA

195

146

115

86

164

88

239

118

171

91

200

102 94

225

gt 6 Month Quit Rates

31

32

Long WSJ May 3 2011 LeSage American Association of Pharmaceutical Scientists Journal 2006

NicVax 2006

33

NicVax 2013

Genetic Engineering amp Biotechnology News July 19 2011 Hartmann-Boyce Cochrane Database Sys Rev 2012

3 Cannabis Basics

34

35

StreetDrugscom 35

Enwikipediaorg 35

ldquoWhy drink and drive when you can smoke and flyrdquo

ldquoIf we all had a bong wersquod all get alongrdquo

36

bull Mild euphoria and relaxation bull The giggles bull Increased sensitivity to external stimuli Colors seem brighter Smells are more pungent

bull Distortion of time perception

Pleasurable Effects

37

The Molecular Structure

ApiFreebasecom 38

bull THC activates the CB1 and CB2 cannabinoid receptors CB1 has high density in cerebellum basal

ganglia hippocampus cerebral cortex CB1 has low density in the brainstem hence low

risk of respiratory depression CB2 is found in spleen hematopoietic cell lines

mast cells

bull Anandamide is the endogenous ligand

The Cannabinoid System

39

Routes of Administration

bull Smoked marijuana Reaches the brain in minutes Effects last 1 - 3 hours Delivers a lot of THC into the bloodstream

bull Eating or drinking marijuana Takes frac12 - 1 hour to have an effect Effects last up to 4 hours Delivers significantly less THC into the bloodstream

40

Biphasic Distribution

Heather British Journal of Psychiatry 2001

41

41

bull Casual use Up to 10 days in urine 50 positive in hair samples

bull Heavy use Up to 30 days in urine 85 positive in hair samples

bull Weight loss gives serial UTox spike bull Dronabinol gives positive test bull Passive inhalation gives negative test

Toxicology Testing

42

Cannabis Potency

NSDUH TEDS National Seizure System

43

If drunk ndash you run the RED lights If stoned ndash you stop at the GREEN lights

Cannabis Intoxication

44

bull Irritability and restlessness bull Aggression bull Insomnia bull Appetite decrease bull Withdrawal syndrome is not As painful as heroin withdrawal As dangerous as alcohol withdrawal or As long-lasting as cocaine withdrawal

bull No indication for treatment

Cannabis Withdrawal

45

Neurocognitive Decline ndash 8 IQ points

Meier PNAS 2012

46

46

Tobacco 32

Heroin 23

Cocaine 17

Alcohol 15

Sedatives 9

Cannabis 9

Addictive Potential

47

Anthony Exp Clin Psychopharmacol 1994

4 Cannabis Treatments

48

49

V CBT CBT + V

V CBT CBT + V

Wee

ks of

Con

tinuo

us A

bstin

ence

3 Month Abstinence Rate

69

35 (a)

53 17 20

43 (bc)

(a) V vs CBT comparison p lt 05 (b) CBT+V vs CBT comparison p lt 05 (c) CBT+V vs V comparison p lt 05

Vouchers and CBT

Budney J Consult Clinical Psychology 2006 slide courtesy of Dr Frances Levin

50

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 0

01

02

03

04

05

06

07

08

09

1

Ret

entio

n Pr

obab

ility

Log Rank Wilcoxon P= 00249 Time to drop

Placebo

Marinol

Week

Dronabinol

Levin Drug Alcohol Depend 2011 slide courtesy of Dr Frances Levin

5 Cannabis

Special Topics 51

The Schizophrenia-Marijuana Link

Caspi Biol Psychiatry 2005

52

Adolescence

MonitoringTheFutureorg

53

bull Therapeutic potential for Pain (cancer multiple sclerosis) Nausea (cancer) Loss of appetite (HIVAIDS) Increased occular pressure (glaucoma)

bull Savitex reg (available only in UK and Canada) is a mouth spray Plant-derived THC ndash 50 Cannabidiol ndash 50

Medical Marijuana

54

55 55

Enwikipediaorg

Synthetic Cannabinoids

Enwikipediaorg 56

Cannabidiol

57

Morgan British Journal of Psychiatry 2008

6 Summary

58

1 Smoking rates are 40 to 70 among those with mental illness 2 to 3 times that of the general population

2 Marijuana is addictive but not as addictive as tobacco heroin cocaine or alcohol

3 Psychotherapy works well for both tobacco and cannabis addiction

4 Pharmacotherapy is proven to be effective for addiction to tobacco but not cannabis

59

Thank you

60

  • TOBACCO and CANNABIS
  • Slide Number 2
  • Slide Number 3
  • Slide Number 4
  • Slide Number 5
  • Slide Number 6
  • Slide Number 7
  • Slide Number 8
  • Slide Number 9
  • Slide Number 10
  • Slide Number 11
  • Slide Number 12
  • Slide Number 13
  • Slide Number 14
  • Slide Number 15
  • Slide Number 16
  • Slide Number 17
  • Slide Number 18
  • Slide Number 19
  • Slide Number 20
  • Slide Number 21
  • Slide Number 22
  • Slide Number 23
  • Slide Number 24
  • Slide Number 25
  • Slide Number 26
  • Slide Number 27
  • Slide Number 28
  • Slide Number 29
  • Slide Number 30
  • Slide Number 31
  • Slide Number 32
  • Slide Number 33
  • Slide Number 34
  • Slide Number 35
  • Slide Number 36
  • Pleasurable Effects
  • Slide Number 38
  • The Cannabinoid System
  • Slide Number 40
  • Biphasic Distribution
  • Toxicology Testing
  • Slide Number 43
  • Cannabis Intoxication
  • Cannabis Withdrawal
  • Neurocognitive Decline ndash 8 IQ points
  • Addictive Potential
  • Slide Number 48
  • Vouchers and CBT
  • Dronabinol
  • Slide Number 51
  • The Schizophrenia-Marijuana Link
  • Adolescence
  • Medical Marijuana
  • Slide Number 55
  • Slide Number 56
  • Cannabidiol
  • Slide Number 58
  • Slide Number 59
  • Thank you

Drug Interactions 2

Smokers who use oral combined contraceptives (estrogen and progestin) have an increased risk of serious cardiovascular adverse effects including

Stroke Myocardial infarction Thromboembolism

Experts do not recommend oral contraceptives for women who are

Over 35 and Heavy (gt15 cigarettes per day) smokers

12

Slide courtesy of Judith J Prochaska PhD MPH - University of California San Francisco

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

AIDS Obesity Alcohol Motor Homicide Drug Suicide Smoking Vehicle Induced

Individuals with mental illness or substance use

disorders

Causes of Annual Deaths in the US

13 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention NHIS 2007 slide courtesy of Judith J Prochaska PhD MPH - University of California San Francisco

Laser National Comorbidity Survey 1991-1992 JAMA 2000 slide courtesy of Judith J Prochaska PhD ndash UCSF

225

348

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

None History

Panic Disorder

PTSD

GAD

Dysthymia

Major Depression

Bipolar Disorder

Nonaffect Psychosis

ASPD

Alcohol AbuseDep

Drug abusedep

410 Overall

Active

Psychiatric History

14

2 Tobacco Treatments

15

1 Physician advice

2 Individual counseling

3 Telephone counseling

4 Group programs

5 Aversion therapy

6 Hypnotherapy

7 NRT bupropion varenicline nortriptyline clonidine

Evidence-Based Practices

16

1 SSRIs and SNRI

2 Anxiolytics benzodiazepines buspirone

3 Homeopathic treatments

4 Herbal supplements

5 Massage Therapy

6 Acupuncture

7 Nicotine Anonymous

Practices Lacking Evidence-Base

17

0

10

20

30

No clinician Self-helpmaterial

Nonphysicianclinician

Physicianclinician

Type of Clinician

Est

ima

ted

ab

stin

en

ce a

t 5

+ m

on

ths

10 11 17

22 n = 29 studies

Fiore Treating Tobacco Use and Dependence 2008 Update Clinical Practice Guideline 2008 slide courtesy of Judith J Prochaska PhD MPH - University of California San Francisco

Compared to patients who receive no assistance from a clinician patients who receive assistance are 17ndash22 times as likely to quit successfully for 5 or more months

Clinician Interventions

18

Nicotine Replacement

Therapy 19

1 Patients with underlying CVD Recent MI (within past 2 weeks) Serious arrhythmias Serious or worsening angina

2 Patients under 18 years of age

3 Pregnant women

General Precautions

20

1 Patch provides consistent nicotine levels

2 Patch is easy to use and conceal

3 Gumlozengeinhalerspray can titrate therapy to manage withdrawal and may satisfy oral cravings

4 Inhaler mimics hand-to-mouth ritual of smoking

5 Spray is most rapidly absorbed form of nicotine replacement

Advantages

21

1 Allergic reactions to patch adhesive

2 Vivid or disturbing dreams with nocturnal patch use

3 Gum may be socially unacceptable and difficult to use with dentures

4 Patients with underlying bronchospastic disease must use inhaler with caution

5 Spray may be addictive and patients must wait 5 min before driving

Disadvantages

22

Park between cheek amp gum

Stop chewing at first sign of peppery taste or tingling sensation

Chew slowly

Chew again when peppery taste or tingle fades

Do not eat or drink 15 min before or

after use

Gum Chewing Technique

23

Slide courtesy of Judith J Prochaska PhD MPH - University of California San Francisco

Bupropion

24

1 Easy to use

2 Can be used with NRT or varenicline

3 May delay cessation-related weight gain

4 May be beneficial in patients with coexisting depression

Advantages

25

1 Common side effects Dry mouth

Anxiety

Insomnia (avoid bedtime dosing)

2 Should be avoided in patients with an increased risk for seizures

Disadvantages

26

Varenicline

27

1 Oral formulation with twice-a-day dosing

2 Offers a new mechanism of action for persons who previously failed using other medications

3 Early industry-sponsored trials suggest this agent is superior to bupropion SR

Advantages

28

1 Common side effects Nausea (in up to 33 of patients)

Sleep disturbances (insomnia abnormal dreams)

Constipation

Flatulence

Vomiting

2 Psychiatric Risks

3 Cardiovascular Risks

Disadvantages

29

ldquoStimulated Reportingrdquo

Gunnell BMJ 2009

30

Data adapted from Silagy et al (2004) Cochrane Database Syst Rev Hughes et al (2004) Cochrane Database Syst Rev Gonzales et al (2006) JAMA and Jorenby et al (2006) JAMA

195

146

115

86

164

88

239

118

171

91

200

102 94

225

gt 6 Month Quit Rates

31

32

Long WSJ May 3 2011 LeSage American Association of Pharmaceutical Scientists Journal 2006

NicVax 2006

33

NicVax 2013

Genetic Engineering amp Biotechnology News July 19 2011 Hartmann-Boyce Cochrane Database Sys Rev 2012

3 Cannabis Basics

34

35

StreetDrugscom 35

Enwikipediaorg 35

ldquoWhy drink and drive when you can smoke and flyrdquo

ldquoIf we all had a bong wersquod all get alongrdquo

36

bull Mild euphoria and relaxation bull The giggles bull Increased sensitivity to external stimuli Colors seem brighter Smells are more pungent

bull Distortion of time perception

Pleasurable Effects

37

The Molecular Structure

ApiFreebasecom 38

bull THC activates the CB1 and CB2 cannabinoid receptors CB1 has high density in cerebellum basal

ganglia hippocampus cerebral cortex CB1 has low density in the brainstem hence low

risk of respiratory depression CB2 is found in spleen hematopoietic cell lines

mast cells

bull Anandamide is the endogenous ligand

The Cannabinoid System

39

Routes of Administration

bull Smoked marijuana Reaches the brain in minutes Effects last 1 - 3 hours Delivers a lot of THC into the bloodstream

bull Eating or drinking marijuana Takes frac12 - 1 hour to have an effect Effects last up to 4 hours Delivers significantly less THC into the bloodstream

40

Biphasic Distribution

Heather British Journal of Psychiatry 2001

41

41

bull Casual use Up to 10 days in urine 50 positive in hair samples

bull Heavy use Up to 30 days in urine 85 positive in hair samples

bull Weight loss gives serial UTox spike bull Dronabinol gives positive test bull Passive inhalation gives negative test

Toxicology Testing

42

Cannabis Potency

NSDUH TEDS National Seizure System

43

If drunk ndash you run the RED lights If stoned ndash you stop at the GREEN lights

Cannabis Intoxication

44

bull Irritability and restlessness bull Aggression bull Insomnia bull Appetite decrease bull Withdrawal syndrome is not As painful as heroin withdrawal As dangerous as alcohol withdrawal or As long-lasting as cocaine withdrawal

bull No indication for treatment

Cannabis Withdrawal

45

Neurocognitive Decline ndash 8 IQ points

Meier PNAS 2012

46

46

Tobacco 32

Heroin 23

Cocaine 17

Alcohol 15

Sedatives 9

Cannabis 9

Addictive Potential

47

Anthony Exp Clin Psychopharmacol 1994

4 Cannabis Treatments

48

49

V CBT CBT + V

V CBT CBT + V

Wee

ks of

Con

tinuo

us A

bstin

ence

3 Month Abstinence Rate

69

35 (a)

53 17 20

43 (bc)

(a) V vs CBT comparison p lt 05 (b) CBT+V vs CBT comparison p lt 05 (c) CBT+V vs V comparison p lt 05

Vouchers and CBT

Budney J Consult Clinical Psychology 2006 slide courtesy of Dr Frances Levin

50

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 0

01

02

03

04

05

06

07

08

09

1

Ret

entio

n Pr

obab

ility

Log Rank Wilcoxon P= 00249 Time to drop

Placebo

Marinol

Week

Dronabinol

Levin Drug Alcohol Depend 2011 slide courtesy of Dr Frances Levin

5 Cannabis

Special Topics 51

The Schizophrenia-Marijuana Link

Caspi Biol Psychiatry 2005

52

Adolescence

MonitoringTheFutureorg

53

bull Therapeutic potential for Pain (cancer multiple sclerosis) Nausea (cancer) Loss of appetite (HIVAIDS) Increased occular pressure (glaucoma)

bull Savitex reg (available only in UK and Canada) is a mouth spray Plant-derived THC ndash 50 Cannabidiol ndash 50

Medical Marijuana

54

55 55

Enwikipediaorg

Synthetic Cannabinoids

Enwikipediaorg 56

Cannabidiol

57

Morgan British Journal of Psychiatry 2008

6 Summary

58

1 Smoking rates are 40 to 70 among those with mental illness 2 to 3 times that of the general population

2 Marijuana is addictive but not as addictive as tobacco heroin cocaine or alcohol

3 Psychotherapy works well for both tobacco and cannabis addiction

4 Pharmacotherapy is proven to be effective for addiction to tobacco but not cannabis

59

Thank you

60

  • TOBACCO and CANNABIS
  • Slide Number 2
  • Slide Number 3
  • Slide Number 4
  • Slide Number 5
  • Slide Number 6
  • Slide Number 7
  • Slide Number 8
  • Slide Number 9
  • Slide Number 10
  • Slide Number 11
  • Slide Number 12
  • Slide Number 13
  • Slide Number 14
  • Slide Number 15
  • Slide Number 16
  • Slide Number 17
  • Slide Number 18
  • Slide Number 19
  • Slide Number 20
  • Slide Number 21
  • Slide Number 22
  • Slide Number 23
  • Slide Number 24
  • Slide Number 25
  • Slide Number 26
  • Slide Number 27
  • Slide Number 28
  • Slide Number 29
  • Slide Number 30
  • Slide Number 31
  • Slide Number 32
  • Slide Number 33
  • Slide Number 34
  • Slide Number 35
  • Slide Number 36
  • Pleasurable Effects
  • Slide Number 38
  • The Cannabinoid System
  • Slide Number 40
  • Biphasic Distribution
  • Toxicology Testing
  • Slide Number 43
  • Cannabis Intoxication
  • Cannabis Withdrawal
  • Neurocognitive Decline ndash 8 IQ points
  • Addictive Potential
  • Slide Number 48
  • Vouchers and CBT
  • Dronabinol
  • Slide Number 51
  • The Schizophrenia-Marijuana Link
  • Adolescence
  • Medical Marijuana
  • Slide Number 55
  • Slide Number 56
  • Cannabidiol
  • Slide Number 58
  • Slide Number 59
  • Thank you

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

AIDS Obesity Alcohol Motor Homicide Drug Suicide Smoking Vehicle Induced

Individuals with mental illness or substance use

disorders

Causes of Annual Deaths in the US

13 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention NHIS 2007 slide courtesy of Judith J Prochaska PhD MPH - University of California San Francisco

Laser National Comorbidity Survey 1991-1992 JAMA 2000 slide courtesy of Judith J Prochaska PhD ndash UCSF

225

348

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

None History

Panic Disorder

PTSD

GAD

Dysthymia

Major Depression

Bipolar Disorder

Nonaffect Psychosis

ASPD

Alcohol AbuseDep

Drug abusedep

410 Overall

Active

Psychiatric History

14

2 Tobacco Treatments

15

1 Physician advice

2 Individual counseling

3 Telephone counseling

4 Group programs

5 Aversion therapy

6 Hypnotherapy

7 NRT bupropion varenicline nortriptyline clonidine

Evidence-Based Practices

16

1 SSRIs and SNRI

2 Anxiolytics benzodiazepines buspirone

3 Homeopathic treatments

4 Herbal supplements

5 Massage Therapy

6 Acupuncture

7 Nicotine Anonymous

Practices Lacking Evidence-Base

17

0

10

20

30

No clinician Self-helpmaterial

Nonphysicianclinician

Physicianclinician

Type of Clinician

Est

ima

ted

ab

stin

en

ce a

t 5

+ m

on

ths

10 11 17

22 n = 29 studies

Fiore Treating Tobacco Use and Dependence 2008 Update Clinical Practice Guideline 2008 slide courtesy of Judith J Prochaska PhD MPH - University of California San Francisco

Compared to patients who receive no assistance from a clinician patients who receive assistance are 17ndash22 times as likely to quit successfully for 5 or more months

Clinician Interventions

18

Nicotine Replacement

Therapy 19

1 Patients with underlying CVD Recent MI (within past 2 weeks) Serious arrhythmias Serious or worsening angina

2 Patients under 18 years of age

3 Pregnant women

General Precautions

20

1 Patch provides consistent nicotine levels

2 Patch is easy to use and conceal

3 Gumlozengeinhalerspray can titrate therapy to manage withdrawal and may satisfy oral cravings

4 Inhaler mimics hand-to-mouth ritual of smoking

5 Spray is most rapidly absorbed form of nicotine replacement

Advantages

21

1 Allergic reactions to patch adhesive

2 Vivid or disturbing dreams with nocturnal patch use

3 Gum may be socially unacceptable and difficult to use with dentures

4 Patients with underlying bronchospastic disease must use inhaler with caution

5 Spray may be addictive and patients must wait 5 min before driving

Disadvantages

22

Park between cheek amp gum

Stop chewing at first sign of peppery taste or tingling sensation

Chew slowly

Chew again when peppery taste or tingle fades

Do not eat or drink 15 min before or

after use

Gum Chewing Technique

23

Slide courtesy of Judith J Prochaska PhD MPH - University of California San Francisco

Bupropion

24

1 Easy to use

2 Can be used with NRT or varenicline

3 May delay cessation-related weight gain

4 May be beneficial in patients with coexisting depression

Advantages

25

1 Common side effects Dry mouth

Anxiety

Insomnia (avoid bedtime dosing)

2 Should be avoided in patients with an increased risk for seizures

Disadvantages

26

Varenicline

27

1 Oral formulation with twice-a-day dosing

2 Offers a new mechanism of action for persons who previously failed using other medications

3 Early industry-sponsored trials suggest this agent is superior to bupropion SR

Advantages

28

1 Common side effects Nausea (in up to 33 of patients)

Sleep disturbances (insomnia abnormal dreams)

Constipation

Flatulence

Vomiting

2 Psychiatric Risks

3 Cardiovascular Risks

Disadvantages

29

ldquoStimulated Reportingrdquo

Gunnell BMJ 2009

30

Data adapted from Silagy et al (2004) Cochrane Database Syst Rev Hughes et al (2004) Cochrane Database Syst Rev Gonzales et al (2006) JAMA and Jorenby et al (2006) JAMA

195

146

115

86

164

88

239

118

171

91

200

102 94

225

gt 6 Month Quit Rates

31

32

Long WSJ May 3 2011 LeSage American Association of Pharmaceutical Scientists Journal 2006

NicVax 2006

33

NicVax 2013

Genetic Engineering amp Biotechnology News July 19 2011 Hartmann-Boyce Cochrane Database Sys Rev 2012

3 Cannabis Basics

34

35

StreetDrugscom 35

Enwikipediaorg 35

ldquoWhy drink and drive when you can smoke and flyrdquo

ldquoIf we all had a bong wersquod all get alongrdquo

36

bull Mild euphoria and relaxation bull The giggles bull Increased sensitivity to external stimuli Colors seem brighter Smells are more pungent

bull Distortion of time perception

Pleasurable Effects

37

The Molecular Structure

ApiFreebasecom 38

bull THC activates the CB1 and CB2 cannabinoid receptors CB1 has high density in cerebellum basal

ganglia hippocampus cerebral cortex CB1 has low density in the brainstem hence low

risk of respiratory depression CB2 is found in spleen hematopoietic cell lines

mast cells

bull Anandamide is the endogenous ligand

The Cannabinoid System

39

Routes of Administration

bull Smoked marijuana Reaches the brain in minutes Effects last 1 - 3 hours Delivers a lot of THC into the bloodstream

bull Eating or drinking marijuana Takes frac12 - 1 hour to have an effect Effects last up to 4 hours Delivers significantly less THC into the bloodstream

40

Biphasic Distribution

Heather British Journal of Psychiatry 2001

41

41

bull Casual use Up to 10 days in urine 50 positive in hair samples

bull Heavy use Up to 30 days in urine 85 positive in hair samples

bull Weight loss gives serial UTox spike bull Dronabinol gives positive test bull Passive inhalation gives negative test

Toxicology Testing

42

Cannabis Potency

NSDUH TEDS National Seizure System

43

If drunk ndash you run the RED lights If stoned ndash you stop at the GREEN lights

Cannabis Intoxication

44

bull Irritability and restlessness bull Aggression bull Insomnia bull Appetite decrease bull Withdrawal syndrome is not As painful as heroin withdrawal As dangerous as alcohol withdrawal or As long-lasting as cocaine withdrawal

bull No indication for treatment

Cannabis Withdrawal

45

Neurocognitive Decline ndash 8 IQ points

Meier PNAS 2012

46

46

Tobacco 32

Heroin 23

Cocaine 17

Alcohol 15

Sedatives 9

Cannabis 9

Addictive Potential

47

Anthony Exp Clin Psychopharmacol 1994

4 Cannabis Treatments

48

49

V CBT CBT + V

V CBT CBT + V

Wee

ks of

Con

tinuo

us A

bstin

ence

3 Month Abstinence Rate

69

35 (a)

53 17 20

43 (bc)

(a) V vs CBT comparison p lt 05 (b) CBT+V vs CBT comparison p lt 05 (c) CBT+V vs V comparison p lt 05

Vouchers and CBT

Budney J Consult Clinical Psychology 2006 slide courtesy of Dr Frances Levin

50

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 0

01

02

03

04

05

06

07

08

09

1

Ret

entio

n Pr

obab

ility

Log Rank Wilcoxon P= 00249 Time to drop

Placebo

Marinol

Week

Dronabinol

Levin Drug Alcohol Depend 2011 slide courtesy of Dr Frances Levin

5 Cannabis

Special Topics 51

The Schizophrenia-Marijuana Link

Caspi Biol Psychiatry 2005

52

Adolescence

MonitoringTheFutureorg

53

bull Therapeutic potential for Pain (cancer multiple sclerosis) Nausea (cancer) Loss of appetite (HIVAIDS) Increased occular pressure (glaucoma)

bull Savitex reg (available only in UK and Canada) is a mouth spray Plant-derived THC ndash 50 Cannabidiol ndash 50

Medical Marijuana

54

55 55

Enwikipediaorg

Synthetic Cannabinoids

Enwikipediaorg 56

Cannabidiol

57

Morgan British Journal of Psychiatry 2008

6 Summary

58

1 Smoking rates are 40 to 70 among those with mental illness 2 to 3 times that of the general population

2 Marijuana is addictive but not as addictive as tobacco heroin cocaine or alcohol

3 Psychotherapy works well for both tobacco and cannabis addiction

4 Pharmacotherapy is proven to be effective for addiction to tobacco but not cannabis

59

Thank you

60

  • TOBACCO and CANNABIS
  • Slide Number 2
  • Slide Number 3
  • Slide Number 4
  • Slide Number 5
  • Slide Number 6
  • Slide Number 7
  • Slide Number 8
  • Slide Number 9
  • Slide Number 10
  • Slide Number 11
  • Slide Number 12
  • Slide Number 13
  • Slide Number 14
  • Slide Number 15
  • Slide Number 16
  • Slide Number 17
  • Slide Number 18
  • Slide Number 19
  • Slide Number 20
  • Slide Number 21
  • Slide Number 22
  • Slide Number 23
  • Slide Number 24
  • Slide Number 25
  • Slide Number 26
  • Slide Number 27
  • Slide Number 28
  • Slide Number 29
  • Slide Number 30
  • Slide Number 31
  • Slide Number 32
  • Slide Number 33
  • Slide Number 34
  • Slide Number 35
  • Slide Number 36
  • Pleasurable Effects
  • Slide Number 38
  • The Cannabinoid System
  • Slide Number 40
  • Biphasic Distribution
  • Toxicology Testing
  • Slide Number 43
  • Cannabis Intoxication
  • Cannabis Withdrawal
  • Neurocognitive Decline ndash 8 IQ points
  • Addictive Potential
  • Slide Number 48
  • Vouchers and CBT
  • Dronabinol
  • Slide Number 51
  • The Schizophrenia-Marijuana Link
  • Adolescence
  • Medical Marijuana
  • Slide Number 55
  • Slide Number 56
  • Cannabidiol
  • Slide Number 58
  • Slide Number 59
  • Thank you

Laser National Comorbidity Survey 1991-1992 JAMA 2000 slide courtesy of Judith J Prochaska PhD ndash UCSF

225

348

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

None History

Panic Disorder

PTSD

GAD

Dysthymia

Major Depression

Bipolar Disorder

Nonaffect Psychosis

ASPD

Alcohol AbuseDep

Drug abusedep

410 Overall

Active

Psychiatric History

14

2 Tobacco Treatments

15

1 Physician advice

2 Individual counseling

3 Telephone counseling

4 Group programs

5 Aversion therapy

6 Hypnotherapy

7 NRT bupropion varenicline nortriptyline clonidine

Evidence-Based Practices

16

1 SSRIs and SNRI

2 Anxiolytics benzodiazepines buspirone

3 Homeopathic treatments

4 Herbal supplements

5 Massage Therapy

6 Acupuncture

7 Nicotine Anonymous

Practices Lacking Evidence-Base

17

0

10

20

30

No clinician Self-helpmaterial

Nonphysicianclinician

Physicianclinician

Type of Clinician

Est

ima

ted

ab

stin

en

ce a

t 5

+ m

on

ths

10 11 17

22 n = 29 studies

Fiore Treating Tobacco Use and Dependence 2008 Update Clinical Practice Guideline 2008 slide courtesy of Judith J Prochaska PhD MPH - University of California San Francisco

Compared to patients who receive no assistance from a clinician patients who receive assistance are 17ndash22 times as likely to quit successfully for 5 or more months

Clinician Interventions

18

Nicotine Replacement

Therapy 19

1 Patients with underlying CVD Recent MI (within past 2 weeks) Serious arrhythmias Serious or worsening angina

2 Patients under 18 years of age

3 Pregnant women

General Precautions

20

1 Patch provides consistent nicotine levels

2 Patch is easy to use and conceal

3 Gumlozengeinhalerspray can titrate therapy to manage withdrawal and may satisfy oral cravings

4 Inhaler mimics hand-to-mouth ritual of smoking

5 Spray is most rapidly absorbed form of nicotine replacement

Advantages

21

1 Allergic reactions to patch adhesive

2 Vivid or disturbing dreams with nocturnal patch use

3 Gum may be socially unacceptable and difficult to use with dentures

4 Patients with underlying bronchospastic disease must use inhaler with caution

5 Spray may be addictive and patients must wait 5 min before driving

Disadvantages

22

Park between cheek amp gum

Stop chewing at first sign of peppery taste or tingling sensation

Chew slowly

Chew again when peppery taste or tingle fades

Do not eat or drink 15 min before or

after use

Gum Chewing Technique

23

Slide courtesy of Judith J Prochaska PhD MPH - University of California San Francisco

Bupropion

24

1 Easy to use

2 Can be used with NRT or varenicline

3 May delay cessation-related weight gain

4 May be beneficial in patients with coexisting depression

Advantages

25

1 Common side effects Dry mouth

Anxiety

Insomnia (avoid bedtime dosing)

2 Should be avoided in patients with an increased risk for seizures

Disadvantages

26

Varenicline

27

1 Oral formulation with twice-a-day dosing

2 Offers a new mechanism of action for persons who previously failed using other medications

3 Early industry-sponsored trials suggest this agent is superior to bupropion SR

Advantages

28

1 Common side effects Nausea (in up to 33 of patients)

Sleep disturbances (insomnia abnormal dreams)

Constipation

Flatulence

Vomiting

2 Psychiatric Risks

3 Cardiovascular Risks

Disadvantages

29

ldquoStimulated Reportingrdquo

Gunnell BMJ 2009

30

Data adapted from Silagy et al (2004) Cochrane Database Syst Rev Hughes et al (2004) Cochrane Database Syst Rev Gonzales et al (2006) JAMA and Jorenby et al (2006) JAMA

195

146

115

86

164

88

239

118

171

91

200

102 94

225

gt 6 Month Quit Rates

31

32

Long WSJ May 3 2011 LeSage American Association of Pharmaceutical Scientists Journal 2006

NicVax 2006

33

NicVax 2013

Genetic Engineering amp Biotechnology News July 19 2011 Hartmann-Boyce Cochrane Database Sys Rev 2012

3 Cannabis Basics

34

35

StreetDrugscom 35

Enwikipediaorg 35

ldquoWhy drink and drive when you can smoke and flyrdquo

ldquoIf we all had a bong wersquod all get alongrdquo

36

bull Mild euphoria and relaxation bull The giggles bull Increased sensitivity to external stimuli Colors seem brighter Smells are more pungent

bull Distortion of time perception

Pleasurable Effects

37

The Molecular Structure

ApiFreebasecom 38

bull THC activates the CB1 and CB2 cannabinoid receptors CB1 has high density in cerebellum basal

ganglia hippocampus cerebral cortex CB1 has low density in the brainstem hence low

risk of respiratory depression CB2 is found in spleen hematopoietic cell lines

mast cells

bull Anandamide is the endogenous ligand

The Cannabinoid System

39

Routes of Administration

bull Smoked marijuana Reaches the brain in minutes Effects last 1 - 3 hours Delivers a lot of THC into the bloodstream

bull Eating or drinking marijuana Takes frac12 - 1 hour to have an effect Effects last up to 4 hours Delivers significantly less THC into the bloodstream

40

Biphasic Distribution

Heather British Journal of Psychiatry 2001

41

41

bull Casual use Up to 10 days in urine 50 positive in hair samples

bull Heavy use Up to 30 days in urine 85 positive in hair samples

bull Weight loss gives serial UTox spike bull Dronabinol gives positive test bull Passive inhalation gives negative test

Toxicology Testing

42

Cannabis Potency

NSDUH TEDS National Seizure System

43

If drunk ndash you run the RED lights If stoned ndash you stop at the GREEN lights

Cannabis Intoxication

44

bull Irritability and restlessness bull Aggression bull Insomnia bull Appetite decrease bull Withdrawal syndrome is not As painful as heroin withdrawal As dangerous as alcohol withdrawal or As long-lasting as cocaine withdrawal

bull No indication for treatment

Cannabis Withdrawal

45

Neurocognitive Decline ndash 8 IQ points

Meier PNAS 2012

46

46

Tobacco 32

Heroin 23

Cocaine 17

Alcohol 15

Sedatives 9

Cannabis 9

Addictive Potential

47

Anthony Exp Clin Psychopharmacol 1994

4 Cannabis Treatments

48

49

V CBT CBT + V

V CBT CBT + V

Wee

ks of

Con

tinuo

us A

bstin

ence

3 Month Abstinence Rate

69

35 (a)

53 17 20

43 (bc)

(a) V vs CBT comparison p lt 05 (b) CBT+V vs CBT comparison p lt 05 (c) CBT+V vs V comparison p lt 05

Vouchers and CBT

Budney J Consult Clinical Psychology 2006 slide courtesy of Dr Frances Levin

50

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 0

01

02

03

04

05

06

07

08

09

1

Ret

entio

n Pr

obab

ility

Log Rank Wilcoxon P= 00249 Time to drop

Placebo

Marinol

Week

Dronabinol

Levin Drug Alcohol Depend 2011 slide courtesy of Dr Frances Levin

5 Cannabis

Special Topics 51

The Schizophrenia-Marijuana Link

Caspi Biol Psychiatry 2005

52

Adolescence

MonitoringTheFutureorg

53

bull Therapeutic potential for Pain (cancer multiple sclerosis) Nausea (cancer) Loss of appetite (HIVAIDS) Increased occular pressure (glaucoma)

bull Savitex reg (available only in UK and Canada) is a mouth spray Plant-derived THC ndash 50 Cannabidiol ndash 50

Medical Marijuana

54

55 55

Enwikipediaorg

Synthetic Cannabinoids

Enwikipediaorg 56

Cannabidiol

57

Morgan British Journal of Psychiatry 2008

6 Summary

58

1 Smoking rates are 40 to 70 among those with mental illness 2 to 3 times that of the general population

2 Marijuana is addictive but not as addictive as tobacco heroin cocaine or alcohol

3 Psychotherapy works well for both tobacco and cannabis addiction

4 Pharmacotherapy is proven to be effective for addiction to tobacco but not cannabis

59

Thank you

60

  • TOBACCO and CANNABIS
  • Slide Number 2
  • Slide Number 3
  • Slide Number 4
  • Slide Number 5
  • Slide Number 6
  • Slide Number 7
  • Slide Number 8
  • Slide Number 9
  • Slide Number 10
  • Slide Number 11
  • Slide Number 12
  • Slide Number 13
  • Slide Number 14
  • Slide Number 15
  • Slide Number 16
  • Slide Number 17
  • Slide Number 18
  • Slide Number 19
  • Slide Number 20
  • Slide Number 21
  • Slide Number 22
  • Slide Number 23
  • Slide Number 24
  • Slide Number 25
  • Slide Number 26
  • Slide Number 27
  • Slide Number 28
  • Slide Number 29
  • Slide Number 30
  • Slide Number 31
  • Slide Number 32
  • Slide Number 33
  • Slide Number 34
  • Slide Number 35
  • Slide Number 36
  • Pleasurable Effects
  • Slide Number 38
  • The Cannabinoid System
  • Slide Number 40
  • Biphasic Distribution
  • Toxicology Testing
  • Slide Number 43
  • Cannabis Intoxication
  • Cannabis Withdrawal
  • Neurocognitive Decline ndash 8 IQ points
  • Addictive Potential
  • Slide Number 48
  • Vouchers and CBT
  • Dronabinol
  • Slide Number 51
  • The Schizophrenia-Marijuana Link
  • Adolescence
  • Medical Marijuana
  • Slide Number 55
  • Slide Number 56
  • Cannabidiol
  • Slide Number 58
  • Slide Number 59
  • Thank you

2 Tobacco Treatments

15

1 Physician advice

2 Individual counseling

3 Telephone counseling

4 Group programs

5 Aversion therapy

6 Hypnotherapy

7 NRT bupropion varenicline nortriptyline clonidine

Evidence-Based Practices

16

1 SSRIs and SNRI

2 Anxiolytics benzodiazepines buspirone

3 Homeopathic treatments

4 Herbal supplements

5 Massage Therapy

6 Acupuncture

7 Nicotine Anonymous

Practices Lacking Evidence-Base

17

0

10

20

30

No clinician Self-helpmaterial

Nonphysicianclinician

Physicianclinician

Type of Clinician

Est

ima

ted

ab

stin

en

ce a

t 5

+ m

on

ths

10 11 17

22 n = 29 studies

Fiore Treating Tobacco Use and Dependence 2008 Update Clinical Practice Guideline 2008 slide courtesy of Judith J Prochaska PhD MPH - University of California San Francisco

Compared to patients who receive no assistance from a clinician patients who receive assistance are 17ndash22 times as likely to quit successfully for 5 or more months

Clinician Interventions

18

Nicotine Replacement

Therapy 19

1 Patients with underlying CVD Recent MI (within past 2 weeks) Serious arrhythmias Serious or worsening angina

2 Patients under 18 years of age

3 Pregnant women

General Precautions

20

1 Patch provides consistent nicotine levels

2 Patch is easy to use and conceal

3 Gumlozengeinhalerspray can titrate therapy to manage withdrawal and may satisfy oral cravings

4 Inhaler mimics hand-to-mouth ritual of smoking

5 Spray is most rapidly absorbed form of nicotine replacement

Advantages

21

1 Allergic reactions to patch adhesive

2 Vivid or disturbing dreams with nocturnal patch use

3 Gum may be socially unacceptable and difficult to use with dentures

4 Patients with underlying bronchospastic disease must use inhaler with caution

5 Spray may be addictive and patients must wait 5 min before driving

Disadvantages

22

Park between cheek amp gum

Stop chewing at first sign of peppery taste or tingling sensation

Chew slowly

Chew again when peppery taste or tingle fades

Do not eat or drink 15 min before or

after use

Gum Chewing Technique

23

Slide courtesy of Judith J Prochaska PhD MPH - University of California San Francisco

Bupropion

24

1 Easy to use

2 Can be used with NRT or varenicline

3 May delay cessation-related weight gain

4 May be beneficial in patients with coexisting depression

Advantages

25

1 Common side effects Dry mouth

Anxiety

Insomnia (avoid bedtime dosing)

2 Should be avoided in patients with an increased risk for seizures

Disadvantages

26

Varenicline

27

1 Oral formulation with twice-a-day dosing

2 Offers a new mechanism of action for persons who previously failed using other medications

3 Early industry-sponsored trials suggest this agent is superior to bupropion SR

Advantages

28

1 Common side effects Nausea (in up to 33 of patients)

Sleep disturbances (insomnia abnormal dreams)

Constipation

Flatulence

Vomiting

2 Psychiatric Risks

3 Cardiovascular Risks

Disadvantages

29

ldquoStimulated Reportingrdquo

Gunnell BMJ 2009

30

Data adapted from Silagy et al (2004) Cochrane Database Syst Rev Hughes et al (2004) Cochrane Database Syst Rev Gonzales et al (2006) JAMA and Jorenby et al (2006) JAMA

195

146

115

86

164

88

239

118

171

91

200

102 94

225

gt 6 Month Quit Rates

31

32

Long WSJ May 3 2011 LeSage American Association of Pharmaceutical Scientists Journal 2006

NicVax 2006

33

NicVax 2013

Genetic Engineering amp Biotechnology News July 19 2011 Hartmann-Boyce Cochrane Database Sys Rev 2012

3 Cannabis Basics

34

35

StreetDrugscom 35

Enwikipediaorg 35

ldquoWhy drink and drive when you can smoke and flyrdquo

ldquoIf we all had a bong wersquod all get alongrdquo

36

bull Mild euphoria and relaxation bull The giggles bull Increased sensitivity to external stimuli Colors seem brighter Smells are more pungent

bull Distortion of time perception

Pleasurable Effects

37

The Molecular Structure

ApiFreebasecom 38

bull THC activates the CB1 and CB2 cannabinoid receptors CB1 has high density in cerebellum basal

ganglia hippocampus cerebral cortex CB1 has low density in the brainstem hence low

risk of respiratory depression CB2 is found in spleen hematopoietic cell lines

mast cells

bull Anandamide is the endogenous ligand

The Cannabinoid System

39

Routes of Administration

bull Smoked marijuana Reaches the brain in minutes Effects last 1 - 3 hours Delivers a lot of THC into the bloodstream

bull Eating or drinking marijuana Takes frac12 - 1 hour to have an effect Effects last up to 4 hours Delivers significantly less THC into the bloodstream

40

Biphasic Distribution

Heather British Journal of Psychiatry 2001

41

41

bull Casual use Up to 10 days in urine 50 positive in hair samples

bull Heavy use Up to 30 days in urine 85 positive in hair samples

bull Weight loss gives serial UTox spike bull Dronabinol gives positive test bull Passive inhalation gives negative test

Toxicology Testing

42

Cannabis Potency

NSDUH TEDS National Seizure System

43

If drunk ndash you run the RED lights If stoned ndash you stop at the GREEN lights

Cannabis Intoxication

44

bull Irritability and restlessness bull Aggression bull Insomnia bull Appetite decrease bull Withdrawal syndrome is not As painful as heroin withdrawal As dangerous as alcohol withdrawal or As long-lasting as cocaine withdrawal

bull No indication for treatment

Cannabis Withdrawal

45

Neurocognitive Decline ndash 8 IQ points

Meier PNAS 2012

46

46

Tobacco 32

Heroin 23

Cocaine 17

Alcohol 15

Sedatives 9

Cannabis 9

Addictive Potential

47

Anthony Exp Clin Psychopharmacol 1994

4 Cannabis Treatments

48

49

V CBT CBT + V

V CBT CBT + V

Wee

ks of

Con

tinuo

us A

bstin

ence

3 Month Abstinence Rate

69

35 (a)

53 17 20

43 (bc)

(a) V vs CBT comparison p lt 05 (b) CBT+V vs CBT comparison p lt 05 (c) CBT+V vs V comparison p lt 05

Vouchers and CBT

Budney J Consult Clinical Psychology 2006 slide courtesy of Dr Frances Levin

50

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 0

01

02

03

04

05

06

07

08

09

1

Ret

entio

n Pr

obab

ility

Log Rank Wilcoxon P= 00249 Time to drop

Placebo

Marinol

Week

Dronabinol

Levin Drug Alcohol Depend 2011 slide courtesy of Dr Frances Levin

5 Cannabis

Special Topics 51

The Schizophrenia-Marijuana Link

Caspi Biol Psychiatry 2005

52

Adolescence

MonitoringTheFutureorg

53

bull Therapeutic potential for Pain (cancer multiple sclerosis) Nausea (cancer) Loss of appetite (HIVAIDS) Increased occular pressure (glaucoma)

bull Savitex reg (available only in UK and Canada) is a mouth spray Plant-derived THC ndash 50 Cannabidiol ndash 50

Medical Marijuana

54

55 55

Enwikipediaorg

Synthetic Cannabinoids

Enwikipediaorg 56

Cannabidiol

57

Morgan British Journal of Psychiatry 2008

6 Summary

58

1 Smoking rates are 40 to 70 among those with mental illness 2 to 3 times that of the general population

2 Marijuana is addictive but not as addictive as tobacco heroin cocaine or alcohol

3 Psychotherapy works well for both tobacco and cannabis addiction

4 Pharmacotherapy is proven to be effective for addiction to tobacco but not cannabis

59

Thank you

60

  • TOBACCO and CANNABIS
  • Slide Number 2
  • Slide Number 3
  • Slide Number 4
  • Slide Number 5
  • Slide Number 6
  • Slide Number 7
  • Slide Number 8
  • Slide Number 9
  • Slide Number 10
  • Slide Number 11
  • Slide Number 12
  • Slide Number 13
  • Slide Number 14
  • Slide Number 15
  • Slide Number 16
  • Slide Number 17
  • Slide Number 18
  • Slide Number 19
  • Slide Number 20
  • Slide Number 21
  • Slide Number 22
  • Slide Number 23
  • Slide Number 24
  • Slide Number 25
  • Slide Number 26
  • Slide Number 27
  • Slide Number 28
  • Slide Number 29
  • Slide Number 30
  • Slide Number 31
  • Slide Number 32
  • Slide Number 33
  • Slide Number 34
  • Slide Number 35
  • Slide Number 36
  • Pleasurable Effects
  • Slide Number 38
  • The Cannabinoid System
  • Slide Number 40
  • Biphasic Distribution
  • Toxicology Testing
  • Slide Number 43
  • Cannabis Intoxication
  • Cannabis Withdrawal
  • Neurocognitive Decline ndash 8 IQ points
  • Addictive Potential
  • Slide Number 48
  • Vouchers and CBT
  • Dronabinol
  • Slide Number 51
  • The Schizophrenia-Marijuana Link
  • Adolescence
  • Medical Marijuana
  • Slide Number 55
  • Slide Number 56
  • Cannabidiol
  • Slide Number 58
  • Slide Number 59
  • Thank you

1 Physician advice

2 Individual counseling

3 Telephone counseling

4 Group programs

5 Aversion therapy

6 Hypnotherapy

7 NRT bupropion varenicline nortriptyline clonidine

Evidence-Based Practices

16

1 SSRIs and SNRI

2 Anxiolytics benzodiazepines buspirone

3 Homeopathic treatments

4 Herbal supplements

5 Massage Therapy

6 Acupuncture

7 Nicotine Anonymous

Practices Lacking Evidence-Base

17

0

10

20

30

No clinician Self-helpmaterial

Nonphysicianclinician

Physicianclinician

Type of Clinician

Est

ima

ted

ab

stin

en

ce a

t 5

+ m

on

ths

10 11 17

22 n = 29 studies

Fiore Treating Tobacco Use and Dependence 2008 Update Clinical Practice Guideline 2008 slide courtesy of Judith J Prochaska PhD MPH - University of California San Francisco

Compared to patients who receive no assistance from a clinician patients who receive assistance are 17ndash22 times as likely to quit successfully for 5 or more months

Clinician Interventions

18

Nicotine Replacement

Therapy 19

1 Patients with underlying CVD Recent MI (within past 2 weeks) Serious arrhythmias Serious or worsening angina

2 Patients under 18 years of age

3 Pregnant women

General Precautions

20

1 Patch provides consistent nicotine levels

2 Patch is easy to use and conceal

3 Gumlozengeinhalerspray can titrate therapy to manage withdrawal and may satisfy oral cravings

4 Inhaler mimics hand-to-mouth ritual of smoking

5 Spray is most rapidly absorbed form of nicotine replacement

Advantages

21

1 Allergic reactions to patch adhesive

2 Vivid or disturbing dreams with nocturnal patch use

3 Gum may be socially unacceptable and difficult to use with dentures

4 Patients with underlying bronchospastic disease must use inhaler with caution

5 Spray may be addictive and patients must wait 5 min before driving

Disadvantages

22

Park between cheek amp gum

Stop chewing at first sign of peppery taste or tingling sensation

Chew slowly

Chew again when peppery taste or tingle fades

Do not eat or drink 15 min before or

after use

Gum Chewing Technique

23

Slide courtesy of Judith J Prochaska PhD MPH - University of California San Francisco

Bupropion

24

1 Easy to use

2 Can be used with NRT or varenicline

3 May delay cessation-related weight gain

4 May be beneficial in patients with coexisting depression

Advantages

25

1 Common side effects Dry mouth

Anxiety

Insomnia (avoid bedtime dosing)

2 Should be avoided in patients with an increased risk for seizures

Disadvantages

26

Varenicline

27

1 Oral formulation with twice-a-day dosing

2 Offers a new mechanism of action for persons who previously failed using other medications

3 Early industry-sponsored trials suggest this agent is superior to bupropion SR

Advantages

28

1 Common side effects Nausea (in up to 33 of patients)

Sleep disturbances (insomnia abnormal dreams)

Constipation

Flatulence

Vomiting

2 Psychiatric Risks

3 Cardiovascular Risks

Disadvantages

29

ldquoStimulated Reportingrdquo

Gunnell BMJ 2009

30

Data adapted from Silagy et al (2004) Cochrane Database Syst Rev Hughes et al (2004) Cochrane Database Syst Rev Gonzales et al (2006) JAMA and Jorenby et al (2006) JAMA

195

146

115

86

164

88

239

118

171

91

200

102 94

225

gt 6 Month Quit Rates

31

32

Long WSJ May 3 2011 LeSage American Association of Pharmaceutical Scientists Journal 2006

NicVax 2006

33

NicVax 2013

Genetic Engineering amp Biotechnology News July 19 2011 Hartmann-Boyce Cochrane Database Sys Rev 2012

3 Cannabis Basics

34

35

StreetDrugscom 35

Enwikipediaorg 35

ldquoWhy drink and drive when you can smoke and flyrdquo

ldquoIf we all had a bong wersquod all get alongrdquo

36

bull Mild euphoria and relaxation bull The giggles bull Increased sensitivity to external stimuli Colors seem brighter Smells are more pungent

bull Distortion of time perception

Pleasurable Effects

37

The Molecular Structure

ApiFreebasecom 38

bull THC activates the CB1 and CB2 cannabinoid receptors CB1 has high density in cerebellum basal

ganglia hippocampus cerebral cortex CB1 has low density in the brainstem hence low

risk of respiratory depression CB2 is found in spleen hematopoietic cell lines

mast cells

bull Anandamide is the endogenous ligand

The Cannabinoid System

39

Routes of Administration

bull Smoked marijuana Reaches the brain in minutes Effects last 1 - 3 hours Delivers a lot of THC into the bloodstream

bull Eating or drinking marijuana Takes frac12 - 1 hour to have an effect Effects last up to 4 hours Delivers significantly less THC into the bloodstream

40

Biphasic Distribution

Heather British Journal of Psychiatry 2001

41

41

bull Casual use Up to 10 days in urine 50 positive in hair samples

bull Heavy use Up to 30 days in urine 85 positive in hair samples

bull Weight loss gives serial UTox spike bull Dronabinol gives positive test bull Passive inhalation gives negative test

Toxicology Testing

42

Cannabis Potency

NSDUH TEDS National Seizure System

43

If drunk ndash you run the RED lights If stoned ndash you stop at the GREEN lights

Cannabis Intoxication

44

bull Irritability and restlessness bull Aggression bull Insomnia bull Appetite decrease bull Withdrawal syndrome is not As painful as heroin withdrawal As dangerous as alcohol withdrawal or As long-lasting as cocaine withdrawal

bull No indication for treatment

Cannabis Withdrawal

45

Neurocognitive Decline ndash 8 IQ points

Meier PNAS 2012

46

46

Tobacco 32

Heroin 23

Cocaine 17

Alcohol 15

Sedatives 9

Cannabis 9

Addictive Potential

47

Anthony Exp Clin Psychopharmacol 1994

4 Cannabis Treatments

48

49

V CBT CBT + V

V CBT CBT + V

Wee

ks of

Con

tinuo

us A

bstin

ence

3 Month Abstinence Rate

69

35 (a)

53 17 20

43 (bc)

(a) V vs CBT comparison p lt 05 (b) CBT+V vs CBT comparison p lt 05 (c) CBT+V vs V comparison p lt 05

Vouchers and CBT

Budney J Consult Clinical Psychology 2006 slide courtesy of Dr Frances Levin

50

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 0

01

02

03

04

05

06

07

08

09

1

Ret

entio

n Pr

obab

ility

Log Rank Wilcoxon P= 00249 Time to drop

Placebo

Marinol

Week

Dronabinol

Levin Drug Alcohol Depend 2011 slide courtesy of Dr Frances Levin

5 Cannabis

Special Topics 51

The Schizophrenia-Marijuana Link

Caspi Biol Psychiatry 2005

52

Adolescence

MonitoringTheFutureorg

53

bull Therapeutic potential for Pain (cancer multiple sclerosis) Nausea (cancer) Loss of appetite (HIVAIDS) Increased occular pressure (glaucoma)

bull Savitex reg (available only in UK and Canada) is a mouth spray Plant-derived THC ndash 50 Cannabidiol ndash 50

Medical Marijuana

54

55 55

Enwikipediaorg

Synthetic Cannabinoids

Enwikipediaorg 56

Cannabidiol

57

Morgan British Journal of Psychiatry 2008

6 Summary

58

1 Smoking rates are 40 to 70 among those with mental illness 2 to 3 times that of the general population

2 Marijuana is addictive but not as addictive as tobacco heroin cocaine or alcohol

3 Psychotherapy works well for both tobacco and cannabis addiction

4 Pharmacotherapy is proven to be effective for addiction to tobacco but not cannabis

59

Thank you

60

  • TOBACCO and CANNABIS
  • Slide Number 2
  • Slide Number 3
  • Slide Number 4
  • Slide Number 5
  • Slide Number 6
  • Slide Number 7
  • Slide Number 8
  • Slide Number 9
  • Slide Number 10
  • Slide Number 11
  • Slide Number 12
  • Slide Number 13
  • Slide Number 14
  • Slide Number 15
  • Slide Number 16
  • Slide Number 17
  • Slide Number 18
  • Slide Number 19
  • Slide Number 20
  • Slide Number 21
  • Slide Number 22
  • Slide Number 23
  • Slide Number 24
  • Slide Number 25
  • Slide Number 26
  • Slide Number 27
  • Slide Number 28
  • Slide Number 29
  • Slide Number 30
  • Slide Number 31
  • Slide Number 32
  • Slide Number 33
  • Slide Number 34
  • Slide Number 35
  • Slide Number 36
  • Pleasurable Effects
  • Slide Number 38
  • The Cannabinoid System
  • Slide Number 40
  • Biphasic Distribution
  • Toxicology Testing
  • Slide Number 43
  • Cannabis Intoxication
  • Cannabis Withdrawal
  • Neurocognitive Decline ndash 8 IQ points
  • Addictive Potential
  • Slide Number 48
  • Vouchers and CBT
  • Dronabinol
  • Slide Number 51
  • The Schizophrenia-Marijuana Link
  • Adolescence
  • Medical Marijuana
  • Slide Number 55
  • Slide Number 56
  • Cannabidiol
  • Slide Number 58
  • Slide Number 59
  • Thank you

1 SSRIs and SNRI

2 Anxiolytics benzodiazepines buspirone

3 Homeopathic treatments

4 Herbal supplements

5 Massage Therapy

6 Acupuncture

7 Nicotine Anonymous

Practices Lacking Evidence-Base

17

0

10

20

30

No clinician Self-helpmaterial

Nonphysicianclinician

Physicianclinician

Type of Clinician

Est

ima

ted

ab

stin

en

ce a

t 5

+ m

on

ths

10 11 17

22 n = 29 studies

Fiore Treating Tobacco Use and Dependence 2008 Update Clinical Practice Guideline 2008 slide courtesy of Judith J Prochaska PhD MPH - University of California San Francisco

Compared to patients who receive no assistance from a clinician patients who receive assistance are 17ndash22 times as likely to quit successfully for 5 or more months

Clinician Interventions

18

Nicotine Replacement

Therapy 19

1 Patients with underlying CVD Recent MI (within past 2 weeks) Serious arrhythmias Serious or worsening angina

2 Patients under 18 years of age

3 Pregnant women

General Precautions

20

1 Patch provides consistent nicotine levels

2 Patch is easy to use and conceal

3 Gumlozengeinhalerspray can titrate therapy to manage withdrawal and may satisfy oral cravings

4 Inhaler mimics hand-to-mouth ritual of smoking

5 Spray is most rapidly absorbed form of nicotine replacement

Advantages

21

1 Allergic reactions to patch adhesive

2 Vivid or disturbing dreams with nocturnal patch use

3 Gum may be socially unacceptable and difficult to use with dentures

4 Patients with underlying bronchospastic disease must use inhaler with caution

5 Spray may be addictive and patients must wait 5 min before driving

Disadvantages

22

Park between cheek amp gum

Stop chewing at first sign of peppery taste or tingling sensation

Chew slowly

Chew again when peppery taste or tingle fades

Do not eat or drink 15 min before or

after use

Gum Chewing Technique

23

Slide courtesy of Judith J Prochaska PhD MPH - University of California San Francisco

Bupropion

24

1 Easy to use

2 Can be used with NRT or varenicline

3 May delay cessation-related weight gain

4 May be beneficial in patients with coexisting depression

Advantages

25

1 Common side effects Dry mouth

Anxiety

Insomnia (avoid bedtime dosing)

2 Should be avoided in patients with an increased risk for seizures

Disadvantages

26

Varenicline

27

1 Oral formulation with twice-a-day dosing

2 Offers a new mechanism of action for persons who previously failed using other medications

3 Early industry-sponsored trials suggest this agent is superior to bupropion SR

Advantages

28

1 Common side effects Nausea (in up to 33 of patients)

Sleep disturbances (insomnia abnormal dreams)

Constipation

Flatulence

Vomiting

2 Psychiatric Risks

3 Cardiovascular Risks

Disadvantages

29

ldquoStimulated Reportingrdquo

Gunnell BMJ 2009

30

Data adapted from Silagy et al (2004) Cochrane Database Syst Rev Hughes et al (2004) Cochrane Database Syst Rev Gonzales et al (2006) JAMA and Jorenby et al (2006) JAMA

195

146

115

86

164

88

239

118

171

91

200

102 94

225

gt 6 Month Quit Rates

31

32

Long WSJ May 3 2011 LeSage American Association of Pharmaceutical Scientists Journal 2006

NicVax 2006

33

NicVax 2013

Genetic Engineering amp Biotechnology News July 19 2011 Hartmann-Boyce Cochrane Database Sys Rev 2012

3 Cannabis Basics

34

35

StreetDrugscom 35

Enwikipediaorg 35

ldquoWhy drink and drive when you can smoke and flyrdquo

ldquoIf we all had a bong wersquod all get alongrdquo

36

bull Mild euphoria and relaxation bull The giggles bull Increased sensitivity to external stimuli Colors seem brighter Smells are more pungent

bull Distortion of time perception

Pleasurable Effects

37

The Molecular Structure

ApiFreebasecom 38

bull THC activates the CB1 and CB2 cannabinoid receptors CB1 has high density in cerebellum basal

ganglia hippocampus cerebral cortex CB1 has low density in the brainstem hence low

risk of respiratory depression CB2 is found in spleen hematopoietic cell lines

mast cells

bull Anandamide is the endogenous ligand

The Cannabinoid System

39

Routes of Administration

bull Smoked marijuana Reaches the brain in minutes Effects last 1 - 3 hours Delivers a lot of THC into the bloodstream

bull Eating or drinking marijuana Takes frac12 - 1 hour to have an effect Effects last up to 4 hours Delivers significantly less THC into the bloodstream

40

Biphasic Distribution

Heather British Journal of Psychiatry 2001

41

41

bull Casual use Up to 10 days in urine 50 positive in hair samples

bull Heavy use Up to 30 days in urine 85 positive in hair samples

bull Weight loss gives serial UTox spike bull Dronabinol gives positive test bull Passive inhalation gives negative test

Toxicology Testing

42

Cannabis Potency

NSDUH TEDS National Seizure System

43

If drunk ndash you run the RED lights If stoned ndash you stop at the GREEN lights

Cannabis Intoxication

44

bull Irritability and restlessness bull Aggression bull Insomnia bull Appetite decrease bull Withdrawal syndrome is not As painful as heroin withdrawal As dangerous as alcohol withdrawal or As long-lasting as cocaine withdrawal

bull No indication for treatment

Cannabis Withdrawal

45

Neurocognitive Decline ndash 8 IQ points

Meier PNAS 2012

46

46

Tobacco 32

Heroin 23

Cocaine 17

Alcohol 15

Sedatives 9

Cannabis 9

Addictive Potential

47

Anthony Exp Clin Psychopharmacol 1994

4 Cannabis Treatments

48

49

V CBT CBT + V

V CBT CBT + V

Wee

ks of

Con

tinuo

us A

bstin

ence

3 Month Abstinence Rate

69

35 (a)

53 17 20

43 (bc)

(a) V vs CBT comparison p lt 05 (b) CBT+V vs CBT comparison p lt 05 (c) CBT+V vs V comparison p lt 05

Vouchers and CBT

Budney J Consult Clinical Psychology 2006 slide courtesy of Dr Frances Levin

50

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 0

01

02

03

04

05

06

07

08

09

1

Ret

entio

n Pr

obab

ility

Log Rank Wilcoxon P= 00249 Time to drop

Placebo

Marinol

Week

Dronabinol

Levin Drug Alcohol Depend 2011 slide courtesy of Dr Frances Levin

5 Cannabis

Special Topics 51

The Schizophrenia-Marijuana Link

Caspi Biol Psychiatry 2005

52

Adolescence

MonitoringTheFutureorg

53

bull Therapeutic potential for Pain (cancer multiple sclerosis) Nausea (cancer) Loss of appetite (HIVAIDS) Increased occular pressure (glaucoma)

bull Savitex reg (available only in UK and Canada) is a mouth spray Plant-derived THC ndash 50 Cannabidiol ndash 50

Medical Marijuana

54

55 55

Enwikipediaorg

Synthetic Cannabinoids

Enwikipediaorg 56

Cannabidiol

57

Morgan British Journal of Psychiatry 2008

6 Summary

58

1 Smoking rates are 40 to 70 among those with mental illness 2 to 3 times that of the general population

2 Marijuana is addictive but not as addictive as tobacco heroin cocaine or alcohol

3 Psychotherapy works well for both tobacco and cannabis addiction

4 Pharmacotherapy is proven to be effective for addiction to tobacco but not cannabis

59

Thank you

60

  • TOBACCO and CANNABIS
  • Slide Number 2
  • Slide Number 3
  • Slide Number 4
  • Slide Number 5
  • Slide Number 6
  • Slide Number 7
  • Slide Number 8
  • Slide Number 9
  • Slide Number 10
  • Slide Number 11
  • Slide Number 12
  • Slide Number 13
  • Slide Number 14
  • Slide Number 15
  • Slide Number 16
  • Slide Number 17
  • Slide Number 18
  • Slide Number 19
  • Slide Number 20
  • Slide Number 21
  • Slide Number 22
  • Slide Number 23
  • Slide Number 24
  • Slide Number 25
  • Slide Number 26
  • Slide Number 27
  • Slide Number 28
  • Slide Number 29
  • Slide Number 30
  • Slide Number 31
  • Slide Number 32
  • Slide Number 33
  • Slide Number 34
  • Slide Number 35
  • Slide Number 36
  • Pleasurable Effects
  • Slide Number 38
  • The Cannabinoid System
  • Slide Number 40
  • Biphasic Distribution
  • Toxicology Testing
  • Slide Number 43
  • Cannabis Intoxication
  • Cannabis Withdrawal
  • Neurocognitive Decline ndash 8 IQ points
  • Addictive Potential
  • Slide Number 48
  • Vouchers and CBT
  • Dronabinol
  • Slide Number 51
  • The Schizophrenia-Marijuana Link
  • Adolescence
  • Medical Marijuana
  • Slide Number 55
  • Slide Number 56
  • Cannabidiol
  • Slide Number 58
  • Slide Number 59
  • Thank you

0

10

20

30

No clinician Self-helpmaterial

Nonphysicianclinician

Physicianclinician

Type of Clinician

Est

ima

ted

ab

stin

en

ce a

t 5

+ m

on

ths

10 11 17

22 n = 29 studies

Fiore Treating Tobacco Use and Dependence 2008 Update Clinical Practice Guideline 2008 slide courtesy of Judith J Prochaska PhD MPH - University of California San Francisco

Compared to patients who receive no assistance from a clinician patients who receive assistance are 17ndash22 times as likely to quit successfully for 5 or more months

Clinician Interventions

18

Nicotine Replacement

Therapy 19

1 Patients with underlying CVD Recent MI (within past 2 weeks) Serious arrhythmias Serious or worsening angina

2 Patients under 18 years of age

3 Pregnant women

General Precautions

20

1 Patch provides consistent nicotine levels

2 Patch is easy to use and conceal

3 Gumlozengeinhalerspray can titrate therapy to manage withdrawal and may satisfy oral cravings

4 Inhaler mimics hand-to-mouth ritual of smoking

5 Spray is most rapidly absorbed form of nicotine replacement

Advantages

21

1 Allergic reactions to patch adhesive

2 Vivid or disturbing dreams with nocturnal patch use

3 Gum may be socially unacceptable and difficult to use with dentures

4 Patients with underlying bronchospastic disease must use inhaler with caution

5 Spray may be addictive and patients must wait 5 min before driving

Disadvantages

22

Park between cheek amp gum

Stop chewing at first sign of peppery taste or tingling sensation

Chew slowly

Chew again when peppery taste or tingle fades

Do not eat or drink 15 min before or

after use

Gum Chewing Technique

23

Slide courtesy of Judith J Prochaska PhD MPH - University of California San Francisco

Bupropion

24

1 Easy to use

2 Can be used with NRT or varenicline

3 May delay cessation-related weight gain

4 May be beneficial in patients with coexisting depression

Advantages

25

1 Common side effects Dry mouth

Anxiety

Insomnia (avoid bedtime dosing)

2 Should be avoided in patients with an increased risk for seizures

Disadvantages

26

Varenicline

27

1 Oral formulation with twice-a-day dosing

2 Offers a new mechanism of action for persons who previously failed using other medications

3 Early industry-sponsored trials suggest this agent is superior to bupropion SR

Advantages

28

1 Common side effects Nausea (in up to 33 of patients)

Sleep disturbances (insomnia abnormal dreams)

Constipation

Flatulence

Vomiting

2 Psychiatric Risks

3 Cardiovascular Risks

Disadvantages

29

ldquoStimulated Reportingrdquo

Gunnell BMJ 2009

30

Data adapted from Silagy et al (2004) Cochrane Database Syst Rev Hughes et al (2004) Cochrane Database Syst Rev Gonzales et al (2006) JAMA and Jorenby et al (2006) JAMA

195

146

115

86

164

88

239

118

171

91

200

102 94

225

gt 6 Month Quit Rates

31

32

Long WSJ May 3 2011 LeSage American Association of Pharmaceutical Scientists Journal 2006

NicVax 2006

33

NicVax 2013

Genetic Engineering amp Biotechnology News July 19 2011 Hartmann-Boyce Cochrane Database Sys Rev 2012

3 Cannabis Basics

34

35

StreetDrugscom 35

Enwikipediaorg 35

ldquoWhy drink and drive when you can smoke and flyrdquo

ldquoIf we all had a bong wersquod all get alongrdquo

36

bull Mild euphoria and relaxation bull The giggles bull Increased sensitivity to external stimuli Colors seem brighter Smells are more pungent

bull Distortion of time perception

Pleasurable Effects

37

The Molecular Structure

ApiFreebasecom 38

bull THC activates the CB1 and CB2 cannabinoid receptors CB1 has high density in cerebellum basal

ganglia hippocampus cerebral cortex CB1 has low density in the brainstem hence low

risk of respiratory depression CB2 is found in spleen hematopoietic cell lines

mast cells

bull Anandamide is the endogenous ligand

The Cannabinoid System

39

Routes of Administration

bull Smoked marijuana Reaches the brain in minutes Effects last 1 - 3 hours Delivers a lot of THC into the bloodstream

bull Eating or drinking marijuana Takes frac12 - 1 hour to have an effect Effects last up to 4 hours Delivers significantly less THC into the bloodstream

40

Biphasic Distribution

Heather British Journal of Psychiatry 2001

41

41

bull Casual use Up to 10 days in urine 50 positive in hair samples

bull Heavy use Up to 30 days in urine 85 positive in hair samples

bull Weight loss gives serial UTox spike bull Dronabinol gives positive test bull Passive inhalation gives negative test

Toxicology Testing

42

Cannabis Potency

NSDUH TEDS National Seizure System

43

If drunk ndash you run the RED lights If stoned ndash you stop at the GREEN lights

Cannabis Intoxication

44

bull Irritability and restlessness bull Aggression bull Insomnia bull Appetite decrease bull Withdrawal syndrome is not As painful as heroin withdrawal As dangerous as alcohol withdrawal or As long-lasting as cocaine withdrawal

bull No indication for treatment

Cannabis Withdrawal

45

Neurocognitive Decline ndash 8 IQ points

Meier PNAS 2012

46

46

Tobacco 32

Heroin 23

Cocaine 17

Alcohol 15

Sedatives 9

Cannabis 9

Addictive Potential

47

Anthony Exp Clin Psychopharmacol 1994

4 Cannabis Treatments

48

49

V CBT CBT + V

V CBT CBT + V

Wee

ks of

Con

tinuo

us A

bstin

ence

3 Month Abstinence Rate

69

35 (a)

53 17 20

43 (bc)

(a) V vs CBT comparison p lt 05 (b) CBT+V vs CBT comparison p lt 05 (c) CBT+V vs V comparison p lt 05

Vouchers and CBT

Budney J Consult Clinical Psychology 2006 slide courtesy of Dr Frances Levin

50

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 0

01

02

03

04

05

06

07

08

09

1

Ret

entio

n Pr

obab

ility

Log Rank Wilcoxon P= 00249 Time to drop

Placebo

Marinol

Week

Dronabinol

Levin Drug Alcohol Depend 2011 slide courtesy of Dr Frances Levin

5 Cannabis

Special Topics 51

The Schizophrenia-Marijuana Link

Caspi Biol Psychiatry 2005

52

Adolescence

MonitoringTheFutureorg

53

bull Therapeutic potential for Pain (cancer multiple sclerosis) Nausea (cancer) Loss of appetite (HIVAIDS) Increased occular pressure (glaucoma)

bull Savitex reg (available only in UK and Canada) is a mouth spray Plant-derived THC ndash 50 Cannabidiol ndash 50

Medical Marijuana

54

55 55

Enwikipediaorg

Synthetic Cannabinoids

Enwikipediaorg 56

Cannabidiol

57

Morgan British Journal of Psychiatry 2008

6 Summary

58

1 Smoking rates are 40 to 70 among those with mental illness 2 to 3 times that of the general population

2 Marijuana is addictive but not as addictive as tobacco heroin cocaine or alcohol

3 Psychotherapy works well for both tobacco and cannabis addiction

4 Pharmacotherapy is proven to be effective for addiction to tobacco but not cannabis

59

Thank you

60

  • TOBACCO and CANNABIS
  • Slide Number 2
  • Slide Number 3
  • Slide Number 4
  • Slide Number 5
  • Slide Number 6
  • Slide Number 7
  • Slide Number 8
  • Slide Number 9
  • Slide Number 10
  • Slide Number 11
  • Slide Number 12
  • Slide Number 13
  • Slide Number 14
  • Slide Number 15
  • Slide Number 16
  • Slide Number 17
  • Slide Number 18
  • Slide Number 19
  • Slide Number 20
  • Slide Number 21
  • Slide Number 22
  • Slide Number 23
  • Slide Number 24
  • Slide Number 25
  • Slide Number 26
  • Slide Number 27
  • Slide Number 28
  • Slide Number 29
  • Slide Number 30
  • Slide Number 31
  • Slide Number 32
  • Slide Number 33
  • Slide Number 34
  • Slide Number 35
  • Slide Number 36
  • Pleasurable Effects
  • Slide Number 38
  • The Cannabinoid System
  • Slide Number 40
  • Biphasic Distribution
  • Toxicology Testing
  • Slide Number 43
  • Cannabis Intoxication
  • Cannabis Withdrawal
  • Neurocognitive Decline ndash 8 IQ points
  • Addictive Potential
  • Slide Number 48
  • Vouchers and CBT
  • Dronabinol
  • Slide Number 51
  • The Schizophrenia-Marijuana Link
  • Adolescence
  • Medical Marijuana
  • Slide Number 55
  • Slide Number 56
  • Cannabidiol
  • Slide Number 58
  • Slide Number 59
  • Thank you

Nicotine Replacement

Therapy 19

1 Patients with underlying CVD Recent MI (within past 2 weeks) Serious arrhythmias Serious or worsening angina

2 Patients under 18 years of age

3 Pregnant women

General Precautions

20

1 Patch provides consistent nicotine levels

2 Patch is easy to use and conceal

3 Gumlozengeinhalerspray can titrate therapy to manage withdrawal and may satisfy oral cravings

4 Inhaler mimics hand-to-mouth ritual of smoking

5 Spray is most rapidly absorbed form of nicotine replacement

Advantages

21

1 Allergic reactions to patch adhesive

2 Vivid or disturbing dreams with nocturnal patch use

3 Gum may be socially unacceptable and difficult to use with dentures

4 Patients with underlying bronchospastic disease must use inhaler with caution

5 Spray may be addictive and patients must wait 5 min before driving

Disadvantages

22

Park between cheek amp gum

Stop chewing at first sign of peppery taste or tingling sensation

Chew slowly

Chew again when peppery taste or tingle fades

Do not eat or drink 15 min before or

after use

Gum Chewing Technique

23

Slide courtesy of Judith J Prochaska PhD MPH - University of California San Francisco

Bupropion

24

1 Easy to use

2 Can be used with NRT or varenicline

3 May delay cessation-related weight gain

4 May be beneficial in patients with coexisting depression

Advantages

25

1 Common side effects Dry mouth

Anxiety

Insomnia (avoid bedtime dosing)

2 Should be avoided in patients with an increased risk for seizures

Disadvantages

26

Varenicline

27

1 Oral formulation with twice-a-day dosing

2 Offers a new mechanism of action for persons who previously failed using other medications

3 Early industry-sponsored trials suggest this agent is superior to bupropion SR

Advantages

28

1 Common side effects Nausea (in up to 33 of patients)

Sleep disturbances (insomnia abnormal dreams)

Constipation

Flatulence

Vomiting

2 Psychiatric Risks

3 Cardiovascular Risks

Disadvantages

29

ldquoStimulated Reportingrdquo

Gunnell BMJ 2009

30

Data adapted from Silagy et al (2004) Cochrane Database Syst Rev Hughes et al (2004) Cochrane Database Syst Rev Gonzales et al (2006) JAMA and Jorenby et al (2006) JAMA

195

146

115

86

164

88

239

118

171

91

200

102 94

225

gt 6 Month Quit Rates

31

32

Long WSJ May 3 2011 LeSage American Association of Pharmaceutical Scientists Journal 2006

NicVax 2006

33

NicVax 2013

Genetic Engineering amp Biotechnology News July 19 2011 Hartmann-Boyce Cochrane Database Sys Rev 2012

3 Cannabis Basics

34

35

StreetDrugscom 35

Enwikipediaorg 35

ldquoWhy drink and drive when you can smoke and flyrdquo

ldquoIf we all had a bong wersquod all get alongrdquo

36

bull Mild euphoria and relaxation bull The giggles bull Increased sensitivity to external stimuli Colors seem brighter Smells are more pungent

bull Distortion of time perception

Pleasurable Effects

37

The Molecular Structure

ApiFreebasecom 38

bull THC activates the CB1 and CB2 cannabinoid receptors CB1 has high density in cerebellum basal

ganglia hippocampus cerebral cortex CB1 has low density in the brainstem hence low

risk of respiratory depression CB2 is found in spleen hematopoietic cell lines

mast cells

bull Anandamide is the endogenous ligand

The Cannabinoid System

39

Routes of Administration

bull Smoked marijuana Reaches the brain in minutes Effects last 1 - 3 hours Delivers a lot of THC into the bloodstream

bull Eating or drinking marijuana Takes frac12 - 1 hour to have an effect Effects last up to 4 hours Delivers significantly less THC into the bloodstream

40

Biphasic Distribution

Heather British Journal of Psychiatry 2001

41

41

bull Casual use Up to 10 days in urine 50 positive in hair samples

bull Heavy use Up to 30 days in urine 85 positive in hair samples

bull Weight loss gives serial UTox spike bull Dronabinol gives positive test bull Passive inhalation gives negative test

Toxicology Testing

42

Cannabis Potency

NSDUH TEDS National Seizure System

43

If drunk ndash you run the RED lights If stoned ndash you stop at the GREEN lights

Cannabis Intoxication

44

bull Irritability and restlessness bull Aggression bull Insomnia bull Appetite decrease bull Withdrawal syndrome is not As painful as heroin withdrawal As dangerous as alcohol withdrawal or As long-lasting as cocaine withdrawal

bull No indication for treatment

Cannabis Withdrawal

45

Neurocognitive Decline ndash 8 IQ points

Meier PNAS 2012

46

46

Tobacco 32

Heroin 23

Cocaine 17

Alcohol 15

Sedatives 9

Cannabis 9

Addictive Potential

47

Anthony Exp Clin Psychopharmacol 1994

4 Cannabis Treatments

48

49

V CBT CBT + V

V CBT CBT + V

Wee

ks of

Con

tinuo

us A

bstin

ence

3 Month Abstinence Rate

69

35 (a)

53 17 20

43 (bc)

(a) V vs CBT comparison p lt 05 (b) CBT+V vs CBT comparison p lt 05 (c) CBT+V vs V comparison p lt 05

Vouchers and CBT

Budney J Consult Clinical Psychology 2006 slide courtesy of Dr Frances Levin

50

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 0

01

02

03

04

05

06

07

08

09

1

Ret

entio

n Pr

obab

ility

Log Rank Wilcoxon P= 00249 Time to drop

Placebo

Marinol

Week

Dronabinol

Levin Drug Alcohol Depend 2011 slide courtesy of Dr Frances Levin

5 Cannabis

Special Topics 51

The Schizophrenia-Marijuana Link

Caspi Biol Psychiatry 2005

52

Adolescence

MonitoringTheFutureorg

53

bull Therapeutic potential for Pain (cancer multiple sclerosis) Nausea (cancer) Loss of appetite (HIVAIDS) Increased occular pressure (glaucoma)

bull Savitex reg (available only in UK and Canada) is a mouth spray Plant-derived THC ndash 50 Cannabidiol ndash 50

Medical Marijuana

54

55 55

Enwikipediaorg

Synthetic Cannabinoids

Enwikipediaorg 56

Cannabidiol

57

Morgan British Journal of Psychiatry 2008

6 Summary

58

1 Smoking rates are 40 to 70 among those with mental illness 2 to 3 times that of the general population

2 Marijuana is addictive but not as addictive as tobacco heroin cocaine or alcohol

3 Psychotherapy works well for both tobacco and cannabis addiction

4 Pharmacotherapy is proven to be effective for addiction to tobacco but not cannabis

59

Thank you

60

  • TOBACCO and CANNABIS
  • Slide Number 2
  • Slide Number 3
  • Slide Number 4
  • Slide Number 5
  • Slide Number 6
  • Slide Number 7
  • Slide Number 8
  • Slide Number 9
  • Slide Number 10
  • Slide Number 11
  • Slide Number 12
  • Slide Number 13
  • Slide Number 14
  • Slide Number 15
  • Slide Number 16
  • Slide Number 17
  • Slide Number 18
  • Slide Number 19
  • Slide Number 20
  • Slide Number 21
  • Slide Number 22
  • Slide Number 23
  • Slide Number 24
  • Slide Number 25
  • Slide Number 26
  • Slide Number 27
  • Slide Number 28
  • Slide Number 29
  • Slide Number 30
  • Slide Number 31
  • Slide Number 32
  • Slide Number 33
  • Slide Number 34
  • Slide Number 35
  • Slide Number 36
  • Pleasurable Effects
  • Slide Number 38
  • The Cannabinoid System
  • Slide Number 40
  • Biphasic Distribution
  • Toxicology Testing
  • Slide Number 43
  • Cannabis Intoxication
  • Cannabis Withdrawal
  • Neurocognitive Decline ndash 8 IQ points
  • Addictive Potential
  • Slide Number 48
  • Vouchers and CBT
  • Dronabinol
  • Slide Number 51
  • The Schizophrenia-Marijuana Link
  • Adolescence
  • Medical Marijuana
  • Slide Number 55
  • Slide Number 56
  • Cannabidiol
  • Slide Number 58
  • Slide Number 59
  • Thank you

1 Patients with underlying CVD Recent MI (within past 2 weeks) Serious arrhythmias Serious or worsening angina

2 Patients under 18 years of age

3 Pregnant women

General Precautions

20

1 Patch provides consistent nicotine levels

2 Patch is easy to use and conceal

3 Gumlozengeinhalerspray can titrate therapy to manage withdrawal and may satisfy oral cravings

4 Inhaler mimics hand-to-mouth ritual of smoking

5 Spray is most rapidly absorbed form of nicotine replacement

Advantages

21

1 Allergic reactions to patch adhesive

2 Vivid or disturbing dreams with nocturnal patch use

3 Gum may be socially unacceptable and difficult to use with dentures

4 Patients with underlying bronchospastic disease must use inhaler with caution

5 Spray may be addictive and patients must wait 5 min before driving

Disadvantages

22

Park between cheek amp gum

Stop chewing at first sign of peppery taste or tingling sensation

Chew slowly

Chew again when peppery taste or tingle fades

Do not eat or drink 15 min before or

after use

Gum Chewing Technique

23

Slide courtesy of Judith J Prochaska PhD MPH - University of California San Francisco

Bupropion

24

1 Easy to use

2 Can be used with NRT or varenicline

3 May delay cessation-related weight gain

4 May be beneficial in patients with coexisting depression

Advantages

25

1 Common side effects Dry mouth

Anxiety

Insomnia (avoid bedtime dosing)

2 Should be avoided in patients with an increased risk for seizures

Disadvantages

26

Varenicline

27

1 Oral formulation with twice-a-day dosing

2 Offers a new mechanism of action for persons who previously failed using other medications

3 Early industry-sponsored trials suggest this agent is superior to bupropion SR

Advantages

28

1 Common side effects Nausea (in up to 33 of patients)

Sleep disturbances (insomnia abnormal dreams)

Constipation

Flatulence

Vomiting

2 Psychiatric Risks

3 Cardiovascular Risks

Disadvantages

29

ldquoStimulated Reportingrdquo

Gunnell BMJ 2009

30

Data adapted from Silagy et al (2004) Cochrane Database Syst Rev Hughes et al (2004) Cochrane Database Syst Rev Gonzales et al (2006) JAMA and Jorenby et al (2006) JAMA

195

146

115

86

164

88

239

118

171

91

200

102 94

225

gt 6 Month Quit Rates

31

32

Long WSJ May 3 2011 LeSage American Association of Pharmaceutical Scientists Journal 2006

NicVax 2006

33

NicVax 2013

Genetic Engineering amp Biotechnology News July 19 2011 Hartmann-Boyce Cochrane Database Sys Rev 2012

3 Cannabis Basics

34

35

StreetDrugscom 35

Enwikipediaorg 35

ldquoWhy drink and drive when you can smoke and flyrdquo

ldquoIf we all had a bong wersquod all get alongrdquo

36

bull Mild euphoria and relaxation bull The giggles bull Increased sensitivity to external stimuli Colors seem brighter Smells are more pungent

bull Distortion of time perception

Pleasurable Effects

37

The Molecular Structure

ApiFreebasecom 38

bull THC activates the CB1 and CB2 cannabinoid receptors CB1 has high density in cerebellum basal

ganglia hippocampus cerebral cortex CB1 has low density in the brainstem hence low

risk of respiratory depression CB2 is found in spleen hematopoietic cell lines

mast cells

bull Anandamide is the endogenous ligand

The Cannabinoid System

39

Routes of Administration

bull Smoked marijuana Reaches the brain in minutes Effects last 1 - 3 hours Delivers a lot of THC into the bloodstream

bull Eating or drinking marijuana Takes frac12 - 1 hour to have an effect Effects last up to 4 hours Delivers significantly less THC into the bloodstream

40

Biphasic Distribution

Heather British Journal of Psychiatry 2001

41

41

bull Casual use Up to 10 days in urine 50 positive in hair samples

bull Heavy use Up to 30 days in urine 85 positive in hair samples

bull Weight loss gives serial UTox spike bull Dronabinol gives positive test bull Passive inhalation gives negative test

Toxicology Testing

42

Cannabis Potency

NSDUH TEDS National Seizure System

43

If drunk ndash you run the RED lights If stoned ndash you stop at the GREEN lights

Cannabis Intoxication

44

bull Irritability and restlessness bull Aggression bull Insomnia bull Appetite decrease bull Withdrawal syndrome is not As painful as heroin withdrawal As dangerous as alcohol withdrawal or As long-lasting as cocaine withdrawal

bull No indication for treatment

Cannabis Withdrawal

45

Neurocognitive Decline ndash 8 IQ points

Meier PNAS 2012

46

46

Tobacco 32

Heroin 23

Cocaine 17

Alcohol 15

Sedatives 9

Cannabis 9

Addictive Potential

47

Anthony Exp Clin Psychopharmacol 1994

4 Cannabis Treatments

48

49

V CBT CBT + V

V CBT CBT + V

Wee

ks of

Con

tinuo

us A

bstin

ence

3 Month Abstinence Rate

69

35 (a)

53 17 20

43 (bc)

(a) V vs CBT comparison p lt 05 (b) CBT+V vs CBT comparison p lt 05 (c) CBT+V vs V comparison p lt 05

Vouchers and CBT

Budney J Consult Clinical Psychology 2006 slide courtesy of Dr Frances Levin

50

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 0

01

02

03

04

05

06

07

08

09

1

Ret

entio

n Pr

obab

ility

Log Rank Wilcoxon P= 00249 Time to drop

Placebo

Marinol

Week

Dronabinol

Levin Drug Alcohol Depend 2011 slide courtesy of Dr Frances Levin

5 Cannabis

Special Topics 51

The Schizophrenia-Marijuana Link

Caspi Biol Psychiatry 2005

52

Adolescence

MonitoringTheFutureorg

53

bull Therapeutic potential for Pain (cancer multiple sclerosis) Nausea (cancer) Loss of appetite (HIVAIDS) Increased occular pressure (glaucoma)

bull Savitex reg (available only in UK and Canada) is a mouth spray Plant-derived THC ndash 50 Cannabidiol ndash 50

Medical Marijuana

54

55 55

Enwikipediaorg

Synthetic Cannabinoids

Enwikipediaorg 56

Cannabidiol

57

Morgan British Journal of Psychiatry 2008

6 Summary

58

1 Smoking rates are 40 to 70 among those with mental illness 2 to 3 times that of the general population

2 Marijuana is addictive but not as addictive as tobacco heroin cocaine or alcohol

3 Psychotherapy works well for both tobacco and cannabis addiction

4 Pharmacotherapy is proven to be effective for addiction to tobacco but not cannabis

59

Thank you

60

  • TOBACCO and CANNABIS
  • Slide Number 2
  • Slide Number 3
  • Slide Number 4
  • Slide Number 5
  • Slide Number 6
  • Slide Number 7
  • Slide Number 8
  • Slide Number 9
  • Slide Number 10
  • Slide Number 11
  • Slide Number 12
  • Slide Number 13
  • Slide Number 14
  • Slide Number 15
  • Slide Number 16
  • Slide Number 17
  • Slide Number 18
  • Slide Number 19
  • Slide Number 20
  • Slide Number 21
  • Slide Number 22
  • Slide Number 23
  • Slide Number 24
  • Slide Number 25
  • Slide Number 26
  • Slide Number 27
  • Slide Number 28
  • Slide Number 29
  • Slide Number 30
  • Slide Number 31
  • Slide Number 32
  • Slide Number 33
  • Slide Number 34
  • Slide Number 35
  • Slide Number 36
  • Pleasurable Effects
  • Slide Number 38
  • The Cannabinoid System
  • Slide Number 40
  • Biphasic Distribution
  • Toxicology Testing
  • Slide Number 43
  • Cannabis Intoxication
  • Cannabis Withdrawal
  • Neurocognitive Decline ndash 8 IQ points
  • Addictive Potential
  • Slide Number 48
  • Vouchers and CBT
  • Dronabinol
  • Slide Number 51
  • The Schizophrenia-Marijuana Link
  • Adolescence
  • Medical Marijuana
  • Slide Number 55
  • Slide Number 56
  • Cannabidiol
  • Slide Number 58
  • Slide Number 59
  • Thank you

1 Patch provides consistent nicotine levels

2 Patch is easy to use and conceal

3 Gumlozengeinhalerspray can titrate therapy to manage withdrawal and may satisfy oral cravings

4 Inhaler mimics hand-to-mouth ritual of smoking

5 Spray is most rapidly absorbed form of nicotine replacement

Advantages

21

1 Allergic reactions to patch adhesive

2 Vivid or disturbing dreams with nocturnal patch use

3 Gum may be socially unacceptable and difficult to use with dentures

4 Patients with underlying bronchospastic disease must use inhaler with caution

5 Spray may be addictive and patients must wait 5 min before driving

Disadvantages

22

Park between cheek amp gum

Stop chewing at first sign of peppery taste or tingling sensation

Chew slowly

Chew again when peppery taste or tingle fades

Do not eat or drink 15 min before or

after use

Gum Chewing Technique

23

Slide courtesy of Judith J Prochaska PhD MPH - University of California San Francisco

Bupropion

24

1 Easy to use

2 Can be used with NRT or varenicline

3 May delay cessation-related weight gain

4 May be beneficial in patients with coexisting depression

Advantages

25

1 Common side effects Dry mouth

Anxiety

Insomnia (avoid bedtime dosing)

2 Should be avoided in patients with an increased risk for seizures

Disadvantages

26

Varenicline

27

1 Oral formulation with twice-a-day dosing

2 Offers a new mechanism of action for persons who previously failed using other medications

3 Early industry-sponsored trials suggest this agent is superior to bupropion SR

Advantages

28

1 Common side effects Nausea (in up to 33 of patients)

Sleep disturbances (insomnia abnormal dreams)

Constipation

Flatulence

Vomiting

2 Psychiatric Risks

3 Cardiovascular Risks

Disadvantages

29

ldquoStimulated Reportingrdquo

Gunnell BMJ 2009

30

Data adapted from Silagy et al (2004) Cochrane Database Syst Rev Hughes et al (2004) Cochrane Database Syst Rev Gonzales et al (2006) JAMA and Jorenby et al (2006) JAMA

195

146

115

86

164

88

239

118

171

91

200

102 94

225

gt 6 Month Quit Rates

31

32

Long WSJ May 3 2011 LeSage American Association of Pharmaceutical Scientists Journal 2006

NicVax 2006

33

NicVax 2013

Genetic Engineering amp Biotechnology News July 19 2011 Hartmann-Boyce Cochrane Database Sys Rev 2012

3 Cannabis Basics

34

35

StreetDrugscom 35

Enwikipediaorg 35

ldquoWhy drink and drive when you can smoke and flyrdquo

ldquoIf we all had a bong wersquod all get alongrdquo

36

bull Mild euphoria and relaxation bull The giggles bull Increased sensitivity to external stimuli Colors seem brighter Smells are more pungent

bull Distortion of time perception

Pleasurable Effects

37

The Molecular Structure

ApiFreebasecom 38

bull THC activates the CB1 and CB2 cannabinoid receptors CB1 has high density in cerebellum basal

ganglia hippocampus cerebral cortex CB1 has low density in the brainstem hence low

risk of respiratory depression CB2 is found in spleen hematopoietic cell lines

mast cells

bull Anandamide is the endogenous ligand

The Cannabinoid System

39

Routes of Administration

bull Smoked marijuana Reaches the brain in minutes Effects last 1 - 3 hours Delivers a lot of THC into the bloodstream

bull Eating or drinking marijuana Takes frac12 - 1 hour to have an effect Effects last up to 4 hours Delivers significantly less THC into the bloodstream

40

Biphasic Distribution

Heather British Journal of Psychiatry 2001

41

41

bull Casual use Up to 10 days in urine 50 positive in hair samples

bull Heavy use Up to 30 days in urine 85 positive in hair samples

bull Weight loss gives serial UTox spike bull Dronabinol gives positive test bull Passive inhalation gives negative test

Toxicology Testing

42

Cannabis Potency

NSDUH TEDS National Seizure System

43

If drunk ndash you run the RED lights If stoned ndash you stop at the GREEN lights

Cannabis Intoxication

44

bull Irritability and restlessness bull Aggression bull Insomnia bull Appetite decrease bull Withdrawal syndrome is not As painful as heroin withdrawal As dangerous as alcohol withdrawal or As long-lasting as cocaine withdrawal

bull No indication for treatment

Cannabis Withdrawal

45

Neurocognitive Decline ndash 8 IQ points

Meier PNAS 2012

46

46

Tobacco 32

Heroin 23

Cocaine 17

Alcohol 15

Sedatives 9

Cannabis 9

Addictive Potential

47

Anthony Exp Clin Psychopharmacol 1994

4 Cannabis Treatments

48

49

V CBT CBT + V

V CBT CBT + V

Wee

ks of

Con

tinuo

us A

bstin

ence

3 Month Abstinence Rate

69

35 (a)

53 17 20

43 (bc)

(a) V vs CBT comparison p lt 05 (b) CBT+V vs CBT comparison p lt 05 (c) CBT+V vs V comparison p lt 05

Vouchers and CBT

Budney J Consult Clinical Psychology 2006 slide courtesy of Dr Frances Levin

50

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 0

01

02

03

04

05

06

07

08

09

1

Ret

entio

n Pr

obab

ility

Log Rank Wilcoxon P= 00249 Time to drop

Placebo

Marinol

Week

Dronabinol

Levin Drug Alcohol Depend 2011 slide courtesy of Dr Frances Levin

5 Cannabis

Special Topics 51

The Schizophrenia-Marijuana Link

Caspi Biol Psychiatry 2005

52

Adolescence

MonitoringTheFutureorg

53

bull Therapeutic potential for Pain (cancer multiple sclerosis) Nausea (cancer) Loss of appetite (HIVAIDS) Increased occular pressure (glaucoma)

bull Savitex reg (available only in UK and Canada) is a mouth spray Plant-derived THC ndash 50 Cannabidiol ndash 50

Medical Marijuana

54

55 55

Enwikipediaorg

Synthetic Cannabinoids

Enwikipediaorg 56

Cannabidiol

57

Morgan British Journal of Psychiatry 2008

6 Summary

58

1 Smoking rates are 40 to 70 among those with mental illness 2 to 3 times that of the general population

2 Marijuana is addictive but not as addictive as tobacco heroin cocaine or alcohol

3 Psychotherapy works well for both tobacco and cannabis addiction

4 Pharmacotherapy is proven to be effective for addiction to tobacco but not cannabis

59

Thank you

60

  • TOBACCO and CANNABIS
  • Slide Number 2
  • Slide Number 3
  • Slide Number 4
  • Slide Number 5
  • Slide Number 6
  • Slide Number 7
  • Slide Number 8
  • Slide Number 9
  • Slide Number 10
  • Slide Number 11
  • Slide Number 12
  • Slide Number 13
  • Slide Number 14
  • Slide Number 15
  • Slide Number 16
  • Slide Number 17
  • Slide Number 18
  • Slide Number 19
  • Slide Number 20
  • Slide Number 21
  • Slide Number 22
  • Slide Number 23
  • Slide Number 24
  • Slide Number 25
  • Slide Number 26
  • Slide Number 27
  • Slide Number 28
  • Slide Number 29
  • Slide Number 30
  • Slide Number 31
  • Slide Number 32
  • Slide Number 33
  • Slide Number 34
  • Slide Number 35
  • Slide Number 36
  • Pleasurable Effects
  • Slide Number 38
  • The Cannabinoid System
  • Slide Number 40
  • Biphasic Distribution
  • Toxicology Testing
  • Slide Number 43
  • Cannabis Intoxication
  • Cannabis Withdrawal
  • Neurocognitive Decline ndash 8 IQ points
  • Addictive Potential
  • Slide Number 48
  • Vouchers and CBT
  • Dronabinol
  • Slide Number 51
  • The Schizophrenia-Marijuana Link
  • Adolescence
  • Medical Marijuana
  • Slide Number 55
  • Slide Number 56
  • Cannabidiol
  • Slide Number 58
  • Slide Number 59
  • Thank you

1 Allergic reactions to patch adhesive

2 Vivid or disturbing dreams with nocturnal patch use

3 Gum may be socially unacceptable and difficult to use with dentures

4 Patients with underlying bronchospastic disease must use inhaler with caution

5 Spray may be addictive and patients must wait 5 min before driving

Disadvantages

22

Park between cheek amp gum

Stop chewing at first sign of peppery taste or tingling sensation

Chew slowly

Chew again when peppery taste or tingle fades

Do not eat or drink 15 min before or

after use

Gum Chewing Technique

23

Slide courtesy of Judith J Prochaska PhD MPH - University of California San Francisco

Bupropion

24

1 Easy to use

2 Can be used with NRT or varenicline

3 May delay cessation-related weight gain

4 May be beneficial in patients with coexisting depression

Advantages

25

1 Common side effects Dry mouth

Anxiety

Insomnia (avoid bedtime dosing)

2 Should be avoided in patients with an increased risk for seizures

Disadvantages

26

Varenicline

27

1 Oral formulation with twice-a-day dosing

2 Offers a new mechanism of action for persons who previously failed using other medications

3 Early industry-sponsored trials suggest this agent is superior to bupropion SR

Advantages

28

1 Common side effects Nausea (in up to 33 of patients)

Sleep disturbances (insomnia abnormal dreams)

Constipation

Flatulence

Vomiting

2 Psychiatric Risks

3 Cardiovascular Risks

Disadvantages

29

ldquoStimulated Reportingrdquo

Gunnell BMJ 2009

30

Data adapted from Silagy et al (2004) Cochrane Database Syst Rev Hughes et al (2004) Cochrane Database Syst Rev Gonzales et al (2006) JAMA and Jorenby et al (2006) JAMA

195

146

115

86

164

88

239

118

171

91

200

102 94

225

gt 6 Month Quit Rates

31

32

Long WSJ May 3 2011 LeSage American Association of Pharmaceutical Scientists Journal 2006

NicVax 2006

33

NicVax 2013

Genetic Engineering amp Biotechnology News July 19 2011 Hartmann-Boyce Cochrane Database Sys Rev 2012

3 Cannabis Basics

34

35

StreetDrugscom 35

Enwikipediaorg 35

ldquoWhy drink and drive when you can smoke and flyrdquo

ldquoIf we all had a bong wersquod all get alongrdquo

36

bull Mild euphoria and relaxation bull The giggles bull Increased sensitivity to external stimuli Colors seem brighter Smells are more pungent

bull Distortion of time perception

Pleasurable Effects

37

The Molecular Structure

ApiFreebasecom 38

bull THC activates the CB1 and CB2 cannabinoid receptors CB1 has high density in cerebellum basal

ganglia hippocampus cerebral cortex CB1 has low density in the brainstem hence low

risk of respiratory depression CB2 is found in spleen hematopoietic cell lines

mast cells

bull Anandamide is the endogenous ligand

The Cannabinoid System

39

Routes of Administration

bull Smoked marijuana Reaches the brain in minutes Effects last 1 - 3 hours Delivers a lot of THC into the bloodstream

bull Eating or drinking marijuana Takes frac12 - 1 hour to have an effect Effects last up to 4 hours Delivers significantly less THC into the bloodstream

40

Biphasic Distribution

Heather British Journal of Psychiatry 2001

41

41

bull Casual use Up to 10 days in urine 50 positive in hair samples

bull Heavy use Up to 30 days in urine 85 positive in hair samples

bull Weight loss gives serial UTox spike bull Dronabinol gives positive test bull Passive inhalation gives negative test

Toxicology Testing

42

Cannabis Potency

NSDUH TEDS National Seizure System

43

If drunk ndash you run the RED lights If stoned ndash you stop at the GREEN lights

Cannabis Intoxication

44

bull Irritability and restlessness bull Aggression bull Insomnia bull Appetite decrease bull Withdrawal syndrome is not As painful as heroin withdrawal As dangerous as alcohol withdrawal or As long-lasting as cocaine withdrawal

bull No indication for treatment

Cannabis Withdrawal

45

Neurocognitive Decline ndash 8 IQ points

Meier PNAS 2012

46

46

Tobacco 32

Heroin 23

Cocaine 17

Alcohol 15

Sedatives 9

Cannabis 9

Addictive Potential

47

Anthony Exp Clin Psychopharmacol 1994

4 Cannabis Treatments

48

49

V CBT CBT + V

V CBT CBT + V

Wee

ks of

Con

tinuo

us A

bstin

ence

3 Month Abstinence Rate

69

35 (a)

53 17 20

43 (bc)

(a) V vs CBT comparison p lt 05 (b) CBT+V vs CBT comparison p lt 05 (c) CBT+V vs V comparison p lt 05

Vouchers and CBT

Budney J Consult Clinical Psychology 2006 slide courtesy of Dr Frances Levin

50

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 0

01

02

03

04

05

06

07

08

09

1

Ret

entio

n Pr

obab

ility

Log Rank Wilcoxon P= 00249 Time to drop

Placebo

Marinol

Week

Dronabinol

Levin Drug Alcohol Depend 2011 slide courtesy of Dr Frances Levin

5 Cannabis

Special Topics 51

The Schizophrenia-Marijuana Link

Caspi Biol Psychiatry 2005

52

Adolescence

MonitoringTheFutureorg

53

bull Therapeutic potential for Pain (cancer multiple sclerosis) Nausea (cancer) Loss of appetite (HIVAIDS) Increased occular pressure (glaucoma)

bull Savitex reg (available only in UK and Canada) is a mouth spray Plant-derived THC ndash 50 Cannabidiol ndash 50

Medical Marijuana

54

55 55

Enwikipediaorg

Synthetic Cannabinoids

Enwikipediaorg 56

Cannabidiol

57

Morgan British Journal of Psychiatry 2008

6 Summary

58

1 Smoking rates are 40 to 70 among those with mental illness 2 to 3 times that of the general population

2 Marijuana is addictive but not as addictive as tobacco heroin cocaine or alcohol

3 Psychotherapy works well for both tobacco and cannabis addiction

4 Pharmacotherapy is proven to be effective for addiction to tobacco but not cannabis

59

Thank you

60

  • TOBACCO and CANNABIS
  • Slide Number 2
  • Slide Number 3
  • Slide Number 4
  • Slide Number 5
  • Slide Number 6
  • Slide Number 7
  • Slide Number 8
  • Slide Number 9
  • Slide Number 10
  • Slide Number 11
  • Slide Number 12
  • Slide Number 13
  • Slide Number 14
  • Slide Number 15
  • Slide Number 16
  • Slide Number 17
  • Slide Number 18
  • Slide Number 19
  • Slide Number 20
  • Slide Number 21
  • Slide Number 22
  • Slide Number 23
  • Slide Number 24
  • Slide Number 25
  • Slide Number 26
  • Slide Number 27
  • Slide Number 28
  • Slide Number 29
  • Slide Number 30
  • Slide Number 31
  • Slide Number 32
  • Slide Number 33
  • Slide Number 34
  • Slide Number 35
  • Slide Number 36
  • Pleasurable Effects
  • Slide Number 38
  • The Cannabinoid System
  • Slide Number 40
  • Biphasic Distribution
  • Toxicology Testing
  • Slide Number 43
  • Cannabis Intoxication
  • Cannabis Withdrawal
  • Neurocognitive Decline ndash 8 IQ points
  • Addictive Potential
  • Slide Number 48
  • Vouchers and CBT
  • Dronabinol
  • Slide Number 51
  • The Schizophrenia-Marijuana Link
  • Adolescence
  • Medical Marijuana
  • Slide Number 55
  • Slide Number 56
  • Cannabidiol
  • Slide Number 58
  • Slide Number 59
  • Thank you

Park between cheek amp gum

Stop chewing at first sign of peppery taste or tingling sensation

Chew slowly

Chew again when peppery taste or tingle fades

Do not eat or drink 15 min before or

after use

Gum Chewing Technique

23

Slide courtesy of Judith J Prochaska PhD MPH - University of California San Francisco

Bupropion

24

1 Easy to use

2 Can be used with NRT or varenicline

3 May delay cessation-related weight gain

4 May be beneficial in patients with coexisting depression

Advantages

25

1 Common side effects Dry mouth

Anxiety

Insomnia (avoid bedtime dosing)

2 Should be avoided in patients with an increased risk for seizures

Disadvantages

26

Varenicline

27

1 Oral formulation with twice-a-day dosing

2 Offers a new mechanism of action for persons who previously failed using other medications

3 Early industry-sponsored trials suggest this agent is superior to bupropion SR

Advantages

28

1 Common side effects Nausea (in up to 33 of patients)

Sleep disturbances (insomnia abnormal dreams)

Constipation

Flatulence

Vomiting

2 Psychiatric Risks

3 Cardiovascular Risks

Disadvantages

29

ldquoStimulated Reportingrdquo

Gunnell BMJ 2009

30

Data adapted from Silagy et al (2004) Cochrane Database Syst Rev Hughes et al (2004) Cochrane Database Syst Rev Gonzales et al (2006) JAMA and Jorenby et al (2006) JAMA

195

146

115

86

164

88

239

118

171

91

200

102 94

225

gt 6 Month Quit Rates

31

32

Long WSJ May 3 2011 LeSage American Association of Pharmaceutical Scientists Journal 2006

NicVax 2006

33

NicVax 2013

Genetic Engineering amp Biotechnology News July 19 2011 Hartmann-Boyce Cochrane Database Sys Rev 2012

3 Cannabis Basics

34

35

StreetDrugscom 35

Enwikipediaorg 35

ldquoWhy drink and drive when you can smoke and flyrdquo

ldquoIf we all had a bong wersquod all get alongrdquo

36

bull Mild euphoria and relaxation bull The giggles bull Increased sensitivity to external stimuli Colors seem brighter Smells are more pungent

bull Distortion of time perception

Pleasurable Effects

37

The Molecular Structure

ApiFreebasecom 38

bull THC activates the CB1 and CB2 cannabinoid receptors CB1 has high density in cerebellum basal

ganglia hippocampus cerebral cortex CB1 has low density in the brainstem hence low

risk of respiratory depression CB2 is found in spleen hematopoietic cell lines

mast cells

bull Anandamide is the endogenous ligand

The Cannabinoid System

39

Routes of Administration

bull Smoked marijuana Reaches the brain in minutes Effects last 1 - 3 hours Delivers a lot of THC into the bloodstream

bull Eating or drinking marijuana Takes frac12 - 1 hour to have an effect Effects last up to 4 hours Delivers significantly less THC into the bloodstream

40

Biphasic Distribution

Heather British Journal of Psychiatry 2001

41

41

bull Casual use Up to 10 days in urine 50 positive in hair samples

bull Heavy use Up to 30 days in urine 85 positive in hair samples

bull Weight loss gives serial UTox spike bull Dronabinol gives positive test bull Passive inhalation gives negative test

Toxicology Testing

42

Cannabis Potency

NSDUH TEDS National Seizure System

43

If drunk ndash you run the RED lights If stoned ndash you stop at the GREEN lights

Cannabis Intoxication

44

bull Irritability and restlessness bull Aggression bull Insomnia bull Appetite decrease bull Withdrawal syndrome is not As painful as heroin withdrawal As dangerous as alcohol withdrawal or As long-lasting as cocaine withdrawal

bull No indication for treatment

Cannabis Withdrawal

45

Neurocognitive Decline ndash 8 IQ points

Meier PNAS 2012

46

46

Tobacco 32

Heroin 23

Cocaine 17

Alcohol 15

Sedatives 9

Cannabis 9

Addictive Potential

47

Anthony Exp Clin Psychopharmacol 1994

4 Cannabis Treatments

48

49

V CBT CBT + V

V CBT CBT + V

Wee

ks of

Con

tinuo

us A

bstin

ence

3 Month Abstinence Rate

69

35 (a)

53 17 20

43 (bc)

(a) V vs CBT comparison p lt 05 (b) CBT+V vs CBT comparison p lt 05 (c) CBT+V vs V comparison p lt 05

Vouchers and CBT

Budney J Consult Clinical Psychology 2006 slide courtesy of Dr Frances Levin

50

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 0

01

02

03

04

05

06

07

08

09

1

Ret

entio

n Pr

obab

ility

Log Rank Wilcoxon P= 00249 Time to drop

Placebo

Marinol

Week

Dronabinol

Levin Drug Alcohol Depend 2011 slide courtesy of Dr Frances Levin

5 Cannabis

Special Topics 51

The Schizophrenia-Marijuana Link

Caspi Biol Psychiatry 2005

52

Adolescence

MonitoringTheFutureorg

53

bull Therapeutic potential for Pain (cancer multiple sclerosis) Nausea (cancer) Loss of appetite (HIVAIDS) Increased occular pressure (glaucoma)

bull Savitex reg (available only in UK and Canada) is a mouth spray Plant-derived THC ndash 50 Cannabidiol ndash 50

Medical Marijuana

54

55 55

Enwikipediaorg

Synthetic Cannabinoids

Enwikipediaorg 56

Cannabidiol

57

Morgan British Journal of Psychiatry 2008

6 Summary

58

1 Smoking rates are 40 to 70 among those with mental illness 2 to 3 times that of the general population

2 Marijuana is addictive but not as addictive as tobacco heroin cocaine or alcohol

3 Psychotherapy works well for both tobacco and cannabis addiction

4 Pharmacotherapy is proven to be effective for addiction to tobacco but not cannabis

59

Thank you

60

  • TOBACCO and CANNABIS
  • Slide Number 2
  • Slide Number 3
  • Slide Number 4
  • Slide Number 5
  • Slide Number 6
  • Slide Number 7
  • Slide Number 8
  • Slide Number 9
  • Slide Number 10
  • Slide Number 11
  • Slide Number 12
  • Slide Number 13
  • Slide Number 14
  • Slide Number 15
  • Slide Number 16
  • Slide Number 17
  • Slide Number 18
  • Slide Number 19
  • Slide Number 20
  • Slide Number 21
  • Slide Number 22
  • Slide Number 23
  • Slide Number 24
  • Slide Number 25
  • Slide Number 26
  • Slide Number 27
  • Slide Number 28
  • Slide Number 29
  • Slide Number 30
  • Slide Number 31
  • Slide Number 32
  • Slide Number 33
  • Slide Number 34
  • Slide Number 35
  • Slide Number 36
  • Pleasurable Effects
  • Slide Number 38
  • The Cannabinoid System
  • Slide Number 40
  • Biphasic Distribution
  • Toxicology Testing
  • Slide Number 43
  • Cannabis Intoxication
  • Cannabis Withdrawal
  • Neurocognitive Decline ndash 8 IQ points
  • Addictive Potential
  • Slide Number 48
  • Vouchers and CBT
  • Dronabinol
  • Slide Number 51
  • The Schizophrenia-Marijuana Link
  • Adolescence
  • Medical Marijuana
  • Slide Number 55
  • Slide Number 56
  • Cannabidiol
  • Slide Number 58
  • Slide Number 59
  • Thank you

Bupropion

24

1 Easy to use

2 Can be used with NRT or varenicline

3 May delay cessation-related weight gain

4 May be beneficial in patients with coexisting depression

Advantages

25

1 Common side effects Dry mouth

Anxiety

Insomnia (avoid bedtime dosing)

2 Should be avoided in patients with an increased risk for seizures

Disadvantages

26

Varenicline

27

1 Oral formulation with twice-a-day dosing

2 Offers a new mechanism of action for persons who previously failed using other medications

3 Early industry-sponsored trials suggest this agent is superior to bupropion SR

Advantages

28

1 Common side effects Nausea (in up to 33 of patients)

Sleep disturbances (insomnia abnormal dreams)

Constipation

Flatulence

Vomiting

2 Psychiatric Risks

3 Cardiovascular Risks

Disadvantages

29

ldquoStimulated Reportingrdquo

Gunnell BMJ 2009

30

Data adapted from Silagy et al (2004) Cochrane Database Syst Rev Hughes et al (2004) Cochrane Database Syst Rev Gonzales et al (2006) JAMA and Jorenby et al (2006) JAMA

195

146

115

86

164

88

239

118

171

91

200

102 94

225

gt 6 Month Quit Rates

31

32

Long WSJ May 3 2011 LeSage American Association of Pharmaceutical Scientists Journal 2006

NicVax 2006

33

NicVax 2013

Genetic Engineering amp Biotechnology News July 19 2011 Hartmann-Boyce Cochrane Database Sys Rev 2012

3 Cannabis Basics

34

35

StreetDrugscom 35

Enwikipediaorg 35

ldquoWhy drink and drive when you can smoke and flyrdquo

ldquoIf we all had a bong wersquod all get alongrdquo

36

bull Mild euphoria and relaxation bull The giggles bull Increased sensitivity to external stimuli Colors seem brighter Smells are more pungent

bull Distortion of time perception

Pleasurable Effects

37

The Molecular Structure

ApiFreebasecom 38

bull THC activates the CB1 and CB2 cannabinoid receptors CB1 has high density in cerebellum basal

ganglia hippocampus cerebral cortex CB1 has low density in the brainstem hence low

risk of respiratory depression CB2 is found in spleen hematopoietic cell lines

mast cells

bull Anandamide is the endogenous ligand

The Cannabinoid System

39

Routes of Administration

bull Smoked marijuana Reaches the brain in minutes Effects last 1 - 3 hours Delivers a lot of THC into the bloodstream

bull Eating or drinking marijuana Takes frac12 - 1 hour to have an effect Effects last up to 4 hours Delivers significantly less THC into the bloodstream

40

Biphasic Distribution

Heather British Journal of Psychiatry 2001

41

41

bull Casual use Up to 10 days in urine 50 positive in hair samples

bull Heavy use Up to 30 days in urine 85 positive in hair samples

bull Weight loss gives serial UTox spike bull Dronabinol gives positive test bull Passive inhalation gives negative test

Toxicology Testing

42

Cannabis Potency

NSDUH TEDS National Seizure System

43

If drunk ndash you run the RED lights If stoned ndash you stop at the GREEN lights

Cannabis Intoxication

44

bull Irritability and restlessness bull Aggression bull Insomnia bull Appetite decrease bull Withdrawal syndrome is not As painful as heroin withdrawal As dangerous as alcohol withdrawal or As long-lasting as cocaine withdrawal

bull No indication for treatment

Cannabis Withdrawal

45

Neurocognitive Decline ndash 8 IQ points

Meier PNAS 2012

46

46

Tobacco 32

Heroin 23

Cocaine 17

Alcohol 15

Sedatives 9

Cannabis 9

Addictive Potential

47

Anthony Exp Clin Psychopharmacol 1994

4 Cannabis Treatments

48

49

V CBT CBT + V

V CBT CBT + V

Wee

ks of

Con

tinuo

us A

bstin

ence

3 Month Abstinence Rate

69

35 (a)

53 17 20

43 (bc)

(a) V vs CBT comparison p lt 05 (b) CBT+V vs CBT comparison p lt 05 (c) CBT+V vs V comparison p lt 05

Vouchers and CBT

Budney J Consult Clinical Psychology 2006 slide courtesy of Dr Frances Levin

50

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 0

01

02

03

04

05

06

07

08

09

1

Ret

entio

n Pr

obab

ility

Log Rank Wilcoxon P= 00249 Time to drop

Placebo

Marinol

Week

Dronabinol

Levin Drug Alcohol Depend 2011 slide courtesy of Dr Frances Levin

5 Cannabis

Special Topics 51

The Schizophrenia-Marijuana Link

Caspi Biol Psychiatry 2005

52

Adolescence

MonitoringTheFutureorg

53

bull Therapeutic potential for Pain (cancer multiple sclerosis) Nausea (cancer) Loss of appetite (HIVAIDS) Increased occular pressure (glaucoma)

bull Savitex reg (available only in UK and Canada) is a mouth spray Plant-derived THC ndash 50 Cannabidiol ndash 50

Medical Marijuana

54

55 55

Enwikipediaorg

Synthetic Cannabinoids

Enwikipediaorg 56

Cannabidiol

57

Morgan British Journal of Psychiatry 2008

6 Summary

58

1 Smoking rates are 40 to 70 among those with mental illness 2 to 3 times that of the general population

2 Marijuana is addictive but not as addictive as tobacco heroin cocaine or alcohol

3 Psychotherapy works well for both tobacco and cannabis addiction

4 Pharmacotherapy is proven to be effective for addiction to tobacco but not cannabis

59

Thank you

60

  • TOBACCO and CANNABIS
  • Slide Number 2
  • Slide Number 3
  • Slide Number 4
  • Slide Number 5
  • Slide Number 6
  • Slide Number 7
  • Slide Number 8
  • Slide Number 9
  • Slide Number 10
  • Slide Number 11
  • Slide Number 12
  • Slide Number 13
  • Slide Number 14
  • Slide Number 15
  • Slide Number 16
  • Slide Number 17
  • Slide Number 18
  • Slide Number 19
  • Slide Number 20
  • Slide Number 21
  • Slide Number 22
  • Slide Number 23
  • Slide Number 24
  • Slide Number 25
  • Slide Number 26
  • Slide Number 27
  • Slide Number 28
  • Slide Number 29
  • Slide Number 30
  • Slide Number 31
  • Slide Number 32
  • Slide Number 33
  • Slide Number 34
  • Slide Number 35
  • Slide Number 36
  • Pleasurable Effects
  • Slide Number 38
  • The Cannabinoid System
  • Slide Number 40
  • Biphasic Distribution
  • Toxicology Testing
  • Slide Number 43
  • Cannabis Intoxication
  • Cannabis Withdrawal
  • Neurocognitive Decline ndash 8 IQ points
  • Addictive Potential
  • Slide Number 48
  • Vouchers and CBT
  • Dronabinol
  • Slide Number 51
  • The Schizophrenia-Marijuana Link
  • Adolescence
  • Medical Marijuana
  • Slide Number 55
  • Slide Number 56
  • Cannabidiol
  • Slide Number 58
  • Slide Number 59
  • Thank you

1 Easy to use

2 Can be used with NRT or varenicline

3 May delay cessation-related weight gain

4 May be beneficial in patients with coexisting depression

Advantages

25

1 Common side effects Dry mouth

Anxiety

Insomnia (avoid bedtime dosing)

2 Should be avoided in patients with an increased risk for seizures

Disadvantages

26

Varenicline

27

1 Oral formulation with twice-a-day dosing

2 Offers a new mechanism of action for persons who previously failed using other medications

3 Early industry-sponsored trials suggest this agent is superior to bupropion SR

Advantages

28

1 Common side effects Nausea (in up to 33 of patients)

Sleep disturbances (insomnia abnormal dreams)

Constipation

Flatulence

Vomiting

2 Psychiatric Risks

3 Cardiovascular Risks

Disadvantages

29

ldquoStimulated Reportingrdquo

Gunnell BMJ 2009

30

Data adapted from Silagy et al (2004) Cochrane Database Syst Rev Hughes et al (2004) Cochrane Database Syst Rev Gonzales et al (2006) JAMA and Jorenby et al (2006) JAMA

195

146

115

86

164

88

239

118

171

91

200

102 94

225

gt 6 Month Quit Rates

31

32

Long WSJ May 3 2011 LeSage American Association of Pharmaceutical Scientists Journal 2006

NicVax 2006

33

NicVax 2013

Genetic Engineering amp Biotechnology News July 19 2011 Hartmann-Boyce Cochrane Database Sys Rev 2012

3 Cannabis Basics

34

35

StreetDrugscom 35

Enwikipediaorg 35

ldquoWhy drink and drive when you can smoke and flyrdquo

ldquoIf we all had a bong wersquod all get alongrdquo

36

bull Mild euphoria and relaxation bull The giggles bull Increased sensitivity to external stimuli Colors seem brighter Smells are more pungent

bull Distortion of time perception

Pleasurable Effects

37

The Molecular Structure

ApiFreebasecom 38

bull THC activates the CB1 and CB2 cannabinoid receptors CB1 has high density in cerebellum basal

ganglia hippocampus cerebral cortex CB1 has low density in the brainstem hence low

risk of respiratory depression CB2 is found in spleen hematopoietic cell lines

mast cells

bull Anandamide is the endogenous ligand

The Cannabinoid System

39

Routes of Administration

bull Smoked marijuana Reaches the brain in minutes Effects last 1 - 3 hours Delivers a lot of THC into the bloodstream

bull Eating or drinking marijuana Takes frac12 - 1 hour to have an effect Effects last up to 4 hours Delivers significantly less THC into the bloodstream

40

Biphasic Distribution

Heather British Journal of Psychiatry 2001

41

41

bull Casual use Up to 10 days in urine 50 positive in hair samples

bull Heavy use Up to 30 days in urine 85 positive in hair samples

bull Weight loss gives serial UTox spike bull Dronabinol gives positive test bull Passive inhalation gives negative test

Toxicology Testing

42

Cannabis Potency

NSDUH TEDS National Seizure System

43

If drunk ndash you run the RED lights If stoned ndash you stop at the GREEN lights

Cannabis Intoxication

44

bull Irritability and restlessness bull Aggression bull Insomnia bull Appetite decrease bull Withdrawal syndrome is not As painful as heroin withdrawal As dangerous as alcohol withdrawal or As long-lasting as cocaine withdrawal

bull No indication for treatment

Cannabis Withdrawal

45

Neurocognitive Decline ndash 8 IQ points

Meier PNAS 2012

46

46

Tobacco 32

Heroin 23

Cocaine 17

Alcohol 15

Sedatives 9

Cannabis 9

Addictive Potential

47

Anthony Exp Clin Psychopharmacol 1994

4 Cannabis Treatments

48

49

V CBT CBT + V

V CBT CBT + V

Wee

ks of

Con

tinuo

us A

bstin

ence

3 Month Abstinence Rate

69

35 (a)

53 17 20

43 (bc)

(a) V vs CBT comparison p lt 05 (b) CBT+V vs CBT comparison p lt 05 (c) CBT+V vs V comparison p lt 05

Vouchers and CBT

Budney J Consult Clinical Psychology 2006 slide courtesy of Dr Frances Levin

50

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 0

01

02

03

04

05

06

07

08

09

1

Ret

entio

n Pr

obab

ility

Log Rank Wilcoxon P= 00249 Time to drop

Placebo

Marinol

Week

Dronabinol

Levin Drug Alcohol Depend 2011 slide courtesy of Dr Frances Levin

5 Cannabis

Special Topics 51

The Schizophrenia-Marijuana Link

Caspi Biol Psychiatry 2005

52

Adolescence

MonitoringTheFutureorg

53

bull Therapeutic potential for Pain (cancer multiple sclerosis) Nausea (cancer) Loss of appetite (HIVAIDS) Increased occular pressure (glaucoma)

bull Savitex reg (available only in UK and Canada) is a mouth spray Plant-derived THC ndash 50 Cannabidiol ndash 50

Medical Marijuana

54

55 55

Enwikipediaorg

Synthetic Cannabinoids

Enwikipediaorg 56

Cannabidiol

57

Morgan British Journal of Psychiatry 2008

6 Summary

58

1 Smoking rates are 40 to 70 among those with mental illness 2 to 3 times that of the general population

2 Marijuana is addictive but not as addictive as tobacco heroin cocaine or alcohol

3 Psychotherapy works well for both tobacco and cannabis addiction

4 Pharmacotherapy is proven to be effective for addiction to tobacco but not cannabis

59

Thank you

60

  • TOBACCO and CANNABIS
  • Slide Number 2
  • Slide Number 3
  • Slide Number 4
  • Slide Number 5
  • Slide Number 6
  • Slide Number 7
  • Slide Number 8
  • Slide Number 9
  • Slide Number 10
  • Slide Number 11
  • Slide Number 12
  • Slide Number 13
  • Slide Number 14
  • Slide Number 15
  • Slide Number 16
  • Slide Number 17
  • Slide Number 18
  • Slide Number 19
  • Slide Number 20
  • Slide Number 21
  • Slide Number 22
  • Slide Number 23
  • Slide Number 24
  • Slide Number 25
  • Slide Number 26
  • Slide Number 27
  • Slide Number 28
  • Slide Number 29
  • Slide Number 30
  • Slide Number 31
  • Slide Number 32
  • Slide Number 33
  • Slide Number 34
  • Slide Number 35
  • Slide Number 36
  • Pleasurable Effects
  • Slide Number 38
  • The Cannabinoid System
  • Slide Number 40
  • Biphasic Distribution
  • Toxicology Testing
  • Slide Number 43
  • Cannabis Intoxication
  • Cannabis Withdrawal
  • Neurocognitive Decline ndash 8 IQ points
  • Addictive Potential
  • Slide Number 48
  • Vouchers and CBT
  • Dronabinol
  • Slide Number 51
  • The Schizophrenia-Marijuana Link
  • Adolescence
  • Medical Marijuana
  • Slide Number 55
  • Slide Number 56
  • Cannabidiol
  • Slide Number 58
  • Slide Number 59
  • Thank you

1 Common side effects Dry mouth

Anxiety

Insomnia (avoid bedtime dosing)

2 Should be avoided in patients with an increased risk for seizures

Disadvantages

26

Varenicline

27

1 Oral formulation with twice-a-day dosing

2 Offers a new mechanism of action for persons who previously failed using other medications

3 Early industry-sponsored trials suggest this agent is superior to bupropion SR

Advantages

28

1 Common side effects Nausea (in up to 33 of patients)

Sleep disturbances (insomnia abnormal dreams)

Constipation

Flatulence

Vomiting

2 Psychiatric Risks

3 Cardiovascular Risks

Disadvantages

29

ldquoStimulated Reportingrdquo

Gunnell BMJ 2009

30

Data adapted from Silagy et al (2004) Cochrane Database Syst Rev Hughes et al (2004) Cochrane Database Syst Rev Gonzales et al (2006) JAMA and Jorenby et al (2006) JAMA

195

146

115

86

164

88

239

118

171

91

200

102 94

225

gt 6 Month Quit Rates

31

32

Long WSJ May 3 2011 LeSage American Association of Pharmaceutical Scientists Journal 2006

NicVax 2006

33

NicVax 2013

Genetic Engineering amp Biotechnology News July 19 2011 Hartmann-Boyce Cochrane Database Sys Rev 2012

3 Cannabis Basics

34

35

StreetDrugscom 35

Enwikipediaorg 35

ldquoWhy drink and drive when you can smoke and flyrdquo

ldquoIf we all had a bong wersquod all get alongrdquo

36

bull Mild euphoria and relaxation bull The giggles bull Increased sensitivity to external stimuli Colors seem brighter Smells are more pungent

bull Distortion of time perception

Pleasurable Effects

37

The Molecular Structure

ApiFreebasecom 38

bull THC activates the CB1 and CB2 cannabinoid receptors CB1 has high density in cerebellum basal

ganglia hippocampus cerebral cortex CB1 has low density in the brainstem hence low

risk of respiratory depression CB2 is found in spleen hematopoietic cell lines

mast cells

bull Anandamide is the endogenous ligand

The Cannabinoid System

39

Routes of Administration

bull Smoked marijuana Reaches the brain in minutes Effects last 1 - 3 hours Delivers a lot of THC into the bloodstream

bull Eating or drinking marijuana Takes frac12 - 1 hour to have an effect Effects last up to 4 hours Delivers significantly less THC into the bloodstream

40

Biphasic Distribution

Heather British Journal of Psychiatry 2001

41

41

bull Casual use Up to 10 days in urine 50 positive in hair samples

bull Heavy use Up to 30 days in urine 85 positive in hair samples

bull Weight loss gives serial UTox spike bull Dronabinol gives positive test bull Passive inhalation gives negative test

Toxicology Testing

42

Cannabis Potency

NSDUH TEDS National Seizure System

43

If drunk ndash you run the RED lights If stoned ndash you stop at the GREEN lights

Cannabis Intoxication

44

bull Irritability and restlessness bull Aggression bull Insomnia bull Appetite decrease bull Withdrawal syndrome is not As painful as heroin withdrawal As dangerous as alcohol withdrawal or As long-lasting as cocaine withdrawal

bull No indication for treatment

Cannabis Withdrawal

45

Neurocognitive Decline ndash 8 IQ points

Meier PNAS 2012

46

46

Tobacco 32

Heroin 23

Cocaine 17

Alcohol 15

Sedatives 9

Cannabis 9

Addictive Potential

47

Anthony Exp Clin Psychopharmacol 1994

4 Cannabis Treatments

48

49

V CBT CBT + V

V CBT CBT + V

Wee

ks of

Con

tinuo

us A

bstin

ence

3 Month Abstinence Rate

69

35 (a)

53 17 20

43 (bc)

(a) V vs CBT comparison p lt 05 (b) CBT+V vs CBT comparison p lt 05 (c) CBT+V vs V comparison p lt 05

Vouchers and CBT

Budney J Consult Clinical Psychology 2006 slide courtesy of Dr Frances Levin

50

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 0

01

02

03

04

05

06

07

08

09

1

Ret

entio

n Pr

obab

ility

Log Rank Wilcoxon P= 00249 Time to drop

Placebo

Marinol

Week

Dronabinol

Levin Drug Alcohol Depend 2011 slide courtesy of Dr Frances Levin

5 Cannabis

Special Topics 51

The Schizophrenia-Marijuana Link

Caspi Biol Psychiatry 2005

52

Adolescence

MonitoringTheFutureorg

53

bull Therapeutic potential for Pain (cancer multiple sclerosis) Nausea (cancer) Loss of appetite (HIVAIDS) Increased occular pressure (glaucoma)

bull Savitex reg (available only in UK and Canada) is a mouth spray Plant-derived THC ndash 50 Cannabidiol ndash 50

Medical Marijuana

54

55 55

Enwikipediaorg

Synthetic Cannabinoids

Enwikipediaorg 56

Cannabidiol

57

Morgan British Journal of Psychiatry 2008

6 Summary

58

1 Smoking rates are 40 to 70 among those with mental illness 2 to 3 times that of the general population

2 Marijuana is addictive but not as addictive as tobacco heroin cocaine or alcohol

3 Psychotherapy works well for both tobacco and cannabis addiction

4 Pharmacotherapy is proven to be effective for addiction to tobacco but not cannabis

59

Thank you

60

  • TOBACCO and CANNABIS
  • Slide Number 2
  • Slide Number 3
  • Slide Number 4
  • Slide Number 5
  • Slide Number 6
  • Slide Number 7
  • Slide Number 8
  • Slide Number 9
  • Slide Number 10
  • Slide Number 11
  • Slide Number 12
  • Slide Number 13
  • Slide Number 14
  • Slide Number 15
  • Slide Number 16
  • Slide Number 17
  • Slide Number 18
  • Slide Number 19
  • Slide Number 20
  • Slide Number 21
  • Slide Number 22
  • Slide Number 23
  • Slide Number 24
  • Slide Number 25
  • Slide Number 26
  • Slide Number 27
  • Slide Number 28
  • Slide Number 29
  • Slide Number 30
  • Slide Number 31
  • Slide Number 32
  • Slide Number 33
  • Slide Number 34
  • Slide Number 35
  • Slide Number 36
  • Pleasurable Effects
  • Slide Number 38
  • The Cannabinoid System
  • Slide Number 40
  • Biphasic Distribution
  • Toxicology Testing
  • Slide Number 43
  • Cannabis Intoxication
  • Cannabis Withdrawal
  • Neurocognitive Decline ndash 8 IQ points
  • Addictive Potential
  • Slide Number 48
  • Vouchers and CBT
  • Dronabinol
  • Slide Number 51
  • The Schizophrenia-Marijuana Link
  • Adolescence
  • Medical Marijuana
  • Slide Number 55
  • Slide Number 56
  • Cannabidiol
  • Slide Number 58
  • Slide Number 59
  • Thank you

Varenicline

27

1 Oral formulation with twice-a-day dosing

2 Offers a new mechanism of action for persons who previously failed using other medications

3 Early industry-sponsored trials suggest this agent is superior to bupropion SR

Advantages

28

1 Common side effects Nausea (in up to 33 of patients)

Sleep disturbances (insomnia abnormal dreams)

Constipation

Flatulence

Vomiting

2 Psychiatric Risks

3 Cardiovascular Risks

Disadvantages

29

ldquoStimulated Reportingrdquo

Gunnell BMJ 2009

30

Data adapted from Silagy et al (2004) Cochrane Database Syst Rev Hughes et al (2004) Cochrane Database Syst Rev Gonzales et al (2006) JAMA and Jorenby et al (2006) JAMA

195

146

115

86

164

88

239

118

171

91

200

102 94

225

gt 6 Month Quit Rates

31

32

Long WSJ May 3 2011 LeSage American Association of Pharmaceutical Scientists Journal 2006

NicVax 2006

33

NicVax 2013

Genetic Engineering amp Biotechnology News July 19 2011 Hartmann-Boyce Cochrane Database Sys Rev 2012

3 Cannabis Basics

34

35

StreetDrugscom 35

Enwikipediaorg 35

ldquoWhy drink and drive when you can smoke and flyrdquo

ldquoIf we all had a bong wersquod all get alongrdquo

36

bull Mild euphoria and relaxation bull The giggles bull Increased sensitivity to external stimuli Colors seem brighter Smells are more pungent

bull Distortion of time perception

Pleasurable Effects

37

The Molecular Structure

ApiFreebasecom 38

bull THC activates the CB1 and CB2 cannabinoid receptors CB1 has high density in cerebellum basal

ganglia hippocampus cerebral cortex CB1 has low density in the brainstem hence low

risk of respiratory depression CB2 is found in spleen hematopoietic cell lines

mast cells

bull Anandamide is the endogenous ligand

The Cannabinoid System

39

Routes of Administration

bull Smoked marijuana Reaches the brain in minutes Effects last 1 - 3 hours Delivers a lot of THC into the bloodstream

bull Eating or drinking marijuana Takes frac12 - 1 hour to have an effect Effects last up to 4 hours Delivers significantly less THC into the bloodstream

40

Biphasic Distribution

Heather British Journal of Psychiatry 2001

41

41

bull Casual use Up to 10 days in urine 50 positive in hair samples

bull Heavy use Up to 30 days in urine 85 positive in hair samples

bull Weight loss gives serial UTox spike bull Dronabinol gives positive test bull Passive inhalation gives negative test

Toxicology Testing

42

Cannabis Potency

NSDUH TEDS National Seizure System

43

If drunk ndash you run the RED lights If stoned ndash you stop at the GREEN lights

Cannabis Intoxication

44

bull Irritability and restlessness bull Aggression bull Insomnia bull Appetite decrease bull Withdrawal syndrome is not As painful as heroin withdrawal As dangerous as alcohol withdrawal or As long-lasting as cocaine withdrawal

bull No indication for treatment

Cannabis Withdrawal

45

Neurocognitive Decline ndash 8 IQ points

Meier PNAS 2012

46

46

Tobacco 32

Heroin 23

Cocaine 17

Alcohol 15

Sedatives 9

Cannabis 9

Addictive Potential

47

Anthony Exp Clin Psychopharmacol 1994

4 Cannabis Treatments

48

49

V CBT CBT + V

V CBT CBT + V

Wee

ks of

Con

tinuo

us A

bstin

ence

3 Month Abstinence Rate

69

35 (a)

53 17 20

43 (bc)

(a) V vs CBT comparison p lt 05 (b) CBT+V vs CBT comparison p lt 05 (c) CBT+V vs V comparison p lt 05

Vouchers and CBT

Budney J Consult Clinical Psychology 2006 slide courtesy of Dr Frances Levin

50

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 0

01

02

03

04

05

06

07

08

09

1

Ret

entio

n Pr

obab

ility

Log Rank Wilcoxon P= 00249 Time to drop

Placebo

Marinol

Week

Dronabinol

Levin Drug Alcohol Depend 2011 slide courtesy of Dr Frances Levin

5 Cannabis

Special Topics 51

The Schizophrenia-Marijuana Link

Caspi Biol Psychiatry 2005

52

Adolescence

MonitoringTheFutureorg

53

bull Therapeutic potential for Pain (cancer multiple sclerosis) Nausea (cancer) Loss of appetite (HIVAIDS) Increased occular pressure (glaucoma)

bull Savitex reg (available only in UK and Canada) is a mouth spray Plant-derived THC ndash 50 Cannabidiol ndash 50

Medical Marijuana

54

55 55

Enwikipediaorg

Synthetic Cannabinoids

Enwikipediaorg 56

Cannabidiol

57

Morgan British Journal of Psychiatry 2008

6 Summary

58

1 Smoking rates are 40 to 70 among those with mental illness 2 to 3 times that of the general population

2 Marijuana is addictive but not as addictive as tobacco heroin cocaine or alcohol

3 Psychotherapy works well for both tobacco and cannabis addiction

4 Pharmacotherapy is proven to be effective for addiction to tobacco but not cannabis

59

Thank you

60

  • TOBACCO and CANNABIS
  • Slide Number 2
  • Slide Number 3
  • Slide Number 4
  • Slide Number 5
  • Slide Number 6
  • Slide Number 7
  • Slide Number 8
  • Slide Number 9
  • Slide Number 10
  • Slide Number 11
  • Slide Number 12
  • Slide Number 13
  • Slide Number 14
  • Slide Number 15
  • Slide Number 16
  • Slide Number 17
  • Slide Number 18
  • Slide Number 19
  • Slide Number 20
  • Slide Number 21
  • Slide Number 22
  • Slide Number 23
  • Slide Number 24
  • Slide Number 25
  • Slide Number 26
  • Slide Number 27
  • Slide Number 28
  • Slide Number 29
  • Slide Number 30
  • Slide Number 31
  • Slide Number 32
  • Slide Number 33
  • Slide Number 34
  • Slide Number 35
  • Slide Number 36
  • Pleasurable Effects
  • Slide Number 38
  • The Cannabinoid System
  • Slide Number 40
  • Biphasic Distribution
  • Toxicology Testing
  • Slide Number 43
  • Cannabis Intoxication
  • Cannabis Withdrawal
  • Neurocognitive Decline ndash 8 IQ points
  • Addictive Potential
  • Slide Number 48
  • Vouchers and CBT
  • Dronabinol
  • Slide Number 51
  • The Schizophrenia-Marijuana Link
  • Adolescence
  • Medical Marijuana
  • Slide Number 55
  • Slide Number 56
  • Cannabidiol
  • Slide Number 58
  • Slide Number 59
  • Thank you

1 Oral formulation with twice-a-day dosing

2 Offers a new mechanism of action for persons who previously failed using other medications

3 Early industry-sponsored trials suggest this agent is superior to bupropion SR

Advantages

28

1 Common side effects Nausea (in up to 33 of patients)

Sleep disturbances (insomnia abnormal dreams)

Constipation

Flatulence

Vomiting

2 Psychiatric Risks

3 Cardiovascular Risks

Disadvantages

29

ldquoStimulated Reportingrdquo

Gunnell BMJ 2009

30

Data adapted from Silagy et al (2004) Cochrane Database Syst Rev Hughes et al (2004) Cochrane Database Syst Rev Gonzales et al (2006) JAMA and Jorenby et al (2006) JAMA

195

146

115

86

164

88

239

118

171

91

200

102 94

225

gt 6 Month Quit Rates

31

32

Long WSJ May 3 2011 LeSage American Association of Pharmaceutical Scientists Journal 2006

NicVax 2006

33

NicVax 2013

Genetic Engineering amp Biotechnology News July 19 2011 Hartmann-Boyce Cochrane Database Sys Rev 2012

3 Cannabis Basics

34

35

StreetDrugscom 35

Enwikipediaorg 35

ldquoWhy drink and drive when you can smoke and flyrdquo

ldquoIf we all had a bong wersquod all get alongrdquo

36

bull Mild euphoria and relaxation bull The giggles bull Increased sensitivity to external stimuli Colors seem brighter Smells are more pungent

bull Distortion of time perception

Pleasurable Effects

37

The Molecular Structure

ApiFreebasecom 38

bull THC activates the CB1 and CB2 cannabinoid receptors CB1 has high density in cerebellum basal

ganglia hippocampus cerebral cortex CB1 has low density in the brainstem hence low

risk of respiratory depression CB2 is found in spleen hematopoietic cell lines

mast cells

bull Anandamide is the endogenous ligand

The Cannabinoid System

39

Routes of Administration

bull Smoked marijuana Reaches the brain in minutes Effects last 1 - 3 hours Delivers a lot of THC into the bloodstream

bull Eating or drinking marijuana Takes frac12 - 1 hour to have an effect Effects last up to 4 hours Delivers significantly less THC into the bloodstream

40

Biphasic Distribution

Heather British Journal of Psychiatry 2001

41

41

bull Casual use Up to 10 days in urine 50 positive in hair samples

bull Heavy use Up to 30 days in urine 85 positive in hair samples

bull Weight loss gives serial UTox spike bull Dronabinol gives positive test bull Passive inhalation gives negative test

Toxicology Testing

42

Cannabis Potency

NSDUH TEDS National Seizure System

43

If drunk ndash you run the RED lights If stoned ndash you stop at the GREEN lights

Cannabis Intoxication

44

bull Irritability and restlessness bull Aggression bull Insomnia bull Appetite decrease bull Withdrawal syndrome is not As painful as heroin withdrawal As dangerous as alcohol withdrawal or As long-lasting as cocaine withdrawal

bull No indication for treatment

Cannabis Withdrawal

45

Neurocognitive Decline ndash 8 IQ points

Meier PNAS 2012

46

46

Tobacco 32

Heroin 23

Cocaine 17

Alcohol 15

Sedatives 9

Cannabis 9

Addictive Potential

47

Anthony Exp Clin Psychopharmacol 1994

4 Cannabis Treatments

48

49

V CBT CBT + V

V CBT CBT + V

Wee

ks of

Con

tinuo

us A

bstin

ence

3 Month Abstinence Rate

69

35 (a)

53 17 20

43 (bc)

(a) V vs CBT comparison p lt 05 (b) CBT+V vs CBT comparison p lt 05 (c) CBT+V vs V comparison p lt 05

Vouchers and CBT

Budney J Consult Clinical Psychology 2006 slide courtesy of Dr Frances Levin

50

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 0

01

02

03

04

05

06

07

08

09

1

Ret

entio

n Pr

obab

ility

Log Rank Wilcoxon P= 00249 Time to drop

Placebo

Marinol

Week

Dronabinol

Levin Drug Alcohol Depend 2011 slide courtesy of Dr Frances Levin

5 Cannabis

Special Topics 51

The Schizophrenia-Marijuana Link

Caspi Biol Psychiatry 2005

52

Adolescence

MonitoringTheFutureorg

53

bull Therapeutic potential for Pain (cancer multiple sclerosis) Nausea (cancer) Loss of appetite (HIVAIDS) Increased occular pressure (glaucoma)

bull Savitex reg (available only in UK and Canada) is a mouth spray Plant-derived THC ndash 50 Cannabidiol ndash 50

Medical Marijuana

54

55 55

Enwikipediaorg

Synthetic Cannabinoids

Enwikipediaorg 56

Cannabidiol

57

Morgan British Journal of Psychiatry 2008

6 Summary

58

1 Smoking rates are 40 to 70 among those with mental illness 2 to 3 times that of the general population

2 Marijuana is addictive but not as addictive as tobacco heroin cocaine or alcohol

3 Psychotherapy works well for both tobacco and cannabis addiction

4 Pharmacotherapy is proven to be effective for addiction to tobacco but not cannabis

59

Thank you

60

  • TOBACCO and CANNABIS
  • Slide Number 2
  • Slide Number 3
  • Slide Number 4
  • Slide Number 5
  • Slide Number 6
  • Slide Number 7
  • Slide Number 8
  • Slide Number 9
  • Slide Number 10
  • Slide Number 11
  • Slide Number 12
  • Slide Number 13
  • Slide Number 14
  • Slide Number 15
  • Slide Number 16
  • Slide Number 17
  • Slide Number 18
  • Slide Number 19
  • Slide Number 20
  • Slide Number 21
  • Slide Number 22
  • Slide Number 23
  • Slide Number 24
  • Slide Number 25
  • Slide Number 26
  • Slide Number 27
  • Slide Number 28
  • Slide Number 29
  • Slide Number 30
  • Slide Number 31
  • Slide Number 32
  • Slide Number 33
  • Slide Number 34
  • Slide Number 35
  • Slide Number 36
  • Pleasurable Effects
  • Slide Number 38
  • The Cannabinoid System
  • Slide Number 40
  • Biphasic Distribution
  • Toxicology Testing
  • Slide Number 43
  • Cannabis Intoxication
  • Cannabis Withdrawal
  • Neurocognitive Decline ndash 8 IQ points
  • Addictive Potential
  • Slide Number 48
  • Vouchers and CBT
  • Dronabinol
  • Slide Number 51
  • The Schizophrenia-Marijuana Link
  • Adolescence
  • Medical Marijuana
  • Slide Number 55
  • Slide Number 56
  • Cannabidiol
  • Slide Number 58
  • Slide Number 59
  • Thank you

1 Common side effects Nausea (in up to 33 of patients)

Sleep disturbances (insomnia abnormal dreams)

Constipation

Flatulence

Vomiting

2 Psychiatric Risks

3 Cardiovascular Risks

Disadvantages

29

ldquoStimulated Reportingrdquo

Gunnell BMJ 2009

30

Data adapted from Silagy et al (2004) Cochrane Database Syst Rev Hughes et al (2004) Cochrane Database Syst Rev Gonzales et al (2006) JAMA and Jorenby et al (2006) JAMA

195

146

115

86

164

88

239

118

171

91

200

102 94

225

gt 6 Month Quit Rates

31

32

Long WSJ May 3 2011 LeSage American Association of Pharmaceutical Scientists Journal 2006

NicVax 2006

33

NicVax 2013

Genetic Engineering amp Biotechnology News July 19 2011 Hartmann-Boyce Cochrane Database Sys Rev 2012

3 Cannabis Basics

34

35

StreetDrugscom 35

Enwikipediaorg 35

ldquoWhy drink and drive when you can smoke and flyrdquo

ldquoIf we all had a bong wersquod all get alongrdquo

36

bull Mild euphoria and relaxation bull The giggles bull Increased sensitivity to external stimuli Colors seem brighter Smells are more pungent

bull Distortion of time perception

Pleasurable Effects

37

The Molecular Structure

ApiFreebasecom 38

bull THC activates the CB1 and CB2 cannabinoid receptors CB1 has high density in cerebellum basal

ganglia hippocampus cerebral cortex CB1 has low density in the brainstem hence low

risk of respiratory depression CB2 is found in spleen hematopoietic cell lines

mast cells

bull Anandamide is the endogenous ligand

The Cannabinoid System

39

Routes of Administration

bull Smoked marijuana Reaches the brain in minutes Effects last 1 - 3 hours Delivers a lot of THC into the bloodstream

bull Eating or drinking marijuana Takes frac12 - 1 hour to have an effect Effects last up to 4 hours Delivers significantly less THC into the bloodstream

40

Biphasic Distribution

Heather British Journal of Psychiatry 2001

41

41

bull Casual use Up to 10 days in urine 50 positive in hair samples

bull Heavy use Up to 30 days in urine 85 positive in hair samples

bull Weight loss gives serial UTox spike bull Dronabinol gives positive test bull Passive inhalation gives negative test

Toxicology Testing

42

Cannabis Potency

NSDUH TEDS National Seizure System

43

If drunk ndash you run the RED lights If stoned ndash you stop at the GREEN lights

Cannabis Intoxication

44

bull Irritability and restlessness bull Aggression bull Insomnia bull Appetite decrease bull Withdrawal syndrome is not As painful as heroin withdrawal As dangerous as alcohol withdrawal or As long-lasting as cocaine withdrawal

bull No indication for treatment

Cannabis Withdrawal

45

Neurocognitive Decline ndash 8 IQ points

Meier PNAS 2012

46

46

Tobacco 32

Heroin 23

Cocaine 17

Alcohol 15

Sedatives 9

Cannabis 9

Addictive Potential

47

Anthony Exp Clin Psychopharmacol 1994

4 Cannabis Treatments

48

49

V CBT CBT + V

V CBT CBT + V

Wee

ks of

Con

tinuo

us A

bstin

ence

3 Month Abstinence Rate

69

35 (a)

53 17 20

43 (bc)

(a) V vs CBT comparison p lt 05 (b) CBT+V vs CBT comparison p lt 05 (c) CBT+V vs V comparison p lt 05

Vouchers and CBT

Budney J Consult Clinical Psychology 2006 slide courtesy of Dr Frances Levin

50

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 0

01

02

03

04

05

06

07

08

09

1

Ret

entio

n Pr

obab

ility

Log Rank Wilcoxon P= 00249 Time to drop

Placebo

Marinol

Week

Dronabinol

Levin Drug Alcohol Depend 2011 slide courtesy of Dr Frances Levin

5 Cannabis

Special Topics 51

The Schizophrenia-Marijuana Link

Caspi Biol Psychiatry 2005

52

Adolescence

MonitoringTheFutureorg

53

bull Therapeutic potential for Pain (cancer multiple sclerosis) Nausea (cancer) Loss of appetite (HIVAIDS) Increased occular pressure (glaucoma)

bull Savitex reg (available only in UK and Canada) is a mouth spray Plant-derived THC ndash 50 Cannabidiol ndash 50

Medical Marijuana

54

55 55

Enwikipediaorg

Synthetic Cannabinoids

Enwikipediaorg 56

Cannabidiol

57

Morgan British Journal of Psychiatry 2008

6 Summary

58

1 Smoking rates are 40 to 70 among those with mental illness 2 to 3 times that of the general population

2 Marijuana is addictive but not as addictive as tobacco heroin cocaine or alcohol

3 Psychotherapy works well for both tobacco and cannabis addiction

4 Pharmacotherapy is proven to be effective for addiction to tobacco but not cannabis

59

Thank you

60

  • TOBACCO and CANNABIS
  • Slide Number 2
  • Slide Number 3
  • Slide Number 4
  • Slide Number 5
  • Slide Number 6
  • Slide Number 7
  • Slide Number 8
  • Slide Number 9
  • Slide Number 10
  • Slide Number 11
  • Slide Number 12
  • Slide Number 13
  • Slide Number 14
  • Slide Number 15
  • Slide Number 16
  • Slide Number 17
  • Slide Number 18
  • Slide Number 19
  • Slide Number 20
  • Slide Number 21
  • Slide Number 22
  • Slide Number 23
  • Slide Number 24
  • Slide Number 25
  • Slide Number 26
  • Slide Number 27
  • Slide Number 28
  • Slide Number 29
  • Slide Number 30
  • Slide Number 31
  • Slide Number 32
  • Slide Number 33
  • Slide Number 34
  • Slide Number 35
  • Slide Number 36
  • Pleasurable Effects
  • Slide Number 38
  • The Cannabinoid System
  • Slide Number 40
  • Biphasic Distribution
  • Toxicology Testing
  • Slide Number 43
  • Cannabis Intoxication
  • Cannabis Withdrawal
  • Neurocognitive Decline ndash 8 IQ points
  • Addictive Potential
  • Slide Number 48
  • Vouchers and CBT
  • Dronabinol
  • Slide Number 51
  • The Schizophrenia-Marijuana Link
  • Adolescence
  • Medical Marijuana
  • Slide Number 55
  • Slide Number 56
  • Cannabidiol
  • Slide Number 58
  • Slide Number 59
  • Thank you

ldquoStimulated Reportingrdquo

Gunnell BMJ 2009

30

Data adapted from Silagy et al (2004) Cochrane Database Syst Rev Hughes et al (2004) Cochrane Database Syst Rev Gonzales et al (2006) JAMA and Jorenby et al (2006) JAMA

195

146

115

86

164

88

239

118

171

91

200

102 94

225

gt 6 Month Quit Rates

31

32

Long WSJ May 3 2011 LeSage American Association of Pharmaceutical Scientists Journal 2006

NicVax 2006

33

NicVax 2013

Genetic Engineering amp Biotechnology News July 19 2011 Hartmann-Boyce Cochrane Database Sys Rev 2012

3 Cannabis Basics

34

35

StreetDrugscom 35

Enwikipediaorg 35

ldquoWhy drink and drive when you can smoke and flyrdquo

ldquoIf we all had a bong wersquod all get alongrdquo

36

bull Mild euphoria and relaxation bull The giggles bull Increased sensitivity to external stimuli Colors seem brighter Smells are more pungent

bull Distortion of time perception

Pleasurable Effects

37

The Molecular Structure

ApiFreebasecom 38

bull THC activates the CB1 and CB2 cannabinoid receptors CB1 has high density in cerebellum basal

ganglia hippocampus cerebral cortex CB1 has low density in the brainstem hence low

risk of respiratory depression CB2 is found in spleen hematopoietic cell lines

mast cells

bull Anandamide is the endogenous ligand

The Cannabinoid System

39

Routes of Administration

bull Smoked marijuana Reaches the brain in minutes Effects last 1 - 3 hours Delivers a lot of THC into the bloodstream

bull Eating or drinking marijuana Takes frac12 - 1 hour to have an effect Effects last up to 4 hours Delivers significantly less THC into the bloodstream

40

Biphasic Distribution

Heather British Journal of Psychiatry 2001

41

41

bull Casual use Up to 10 days in urine 50 positive in hair samples

bull Heavy use Up to 30 days in urine 85 positive in hair samples

bull Weight loss gives serial UTox spike bull Dronabinol gives positive test bull Passive inhalation gives negative test

Toxicology Testing

42

Cannabis Potency

NSDUH TEDS National Seizure System

43

If drunk ndash you run the RED lights If stoned ndash you stop at the GREEN lights

Cannabis Intoxication

44

bull Irritability and restlessness bull Aggression bull Insomnia bull Appetite decrease bull Withdrawal syndrome is not As painful as heroin withdrawal As dangerous as alcohol withdrawal or As long-lasting as cocaine withdrawal

bull No indication for treatment

Cannabis Withdrawal

45

Neurocognitive Decline ndash 8 IQ points

Meier PNAS 2012

46

46

Tobacco 32

Heroin 23

Cocaine 17

Alcohol 15

Sedatives 9

Cannabis 9

Addictive Potential

47

Anthony Exp Clin Psychopharmacol 1994

4 Cannabis Treatments

48

49

V CBT CBT + V

V CBT CBT + V

Wee

ks of

Con

tinuo

us A

bstin

ence

3 Month Abstinence Rate

69

35 (a)

53 17 20

43 (bc)

(a) V vs CBT comparison p lt 05 (b) CBT+V vs CBT comparison p lt 05 (c) CBT+V vs V comparison p lt 05

Vouchers and CBT

Budney J Consult Clinical Psychology 2006 slide courtesy of Dr Frances Levin

50

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 0

01

02

03

04

05

06

07

08

09

1

Ret

entio

n Pr

obab

ility

Log Rank Wilcoxon P= 00249 Time to drop

Placebo

Marinol

Week

Dronabinol

Levin Drug Alcohol Depend 2011 slide courtesy of Dr Frances Levin

5 Cannabis

Special Topics 51

The Schizophrenia-Marijuana Link

Caspi Biol Psychiatry 2005

52

Adolescence

MonitoringTheFutureorg

53

bull Therapeutic potential for Pain (cancer multiple sclerosis) Nausea (cancer) Loss of appetite (HIVAIDS) Increased occular pressure (glaucoma)

bull Savitex reg (available only in UK and Canada) is a mouth spray Plant-derived THC ndash 50 Cannabidiol ndash 50

Medical Marijuana

54

55 55

Enwikipediaorg

Synthetic Cannabinoids

Enwikipediaorg 56

Cannabidiol

57

Morgan British Journal of Psychiatry 2008

6 Summary

58

1 Smoking rates are 40 to 70 among those with mental illness 2 to 3 times that of the general population

2 Marijuana is addictive but not as addictive as tobacco heroin cocaine or alcohol

3 Psychotherapy works well for both tobacco and cannabis addiction

4 Pharmacotherapy is proven to be effective for addiction to tobacco but not cannabis

59

Thank you

60

  • TOBACCO and CANNABIS
  • Slide Number 2
  • Slide Number 3
  • Slide Number 4
  • Slide Number 5
  • Slide Number 6
  • Slide Number 7
  • Slide Number 8
  • Slide Number 9
  • Slide Number 10
  • Slide Number 11
  • Slide Number 12
  • Slide Number 13
  • Slide Number 14
  • Slide Number 15
  • Slide Number 16
  • Slide Number 17
  • Slide Number 18
  • Slide Number 19
  • Slide Number 20
  • Slide Number 21
  • Slide Number 22
  • Slide Number 23
  • Slide Number 24
  • Slide Number 25
  • Slide Number 26
  • Slide Number 27
  • Slide Number 28
  • Slide Number 29
  • Slide Number 30
  • Slide Number 31
  • Slide Number 32
  • Slide Number 33
  • Slide Number 34
  • Slide Number 35
  • Slide Number 36
  • Pleasurable Effects
  • Slide Number 38
  • The Cannabinoid System
  • Slide Number 40
  • Biphasic Distribution
  • Toxicology Testing
  • Slide Number 43
  • Cannabis Intoxication
  • Cannabis Withdrawal
  • Neurocognitive Decline ndash 8 IQ points
  • Addictive Potential
  • Slide Number 48
  • Vouchers and CBT
  • Dronabinol
  • Slide Number 51
  • The Schizophrenia-Marijuana Link
  • Adolescence
  • Medical Marijuana
  • Slide Number 55
  • Slide Number 56
  • Cannabidiol
  • Slide Number 58
  • Slide Number 59
  • Thank you

Data adapted from Silagy et al (2004) Cochrane Database Syst Rev Hughes et al (2004) Cochrane Database Syst Rev Gonzales et al (2006) JAMA and Jorenby et al (2006) JAMA

195

146

115

86

164

88

239

118

171

91

200

102 94

225

gt 6 Month Quit Rates

31

32

Long WSJ May 3 2011 LeSage American Association of Pharmaceutical Scientists Journal 2006

NicVax 2006

33

NicVax 2013

Genetic Engineering amp Biotechnology News July 19 2011 Hartmann-Boyce Cochrane Database Sys Rev 2012

3 Cannabis Basics

34

35

StreetDrugscom 35

Enwikipediaorg 35

ldquoWhy drink and drive when you can smoke and flyrdquo

ldquoIf we all had a bong wersquod all get alongrdquo

36

bull Mild euphoria and relaxation bull The giggles bull Increased sensitivity to external stimuli Colors seem brighter Smells are more pungent

bull Distortion of time perception

Pleasurable Effects

37

The Molecular Structure

ApiFreebasecom 38

bull THC activates the CB1 and CB2 cannabinoid receptors CB1 has high density in cerebellum basal

ganglia hippocampus cerebral cortex CB1 has low density in the brainstem hence low

risk of respiratory depression CB2 is found in spleen hematopoietic cell lines

mast cells

bull Anandamide is the endogenous ligand

The Cannabinoid System

39

Routes of Administration

bull Smoked marijuana Reaches the brain in minutes Effects last 1 - 3 hours Delivers a lot of THC into the bloodstream

bull Eating or drinking marijuana Takes frac12 - 1 hour to have an effect Effects last up to 4 hours Delivers significantly less THC into the bloodstream

40

Biphasic Distribution

Heather British Journal of Psychiatry 2001

41

41

bull Casual use Up to 10 days in urine 50 positive in hair samples

bull Heavy use Up to 30 days in urine 85 positive in hair samples

bull Weight loss gives serial UTox spike bull Dronabinol gives positive test bull Passive inhalation gives negative test

Toxicology Testing

42

Cannabis Potency

NSDUH TEDS National Seizure System

43

If drunk ndash you run the RED lights If stoned ndash you stop at the GREEN lights

Cannabis Intoxication

44

bull Irritability and restlessness bull Aggression bull Insomnia bull Appetite decrease bull Withdrawal syndrome is not As painful as heroin withdrawal As dangerous as alcohol withdrawal or As long-lasting as cocaine withdrawal

bull No indication for treatment

Cannabis Withdrawal

45

Neurocognitive Decline ndash 8 IQ points

Meier PNAS 2012

46

46

Tobacco 32

Heroin 23

Cocaine 17

Alcohol 15

Sedatives 9

Cannabis 9

Addictive Potential

47

Anthony Exp Clin Psychopharmacol 1994

4 Cannabis Treatments

48

49

V CBT CBT + V

V CBT CBT + V

Wee

ks of

Con

tinuo

us A

bstin

ence

3 Month Abstinence Rate

69

35 (a)

53 17 20

43 (bc)

(a) V vs CBT comparison p lt 05 (b) CBT+V vs CBT comparison p lt 05 (c) CBT+V vs V comparison p lt 05

Vouchers and CBT

Budney J Consult Clinical Psychology 2006 slide courtesy of Dr Frances Levin

50

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 0

01

02

03

04

05

06

07

08

09

1

Ret

entio

n Pr

obab

ility

Log Rank Wilcoxon P= 00249 Time to drop

Placebo

Marinol

Week

Dronabinol

Levin Drug Alcohol Depend 2011 slide courtesy of Dr Frances Levin

5 Cannabis

Special Topics 51

The Schizophrenia-Marijuana Link

Caspi Biol Psychiatry 2005

52

Adolescence

MonitoringTheFutureorg

53

bull Therapeutic potential for Pain (cancer multiple sclerosis) Nausea (cancer) Loss of appetite (HIVAIDS) Increased occular pressure (glaucoma)

bull Savitex reg (available only in UK and Canada) is a mouth spray Plant-derived THC ndash 50 Cannabidiol ndash 50

Medical Marijuana

54

55 55

Enwikipediaorg

Synthetic Cannabinoids

Enwikipediaorg 56

Cannabidiol

57

Morgan British Journal of Psychiatry 2008

6 Summary

58

1 Smoking rates are 40 to 70 among those with mental illness 2 to 3 times that of the general population

2 Marijuana is addictive but not as addictive as tobacco heroin cocaine or alcohol

3 Psychotherapy works well for both tobacco and cannabis addiction

4 Pharmacotherapy is proven to be effective for addiction to tobacco but not cannabis

59

Thank you

60

  • TOBACCO and CANNABIS
  • Slide Number 2
  • Slide Number 3
  • Slide Number 4
  • Slide Number 5
  • Slide Number 6
  • Slide Number 7
  • Slide Number 8
  • Slide Number 9
  • Slide Number 10
  • Slide Number 11
  • Slide Number 12
  • Slide Number 13
  • Slide Number 14
  • Slide Number 15
  • Slide Number 16
  • Slide Number 17
  • Slide Number 18
  • Slide Number 19
  • Slide Number 20
  • Slide Number 21
  • Slide Number 22
  • Slide Number 23
  • Slide Number 24
  • Slide Number 25
  • Slide Number 26
  • Slide Number 27
  • Slide Number 28
  • Slide Number 29
  • Slide Number 30
  • Slide Number 31
  • Slide Number 32
  • Slide Number 33
  • Slide Number 34
  • Slide Number 35
  • Slide Number 36
  • Pleasurable Effects
  • Slide Number 38
  • The Cannabinoid System
  • Slide Number 40
  • Biphasic Distribution
  • Toxicology Testing
  • Slide Number 43
  • Cannabis Intoxication
  • Cannabis Withdrawal
  • Neurocognitive Decline ndash 8 IQ points
  • Addictive Potential
  • Slide Number 48
  • Vouchers and CBT
  • Dronabinol
  • Slide Number 51
  • The Schizophrenia-Marijuana Link
  • Adolescence
  • Medical Marijuana
  • Slide Number 55
  • Slide Number 56
  • Cannabidiol
  • Slide Number 58
  • Slide Number 59
  • Thank you

32

Long WSJ May 3 2011 LeSage American Association of Pharmaceutical Scientists Journal 2006

NicVax 2006

33

NicVax 2013

Genetic Engineering amp Biotechnology News July 19 2011 Hartmann-Boyce Cochrane Database Sys Rev 2012

3 Cannabis Basics

34

35

StreetDrugscom 35

Enwikipediaorg 35

ldquoWhy drink and drive when you can smoke and flyrdquo

ldquoIf we all had a bong wersquod all get alongrdquo

36

bull Mild euphoria and relaxation bull The giggles bull Increased sensitivity to external stimuli Colors seem brighter Smells are more pungent

bull Distortion of time perception

Pleasurable Effects

37

The Molecular Structure

ApiFreebasecom 38

bull THC activates the CB1 and CB2 cannabinoid receptors CB1 has high density in cerebellum basal

ganglia hippocampus cerebral cortex CB1 has low density in the brainstem hence low

risk of respiratory depression CB2 is found in spleen hematopoietic cell lines

mast cells

bull Anandamide is the endogenous ligand

The Cannabinoid System

39

Routes of Administration

bull Smoked marijuana Reaches the brain in minutes Effects last 1 - 3 hours Delivers a lot of THC into the bloodstream

bull Eating or drinking marijuana Takes frac12 - 1 hour to have an effect Effects last up to 4 hours Delivers significantly less THC into the bloodstream

40

Biphasic Distribution

Heather British Journal of Psychiatry 2001

41

41

bull Casual use Up to 10 days in urine 50 positive in hair samples

bull Heavy use Up to 30 days in urine 85 positive in hair samples

bull Weight loss gives serial UTox spike bull Dronabinol gives positive test bull Passive inhalation gives negative test

Toxicology Testing

42

Cannabis Potency

NSDUH TEDS National Seizure System

43

If drunk ndash you run the RED lights If stoned ndash you stop at the GREEN lights

Cannabis Intoxication

44

bull Irritability and restlessness bull Aggression bull Insomnia bull Appetite decrease bull Withdrawal syndrome is not As painful as heroin withdrawal As dangerous as alcohol withdrawal or As long-lasting as cocaine withdrawal

bull No indication for treatment

Cannabis Withdrawal

45

Neurocognitive Decline ndash 8 IQ points

Meier PNAS 2012

46

46

Tobacco 32

Heroin 23

Cocaine 17

Alcohol 15

Sedatives 9

Cannabis 9

Addictive Potential

47

Anthony Exp Clin Psychopharmacol 1994

4 Cannabis Treatments

48

49

V CBT CBT + V

V CBT CBT + V

Wee

ks of

Con

tinuo

us A

bstin

ence

3 Month Abstinence Rate

69

35 (a)

53 17 20

43 (bc)

(a) V vs CBT comparison p lt 05 (b) CBT+V vs CBT comparison p lt 05 (c) CBT+V vs V comparison p lt 05

Vouchers and CBT

Budney J Consult Clinical Psychology 2006 slide courtesy of Dr Frances Levin

50

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 0

01

02

03

04

05

06

07

08

09

1

Ret

entio

n Pr

obab

ility

Log Rank Wilcoxon P= 00249 Time to drop

Placebo

Marinol

Week

Dronabinol

Levin Drug Alcohol Depend 2011 slide courtesy of Dr Frances Levin

5 Cannabis

Special Topics 51

The Schizophrenia-Marijuana Link

Caspi Biol Psychiatry 2005

52

Adolescence

MonitoringTheFutureorg

53

bull Therapeutic potential for Pain (cancer multiple sclerosis) Nausea (cancer) Loss of appetite (HIVAIDS) Increased occular pressure (glaucoma)

bull Savitex reg (available only in UK and Canada) is a mouth spray Plant-derived THC ndash 50 Cannabidiol ndash 50

Medical Marijuana

54

55 55

Enwikipediaorg

Synthetic Cannabinoids

Enwikipediaorg 56

Cannabidiol

57

Morgan British Journal of Psychiatry 2008

6 Summary

58

1 Smoking rates are 40 to 70 among those with mental illness 2 to 3 times that of the general population

2 Marijuana is addictive but not as addictive as tobacco heroin cocaine or alcohol

3 Psychotherapy works well for both tobacco and cannabis addiction

4 Pharmacotherapy is proven to be effective for addiction to tobacco but not cannabis

59

Thank you

60

  • TOBACCO and CANNABIS
  • Slide Number 2
  • Slide Number 3
  • Slide Number 4
  • Slide Number 5
  • Slide Number 6
  • Slide Number 7
  • Slide Number 8
  • Slide Number 9
  • Slide Number 10
  • Slide Number 11
  • Slide Number 12
  • Slide Number 13
  • Slide Number 14
  • Slide Number 15
  • Slide Number 16
  • Slide Number 17
  • Slide Number 18
  • Slide Number 19
  • Slide Number 20
  • Slide Number 21
  • Slide Number 22
  • Slide Number 23
  • Slide Number 24
  • Slide Number 25
  • Slide Number 26
  • Slide Number 27
  • Slide Number 28
  • Slide Number 29
  • Slide Number 30
  • Slide Number 31
  • Slide Number 32
  • Slide Number 33
  • Slide Number 34
  • Slide Number 35
  • Slide Number 36
  • Pleasurable Effects
  • Slide Number 38
  • The Cannabinoid System
  • Slide Number 40
  • Biphasic Distribution
  • Toxicology Testing
  • Slide Number 43
  • Cannabis Intoxication
  • Cannabis Withdrawal
  • Neurocognitive Decline ndash 8 IQ points
  • Addictive Potential
  • Slide Number 48
  • Vouchers and CBT
  • Dronabinol
  • Slide Number 51
  • The Schizophrenia-Marijuana Link
  • Adolescence
  • Medical Marijuana
  • Slide Number 55
  • Slide Number 56
  • Cannabidiol
  • Slide Number 58
  • Slide Number 59
  • Thank you

33

NicVax 2013

Genetic Engineering amp Biotechnology News July 19 2011 Hartmann-Boyce Cochrane Database Sys Rev 2012

3 Cannabis Basics

34

35

StreetDrugscom 35

Enwikipediaorg 35

ldquoWhy drink and drive when you can smoke and flyrdquo

ldquoIf we all had a bong wersquod all get alongrdquo

36

bull Mild euphoria and relaxation bull The giggles bull Increased sensitivity to external stimuli Colors seem brighter Smells are more pungent

bull Distortion of time perception

Pleasurable Effects

37

The Molecular Structure

ApiFreebasecom 38

bull THC activates the CB1 and CB2 cannabinoid receptors CB1 has high density in cerebellum basal

ganglia hippocampus cerebral cortex CB1 has low density in the brainstem hence low

risk of respiratory depression CB2 is found in spleen hematopoietic cell lines

mast cells

bull Anandamide is the endogenous ligand

The Cannabinoid System

39

Routes of Administration

bull Smoked marijuana Reaches the brain in minutes Effects last 1 - 3 hours Delivers a lot of THC into the bloodstream

bull Eating or drinking marijuana Takes frac12 - 1 hour to have an effect Effects last up to 4 hours Delivers significantly less THC into the bloodstream

40

Biphasic Distribution

Heather British Journal of Psychiatry 2001

41

41

bull Casual use Up to 10 days in urine 50 positive in hair samples

bull Heavy use Up to 30 days in urine 85 positive in hair samples

bull Weight loss gives serial UTox spike bull Dronabinol gives positive test bull Passive inhalation gives negative test

Toxicology Testing

42

Cannabis Potency

NSDUH TEDS National Seizure System

43

If drunk ndash you run the RED lights If stoned ndash you stop at the GREEN lights

Cannabis Intoxication

44

bull Irritability and restlessness bull Aggression bull Insomnia bull Appetite decrease bull Withdrawal syndrome is not As painful as heroin withdrawal As dangerous as alcohol withdrawal or As long-lasting as cocaine withdrawal

bull No indication for treatment

Cannabis Withdrawal

45

Neurocognitive Decline ndash 8 IQ points

Meier PNAS 2012

46

46

Tobacco 32

Heroin 23

Cocaine 17

Alcohol 15

Sedatives 9

Cannabis 9

Addictive Potential

47

Anthony Exp Clin Psychopharmacol 1994

4 Cannabis Treatments

48

49

V CBT CBT + V

V CBT CBT + V

Wee

ks of

Con

tinuo

us A

bstin

ence

3 Month Abstinence Rate

69

35 (a)

53 17 20

43 (bc)

(a) V vs CBT comparison p lt 05 (b) CBT+V vs CBT comparison p lt 05 (c) CBT+V vs V comparison p lt 05

Vouchers and CBT

Budney J Consult Clinical Psychology 2006 slide courtesy of Dr Frances Levin

50

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 0

01

02

03

04

05

06

07

08

09

1

Ret

entio

n Pr

obab

ility

Log Rank Wilcoxon P= 00249 Time to drop

Placebo

Marinol

Week

Dronabinol

Levin Drug Alcohol Depend 2011 slide courtesy of Dr Frances Levin

5 Cannabis

Special Topics 51

The Schizophrenia-Marijuana Link

Caspi Biol Psychiatry 2005

52

Adolescence

MonitoringTheFutureorg

53

bull Therapeutic potential for Pain (cancer multiple sclerosis) Nausea (cancer) Loss of appetite (HIVAIDS) Increased occular pressure (glaucoma)

bull Savitex reg (available only in UK and Canada) is a mouth spray Plant-derived THC ndash 50 Cannabidiol ndash 50

Medical Marijuana

54

55 55

Enwikipediaorg

Synthetic Cannabinoids

Enwikipediaorg 56

Cannabidiol

57

Morgan British Journal of Psychiatry 2008

6 Summary

58

1 Smoking rates are 40 to 70 among those with mental illness 2 to 3 times that of the general population

2 Marijuana is addictive but not as addictive as tobacco heroin cocaine or alcohol

3 Psychotherapy works well for both tobacco and cannabis addiction

4 Pharmacotherapy is proven to be effective for addiction to tobacco but not cannabis

59

Thank you

60

  • TOBACCO and CANNABIS
  • Slide Number 2
  • Slide Number 3
  • Slide Number 4
  • Slide Number 5
  • Slide Number 6
  • Slide Number 7
  • Slide Number 8
  • Slide Number 9
  • Slide Number 10
  • Slide Number 11
  • Slide Number 12
  • Slide Number 13
  • Slide Number 14
  • Slide Number 15
  • Slide Number 16
  • Slide Number 17
  • Slide Number 18
  • Slide Number 19
  • Slide Number 20
  • Slide Number 21
  • Slide Number 22
  • Slide Number 23
  • Slide Number 24
  • Slide Number 25
  • Slide Number 26
  • Slide Number 27
  • Slide Number 28
  • Slide Number 29
  • Slide Number 30
  • Slide Number 31
  • Slide Number 32
  • Slide Number 33
  • Slide Number 34
  • Slide Number 35
  • Slide Number 36
  • Pleasurable Effects
  • Slide Number 38
  • The Cannabinoid System
  • Slide Number 40
  • Biphasic Distribution
  • Toxicology Testing
  • Slide Number 43
  • Cannabis Intoxication
  • Cannabis Withdrawal
  • Neurocognitive Decline ndash 8 IQ points
  • Addictive Potential
  • Slide Number 48
  • Vouchers and CBT
  • Dronabinol
  • Slide Number 51
  • The Schizophrenia-Marijuana Link
  • Adolescence
  • Medical Marijuana
  • Slide Number 55
  • Slide Number 56
  • Cannabidiol
  • Slide Number 58
  • Slide Number 59
  • Thank you

3 Cannabis Basics

34

35

StreetDrugscom 35

Enwikipediaorg 35

ldquoWhy drink and drive when you can smoke and flyrdquo

ldquoIf we all had a bong wersquod all get alongrdquo

36

bull Mild euphoria and relaxation bull The giggles bull Increased sensitivity to external stimuli Colors seem brighter Smells are more pungent

bull Distortion of time perception

Pleasurable Effects

37

The Molecular Structure

ApiFreebasecom 38

bull THC activates the CB1 and CB2 cannabinoid receptors CB1 has high density in cerebellum basal

ganglia hippocampus cerebral cortex CB1 has low density in the brainstem hence low

risk of respiratory depression CB2 is found in spleen hematopoietic cell lines

mast cells

bull Anandamide is the endogenous ligand

The Cannabinoid System

39

Routes of Administration

bull Smoked marijuana Reaches the brain in minutes Effects last 1 - 3 hours Delivers a lot of THC into the bloodstream

bull Eating or drinking marijuana Takes frac12 - 1 hour to have an effect Effects last up to 4 hours Delivers significantly less THC into the bloodstream

40

Biphasic Distribution

Heather British Journal of Psychiatry 2001

41

41

bull Casual use Up to 10 days in urine 50 positive in hair samples

bull Heavy use Up to 30 days in urine 85 positive in hair samples

bull Weight loss gives serial UTox spike bull Dronabinol gives positive test bull Passive inhalation gives negative test

Toxicology Testing

42

Cannabis Potency

NSDUH TEDS National Seizure System

43

If drunk ndash you run the RED lights If stoned ndash you stop at the GREEN lights

Cannabis Intoxication

44

bull Irritability and restlessness bull Aggression bull Insomnia bull Appetite decrease bull Withdrawal syndrome is not As painful as heroin withdrawal As dangerous as alcohol withdrawal or As long-lasting as cocaine withdrawal

bull No indication for treatment

Cannabis Withdrawal

45

Neurocognitive Decline ndash 8 IQ points

Meier PNAS 2012

46

46

Tobacco 32

Heroin 23

Cocaine 17

Alcohol 15

Sedatives 9

Cannabis 9

Addictive Potential

47

Anthony Exp Clin Psychopharmacol 1994

4 Cannabis Treatments

48

49

V CBT CBT + V

V CBT CBT + V

Wee

ks of

Con

tinuo

us A

bstin

ence

3 Month Abstinence Rate

69

35 (a)

53 17 20

43 (bc)

(a) V vs CBT comparison p lt 05 (b) CBT+V vs CBT comparison p lt 05 (c) CBT+V vs V comparison p lt 05

Vouchers and CBT

Budney J Consult Clinical Psychology 2006 slide courtesy of Dr Frances Levin

50

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 0

01

02

03

04

05

06

07

08

09

1

Ret

entio

n Pr

obab

ility

Log Rank Wilcoxon P= 00249 Time to drop

Placebo

Marinol

Week

Dronabinol

Levin Drug Alcohol Depend 2011 slide courtesy of Dr Frances Levin

5 Cannabis

Special Topics 51

The Schizophrenia-Marijuana Link

Caspi Biol Psychiatry 2005

52

Adolescence

MonitoringTheFutureorg

53

bull Therapeutic potential for Pain (cancer multiple sclerosis) Nausea (cancer) Loss of appetite (HIVAIDS) Increased occular pressure (glaucoma)

bull Savitex reg (available only in UK and Canada) is a mouth spray Plant-derived THC ndash 50 Cannabidiol ndash 50

Medical Marijuana

54

55 55

Enwikipediaorg

Synthetic Cannabinoids

Enwikipediaorg 56

Cannabidiol

57

Morgan British Journal of Psychiatry 2008

6 Summary

58

1 Smoking rates are 40 to 70 among those with mental illness 2 to 3 times that of the general population

2 Marijuana is addictive but not as addictive as tobacco heroin cocaine or alcohol

3 Psychotherapy works well for both tobacco and cannabis addiction

4 Pharmacotherapy is proven to be effective for addiction to tobacco but not cannabis

59

Thank you

60

  • TOBACCO and CANNABIS
  • Slide Number 2
  • Slide Number 3
  • Slide Number 4
  • Slide Number 5
  • Slide Number 6
  • Slide Number 7
  • Slide Number 8
  • Slide Number 9
  • Slide Number 10
  • Slide Number 11
  • Slide Number 12
  • Slide Number 13
  • Slide Number 14
  • Slide Number 15
  • Slide Number 16
  • Slide Number 17
  • Slide Number 18
  • Slide Number 19
  • Slide Number 20
  • Slide Number 21
  • Slide Number 22
  • Slide Number 23
  • Slide Number 24
  • Slide Number 25
  • Slide Number 26
  • Slide Number 27
  • Slide Number 28
  • Slide Number 29
  • Slide Number 30
  • Slide Number 31
  • Slide Number 32
  • Slide Number 33
  • Slide Number 34
  • Slide Number 35
  • Slide Number 36
  • Pleasurable Effects
  • Slide Number 38
  • The Cannabinoid System
  • Slide Number 40
  • Biphasic Distribution
  • Toxicology Testing
  • Slide Number 43
  • Cannabis Intoxication
  • Cannabis Withdrawal
  • Neurocognitive Decline ndash 8 IQ points
  • Addictive Potential
  • Slide Number 48
  • Vouchers and CBT
  • Dronabinol
  • Slide Number 51
  • The Schizophrenia-Marijuana Link
  • Adolescence
  • Medical Marijuana
  • Slide Number 55
  • Slide Number 56
  • Cannabidiol
  • Slide Number 58
  • Slide Number 59
  • Thank you

35

StreetDrugscom 35

Enwikipediaorg 35

ldquoWhy drink and drive when you can smoke and flyrdquo

ldquoIf we all had a bong wersquod all get alongrdquo

36

bull Mild euphoria and relaxation bull The giggles bull Increased sensitivity to external stimuli Colors seem brighter Smells are more pungent

bull Distortion of time perception

Pleasurable Effects

37

The Molecular Structure

ApiFreebasecom 38

bull THC activates the CB1 and CB2 cannabinoid receptors CB1 has high density in cerebellum basal

ganglia hippocampus cerebral cortex CB1 has low density in the brainstem hence low

risk of respiratory depression CB2 is found in spleen hematopoietic cell lines

mast cells

bull Anandamide is the endogenous ligand

The Cannabinoid System

39

Routes of Administration

bull Smoked marijuana Reaches the brain in minutes Effects last 1 - 3 hours Delivers a lot of THC into the bloodstream

bull Eating or drinking marijuana Takes frac12 - 1 hour to have an effect Effects last up to 4 hours Delivers significantly less THC into the bloodstream

40

Biphasic Distribution

Heather British Journal of Psychiatry 2001

41

41

bull Casual use Up to 10 days in urine 50 positive in hair samples

bull Heavy use Up to 30 days in urine 85 positive in hair samples

bull Weight loss gives serial UTox spike bull Dronabinol gives positive test bull Passive inhalation gives negative test

Toxicology Testing

42

Cannabis Potency

NSDUH TEDS National Seizure System

43

If drunk ndash you run the RED lights If stoned ndash you stop at the GREEN lights

Cannabis Intoxication

44

bull Irritability and restlessness bull Aggression bull Insomnia bull Appetite decrease bull Withdrawal syndrome is not As painful as heroin withdrawal As dangerous as alcohol withdrawal or As long-lasting as cocaine withdrawal

bull No indication for treatment

Cannabis Withdrawal

45

Neurocognitive Decline ndash 8 IQ points

Meier PNAS 2012

46

46

Tobacco 32

Heroin 23

Cocaine 17

Alcohol 15

Sedatives 9

Cannabis 9

Addictive Potential

47

Anthony Exp Clin Psychopharmacol 1994

4 Cannabis Treatments

48

49

V CBT CBT + V

V CBT CBT + V

Wee

ks of

Con

tinuo

us A

bstin

ence

3 Month Abstinence Rate

69

35 (a)

53 17 20

43 (bc)

(a) V vs CBT comparison p lt 05 (b) CBT+V vs CBT comparison p lt 05 (c) CBT+V vs V comparison p lt 05

Vouchers and CBT

Budney J Consult Clinical Psychology 2006 slide courtesy of Dr Frances Levin

50

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 0

01

02

03

04

05

06

07

08

09

1

Ret

entio

n Pr

obab

ility

Log Rank Wilcoxon P= 00249 Time to drop

Placebo

Marinol

Week

Dronabinol

Levin Drug Alcohol Depend 2011 slide courtesy of Dr Frances Levin

5 Cannabis

Special Topics 51

The Schizophrenia-Marijuana Link

Caspi Biol Psychiatry 2005

52

Adolescence

MonitoringTheFutureorg

53

bull Therapeutic potential for Pain (cancer multiple sclerosis) Nausea (cancer) Loss of appetite (HIVAIDS) Increased occular pressure (glaucoma)

bull Savitex reg (available only in UK and Canada) is a mouth spray Plant-derived THC ndash 50 Cannabidiol ndash 50

Medical Marijuana

54

55 55

Enwikipediaorg

Synthetic Cannabinoids

Enwikipediaorg 56

Cannabidiol

57

Morgan British Journal of Psychiatry 2008

6 Summary

58

1 Smoking rates are 40 to 70 among those with mental illness 2 to 3 times that of the general population

2 Marijuana is addictive but not as addictive as tobacco heroin cocaine or alcohol

3 Psychotherapy works well for both tobacco and cannabis addiction

4 Pharmacotherapy is proven to be effective for addiction to tobacco but not cannabis

59

Thank you

60

  • TOBACCO and CANNABIS
  • Slide Number 2
  • Slide Number 3
  • Slide Number 4
  • Slide Number 5
  • Slide Number 6
  • Slide Number 7
  • Slide Number 8
  • Slide Number 9
  • Slide Number 10
  • Slide Number 11
  • Slide Number 12
  • Slide Number 13
  • Slide Number 14
  • Slide Number 15
  • Slide Number 16
  • Slide Number 17
  • Slide Number 18
  • Slide Number 19
  • Slide Number 20
  • Slide Number 21
  • Slide Number 22
  • Slide Number 23
  • Slide Number 24
  • Slide Number 25
  • Slide Number 26
  • Slide Number 27
  • Slide Number 28
  • Slide Number 29
  • Slide Number 30
  • Slide Number 31
  • Slide Number 32
  • Slide Number 33
  • Slide Number 34
  • Slide Number 35
  • Slide Number 36
  • Pleasurable Effects
  • Slide Number 38
  • The Cannabinoid System
  • Slide Number 40
  • Biphasic Distribution
  • Toxicology Testing
  • Slide Number 43
  • Cannabis Intoxication
  • Cannabis Withdrawal
  • Neurocognitive Decline ndash 8 IQ points
  • Addictive Potential
  • Slide Number 48
  • Vouchers and CBT
  • Dronabinol
  • Slide Number 51
  • The Schizophrenia-Marijuana Link
  • Adolescence
  • Medical Marijuana
  • Slide Number 55
  • Slide Number 56
  • Cannabidiol
  • Slide Number 58
  • Slide Number 59
  • Thank you

ldquoWhy drink and drive when you can smoke and flyrdquo

ldquoIf we all had a bong wersquod all get alongrdquo

36

bull Mild euphoria and relaxation bull The giggles bull Increased sensitivity to external stimuli Colors seem brighter Smells are more pungent

bull Distortion of time perception

Pleasurable Effects

37

The Molecular Structure

ApiFreebasecom 38

bull THC activates the CB1 and CB2 cannabinoid receptors CB1 has high density in cerebellum basal

ganglia hippocampus cerebral cortex CB1 has low density in the brainstem hence low

risk of respiratory depression CB2 is found in spleen hematopoietic cell lines

mast cells

bull Anandamide is the endogenous ligand

The Cannabinoid System

39

Routes of Administration

bull Smoked marijuana Reaches the brain in minutes Effects last 1 - 3 hours Delivers a lot of THC into the bloodstream

bull Eating or drinking marijuana Takes frac12 - 1 hour to have an effect Effects last up to 4 hours Delivers significantly less THC into the bloodstream

40

Biphasic Distribution

Heather British Journal of Psychiatry 2001

41

41

bull Casual use Up to 10 days in urine 50 positive in hair samples

bull Heavy use Up to 30 days in urine 85 positive in hair samples

bull Weight loss gives serial UTox spike bull Dronabinol gives positive test bull Passive inhalation gives negative test

Toxicology Testing

42

Cannabis Potency

NSDUH TEDS National Seizure System

43

If drunk ndash you run the RED lights If stoned ndash you stop at the GREEN lights

Cannabis Intoxication

44

bull Irritability and restlessness bull Aggression bull Insomnia bull Appetite decrease bull Withdrawal syndrome is not As painful as heroin withdrawal As dangerous as alcohol withdrawal or As long-lasting as cocaine withdrawal

bull No indication for treatment

Cannabis Withdrawal

45

Neurocognitive Decline ndash 8 IQ points

Meier PNAS 2012

46

46

Tobacco 32

Heroin 23

Cocaine 17

Alcohol 15

Sedatives 9

Cannabis 9

Addictive Potential

47

Anthony Exp Clin Psychopharmacol 1994

4 Cannabis Treatments

48

49

V CBT CBT + V

V CBT CBT + V

Wee

ks of

Con

tinuo

us A

bstin

ence

3 Month Abstinence Rate

69

35 (a)

53 17 20

43 (bc)

(a) V vs CBT comparison p lt 05 (b) CBT+V vs CBT comparison p lt 05 (c) CBT+V vs V comparison p lt 05

Vouchers and CBT

Budney J Consult Clinical Psychology 2006 slide courtesy of Dr Frances Levin

50

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 0

01

02

03

04

05

06

07

08

09

1

Ret

entio

n Pr

obab

ility

Log Rank Wilcoxon P= 00249 Time to drop

Placebo

Marinol

Week

Dronabinol

Levin Drug Alcohol Depend 2011 slide courtesy of Dr Frances Levin

5 Cannabis

Special Topics 51

The Schizophrenia-Marijuana Link

Caspi Biol Psychiatry 2005

52

Adolescence

MonitoringTheFutureorg

53

bull Therapeutic potential for Pain (cancer multiple sclerosis) Nausea (cancer) Loss of appetite (HIVAIDS) Increased occular pressure (glaucoma)

bull Savitex reg (available only in UK and Canada) is a mouth spray Plant-derived THC ndash 50 Cannabidiol ndash 50

Medical Marijuana

54

55 55

Enwikipediaorg

Synthetic Cannabinoids

Enwikipediaorg 56

Cannabidiol

57

Morgan British Journal of Psychiatry 2008

6 Summary

58

1 Smoking rates are 40 to 70 among those with mental illness 2 to 3 times that of the general population

2 Marijuana is addictive but not as addictive as tobacco heroin cocaine or alcohol

3 Psychotherapy works well for both tobacco and cannabis addiction

4 Pharmacotherapy is proven to be effective for addiction to tobacco but not cannabis

59

Thank you

60

  • TOBACCO and CANNABIS
  • Slide Number 2
  • Slide Number 3
  • Slide Number 4
  • Slide Number 5
  • Slide Number 6
  • Slide Number 7
  • Slide Number 8
  • Slide Number 9
  • Slide Number 10
  • Slide Number 11
  • Slide Number 12
  • Slide Number 13
  • Slide Number 14
  • Slide Number 15
  • Slide Number 16
  • Slide Number 17
  • Slide Number 18
  • Slide Number 19
  • Slide Number 20
  • Slide Number 21
  • Slide Number 22
  • Slide Number 23
  • Slide Number 24
  • Slide Number 25
  • Slide Number 26
  • Slide Number 27
  • Slide Number 28
  • Slide Number 29
  • Slide Number 30
  • Slide Number 31
  • Slide Number 32
  • Slide Number 33
  • Slide Number 34
  • Slide Number 35
  • Slide Number 36
  • Pleasurable Effects
  • Slide Number 38
  • The Cannabinoid System
  • Slide Number 40
  • Biphasic Distribution
  • Toxicology Testing
  • Slide Number 43
  • Cannabis Intoxication
  • Cannabis Withdrawal
  • Neurocognitive Decline ndash 8 IQ points
  • Addictive Potential
  • Slide Number 48
  • Vouchers and CBT
  • Dronabinol
  • Slide Number 51
  • The Schizophrenia-Marijuana Link
  • Adolescence
  • Medical Marijuana
  • Slide Number 55
  • Slide Number 56
  • Cannabidiol
  • Slide Number 58
  • Slide Number 59
  • Thank you

bull Mild euphoria and relaxation bull The giggles bull Increased sensitivity to external stimuli Colors seem brighter Smells are more pungent

bull Distortion of time perception

Pleasurable Effects

37

The Molecular Structure

ApiFreebasecom 38

bull THC activates the CB1 and CB2 cannabinoid receptors CB1 has high density in cerebellum basal

ganglia hippocampus cerebral cortex CB1 has low density in the brainstem hence low

risk of respiratory depression CB2 is found in spleen hematopoietic cell lines

mast cells

bull Anandamide is the endogenous ligand

The Cannabinoid System

39

Routes of Administration

bull Smoked marijuana Reaches the brain in minutes Effects last 1 - 3 hours Delivers a lot of THC into the bloodstream

bull Eating or drinking marijuana Takes frac12 - 1 hour to have an effect Effects last up to 4 hours Delivers significantly less THC into the bloodstream

40

Biphasic Distribution

Heather British Journal of Psychiatry 2001

41

41

bull Casual use Up to 10 days in urine 50 positive in hair samples

bull Heavy use Up to 30 days in urine 85 positive in hair samples

bull Weight loss gives serial UTox spike bull Dronabinol gives positive test bull Passive inhalation gives negative test

Toxicology Testing

42

Cannabis Potency

NSDUH TEDS National Seizure System

43

If drunk ndash you run the RED lights If stoned ndash you stop at the GREEN lights

Cannabis Intoxication

44

bull Irritability and restlessness bull Aggression bull Insomnia bull Appetite decrease bull Withdrawal syndrome is not As painful as heroin withdrawal As dangerous as alcohol withdrawal or As long-lasting as cocaine withdrawal

bull No indication for treatment

Cannabis Withdrawal

45

Neurocognitive Decline ndash 8 IQ points

Meier PNAS 2012

46

46

Tobacco 32

Heroin 23

Cocaine 17

Alcohol 15

Sedatives 9

Cannabis 9

Addictive Potential

47

Anthony Exp Clin Psychopharmacol 1994

4 Cannabis Treatments

48

49

V CBT CBT + V

V CBT CBT + V

Wee

ks of

Con

tinuo

us A

bstin

ence

3 Month Abstinence Rate

69

35 (a)

53 17 20

43 (bc)

(a) V vs CBT comparison p lt 05 (b) CBT+V vs CBT comparison p lt 05 (c) CBT+V vs V comparison p lt 05

Vouchers and CBT

Budney J Consult Clinical Psychology 2006 slide courtesy of Dr Frances Levin

50

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 0

01

02

03

04

05

06

07

08

09

1

Ret

entio

n Pr

obab

ility

Log Rank Wilcoxon P= 00249 Time to drop

Placebo

Marinol

Week

Dronabinol

Levin Drug Alcohol Depend 2011 slide courtesy of Dr Frances Levin

5 Cannabis

Special Topics 51

The Schizophrenia-Marijuana Link

Caspi Biol Psychiatry 2005

52

Adolescence

MonitoringTheFutureorg

53

bull Therapeutic potential for Pain (cancer multiple sclerosis) Nausea (cancer) Loss of appetite (HIVAIDS) Increased occular pressure (glaucoma)

bull Savitex reg (available only in UK and Canada) is a mouth spray Plant-derived THC ndash 50 Cannabidiol ndash 50

Medical Marijuana

54

55 55

Enwikipediaorg

Synthetic Cannabinoids

Enwikipediaorg 56

Cannabidiol

57

Morgan British Journal of Psychiatry 2008

6 Summary

58

1 Smoking rates are 40 to 70 among those with mental illness 2 to 3 times that of the general population

2 Marijuana is addictive but not as addictive as tobacco heroin cocaine or alcohol

3 Psychotherapy works well for both tobacco and cannabis addiction

4 Pharmacotherapy is proven to be effective for addiction to tobacco but not cannabis

59

Thank you

60

  • TOBACCO and CANNABIS
  • Slide Number 2
  • Slide Number 3
  • Slide Number 4
  • Slide Number 5
  • Slide Number 6
  • Slide Number 7
  • Slide Number 8
  • Slide Number 9
  • Slide Number 10
  • Slide Number 11
  • Slide Number 12
  • Slide Number 13
  • Slide Number 14
  • Slide Number 15
  • Slide Number 16
  • Slide Number 17
  • Slide Number 18
  • Slide Number 19
  • Slide Number 20
  • Slide Number 21
  • Slide Number 22
  • Slide Number 23
  • Slide Number 24
  • Slide Number 25
  • Slide Number 26
  • Slide Number 27
  • Slide Number 28
  • Slide Number 29
  • Slide Number 30
  • Slide Number 31
  • Slide Number 32
  • Slide Number 33
  • Slide Number 34
  • Slide Number 35
  • Slide Number 36
  • Pleasurable Effects
  • Slide Number 38
  • The Cannabinoid System
  • Slide Number 40
  • Biphasic Distribution
  • Toxicology Testing
  • Slide Number 43
  • Cannabis Intoxication
  • Cannabis Withdrawal
  • Neurocognitive Decline ndash 8 IQ points
  • Addictive Potential
  • Slide Number 48
  • Vouchers and CBT
  • Dronabinol
  • Slide Number 51
  • The Schizophrenia-Marijuana Link
  • Adolescence
  • Medical Marijuana
  • Slide Number 55
  • Slide Number 56
  • Cannabidiol
  • Slide Number 58
  • Slide Number 59
  • Thank you

The Molecular Structure

ApiFreebasecom 38

bull THC activates the CB1 and CB2 cannabinoid receptors CB1 has high density in cerebellum basal

ganglia hippocampus cerebral cortex CB1 has low density in the brainstem hence low

risk of respiratory depression CB2 is found in spleen hematopoietic cell lines

mast cells

bull Anandamide is the endogenous ligand

The Cannabinoid System

39

Routes of Administration

bull Smoked marijuana Reaches the brain in minutes Effects last 1 - 3 hours Delivers a lot of THC into the bloodstream

bull Eating or drinking marijuana Takes frac12 - 1 hour to have an effect Effects last up to 4 hours Delivers significantly less THC into the bloodstream

40

Biphasic Distribution

Heather British Journal of Psychiatry 2001

41

41

bull Casual use Up to 10 days in urine 50 positive in hair samples

bull Heavy use Up to 30 days in urine 85 positive in hair samples

bull Weight loss gives serial UTox spike bull Dronabinol gives positive test bull Passive inhalation gives negative test

Toxicology Testing

42

Cannabis Potency

NSDUH TEDS National Seizure System

43

If drunk ndash you run the RED lights If stoned ndash you stop at the GREEN lights

Cannabis Intoxication

44

bull Irritability and restlessness bull Aggression bull Insomnia bull Appetite decrease bull Withdrawal syndrome is not As painful as heroin withdrawal As dangerous as alcohol withdrawal or As long-lasting as cocaine withdrawal

bull No indication for treatment

Cannabis Withdrawal

45

Neurocognitive Decline ndash 8 IQ points

Meier PNAS 2012

46

46

Tobacco 32

Heroin 23

Cocaine 17

Alcohol 15

Sedatives 9

Cannabis 9

Addictive Potential

47

Anthony Exp Clin Psychopharmacol 1994

4 Cannabis Treatments

48

49

V CBT CBT + V

V CBT CBT + V

Wee

ks of

Con

tinuo

us A

bstin

ence

3 Month Abstinence Rate

69

35 (a)

53 17 20

43 (bc)

(a) V vs CBT comparison p lt 05 (b) CBT+V vs CBT comparison p lt 05 (c) CBT+V vs V comparison p lt 05

Vouchers and CBT

Budney J Consult Clinical Psychology 2006 slide courtesy of Dr Frances Levin

50

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 0

01

02

03

04

05

06

07

08

09

1

Ret

entio

n Pr

obab

ility

Log Rank Wilcoxon P= 00249 Time to drop

Placebo

Marinol

Week

Dronabinol

Levin Drug Alcohol Depend 2011 slide courtesy of Dr Frances Levin

5 Cannabis

Special Topics 51

The Schizophrenia-Marijuana Link

Caspi Biol Psychiatry 2005

52

Adolescence

MonitoringTheFutureorg

53

bull Therapeutic potential for Pain (cancer multiple sclerosis) Nausea (cancer) Loss of appetite (HIVAIDS) Increased occular pressure (glaucoma)

bull Savitex reg (available only in UK and Canada) is a mouth spray Plant-derived THC ndash 50 Cannabidiol ndash 50

Medical Marijuana

54

55 55

Enwikipediaorg

Synthetic Cannabinoids

Enwikipediaorg 56

Cannabidiol

57

Morgan British Journal of Psychiatry 2008

6 Summary

58

1 Smoking rates are 40 to 70 among those with mental illness 2 to 3 times that of the general population

2 Marijuana is addictive but not as addictive as tobacco heroin cocaine or alcohol

3 Psychotherapy works well for both tobacco and cannabis addiction

4 Pharmacotherapy is proven to be effective for addiction to tobacco but not cannabis

59

Thank you

60

  • TOBACCO and CANNABIS
  • Slide Number 2
  • Slide Number 3
  • Slide Number 4
  • Slide Number 5
  • Slide Number 6
  • Slide Number 7
  • Slide Number 8
  • Slide Number 9
  • Slide Number 10
  • Slide Number 11
  • Slide Number 12
  • Slide Number 13
  • Slide Number 14
  • Slide Number 15
  • Slide Number 16
  • Slide Number 17
  • Slide Number 18
  • Slide Number 19
  • Slide Number 20
  • Slide Number 21
  • Slide Number 22
  • Slide Number 23
  • Slide Number 24
  • Slide Number 25
  • Slide Number 26
  • Slide Number 27
  • Slide Number 28
  • Slide Number 29
  • Slide Number 30
  • Slide Number 31
  • Slide Number 32
  • Slide Number 33
  • Slide Number 34
  • Slide Number 35
  • Slide Number 36
  • Pleasurable Effects
  • Slide Number 38
  • The Cannabinoid System
  • Slide Number 40
  • Biphasic Distribution
  • Toxicology Testing
  • Slide Number 43
  • Cannabis Intoxication
  • Cannabis Withdrawal
  • Neurocognitive Decline ndash 8 IQ points
  • Addictive Potential
  • Slide Number 48
  • Vouchers and CBT
  • Dronabinol
  • Slide Number 51
  • The Schizophrenia-Marijuana Link
  • Adolescence
  • Medical Marijuana
  • Slide Number 55
  • Slide Number 56
  • Cannabidiol
  • Slide Number 58
  • Slide Number 59
  • Thank you

bull THC activates the CB1 and CB2 cannabinoid receptors CB1 has high density in cerebellum basal

ganglia hippocampus cerebral cortex CB1 has low density in the brainstem hence low

risk of respiratory depression CB2 is found in spleen hematopoietic cell lines

mast cells

bull Anandamide is the endogenous ligand

The Cannabinoid System

39

Routes of Administration

bull Smoked marijuana Reaches the brain in minutes Effects last 1 - 3 hours Delivers a lot of THC into the bloodstream

bull Eating or drinking marijuana Takes frac12 - 1 hour to have an effect Effects last up to 4 hours Delivers significantly less THC into the bloodstream

40

Biphasic Distribution

Heather British Journal of Psychiatry 2001

41

41

bull Casual use Up to 10 days in urine 50 positive in hair samples

bull Heavy use Up to 30 days in urine 85 positive in hair samples

bull Weight loss gives serial UTox spike bull Dronabinol gives positive test bull Passive inhalation gives negative test

Toxicology Testing

42

Cannabis Potency

NSDUH TEDS National Seizure System

43

If drunk ndash you run the RED lights If stoned ndash you stop at the GREEN lights

Cannabis Intoxication

44

bull Irritability and restlessness bull Aggression bull Insomnia bull Appetite decrease bull Withdrawal syndrome is not As painful as heroin withdrawal As dangerous as alcohol withdrawal or As long-lasting as cocaine withdrawal

bull No indication for treatment

Cannabis Withdrawal

45

Neurocognitive Decline ndash 8 IQ points

Meier PNAS 2012

46

46

Tobacco 32

Heroin 23

Cocaine 17

Alcohol 15

Sedatives 9

Cannabis 9

Addictive Potential

47

Anthony Exp Clin Psychopharmacol 1994

4 Cannabis Treatments

48

49

V CBT CBT + V

V CBT CBT + V

Wee

ks of

Con

tinuo

us A

bstin

ence

3 Month Abstinence Rate

69

35 (a)

53 17 20

43 (bc)

(a) V vs CBT comparison p lt 05 (b) CBT+V vs CBT comparison p lt 05 (c) CBT+V vs V comparison p lt 05

Vouchers and CBT

Budney J Consult Clinical Psychology 2006 slide courtesy of Dr Frances Levin

50

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 0

01

02

03

04

05

06

07

08

09

1

Ret

entio

n Pr

obab

ility

Log Rank Wilcoxon P= 00249 Time to drop

Placebo

Marinol

Week

Dronabinol

Levin Drug Alcohol Depend 2011 slide courtesy of Dr Frances Levin

5 Cannabis

Special Topics 51

The Schizophrenia-Marijuana Link

Caspi Biol Psychiatry 2005

52

Adolescence

MonitoringTheFutureorg

53

bull Therapeutic potential for Pain (cancer multiple sclerosis) Nausea (cancer) Loss of appetite (HIVAIDS) Increased occular pressure (glaucoma)

bull Savitex reg (available only in UK and Canada) is a mouth spray Plant-derived THC ndash 50 Cannabidiol ndash 50

Medical Marijuana

54

55 55

Enwikipediaorg

Synthetic Cannabinoids

Enwikipediaorg 56

Cannabidiol

57

Morgan British Journal of Psychiatry 2008

6 Summary

58

1 Smoking rates are 40 to 70 among those with mental illness 2 to 3 times that of the general population

2 Marijuana is addictive but not as addictive as tobacco heroin cocaine or alcohol

3 Psychotherapy works well for both tobacco and cannabis addiction

4 Pharmacotherapy is proven to be effective for addiction to tobacco but not cannabis

59

Thank you

60

  • TOBACCO and CANNABIS
  • Slide Number 2
  • Slide Number 3
  • Slide Number 4
  • Slide Number 5
  • Slide Number 6
  • Slide Number 7
  • Slide Number 8
  • Slide Number 9
  • Slide Number 10
  • Slide Number 11
  • Slide Number 12
  • Slide Number 13
  • Slide Number 14
  • Slide Number 15
  • Slide Number 16
  • Slide Number 17
  • Slide Number 18
  • Slide Number 19
  • Slide Number 20
  • Slide Number 21
  • Slide Number 22
  • Slide Number 23
  • Slide Number 24
  • Slide Number 25
  • Slide Number 26
  • Slide Number 27
  • Slide Number 28
  • Slide Number 29
  • Slide Number 30
  • Slide Number 31
  • Slide Number 32
  • Slide Number 33
  • Slide Number 34
  • Slide Number 35
  • Slide Number 36
  • Pleasurable Effects
  • Slide Number 38
  • The Cannabinoid System
  • Slide Number 40
  • Biphasic Distribution
  • Toxicology Testing
  • Slide Number 43
  • Cannabis Intoxication
  • Cannabis Withdrawal
  • Neurocognitive Decline ndash 8 IQ points
  • Addictive Potential
  • Slide Number 48
  • Vouchers and CBT
  • Dronabinol
  • Slide Number 51
  • The Schizophrenia-Marijuana Link
  • Adolescence
  • Medical Marijuana
  • Slide Number 55
  • Slide Number 56
  • Cannabidiol
  • Slide Number 58
  • Slide Number 59
  • Thank you

Routes of Administration

bull Smoked marijuana Reaches the brain in minutes Effects last 1 - 3 hours Delivers a lot of THC into the bloodstream

bull Eating or drinking marijuana Takes frac12 - 1 hour to have an effect Effects last up to 4 hours Delivers significantly less THC into the bloodstream

40

Biphasic Distribution

Heather British Journal of Psychiatry 2001

41

41

bull Casual use Up to 10 days in urine 50 positive in hair samples

bull Heavy use Up to 30 days in urine 85 positive in hair samples

bull Weight loss gives serial UTox spike bull Dronabinol gives positive test bull Passive inhalation gives negative test

Toxicology Testing

42

Cannabis Potency

NSDUH TEDS National Seizure System

43

If drunk ndash you run the RED lights If stoned ndash you stop at the GREEN lights

Cannabis Intoxication

44

bull Irritability and restlessness bull Aggression bull Insomnia bull Appetite decrease bull Withdrawal syndrome is not As painful as heroin withdrawal As dangerous as alcohol withdrawal or As long-lasting as cocaine withdrawal

bull No indication for treatment

Cannabis Withdrawal

45

Neurocognitive Decline ndash 8 IQ points

Meier PNAS 2012

46

46

Tobacco 32

Heroin 23

Cocaine 17

Alcohol 15

Sedatives 9

Cannabis 9

Addictive Potential

47

Anthony Exp Clin Psychopharmacol 1994

4 Cannabis Treatments

48

49

V CBT CBT + V

V CBT CBT + V

Wee

ks of

Con

tinuo

us A

bstin

ence

3 Month Abstinence Rate

69

35 (a)

53 17 20

43 (bc)

(a) V vs CBT comparison p lt 05 (b) CBT+V vs CBT comparison p lt 05 (c) CBT+V vs V comparison p lt 05

Vouchers and CBT

Budney J Consult Clinical Psychology 2006 slide courtesy of Dr Frances Levin

50

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 0

01

02

03

04

05

06

07

08

09

1

Ret

entio

n Pr

obab

ility

Log Rank Wilcoxon P= 00249 Time to drop

Placebo

Marinol

Week

Dronabinol

Levin Drug Alcohol Depend 2011 slide courtesy of Dr Frances Levin

5 Cannabis

Special Topics 51

The Schizophrenia-Marijuana Link

Caspi Biol Psychiatry 2005

52

Adolescence

MonitoringTheFutureorg

53

bull Therapeutic potential for Pain (cancer multiple sclerosis) Nausea (cancer) Loss of appetite (HIVAIDS) Increased occular pressure (glaucoma)

bull Savitex reg (available only in UK and Canada) is a mouth spray Plant-derived THC ndash 50 Cannabidiol ndash 50

Medical Marijuana

54

55 55

Enwikipediaorg

Synthetic Cannabinoids

Enwikipediaorg 56

Cannabidiol

57

Morgan British Journal of Psychiatry 2008

6 Summary

58

1 Smoking rates are 40 to 70 among those with mental illness 2 to 3 times that of the general population

2 Marijuana is addictive but not as addictive as tobacco heroin cocaine or alcohol

3 Psychotherapy works well for both tobacco and cannabis addiction

4 Pharmacotherapy is proven to be effective for addiction to tobacco but not cannabis

59

Thank you

60

  • TOBACCO and CANNABIS
  • Slide Number 2
  • Slide Number 3
  • Slide Number 4
  • Slide Number 5
  • Slide Number 6
  • Slide Number 7
  • Slide Number 8
  • Slide Number 9
  • Slide Number 10
  • Slide Number 11
  • Slide Number 12
  • Slide Number 13
  • Slide Number 14
  • Slide Number 15
  • Slide Number 16
  • Slide Number 17
  • Slide Number 18
  • Slide Number 19
  • Slide Number 20
  • Slide Number 21
  • Slide Number 22
  • Slide Number 23
  • Slide Number 24
  • Slide Number 25
  • Slide Number 26
  • Slide Number 27
  • Slide Number 28
  • Slide Number 29
  • Slide Number 30
  • Slide Number 31
  • Slide Number 32
  • Slide Number 33
  • Slide Number 34
  • Slide Number 35
  • Slide Number 36
  • Pleasurable Effects
  • Slide Number 38
  • The Cannabinoid System
  • Slide Number 40
  • Biphasic Distribution
  • Toxicology Testing
  • Slide Number 43
  • Cannabis Intoxication
  • Cannabis Withdrawal
  • Neurocognitive Decline ndash 8 IQ points
  • Addictive Potential
  • Slide Number 48
  • Vouchers and CBT
  • Dronabinol
  • Slide Number 51
  • The Schizophrenia-Marijuana Link
  • Adolescence
  • Medical Marijuana
  • Slide Number 55
  • Slide Number 56
  • Cannabidiol
  • Slide Number 58
  • Slide Number 59
  • Thank you

Biphasic Distribution

Heather British Journal of Psychiatry 2001

41

41

bull Casual use Up to 10 days in urine 50 positive in hair samples

bull Heavy use Up to 30 days in urine 85 positive in hair samples

bull Weight loss gives serial UTox spike bull Dronabinol gives positive test bull Passive inhalation gives negative test

Toxicology Testing

42

Cannabis Potency

NSDUH TEDS National Seizure System

43

If drunk ndash you run the RED lights If stoned ndash you stop at the GREEN lights

Cannabis Intoxication

44

bull Irritability and restlessness bull Aggression bull Insomnia bull Appetite decrease bull Withdrawal syndrome is not As painful as heroin withdrawal As dangerous as alcohol withdrawal or As long-lasting as cocaine withdrawal

bull No indication for treatment

Cannabis Withdrawal

45

Neurocognitive Decline ndash 8 IQ points

Meier PNAS 2012

46

46

Tobacco 32

Heroin 23

Cocaine 17

Alcohol 15

Sedatives 9

Cannabis 9

Addictive Potential

47

Anthony Exp Clin Psychopharmacol 1994

4 Cannabis Treatments

48

49

V CBT CBT + V

V CBT CBT + V

Wee

ks of

Con

tinuo

us A

bstin

ence

3 Month Abstinence Rate

69

35 (a)

53 17 20

43 (bc)

(a) V vs CBT comparison p lt 05 (b) CBT+V vs CBT comparison p lt 05 (c) CBT+V vs V comparison p lt 05

Vouchers and CBT

Budney J Consult Clinical Psychology 2006 slide courtesy of Dr Frances Levin

50

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 0

01

02

03

04

05

06

07

08

09

1

Ret

entio

n Pr

obab

ility

Log Rank Wilcoxon P= 00249 Time to drop

Placebo

Marinol

Week

Dronabinol

Levin Drug Alcohol Depend 2011 slide courtesy of Dr Frances Levin

5 Cannabis

Special Topics 51

The Schizophrenia-Marijuana Link

Caspi Biol Psychiatry 2005

52

Adolescence

MonitoringTheFutureorg

53

bull Therapeutic potential for Pain (cancer multiple sclerosis) Nausea (cancer) Loss of appetite (HIVAIDS) Increased occular pressure (glaucoma)

bull Savitex reg (available only in UK and Canada) is a mouth spray Plant-derived THC ndash 50 Cannabidiol ndash 50

Medical Marijuana

54

55 55

Enwikipediaorg

Synthetic Cannabinoids

Enwikipediaorg 56

Cannabidiol

57

Morgan British Journal of Psychiatry 2008

6 Summary

58

1 Smoking rates are 40 to 70 among those with mental illness 2 to 3 times that of the general population

2 Marijuana is addictive but not as addictive as tobacco heroin cocaine or alcohol

3 Psychotherapy works well for both tobacco and cannabis addiction

4 Pharmacotherapy is proven to be effective for addiction to tobacco but not cannabis

59

Thank you

60

  • TOBACCO and CANNABIS
  • Slide Number 2
  • Slide Number 3
  • Slide Number 4
  • Slide Number 5
  • Slide Number 6
  • Slide Number 7
  • Slide Number 8
  • Slide Number 9
  • Slide Number 10
  • Slide Number 11
  • Slide Number 12
  • Slide Number 13
  • Slide Number 14
  • Slide Number 15
  • Slide Number 16
  • Slide Number 17
  • Slide Number 18
  • Slide Number 19
  • Slide Number 20
  • Slide Number 21
  • Slide Number 22
  • Slide Number 23
  • Slide Number 24
  • Slide Number 25
  • Slide Number 26
  • Slide Number 27
  • Slide Number 28
  • Slide Number 29
  • Slide Number 30
  • Slide Number 31
  • Slide Number 32
  • Slide Number 33
  • Slide Number 34
  • Slide Number 35
  • Slide Number 36
  • Pleasurable Effects
  • Slide Number 38
  • The Cannabinoid System
  • Slide Number 40
  • Biphasic Distribution
  • Toxicology Testing
  • Slide Number 43
  • Cannabis Intoxication
  • Cannabis Withdrawal
  • Neurocognitive Decline ndash 8 IQ points
  • Addictive Potential
  • Slide Number 48
  • Vouchers and CBT
  • Dronabinol
  • Slide Number 51
  • The Schizophrenia-Marijuana Link
  • Adolescence
  • Medical Marijuana
  • Slide Number 55
  • Slide Number 56
  • Cannabidiol
  • Slide Number 58
  • Slide Number 59
  • Thank you

bull Casual use Up to 10 days in urine 50 positive in hair samples

bull Heavy use Up to 30 days in urine 85 positive in hair samples

bull Weight loss gives serial UTox spike bull Dronabinol gives positive test bull Passive inhalation gives negative test

Toxicology Testing

42

Cannabis Potency

NSDUH TEDS National Seizure System

43

If drunk ndash you run the RED lights If stoned ndash you stop at the GREEN lights

Cannabis Intoxication

44

bull Irritability and restlessness bull Aggression bull Insomnia bull Appetite decrease bull Withdrawal syndrome is not As painful as heroin withdrawal As dangerous as alcohol withdrawal or As long-lasting as cocaine withdrawal

bull No indication for treatment

Cannabis Withdrawal

45

Neurocognitive Decline ndash 8 IQ points

Meier PNAS 2012

46

46

Tobacco 32

Heroin 23

Cocaine 17

Alcohol 15

Sedatives 9

Cannabis 9

Addictive Potential

47

Anthony Exp Clin Psychopharmacol 1994

4 Cannabis Treatments

48

49

V CBT CBT + V

V CBT CBT + V

Wee

ks of

Con

tinuo

us A

bstin

ence

3 Month Abstinence Rate

69

35 (a)

53 17 20

43 (bc)

(a) V vs CBT comparison p lt 05 (b) CBT+V vs CBT comparison p lt 05 (c) CBT+V vs V comparison p lt 05

Vouchers and CBT

Budney J Consult Clinical Psychology 2006 slide courtesy of Dr Frances Levin

50

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 0

01

02

03

04

05

06

07

08

09

1

Ret

entio

n Pr

obab

ility

Log Rank Wilcoxon P= 00249 Time to drop

Placebo

Marinol

Week

Dronabinol

Levin Drug Alcohol Depend 2011 slide courtesy of Dr Frances Levin

5 Cannabis

Special Topics 51

The Schizophrenia-Marijuana Link

Caspi Biol Psychiatry 2005

52

Adolescence

MonitoringTheFutureorg

53

bull Therapeutic potential for Pain (cancer multiple sclerosis) Nausea (cancer) Loss of appetite (HIVAIDS) Increased occular pressure (glaucoma)

bull Savitex reg (available only in UK and Canada) is a mouth spray Plant-derived THC ndash 50 Cannabidiol ndash 50

Medical Marijuana

54

55 55

Enwikipediaorg

Synthetic Cannabinoids

Enwikipediaorg 56

Cannabidiol

57

Morgan British Journal of Psychiatry 2008

6 Summary

58

1 Smoking rates are 40 to 70 among those with mental illness 2 to 3 times that of the general population

2 Marijuana is addictive but not as addictive as tobacco heroin cocaine or alcohol

3 Psychotherapy works well for both tobacco and cannabis addiction

4 Pharmacotherapy is proven to be effective for addiction to tobacco but not cannabis

59

Thank you

60

  • TOBACCO and CANNABIS
  • Slide Number 2
  • Slide Number 3
  • Slide Number 4
  • Slide Number 5
  • Slide Number 6
  • Slide Number 7
  • Slide Number 8
  • Slide Number 9
  • Slide Number 10
  • Slide Number 11
  • Slide Number 12
  • Slide Number 13
  • Slide Number 14
  • Slide Number 15
  • Slide Number 16
  • Slide Number 17
  • Slide Number 18
  • Slide Number 19
  • Slide Number 20
  • Slide Number 21
  • Slide Number 22
  • Slide Number 23
  • Slide Number 24
  • Slide Number 25
  • Slide Number 26
  • Slide Number 27
  • Slide Number 28
  • Slide Number 29
  • Slide Number 30
  • Slide Number 31
  • Slide Number 32
  • Slide Number 33
  • Slide Number 34
  • Slide Number 35
  • Slide Number 36
  • Pleasurable Effects
  • Slide Number 38
  • The Cannabinoid System
  • Slide Number 40
  • Biphasic Distribution
  • Toxicology Testing
  • Slide Number 43
  • Cannabis Intoxication
  • Cannabis Withdrawal
  • Neurocognitive Decline ndash 8 IQ points
  • Addictive Potential
  • Slide Number 48
  • Vouchers and CBT
  • Dronabinol
  • Slide Number 51
  • The Schizophrenia-Marijuana Link
  • Adolescence
  • Medical Marijuana
  • Slide Number 55
  • Slide Number 56
  • Cannabidiol
  • Slide Number 58
  • Slide Number 59
  • Thank you

Cannabis Potency

NSDUH TEDS National Seizure System

43

If drunk ndash you run the RED lights If stoned ndash you stop at the GREEN lights

Cannabis Intoxication

44

bull Irritability and restlessness bull Aggression bull Insomnia bull Appetite decrease bull Withdrawal syndrome is not As painful as heroin withdrawal As dangerous as alcohol withdrawal or As long-lasting as cocaine withdrawal

bull No indication for treatment

Cannabis Withdrawal

45

Neurocognitive Decline ndash 8 IQ points

Meier PNAS 2012

46

46

Tobacco 32

Heroin 23

Cocaine 17

Alcohol 15

Sedatives 9

Cannabis 9

Addictive Potential

47

Anthony Exp Clin Psychopharmacol 1994

4 Cannabis Treatments

48

49

V CBT CBT + V

V CBT CBT + V

Wee

ks of

Con

tinuo

us A

bstin

ence

3 Month Abstinence Rate

69

35 (a)

53 17 20

43 (bc)

(a) V vs CBT comparison p lt 05 (b) CBT+V vs CBT comparison p lt 05 (c) CBT+V vs V comparison p lt 05

Vouchers and CBT

Budney J Consult Clinical Psychology 2006 slide courtesy of Dr Frances Levin

50

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 0

01

02

03

04

05

06

07

08

09

1

Ret

entio

n Pr

obab

ility

Log Rank Wilcoxon P= 00249 Time to drop

Placebo

Marinol

Week

Dronabinol

Levin Drug Alcohol Depend 2011 slide courtesy of Dr Frances Levin

5 Cannabis

Special Topics 51

The Schizophrenia-Marijuana Link

Caspi Biol Psychiatry 2005

52

Adolescence

MonitoringTheFutureorg

53

bull Therapeutic potential for Pain (cancer multiple sclerosis) Nausea (cancer) Loss of appetite (HIVAIDS) Increased occular pressure (glaucoma)

bull Savitex reg (available only in UK and Canada) is a mouth spray Plant-derived THC ndash 50 Cannabidiol ndash 50

Medical Marijuana

54

55 55

Enwikipediaorg

Synthetic Cannabinoids

Enwikipediaorg 56

Cannabidiol

57

Morgan British Journal of Psychiatry 2008

6 Summary

58

1 Smoking rates are 40 to 70 among those with mental illness 2 to 3 times that of the general population

2 Marijuana is addictive but not as addictive as tobacco heroin cocaine or alcohol

3 Psychotherapy works well for both tobacco and cannabis addiction

4 Pharmacotherapy is proven to be effective for addiction to tobacco but not cannabis

59

Thank you

60

  • TOBACCO and CANNABIS
  • Slide Number 2
  • Slide Number 3
  • Slide Number 4
  • Slide Number 5
  • Slide Number 6
  • Slide Number 7
  • Slide Number 8
  • Slide Number 9
  • Slide Number 10
  • Slide Number 11
  • Slide Number 12
  • Slide Number 13
  • Slide Number 14
  • Slide Number 15
  • Slide Number 16
  • Slide Number 17
  • Slide Number 18
  • Slide Number 19
  • Slide Number 20
  • Slide Number 21
  • Slide Number 22
  • Slide Number 23
  • Slide Number 24
  • Slide Number 25
  • Slide Number 26
  • Slide Number 27
  • Slide Number 28
  • Slide Number 29
  • Slide Number 30
  • Slide Number 31
  • Slide Number 32
  • Slide Number 33
  • Slide Number 34
  • Slide Number 35
  • Slide Number 36
  • Pleasurable Effects
  • Slide Number 38
  • The Cannabinoid System
  • Slide Number 40
  • Biphasic Distribution
  • Toxicology Testing
  • Slide Number 43
  • Cannabis Intoxication
  • Cannabis Withdrawal
  • Neurocognitive Decline ndash 8 IQ points
  • Addictive Potential
  • Slide Number 48
  • Vouchers and CBT
  • Dronabinol
  • Slide Number 51
  • The Schizophrenia-Marijuana Link
  • Adolescence
  • Medical Marijuana
  • Slide Number 55
  • Slide Number 56
  • Cannabidiol
  • Slide Number 58
  • Slide Number 59
  • Thank you

If drunk ndash you run the RED lights If stoned ndash you stop at the GREEN lights

Cannabis Intoxication

44

bull Irritability and restlessness bull Aggression bull Insomnia bull Appetite decrease bull Withdrawal syndrome is not As painful as heroin withdrawal As dangerous as alcohol withdrawal or As long-lasting as cocaine withdrawal

bull No indication for treatment

Cannabis Withdrawal

45

Neurocognitive Decline ndash 8 IQ points

Meier PNAS 2012

46

46

Tobacco 32

Heroin 23

Cocaine 17

Alcohol 15

Sedatives 9

Cannabis 9

Addictive Potential

47

Anthony Exp Clin Psychopharmacol 1994

4 Cannabis Treatments

48

49

V CBT CBT + V

V CBT CBT + V

Wee

ks of

Con

tinuo

us A

bstin

ence

3 Month Abstinence Rate

69

35 (a)

53 17 20

43 (bc)

(a) V vs CBT comparison p lt 05 (b) CBT+V vs CBT comparison p lt 05 (c) CBT+V vs V comparison p lt 05

Vouchers and CBT

Budney J Consult Clinical Psychology 2006 slide courtesy of Dr Frances Levin

50

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 0

01

02

03

04

05

06

07

08

09

1

Ret

entio

n Pr

obab

ility

Log Rank Wilcoxon P= 00249 Time to drop

Placebo

Marinol

Week

Dronabinol

Levin Drug Alcohol Depend 2011 slide courtesy of Dr Frances Levin

5 Cannabis

Special Topics 51

The Schizophrenia-Marijuana Link

Caspi Biol Psychiatry 2005

52

Adolescence

MonitoringTheFutureorg

53

bull Therapeutic potential for Pain (cancer multiple sclerosis) Nausea (cancer) Loss of appetite (HIVAIDS) Increased occular pressure (glaucoma)

bull Savitex reg (available only in UK and Canada) is a mouth spray Plant-derived THC ndash 50 Cannabidiol ndash 50

Medical Marijuana

54

55 55

Enwikipediaorg

Synthetic Cannabinoids

Enwikipediaorg 56

Cannabidiol

57

Morgan British Journal of Psychiatry 2008

6 Summary

58

1 Smoking rates are 40 to 70 among those with mental illness 2 to 3 times that of the general population

2 Marijuana is addictive but not as addictive as tobacco heroin cocaine or alcohol

3 Psychotherapy works well for both tobacco and cannabis addiction

4 Pharmacotherapy is proven to be effective for addiction to tobacco but not cannabis

59

Thank you

60

  • TOBACCO and CANNABIS
  • Slide Number 2
  • Slide Number 3
  • Slide Number 4
  • Slide Number 5
  • Slide Number 6
  • Slide Number 7
  • Slide Number 8
  • Slide Number 9
  • Slide Number 10
  • Slide Number 11
  • Slide Number 12
  • Slide Number 13
  • Slide Number 14
  • Slide Number 15
  • Slide Number 16
  • Slide Number 17
  • Slide Number 18
  • Slide Number 19
  • Slide Number 20
  • Slide Number 21
  • Slide Number 22
  • Slide Number 23
  • Slide Number 24
  • Slide Number 25
  • Slide Number 26
  • Slide Number 27
  • Slide Number 28
  • Slide Number 29
  • Slide Number 30
  • Slide Number 31
  • Slide Number 32
  • Slide Number 33
  • Slide Number 34
  • Slide Number 35
  • Slide Number 36
  • Pleasurable Effects
  • Slide Number 38
  • The Cannabinoid System
  • Slide Number 40
  • Biphasic Distribution
  • Toxicology Testing
  • Slide Number 43
  • Cannabis Intoxication
  • Cannabis Withdrawal
  • Neurocognitive Decline ndash 8 IQ points
  • Addictive Potential
  • Slide Number 48
  • Vouchers and CBT
  • Dronabinol
  • Slide Number 51
  • The Schizophrenia-Marijuana Link
  • Adolescence
  • Medical Marijuana
  • Slide Number 55
  • Slide Number 56
  • Cannabidiol
  • Slide Number 58
  • Slide Number 59
  • Thank you

bull Irritability and restlessness bull Aggression bull Insomnia bull Appetite decrease bull Withdrawal syndrome is not As painful as heroin withdrawal As dangerous as alcohol withdrawal or As long-lasting as cocaine withdrawal

bull No indication for treatment

Cannabis Withdrawal

45

Neurocognitive Decline ndash 8 IQ points

Meier PNAS 2012

46

46

Tobacco 32

Heroin 23

Cocaine 17

Alcohol 15

Sedatives 9

Cannabis 9

Addictive Potential

47

Anthony Exp Clin Psychopharmacol 1994

4 Cannabis Treatments

48

49

V CBT CBT + V

V CBT CBT + V

Wee

ks of

Con

tinuo

us A

bstin

ence

3 Month Abstinence Rate

69

35 (a)

53 17 20

43 (bc)

(a) V vs CBT comparison p lt 05 (b) CBT+V vs CBT comparison p lt 05 (c) CBT+V vs V comparison p lt 05

Vouchers and CBT

Budney J Consult Clinical Psychology 2006 slide courtesy of Dr Frances Levin

50

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 0

01

02

03

04

05

06

07

08

09

1

Ret

entio

n Pr

obab

ility

Log Rank Wilcoxon P= 00249 Time to drop

Placebo

Marinol

Week

Dronabinol

Levin Drug Alcohol Depend 2011 slide courtesy of Dr Frances Levin

5 Cannabis

Special Topics 51

The Schizophrenia-Marijuana Link

Caspi Biol Psychiatry 2005

52

Adolescence

MonitoringTheFutureorg

53

bull Therapeutic potential for Pain (cancer multiple sclerosis) Nausea (cancer) Loss of appetite (HIVAIDS) Increased occular pressure (glaucoma)

bull Savitex reg (available only in UK and Canada) is a mouth spray Plant-derived THC ndash 50 Cannabidiol ndash 50

Medical Marijuana

54

55 55

Enwikipediaorg

Synthetic Cannabinoids

Enwikipediaorg 56

Cannabidiol

57

Morgan British Journal of Psychiatry 2008

6 Summary

58

1 Smoking rates are 40 to 70 among those with mental illness 2 to 3 times that of the general population

2 Marijuana is addictive but not as addictive as tobacco heroin cocaine or alcohol

3 Psychotherapy works well for both tobacco and cannabis addiction

4 Pharmacotherapy is proven to be effective for addiction to tobacco but not cannabis

59

Thank you

60

  • TOBACCO and CANNABIS
  • Slide Number 2
  • Slide Number 3
  • Slide Number 4
  • Slide Number 5
  • Slide Number 6
  • Slide Number 7
  • Slide Number 8
  • Slide Number 9
  • Slide Number 10
  • Slide Number 11
  • Slide Number 12
  • Slide Number 13
  • Slide Number 14
  • Slide Number 15
  • Slide Number 16
  • Slide Number 17
  • Slide Number 18
  • Slide Number 19
  • Slide Number 20
  • Slide Number 21
  • Slide Number 22
  • Slide Number 23
  • Slide Number 24
  • Slide Number 25
  • Slide Number 26
  • Slide Number 27
  • Slide Number 28
  • Slide Number 29
  • Slide Number 30
  • Slide Number 31
  • Slide Number 32
  • Slide Number 33
  • Slide Number 34
  • Slide Number 35
  • Slide Number 36
  • Pleasurable Effects
  • Slide Number 38
  • The Cannabinoid System
  • Slide Number 40
  • Biphasic Distribution
  • Toxicology Testing
  • Slide Number 43
  • Cannabis Intoxication
  • Cannabis Withdrawal
  • Neurocognitive Decline ndash 8 IQ points
  • Addictive Potential
  • Slide Number 48
  • Vouchers and CBT
  • Dronabinol
  • Slide Number 51
  • The Schizophrenia-Marijuana Link
  • Adolescence
  • Medical Marijuana
  • Slide Number 55
  • Slide Number 56
  • Cannabidiol
  • Slide Number 58
  • Slide Number 59
  • Thank you

Neurocognitive Decline ndash 8 IQ points

Meier PNAS 2012

46

46

Tobacco 32

Heroin 23

Cocaine 17

Alcohol 15

Sedatives 9

Cannabis 9

Addictive Potential

47

Anthony Exp Clin Psychopharmacol 1994

4 Cannabis Treatments

48

49

V CBT CBT + V

V CBT CBT + V

Wee

ks of

Con

tinuo

us A

bstin

ence

3 Month Abstinence Rate

69

35 (a)

53 17 20

43 (bc)

(a) V vs CBT comparison p lt 05 (b) CBT+V vs CBT comparison p lt 05 (c) CBT+V vs V comparison p lt 05

Vouchers and CBT

Budney J Consult Clinical Psychology 2006 slide courtesy of Dr Frances Levin

50

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 0

01

02

03

04

05

06

07

08

09

1

Ret

entio

n Pr

obab

ility

Log Rank Wilcoxon P= 00249 Time to drop

Placebo

Marinol

Week

Dronabinol

Levin Drug Alcohol Depend 2011 slide courtesy of Dr Frances Levin

5 Cannabis

Special Topics 51

The Schizophrenia-Marijuana Link

Caspi Biol Psychiatry 2005

52

Adolescence

MonitoringTheFutureorg

53

bull Therapeutic potential for Pain (cancer multiple sclerosis) Nausea (cancer) Loss of appetite (HIVAIDS) Increased occular pressure (glaucoma)

bull Savitex reg (available only in UK and Canada) is a mouth spray Plant-derived THC ndash 50 Cannabidiol ndash 50

Medical Marijuana

54

55 55

Enwikipediaorg

Synthetic Cannabinoids

Enwikipediaorg 56

Cannabidiol

57

Morgan British Journal of Psychiatry 2008

6 Summary

58

1 Smoking rates are 40 to 70 among those with mental illness 2 to 3 times that of the general population

2 Marijuana is addictive but not as addictive as tobacco heroin cocaine or alcohol

3 Psychotherapy works well for both tobacco and cannabis addiction

4 Pharmacotherapy is proven to be effective for addiction to tobacco but not cannabis

59

Thank you

60

  • TOBACCO and CANNABIS
  • Slide Number 2
  • Slide Number 3
  • Slide Number 4
  • Slide Number 5
  • Slide Number 6
  • Slide Number 7
  • Slide Number 8
  • Slide Number 9
  • Slide Number 10
  • Slide Number 11
  • Slide Number 12
  • Slide Number 13
  • Slide Number 14
  • Slide Number 15
  • Slide Number 16
  • Slide Number 17
  • Slide Number 18
  • Slide Number 19
  • Slide Number 20
  • Slide Number 21
  • Slide Number 22
  • Slide Number 23
  • Slide Number 24
  • Slide Number 25
  • Slide Number 26
  • Slide Number 27
  • Slide Number 28
  • Slide Number 29
  • Slide Number 30
  • Slide Number 31
  • Slide Number 32
  • Slide Number 33
  • Slide Number 34
  • Slide Number 35
  • Slide Number 36
  • Pleasurable Effects
  • Slide Number 38
  • The Cannabinoid System
  • Slide Number 40
  • Biphasic Distribution
  • Toxicology Testing
  • Slide Number 43
  • Cannabis Intoxication
  • Cannabis Withdrawal
  • Neurocognitive Decline ndash 8 IQ points
  • Addictive Potential
  • Slide Number 48
  • Vouchers and CBT
  • Dronabinol
  • Slide Number 51
  • The Schizophrenia-Marijuana Link
  • Adolescence
  • Medical Marijuana
  • Slide Number 55
  • Slide Number 56
  • Cannabidiol
  • Slide Number 58
  • Slide Number 59
  • Thank you

Tobacco 32

Heroin 23

Cocaine 17

Alcohol 15

Sedatives 9

Cannabis 9

Addictive Potential

47

Anthony Exp Clin Psychopharmacol 1994

4 Cannabis Treatments

48

49

V CBT CBT + V

V CBT CBT + V

Wee

ks of

Con

tinuo

us A

bstin

ence

3 Month Abstinence Rate

69

35 (a)

53 17 20

43 (bc)

(a) V vs CBT comparison p lt 05 (b) CBT+V vs CBT comparison p lt 05 (c) CBT+V vs V comparison p lt 05

Vouchers and CBT

Budney J Consult Clinical Psychology 2006 slide courtesy of Dr Frances Levin

50

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 0

01

02

03

04

05

06

07

08

09

1

Ret

entio

n Pr

obab

ility

Log Rank Wilcoxon P= 00249 Time to drop

Placebo

Marinol

Week

Dronabinol

Levin Drug Alcohol Depend 2011 slide courtesy of Dr Frances Levin

5 Cannabis

Special Topics 51

The Schizophrenia-Marijuana Link

Caspi Biol Psychiatry 2005

52

Adolescence

MonitoringTheFutureorg

53

bull Therapeutic potential for Pain (cancer multiple sclerosis) Nausea (cancer) Loss of appetite (HIVAIDS) Increased occular pressure (glaucoma)

bull Savitex reg (available only in UK and Canada) is a mouth spray Plant-derived THC ndash 50 Cannabidiol ndash 50

Medical Marijuana

54

55 55

Enwikipediaorg

Synthetic Cannabinoids

Enwikipediaorg 56

Cannabidiol

57

Morgan British Journal of Psychiatry 2008

6 Summary

58

1 Smoking rates are 40 to 70 among those with mental illness 2 to 3 times that of the general population

2 Marijuana is addictive but not as addictive as tobacco heroin cocaine or alcohol

3 Psychotherapy works well for both tobacco and cannabis addiction

4 Pharmacotherapy is proven to be effective for addiction to tobacco but not cannabis

59

Thank you

60

  • TOBACCO and CANNABIS
  • Slide Number 2
  • Slide Number 3
  • Slide Number 4
  • Slide Number 5
  • Slide Number 6
  • Slide Number 7
  • Slide Number 8
  • Slide Number 9
  • Slide Number 10
  • Slide Number 11
  • Slide Number 12
  • Slide Number 13
  • Slide Number 14
  • Slide Number 15
  • Slide Number 16
  • Slide Number 17
  • Slide Number 18
  • Slide Number 19
  • Slide Number 20
  • Slide Number 21
  • Slide Number 22
  • Slide Number 23
  • Slide Number 24
  • Slide Number 25
  • Slide Number 26
  • Slide Number 27
  • Slide Number 28
  • Slide Number 29
  • Slide Number 30
  • Slide Number 31
  • Slide Number 32
  • Slide Number 33
  • Slide Number 34
  • Slide Number 35
  • Slide Number 36
  • Pleasurable Effects
  • Slide Number 38
  • The Cannabinoid System
  • Slide Number 40
  • Biphasic Distribution
  • Toxicology Testing
  • Slide Number 43
  • Cannabis Intoxication
  • Cannabis Withdrawal
  • Neurocognitive Decline ndash 8 IQ points
  • Addictive Potential
  • Slide Number 48
  • Vouchers and CBT
  • Dronabinol
  • Slide Number 51
  • The Schizophrenia-Marijuana Link
  • Adolescence
  • Medical Marijuana
  • Slide Number 55
  • Slide Number 56
  • Cannabidiol
  • Slide Number 58
  • Slide Number 59
  • Thank you

4 Cannabis Treatments

48

49

V CBT CBT + V

V CBT CBT + V

Wee

ks of

Con

tinuo

us A

bstin

ence

3 Month Abstinence Rate

69

35 (a)

53 17 20

43 (bc)

(a) V vs CBT comparison p lt 05 (b) CBT+V vs CBT comparison p lt 05 (c) CBT+V vs V comparison p lt 05

Vouchers and CBT

Budney J Consult Clinical Psychology 2006 slide courtesy of Dr Frances Levin

50

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 0

01

02

03

04

05

06

07

08

09

1

Ret

entio

n Pr

obab

ility

Log Rank Wilcoxon P= 00249 Time to drop

Placebo

Marinol

Week

Dronabinol

Levin Drug Alcohol Depend 2011 slide courtesy of Dr Frances Levin

5 Cannabis

Special Topics 51

The Schizophrenia-Marijuana Link

Caspi Biol Psychiatry 2005

52

Adolescence

MonitoringTheFutureorg

53

bull Therapeutic potential for Pain (cancer multiple sclerosis) Nausea (cancer) Loss of appetite (HIVAIDS) Increased occular pressure (glaucoma)

bull Savitex reg (available only in UK and Canada) is a mouth spray Plant-derived THC ndash 50 Cannabidiol ndash 50

Medical Marijuana

54

55 55

Enwikipediaorg

Synthetic Cannabinoids

Enwikipediaorg 56

Cannabidiol

57

Morgan British Journal of Psychiatry 2008

6 Summary

58

1 Smoking rates are 40 to 70 among those with mental illness 2 to 3 times that of the general population

2 Marijuana is addictive but not as addictive as tobacco heroin cocaine or alcohol

3 Psychotherapy works well for both tobacco and cannabis addiction

4 Pharmacotherapy is proven to be effective for addiction to tobacco but not cannabis

59

Thank you

60

  • TOBACCO and CANNABIS
  • Slide Number 2
  • Slide Number 3
  • Slide Number 4
  • Slide Number 5
  • Slide Number 6
  • Slide Number 7
  • Slide Number 8
  • Slide Number 9
  • Slide Number 10
  • Slide Number 11
  • Slide Number 12
  • Slide Number 13
  • Slide Number 14
  • Slide Number 15
  • Slide Number 16
  • Slide Number 17
  • Slide Number 18
  • Slide Number 19
  • Slide Number 20
  • Slide Number 21
  • Slide Number 22
  • Slide Number 23
  • Slide Number 24
  • Slide Number 25
  • Slide Number 26
  • Slide Number 27
  • Slide Number 28
  • Slide Number 29
  • Slide Number 30
  • Slide Number 31
  • Slide Number 32
  • Slide Number 33
  • Slide Number 34
  • Slide Number 35
  • Slide Number 36
  • Pleasurable Effects
  • Slide Number 38
  • The Cannabinoid System
  • Slide Number 40
  • Biphasic Distribution
  • Toxicology Testing
  • Slide Number 43
  • Cannabis Intoxication
  • Cannabis Withdrawal
  • Neurocognitive Decline ndash 8 IQ points
  • Addictive Potential
  • Slide Number 48
  • Vouchers and CBT
  • Dronabinol
  • Slide Number 51
  • The Schizophrenia-Marijuana Link
  • Adolescence
  • Medical Marijuana
  • Slide Number 55
  • Slide Number 56
  • Cannabidiol
  • Slide Number 58
  • Slide Number 59
  • Thank you

49

V CBT CBT + V

V CBT CBT + V

Wee

ks of

Con

tinuo

us A

bstin

ence

3 Month Abstinence Rate

69

35 (a)

53 17 20

43 (bc)

(a) V vs CBT comparison p lt 05 (b) CBT+V vs CBT comparison p lt 05 (c) CBT+V vs V comparison p lt 05

Vouchers and CBT

Budney J Consult Clinical Psychology 2006 slide courtesy of Dr Frances Levin

50

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 0

01

02

03

04

05

06

07

08

09

1

Ret

entio

n Pr

obab

ility

Log Rank Wilcoxon P= 00249 Time to drop

Placebo

Marinol

Week

Dronabinol

Levin Drug Alcohol Depend 2011 slide courtesy of Dr Frances Levin

5 Cannabis

Special Topics 51

The Schizophrenia-Marijuana Link

Caspi Biol Psychiatry 2005

52

Adolescence

MonitoringTheFutureorg

53

bull Therapeutic potential for Pain (cancer multiple sclerosis) Nausea (cancer) Loss of appetite (HIVAIDS) Increased occular pressure (glaucoma)

bull Savitex reg (available only in UK and Canada) is a mouth spray Plant-derived THC ndash 50 Cannabidiol ndash 50

Medical Marijuana

54

55 55

Enwikipediaorg

Synthetic Cannabinoids

Enwikipediaorg 56

Cannabidiol

57

Morgan British Journal of Psychiatry 2008

6 Summary

58

1 Smoking rates are 40 to 70 among those with mental illness 2 to 3 times that of the general population

2 Marijuana is addictive but not as addictive as tobacco heroin cocaine or alcohol

3 Psychotherapy works well for both tobacco and cannabis addiction

4 Pharmacotherapy is proven to be effective for addiction to tobacco but not cannabis

59

Thank you

60

  • TOBACCO and CANNABIS
  • Slide Number 2
  • Slide Number 3
  • Slide Number 4
  • Slide Number 5
  • Slide Number 6
  • Slide Number 7
  • Slide Number 8
  • Slide Number 9
  • Slide Number 10
  • Slide Number 11
  • Slide Number 12
  • Slide Number 13
  • Slide Number 14
  • Slide Number 15
  • Slide Number 16
  • Slide Number 17
  • Slide Number 18
  • Slide Number 19
  • Slide Number 20
  • Slide Number 21
  • Slide Number 22
  • Slide Number 23
  • Slide Number 24
  • Slide Number 25
  • Slide Number 26
  • Slide Number 27
  • Slide Number 28
  • Slide Number 29
  • Slide Number 30
  • Slide Number 31
  • Slide Number 32
  • Slide Number 33
  • Slide Number 34
  • Slide Number 35
  • Slide Number 36
  • Pleasurable Effects
  • Slide Number 38
  • The Cannabinoid System
  • Slide Number 40
  • Biphasic Distribution
  • Toxicology Testing
  • Slide Number 43
  • Cannabis Intoxication
  • Cannabis Withdrawal
  • Neurocognitive Decline ndash 8 IQ points
  • Addictive Potential
  • Slide Number 48
  • Vouchers and CBT
  • Dronabinol
  • Slide Number 51
  • The Schizophrenia-Marijuana Link
  • Adolescence
  • Medical Marijuana
  • Slide Number 55
  • Slide Number 56
  • Cannabidiol
  • Slide Number 58
  • Slide Number 59
  • Thank you

50

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 0

01

02

03

04

05

06

07

08

09

1

Ret

entio

n Pr

obab

ility

Log Rank Wilcoxon P= 00249 Time to drop

Placebo

Marinol

Week

Dronabinol

Levin Drug Alcohol Depend 2011 slide courtesy of Dr Frances Levin

5 Cannabis

Special Topics 51

The Schizophrenia-Marijuana Link

Caspi Biol Psychiatry 2005

52

Adolescence

MonitoringTheFutureorg

53

bull Therapeutic potential for Pain (cancer multiple sclerosis) Nausea (cancer) Loss of appetite (HIVAIDS) Increased occular pressure (glaucoma)

bull Savitex reg (available only in UK and Canada) is a mouth spray Plant-derived THC ndash 50 Cannabidiol ndash 50

Medical Marijuana

54

55 55

Enwikipediaorg

Synthetic Cannabinoids

Enwikipediaorg 56

Cannabidiol

57

Morgan British Journal of Psychiatry 2008

6 Summary

58

1 Smoking rates are 40 to 70 among those with mental illness 2 to 3 times that of the general population

2 Marijuana is addictive but not as addictive as tobacco heroin cocaine or alcohol

3 Psychotherapy works well for both tobacco and cannabis addiction

4 Pharmacotherapy is proven to be effective for addiction to tobacco but not cannabis

59

Thank you

60

  • TOBACCO and CANNABIS
  • Slide Number 2
  • Slide Number 3
  • Slide Number 4
  • Slide Number 5
  • Slide Number 6
  • Slide Number 7
  • Slide Number 8
  • Slide Number 9
  • Slide Number 10
  • Slide Number 11
  • Slide Number 12
  • Slide Number 13
  • Slide Number 14
  • Slide Number 15
  • Slide Number 16
  • Slide Number 17
  • Slide Number 18
  • Slide Number 19
  • Slide Number 20
  • Slide Number 21
  • Slide Number 22
  • Slide Number 23
  • Slide Number 24
  • Slide Number 25
  • Slide Number 26
  • Slide Number 27
  • Slide Number 28
  • Slide Number 29
  • Slide Number 30
  • Slide Number 31
  • Slide Number 32
  • Slide Number 33
  • Slide Number 34
  • Slide Number 35
  • Slide Number 36
  • Pleasurable Effects
  • Slide Number 38
  • The Cannabinoid System
  • Slide Number 40
  • Biphasic Distribution
  • Toxicology Testing
  • Slide Number 43
  • Cannabis Intoxication
  • Cannabis Withdrawal
  • Neurocognitive Decline ndash 8 IQ points
  • Addictive Potential
  • Slide Number 48
  • Vouchers and CBT
  • Dronabinol
  • Slide Number 51
  • The Schizophrenia-Marijuana Link
  • Adolescence
  • Medical Marijuana
  • Slide Number 55
  • Slide Number 56
  • Cannabidiol
  • Slide Number 58
  • Slide Number 59
  • Thank you

5 Cannabis

Special Topics 51

The Schizophrenia-Marijuana Link

Caspi Biol Psychiatry 2005

52

Adolescence

MonitoringTheFutureorg

53

bull Therapeutic potential for Pain (cancer multiple sclerosis) Nausea (cancer) Loss of appetite (HIVAIDS) Increased occular pressure (glaucoma)

bull Savitex reg (available only in UK and Canada) is a mouth spray Plant-derived THC ndash 50 Cannabidiol ndash 50

Medical Marijuana

54

55 55

Enwikipediaorg

Synthetic Cannabinoids

Enwikipediaorg 56

Cannabidiol

57

Morgan British Journal of Psychiatry 2008

6 Summary

58

1 Smoking rates are 40 to 70 among those with mental illness 2 to 3 times that of the general population

2 Marijuana is addictive but not as addictive as tobacco heroin cocaine or alcohol

3 Psychotherapy works well for both tobacco and cannabis addiction

4 Pharmacotherapy is proven to be effective for addiction to tobacco but not cannabis

59

Thank you

60

  • TOBACCO and CANNABIS
  • Slide Number 2
  • Slide Number 3
  • Slide Number 4
  • Slide Number 5
  • Slide Number 6
  • Slide Number 7
  • Slide Number 8
  • Slide Number 9
  • Slide Number 10
  • Slide Number 11
  • Slide Number 12
  • Slide Number 13
  • Slide Number 14
  • Slide Number 15
  • Slide Number 16
  • Slide Number 17
  • Slide Number 18
  • Slide Number 19
  • Slide Number 20
  • Slide Number 21
  • Slide Number 22
  • Slide Number 23
  • Slide Number 24
  • Slide Number 25
  • Slide Number 26
  • Slide Number 27
  • Slide Number 28
  • Slide Number 29
  • Slide Number 30
  • Slide Number 31
  • Slide Number 32
  • Slide Number 33
  • Slide Number 34
  • Slide Number 35
  • Slide Number 36
  • Pleasurable Effects
  • Slide Number 38
  • The Cannabinoid System
  • Slide Number 40
  • Biphasic Distribution
  • Toxicology Testing
  • Slide Number 43
  • Cannabis Intoxication
  • Cannabis Withdrawal
  • Neurocognitive Decline ndash 8 IQ points
  • Addictive Potential
  • Slide Number 48
  • Vouchers and CBT
  • Dronabinol
  • Slide Number 51
  • The Schizophrenia-Marijuana Link
  • Adolescence
  • Medical Marijuana
  • Slide Number 55
  • Slide Number 56
  • Cannabidiol
  • Slide Number 58
  • Slide Number 59
  • Thank you

The Schizophrenia-Marijuana Link

Caspi Biol Psychiatry 2005

52

Adolescence

MonitoringTheFutureorg

53

bull Therapeutic potential for Pain (cancer multiple sclerosis) Nausea (cancer) Loss of appetite (HIVAIDS) Increased occular pressure (glaucoma)

bull Savitex reg (available only in UK and Canada) is a mouth spray Plant-derived THC ndash 50 Cannabidiol ndash 50

Medical Marijuana

54

55 55

Enwikipediaorg

Synthetic Cannabinoids

Enwikipediaorg 56

Cannabidiol

57

Morgan British Journal of Psychiatry 2008

6 Summary

58

1 Smoking rates are 40 to 70 among those with mental illness 2 to 3 times that of the general population

2 Marijuana is addictive but not as addictive as tobacco heroin cocaine or alcohol

3 Psychotherapy works well for both tobacco and cannabis addiction

4 Pharmacotherapy is proven to be effective for addiction to tobacco but not cannabis

59

Thank you

60

  • TOBACCO and CANNABIS
  • Slide Number 2
  • Slide Number 3
  • Slide Number 4
  • Slide Number 5
  • Slide Number 6
  • Slide Number 7
  • Slide Number 8
  • Slide Number 9
  • Slide Number 10
  • Slide Number 11
  • Slide Number 12
  • Slide Number 13
  • Slide Number 14
  • Slide Number 15
  • Slide Number 16
  • Slide Number 17
  • Slide Number 18
  • Slide Number 19
  • Slide Number 20
  • Slide Number 21
  • Slide Number 22
  • Slide Number 23
  • Slide Number 24
  • Slide Number 25
  • Slide Number 26
  • Slide Number 27
  • Slide Number 28
  • Slide Number 29
  • Slide Number 30
  • Slide Number 31
  • Slide Number 32
  • Slide Number 33
  • Slide Number 34
  • Slide Number 35
  • Slide Number 36
  • Pleasurable Effects
  • Slide Number 38
  • The Cannabinoid System
  • Slide Number 40
  • Biphasic Distribution
  • Toxicology Testing
  • Slide Number 43
  • Cannabis Intoxication
  • Cannabis Withdrawal
  • Neurocognitive Decline ndash 8 IQ points
  • Addictive Potential
  • Slide Number 48
  • Vouchers and CBT
  • Dronabinol
  • Slide Number 51
  • The Schizophrenia-Marijuana Link
  • Adolescence
  • Medical Marijuana
  • Slide Number 55
  • Slide Number 56
  • Cannabidiol
  • Slide Number 58
  • Slide Number 59
  • Thank you

Adolescence

MonitoringTheFutureorg

53

bull Therapeutic potential for Pain (cancer multiple sclerosis) Nausea (cancer) Loss of appetite (HIVAIDS) Increased occular pressure (glaucoma)

bull Savitex reg (available only in UK and Canada) is a mouth spray Plant-derived THC ndash 50 Cannabidiol ndash 50

Medical Marijuana

54

55 55

Enwikipediaorg

Synthetic Cannabinoids

Enwikipediaorg 56

Cannabidiol

57

Morgan British Journal of Psychiatry 2008

6 Summary

58

1 Smoking rates are 40 to 70 among those with mental illness 2 to 3 times that of the general population

2 Marijuana is addictive but not as addictive as tobacco heroin cocaine or alcohol

3 Psychotherapy works well for both tobacco and cannabis addiction

4 Pharmacotherapy is proven to be effective for addiction to tobacco but not cannabis

59

Thank you

60

  • TOBACCO and CANNABIS
  • Slide Number 2
  • Slide Number 3
  • Slide Number 4
  • Slide Number 5
  • Slide Number 6
  • Slide Number 7
  • Slide Number 8
  • Slide Number 9
  • Slide Number 10
  • Slide Number 11
  • Slide Number 12
  • Slide Number 13
  • Slide Number 14
  • Slide Number 15
  • Slide Number 16
  • Slide Number 17
  • Slide Number 18
  • Slide Number 19
  • Slide Number 20
  • Slide Number 21
  • Slide Number 22
  • Slide Number 23
  • Slide Number 24
  • Slide Number 25
  • Slide Number 26
  • Slide Number 27
  • Slide Number 28
  • Slide Number 29
  • Slide Number 30
  • Slide Number 31
  • Slide Number 32
  • Slide Number 33
  • Slide Number 34
  • Slide Number 35
  • Slide Number 36
  • Pleasurable Effects
  • Slide Number 38
  • The Cannabinoid System
  • Slide Number 40
  • Biphasic Distribution
  • Toxicology Testing
  • Slide Number 43
  • Cannabis Intoxication
  • Cannabis Withdrawal
  • Neurocognitive Decline ndash 8 IQ points
  • Addictive Potential
  • Slide Number 48
  • Vouchers and CBT
  • Dronabinol
  • Slide Number 51
  • The Schizophrenia-Marijuana Link
  • Adolescence
  • Medical Marijuana
  • Slide Number 55
  • Slide Number 56
  • Cannabidiol
  • Slide Number 58
  • Slide Number 59
  • Thank you

bull Therapeutic potential for Pain (cancer multiple sclerosis) Nausea (cancer) Loss of appetite (HIVAIDS) Increased occular pressure (glaucoma)

bull Savitex reg (available only in UK and Canada) is a mouth spray Plant-derived THC ndash 50 Cannabidiol ndash 50

Medical Marijuana

54

55 55

Enwikipediaorg

Synthetic Cannabinoids

Enwikipediaorg 56

Cannabidiol

57

Morgan British Journal of Psychiatry 2008

6 Summary

58

1 Smoking rates are 40 to 70 among those with mental illness 2 to 3 times that of the general population

2 Marijuana is addictive but not as addictive as tobacco heroin cocaine or alcohol

3 Psychotherapy works well for both tobacco and cannabis addiction

4 Pharmacotherapy is proven to be effective for addiction to tobacco but not cannabis

59

Thank you

60

  • TOBACCO and CANNABIS
  • Slide Number 2
  • Slide Number 3
  • Slide Number 4
  • Slide Number 5
  • Slide Number 6
  • Slide Number 7
  • Slide Number 8
  • Slide Number 9
  • Slide Number 10
  • Slide Number 11
  • Slide Number 12
  • Slide Number 13
  • Slide Number 14
  • Slide Number 15
  • Slide Number 16
  • Slide Number 17
  • Slide Number 18
  • Slide Number 19
  • Slide Number 20
  • Slide Number 21
  • Slide Number 22
  • Slide Number 23
  • Slide Number 24
  • Slide Number 25
  • Slide Number 26
  • Slide Number 27
  • Slide Number 28
  • Slide Number 29
  • Slide Number 30
  • Slide Number 31
  • Slide Number 32
  • Slide Number 33
  • Slide Number 34
  • Slide Number 35
  • Slide Number 36
  • Pleasurable Effects
  • Slide Number 38
  • The Cannabinoid System
  • Slide Number 40
  • Biphasic Distribution
  • Toxicology Testing
  • Slide Number 43
  • Cannabis Intoxication
  • Cannabis Withdrawal
  • Neurocognitive Decline ndash 8 IQ points
  • Addictive Potential
  • Slide Number 48
  • Vouchers and CBT
  • Dronabinol
  • Slide Number 51
  • The Schizophrenia-Marijuana Link
  • Adolescence
  • Medical Marijuana
  • Slide Number 55
  • Slide Number 56
  • Cannabidiol
  • Slide Number 58
  • Slide Number 59
  • Thank you

55 55

Enwikipediaorg

Synthetic Cannabinoids

Enwikipediaorg 56

Cannabidiol

57

Morgan British Journal of Psychiatry 2008

6 Summary

58

1 Smoking rates are 40 to 70 among those with mental illness 2 to 3 times that of the general population

2 Marijuana is addictive but not as addictive as tobacco heroin cocaine or alcohol

3 Psychotherapy works well for both tobacco and cannabis addiction

4 Pharmacotherapy is proven to be effective for addiction to tobacco but not cannabis

59

Thank you

60

  • TOBACCO and CANNABIS
  • Slide Number 2
  • Slide Number 3
  • Slide Number 4
  • Slide Number 5
  • Slide Number 6
  • Slide Number 7
  • Slide Number 8
  • Slide Number 9
  • Slide Number 10
  • Slide Number 11
  • Slide Number 12
  • Slide Number 13
  • Slide Number 14
  • Slide Number 15
  • Slide Number 16
  • Slide Number 17
  • Slide Number 18
  • Slide Number 19
  • Slide Number 20
  • Slide Number 21
  • Slide Number 22
  • Slide Number 23
  • Slide Number 24
  • Slide Number 25
  • Slide Number 26
  • Slide Number 27
  • Slide Number 28
  • Slide Number 29
  • Slide Number 30
  • Slide Number 31
  • Slide Number 32
  • Slide Number 33
  • Slide Number 34
  • Slide Number 35
  • Slide Number 36
  • Pleasurable Effects
  • Slide Number 38
  • The Cannabinoid System
  • Slide Number 40
  • Biphasic Distribution
  • Toxicology Testing
  • Slide Number 43
  • Cannabis Intoxication
  • Cannabis Withdrawal
  • Neurocognitive Decline ndash 8 IQ points
  • Addictive Potential
  • Slide Number 48
  • Vouchers and CBT
  • Dronabinol
  • Slide Number 51
  • The Schizophrenia-Marijuana Link
  • Adolescence
  • Medical Marijuana
  • Slide Number 55
  • Slide Number 56
  • Cannabidiol
  • Slide Number 58
  • Slide Number 59
  • Thank you

Synthetic Cannabinoids

Enwikipediaorg 56

Cannabidiol

57

Morgan British Journal of Psychiatry 2008

6 Summary

58

1 Smoking rates are 40 to 70 among those with mental illness 2 to 3 times that of the general population

2 Marijuana is addictive but not as addictive as tobacco heroin cocaine or alcohol

3 Psychotherapy works well for both tobacco and cannabis addiction

4 Pharmacotherapy is proven to be effective for addiction to tobacco but not cannabis

59

Thank you

60

  • TOBACCO and CANNABIS
  • Slide Number 2
  • Slide Number 3
  • Slide Number 4
  • Slide Number 5
  • Slide Number 6
  • Slide Number 7
  • Slide Number 8
  • Slide Number 9
  • Slide Number 10
  • Slide Number 11
  • Slide Number 12
  • Slide Number 13
  • Slide Number 14
  • Slide Number 15
  • Slide Number 16
  • Slide Number 17
  • Slide Number 18
  • Slide Number 19
  • Slide Number 20
  • Slide Number 21
  • Slide Number 22
  • Slide Number 23
  • Slide Number 24
  • Slide Number 25
  • Slide Number 26
  • Slide Number 27
  • Slide Number 28
  • Slide Number 29
  • Slide Number 30
  • Slide Number 31
  • Slide Number 32
  • Slide Number 33
  • Slide Number 34
  • Slide Number 35
  • Slide Number 36
  • Pleasurable Effects
  • Slide Number 38
  • The Cannabinoid System
  • Slide Number 40
  • Biphasic Distribution
  • Toxicology Testing
  • Slide Number 43
  • Cannabis Intoxication
  • Cannabis Withdrawal
  • Neurocognitive Decline ndash 8 IQ points
  • Addictive Potential
  • Slide Number 48
  • Vouchers and CBT
  • Dronabinol
  • Slide Number 51
  • The Schizophrenia-Marijuana Link
  • Adolescence
  • Medical Marijuana
  • Slide Number 55
  • Slide Number 56
  • Cannabidiol
  • Slide Number 58
  • Slide Number 59
  • Thank you

Cannabidiol

57

Morgan British Journal of Psychiatry 2008

6 Summary

58

1 Smoking rates are 40 to 70 among those with mental illness 2 to 3 times that of the general population

2 Marijuana is addictive but not as addictive as tobacco heroin cocaine or alcohol

3 Psychotherapy works well for both tobacco and cannabis addiction

4 Pharmacotherapy is proven to be effective for addiction to tobacco but not cannabis

59

Thank you

60

  • TOBACCO and CANNABIS
  • Slide Number 2
  • Slide Number 3
  • Slide Number 4
  • Slide Number 5
  • Slide Number 6
  • Slide Number 7
  • Slide Number 8
  • Slide Number 9
  • Slide Number 10
  • Slide Number 11
  • Slide Number 12
  • Slide Number 13
  • Slide Number 14
  • Slide Number 15
  • Slide Number 16
  • Slide Number 17
  • Slide Number 18
  • Slide Number 19
  • Slide Number 20
  • Slide Number 21
  • Slide Number 22
  • Slide Number 23
  • Slide Number 24
  • Slide Number 25
  • Slide Number 26
  • Slide Number 27
  • Slide Number 28
  • Slide Number 29
  • Slide Number 30
  • Slide Number 31
  • Slide Number 32
  • Slide Number 33
  • Slide Number 34
  • Slide Number 35
  • Slide Number 36
  • Pleasurable Effects
  • Slide Number 38
  • The Cannabinoid System
  • Slide Number 40
  • Biphasic Distribution
  • Toxicology Testing
  • Slide Number 43
  • Cannabis Intoxication
  • Cannabis Withdrawal
  • Neurocognitive Decline ndash 8 IQ points
  • Addictive Potential
  • Slide Number 48
  • Vouchers and CBT
  • Dronabinol
  • Slide Number 51
  • The Schizophrenia-Marijuana Link
  • Adolescence
  • Medical Marijuana
  • Slide Number 55
  • Slide Number 56
  • Cannabidiol
  • Slide Number 58
  • Slide Number 59
  • Thank you

6 Summary

58

1 Smoking rates are 40 to 70 among those with mental illness 2 to 3 times that of the general population

2 Marijuana is addictive but not as addictive as tobacco heroin cocaine or alcohol

3 Psychotherapy works well for both tobacco and cannabis addiction

4 Pharmacotherapy is proven to be effective for addiction to tobacco but not cannabis

59

Thank you

60

  • TOBACCO and CANNABIS
  • Slide Number 2
  • Slide Number 3
  • Slide Number 4
  • Slide Number 5
  • Slide Number 6
  • Slide Number 7
  • Slide Number 8
  • Slide Number 9
  • Slide Number 10
  • Slide Number 11
  • Slide Number 12
  • Slide Number 13
  • Slide Number 14
  • Slide Number 15
  • Slide Number 16
  • Slide Number 17
  • Slide Number 18
  • Slide Number 19
  • Slide Number 20
  • Slide Number 21
  • Slide Number 22
  • Slide Number 23
  • Slide Number 24
  • Slide Number 25
  • Slide Number 26
  • Slide Number 27
  • Slide Number 28
  • Slide Number 29
  • Slide Number 30
  • Slide Number 31
  • Slide Number 32
  • Slide Number 33
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  • Pleasurable Effects
  • Slide Number 38
  • The Cannabinoid System
  • Slide Number 40
  • Biphasic Distribution
  • Toxicology Testing
  • Slide Number 43
  • Cannabis Intoxication
  • Cannabis Withdrawal
  • Neurocognitive Decline ndash 8 IQ points
  • Addictive Potential
  • Slide Number 48
  • Vouchers and CBT
  • Dronabinol
  • Slide Number 51
  • The Schizophrenia-Marijuana Link
  • Adolescence
  • Medical Marijuana
  • Slide Number 55
  • Slide Number 56
  • Cannabidiol
  • Slide Number 58
  • Slide Number 59
  • Thank you

1 Smoking rates are 40 to 70 among those with mental illness 2 to 3 times that of the general population

2 Marijuana is addictive but not as addictive as tobacco heroin cocaine or alcohol

3 Psychotherapy works well for both tobacco and cannabis addiction

4 Pharmacotherapy is proven to be effective for addiction to tobacco but not cannabis

59

Thank you

60

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  • Slide Number 36
  • Pleasurable Effects
  • Slide Number 38
  • The Cannabinoid System
  • Slide Number 40
  • Biphasic Distribution
  • Toxicology Testing
  • Slide Number 43
  • Cannabis Intoxication
  • Cannabis Withdrawal
  • Neurocognitive Decline ndash 8 IQ points
  • Addictive Potential
  • Slide Number 48
  • Vouchers and CBT
  • Dronabinol
  • Slide Number 51
  • The Schizophrenia-Marijuana Link
  • Adolescence
  • Medical Marijuana
  • Slide Number 55
  • Slide Number 56
  • Cannabidiol
  • Slide Number 58
  • Slide Number 59
  • Thank you

Thank you

60

  • TOBACCO and CANNABIS
  • Slide Number 2
  • Slide Number 3
  • Slide Number 4
  • Slide Number 5
  • Slide Number 6
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  • Slide Number 30
  • Slide Number 31
  • Slide Number 32
  • Slide Number 33
  • Slide Number 34
  • Slide Number 35
  • Slide Number 36
  • Pleasurable Effects
  • Slide Number 38
  • The Cannabinoid System
  • Slide Number 40
  • Biphasic Distribution
  • Toxicology Testing
  • Slide Number 43
  • Cannabis Intoxication
  • Cannabis Withdrawal
  • Neurocognitive Decline ndash 8 IQ points
  • Addictive Potential
  • Slide Number 48
  • Vouchers and CBT
  • Dronabinol
  • Slide Number 51
  • The Schizophrenia-Marijuana Link
  • Adolescence
  • Medical Marijuana
  • Slide Number 55
  • Slide Number 56
  • Cannabidiol
  • Slide Number 58
  • Slide Number 59
  • Thank you