TO QUALITY OF LIFE OF FLORIDIANSCHAPTER 1 PAGE 4 Introduction & Overview CHAPTER 2 PAGE 10 Quality...

Center for Governmental Responsibility, University of Florida Levin College of Law • Department of Urban and Regional Planning,UF College of Design, Construction and Planning • Center for Tourism Research and Development, UF College of Health and Human Performance

Department of Museum Studies, UF College of Fine Arts • Florida Trust for Historic Preservation

E X E C U T I V E S U M M A R Y

Contributions of Historic PreservationT O Q U A L I T Y O F L I F E O F F L O R I D I A N S

In the preamble to the National Historic Preservation Act Congress found that the preservation of America’s heritage“is in the public interest so that its vital legacy of cultural, educational, aesthetic, inspirational, economic and energy benefits will be maintained and enriched for future generations of Americans.” In other words, in 1966,Congress was convinced that the American public’s “quality of life” would improve as an indigenous part of the preser-vation of its historic towns and neighborhoods. Four decades later, National Trust for Historic Preservation PresidentRichard Moe opened the annual conference with remarks that re-confirmed that organization’s concern for “quality oflife” and how preservation, if properly integrated, can better our communities.

Recently, Donovan Rypkema, one of the nation’s foremost preservation planners made the observation about newlyrevitalized historic areas that not long ago were nearly dead: “I do not know of a single sustained success story indowntown revitalization anywhere in the US where restoration (preservation) was not a key component of the effort.That doesn’t mean it isn’t theoretically possible to have downtown revitalization but no restoration, but I don’t knowabout it, I haven’t read about it, I haven’t seen it.”

Indeed, the well-being and potential for the recycling of older communities is an increasing concern in states such asFlorida in all aspects of urban and regional planning. For some time, preservationists have suspected that there is areal connection with a tangible and elusive community spirit that rises from a sense of place often associated withunique neighborhoods, whether they qualify for the National Register of Historic Places, or not. It just so happens thatrecognized neighborhoods have one up on those that do not have that identity.

By understanding how this connection works, we can see the means to maintain the cultural and historical qualitiesthat contribute to Florida's older neighborhoods while also meeting the needs of quality living and housing. As thisstudy shows, quality of life is now being measured from all angles; its quantifiable qualities can in large part includestandard of living, economic and housing opportunities, as well as access to goods and services. Quality of life can alsoencompass freedom, happiness, creativity and artistic impression, environment, and health; qualities that are far harder to measure.

Although in the past historic preservation has too often been seen as a separate and prior activity that preparesthe way for the improvement of neighborhoods, we know now that revitalization requires that historic sites begiven a role in the life of the community. The point is not to place the community’s historic assets under lock andkey, but to integrate them safely and evenly into the fabric of everyday life. Local residents can benefit throughoutdoor markets, handicrafts, houses, cuisine, businesses, civic and religious centers, and interpretive componentssuch as learning and recreational activities that complement an historic site’s didactic offerings and convey a special meaning between its past, present and future. The more the community is involved, the more successfuland inviting the area will become for everyone.

Because of this overlap in the relationship between better quality of life and historic preservation, when properly integrated into planning, this very much needed report exploring these conditions will help in developing an integrated approach to planning for historic and other uniquely special communities in Florida. It is a worthy com-panion to the previously published “Economic Impacts of Historic Preservation in Florida”.

Roy Eugene Graham, FAIA, Fellow US/ICOMOSBeinecke-Reeves Distinguished ProfessorDirector, College Preservation Programs,School of Architecture,College of Design, Construction and PlanningUniversity of Florida

C H A P T E R 1 P A G E 4

Introduction & Overview

C H A P T E R 2 P A G E 1 0

Quality of Life Indicators


Preservation Laws & Policies


Heritage Tourism


History Museums


Historic and Affordable Housing


Acknowledgements

S E P T E M B E R 2 0 0 6

Authors/Editors:

Timothy McLendon Staff Attorney, Center for GovernmentalResponsibility, University of Florida Levin College of Law

Kristin Larsen, Ph.D. AICP, Assistant ProfessorDepartment of Urban andRegional Planning, University of Florida

JoAnn Klein Development Director,Center for Governmental

Responsibility, University of Florida Levin College of Law

Rhonda Phillips, Ph.D., AICP CEcD, Director Center for Building BetterCommunities AssociateProfessor, Urban andRegional PlanningDepartment College ofDesign, Construction andPlanning, University of Florida

Glenn Willumson, Ph.D.Associate Professor of Art History Director

of the Graduate Program inMuseum Studies, University of Florida

Lori Pennington-Gray, Ph.D.Center for Tourism Research and DevelopmentCollege of Health andHuman Performance,University of Florida

John Confer, Ph.D.Center for Tourism Research and DevelopmentCollege of Health andHuman Performance,University of Florida

Contributions ofHistoric PreservationT O Q U A L I T Y O F L I F E O F F L O R I D I A N S

Photos: COVER (clockwise from top left) Mission San Luis, Tallahassee, winner of the 2006 “Preserve America” Presidential Award for HeritageTourism, presented at the White House; Miami Beach Art Deco District:Lake Mirror Wall, Lakeland; and Mount Dora’s Historic District. TABLE OFCONTENTS: Cà d’Zan, Ringling Estate, Sarasota. BACK COVER: Ybor City.

St. Augustine4

• Indian Mounds• 18th century Spanish colonial• Cracker structures of the 19th

century• Bungalows and chert houses of the

early 20th century • The distinctive modern style of the

Sarasota School of Architecture• Roadside structures and sites such

as the early theme parks • 1950s ranch houses that are just

now becoming eligible for listingon the National, and many local,registers.

The heritage of our past and theproductive and respectful use ofsuch historic places in the presentstrengthen the quality of life for thefuture of our state. Identifying whatis distinctive and shared about thisheritage is essential to understand-ing how historic preservation con-tributes to the quality of life inFlorida.

What is the relationship betweenhistoric preservation and quality oflife? Historic preservation con-tributes to economic and culturalvalues in the State of Florida. Thosecultural values are reflected in thequality of life found in the state’scommunities from small towns tolarge urban areas.

Quality of life is a vague termwith multiple meanings. As used inthis paper, it relates to the sense ofplace created by the tangible and

intangible characteristics of Florida’shistoric places.

Florida’s elected officials havedirectly addressed the significance ofhistoric preservation to the quality oflife in the State of Florida, finding that:“The rich and unique heritage of

historic properties in

this state, represent-

ing more than 10,000

years of human

presence, is an impor-

tant legacy to be

valued and conserved

for present and

future generations.

The destruction of

these nonrenewable

historical resources

will engender a signif-

icant loss to the

state's quality of life,

economy, and cultural

environment.” (FLA. STAT. § 267.01(1)(A))

This report, “Contributions ofHistoric Preservation to the Qualityof Life of Floridians”, represents thefirst statewide study of how historicpreservation fits into the overallquality of life in Florida. The reportincludes models and tools availableto further historic preservation inFlorida and to measure the impactof historical structures, events, andrelated activities on the enhance-ment of the quality of life in Florida.It is sponsored by the Florida

Historical Commission and theDivision of Historical Resources inthe Florida Department of State.

This report, a collaboration offour different colleges of theUniversity of Florida and a non-profit organization specializing inhistoric preservation, is a follow-upto a 2002 report on the “EconomicImpacts of Historic Preservation inFlorida”, with the same sponsorsand some of the same research teammembers. The two studies differ in

that the economicimpacts study wasderived from a quan-titative review ofavailable data relatedto historic preserva-tion. That studyoffered a statewideanalysis of historicpreservation activityin Florida. It exam-ined direct and multi-plier effects frominvestment in historicpreservation through-out the state in such

activities as historic rehabilitation ofall types of properties, heritagetourism, Main Street investment,grants programs, tax credits andmuseum operations.

The quality of life study, con-tained in this Executive Summary,while reviewing many of the sameprograms available in Florida in thefield of historic preservation, pres-ents a qualitative analysis. Explicitmeasuring that results in a definitivenumber or dollar amount is not eas-ily ascertainable for quality of life.

Introduction & Overview

1

The State of Florida’s heritage, whether in

archeological resources, historic structures, sites, and

districts, spans the entire era of human settlement:

CONTRIBUTIONS OF HISTORIC PRESERVATION TO QUALITY OF LIFE OF FLORIDIANS 5

DeFuniak Springsome of the most lovingly preserved and picturesque downtowns arefound in Florida’s small towns. For sheer harmony and grace, DeFuniakSprings may be the state’s most unspoiled city” (Mormino 2005: 40).

DeFuniak Springs shares a great deal with many other Florida cities– it was founded in the late nineteenth century when a variety of people wereattracted to the state by a stream of publications that celebrated Florida’s exoticlandscape. As in many towns founded at this time, the railroad played a pivotalrole; and development concentrated around the city’s spring-fed lake and reflect-ed a mix of low density commercial, govern-mental, religious, and residential structures inthe vernacular and late Victorian styles thattypified the era.

What is distinctive about DeFuniakSprings is its sense of place reinforced by itssocial history – connected to the ChautauquaInstitute founded in 1869 in New York State.From its first assembly in 1885 until the early1930s, DeFuniak Springs functioned as thesouthernmost home of the adult education movement that endorsed learning in apleasing natural and built environment to uplift the intellect and the spirit.

In 1902, nationally prominent architects were hired to develop a plan to makethe settlement into a model town. The layout – a public park surrounding the lakewith public buildings interspersed in the landscape bounded by a street fromwhich axial roads extend – makes the lake the town’s centerpiece. While homespredominantly sit across the lakefront drive, the nearby railroad station forms thecenter of the town’s commercial district. This core area of the historic town waslisted on the National Register of Historic Places in 1992.

While measuring economic impactscan be approached from a statewide level,quality of life evaluations occur moreoften at the local level. Measuring qualityof life occurs in people’s perceptions andenjoyment of their state and communi-ties. It looks at the physical environmentbut also the cultural aspects of the com-munity. Defining quality of life issuesincludes several components, includinghistoric preservation. How does historicpreservation impact the livability of a cityor a community?

The challenge posed in this researchwas identifying, developing, or applyingpreviously developed methods for assess-ing the impact of historic preservation onthe quality of life in Florida’s communi-ties. The value of this report is to assistindividuals, neighborhoods, and commu-nities in identifying creative methods forfostering historic preservation and formeasuring its contribution to the qualityof life in an area.

A 2005-2006 survey found that Floridaresidents are aware of their historicresources (roughly 55% of 1505 respon-dents had visited a historic site in the pastyear) and value the role that historicpreservation plays in the state of Florida.Specifically, preservation is valued for whatit can contribute to future generations(24%), for aesthetic reasons (17%), foreducational reasons (14%), and for envi-ronmental reasons (13%) (see Russin inTechnical Document to this work).

QUALITY OF LIFE & HISTORICALPRESERVATION COMPONENTS

Researchers in this study examinedhistoric preservation’s impact on Florida’squality of life in five key areas:

Quality of Life Indicators

Community indicators allow us toexplore the relationship between his-toric preservation and quality of life,expressed in terms of explicit outcomes.Community indicators are bits of infor-

S

CONTRIBUTIONS OF HISTORIC PRESERVATION TO QUALITY OF LIFE OF FLORIDIANS6

mation that when combined, providea picture of what is happening local-ly. Quality of life is reflective of thevalues that exist in a community, and indicators can be used to identi-fy and promote a particular set of val-ues. This chapter includes a chart ofindicators to use in gauging, protect-ing, enhancing, and interfacing withhistoric preservation. The researchalso provides recommendations for implementing the frameworkthrough monitoring and measuringof the indicators.

The Northeast Florida communityof Fernandina Beach is offered as acase study of how economic develop-ment and historic preservation can becompatible and integrated to providedesirable outcomes while protecting acommunity’s valuable resources.


Laws and policies reflect the pri-orities of a democratic society. Theyrestrict things deemed harmful andseek to promote actions that areviewed as beneficial. Historic preser-vation laws reflect a decision by pol-icy makers that our heritage,whether national or local, is signifi-cant and should be preserved forfuture generations.

This chapter discussed the twotypes of laws and policies that pro-mote historic preservation: regula-tions and incentives.

Community programs that aredescribed in this chapter include: mit-igation efforts to protect historicresources in an interstate widening inTampa; the Bridge of Lions rehabilita-tion in St. Augustine; adaptive reuseof an old church in Tampa Heights;Emerson Apartments rehabilitationand Pennsylvania Hotel rehabilita-tion, both in St. Petersburg; and proj-ects enabled by state grants and theFlorida Main Street Program.

Heritage Tourism

Historic preservation and heritagetourism support one another. Historicpreservation provides the setting, thehistory, the persona, and the tradi-tions for heritage tourism; heritagetourism provides the opportunity toeducate, enjoy, and appreciate historicpreservation.

The chapter on heritage tourismexamines a county’s quality of her-itage tourism by evaluating the per-centage of annual tourist-related taxrevenue allocated for historic preser-vation by looking at the lodging tax. The researchers examined threecase studies of use of lodging tax,including:

• Suwanee County• Monroe County• St. Johns County

History Museums

The most obvious impact of historymuseums on the citizens of Florida isthe effect they have on the educationof the state’s children. Arguably, thecentral mission of history museums isto preserve the past for local audi-

Milton Riverwalk

Palm Beach


ences. The chapter on history muse-ums assesses history museums’ effecton three areas of quality of life:• Education• Community• Economy

The researchers examine three casestudies that represent a broad spec-trum of Florida historic museums:1. St. Augustine Lighthouse andMuseum, a large history museum2. Fort Christmas Historical Park inCentral Florida, a small historymuseum in a rural area.3. Riley House Museum, a small his-tory museum near Tallahassee, spe-cializing in a particular topic

Historic and Affordable Housing

Housing affordability and his-toric resources can mutually co-existin neighborhoods and communities,though the rehabilitation of deterio-rated houses may indeed pose chal-

lenges to affordability. The chapteron affordable housing identifies cre-ative solutions to conflicts of gentri-fication, sustainability, and rehabili-tation.

What tools then are available tomeet these goals, specifically toattract the private sector to under-take such rehabilitation projects?Among them are building codes thataccommodate rehabilitation, neigh-borhood conservation districts tocomplement local historic districts,community land trusts, expansion ofexisting revitalization programs suchas Front Porch Florida, the historicrehabilitation tax credit combinedwith the low-income housing taxcredit, preservation easements,revolving loan funds, property taxrelief to address increased propertyvalues due to historic designation,and coordinated planning to proac-tively address potential challengessuch as gentrification.

Specific case studies examine theuse of Conservation Districts inZephyrhills, Tampa, Miami andSarasota, as well as an investigationof a Community Land Trust in KeyWest.

Within these five areas,researchers identified quality of lifeindicators that could be used todetermine how that component con-tributed positively to a community.Individual case studies were selectedto illustrate how to evaluate qualityof life indicators. In order to includepublic perceptions of the relation-ship between historic preservationand quality of life, researchers com-missioned a three-month-long sur-vey of the attitudes of Floridians inregard to these topics.

SURVEY FINDINGSTo better gauge public perceptions

of the relationship between historicpreservation and quality of life,

Bridge of Lions, St. Augustine


researchers commissioned a three-month-long survey of the attitudes ofFloridians in regard to these topics. Arandom sample of more than 1,500Floridians was interviewed during aperiod between November, 2005, andJanuary, 2006. The survey was con-ducted by the University of FloridaSurvey Research Center, the researchand service unit of the Bureau ofEconomic and Business Research at theUniversity of Florida.

The complete findings of the sur-vey are included in the technical doc-ument that accompanies thisExecutive Summary.Two key findings emerged that are

relevant to this project.

1. Respondents identified what theysee as Florida’s most threatenedhistoric resources as, in order: his-

toric and scenic landscapes (21%);old homes and neighborhoods(21%); and old downtowns (17%).

2. Respondents said the most importantreasons to preserve Florida’s historicresources are, in order, for future generations (24%); scenic reasons(17%); and education (14%).These findings would appear to

indicate that the Floridians surveyedhave an appreciation for historicresources and see a need to preservethem for the future.

The following chapters detail howeach component of historic preserva-tion can be measured to determine itsimpact on quality of life in Florida.Detailed descriptions of each of theseprograms are included in theTechnical Report that supplementsthis Executive Summary.

Which historic resources in Floridaare the most threatened?

� Old downtowns among most threatened 17%

� Public buildings among most threatened 8%

� Old homes and neighborhoods among mostthreatened 21%

� Old schools among most threatened 7%

� Historic and scenic landscape among mostthreatened 21%

� Old industrial sites among most threatened 3%

� Archeological sites among most threatened 12%

� Other 8%

� Don’t Know 3%

� Scenic among most important reasons to preserve 17%

� Affordable housing among most important reasons to preserve 4%

� Economic redevelopment among most important reasons to preserve 6%

� Education among most important reasons to preserve 14%

� For future generations among most important reasons to preserve 24%

� Environmental reasons among most important reasons to preserve 13%

� Sense of place among most important reasons to preserve 9%

� Promote tourism among most important reasons to preserve 10%

� Other 2%

� Don’t Know 1%

Harriett Beecher Stowe House, Mandarin


17%

8%

21%

7%

21%

3%

12%

8%3%

17%

4%

6%

14%

24%

13%

9%

10%2% 1%

What are the most important reasons to preserve Florida’s

historic resources?

Defuniak Springs10

There are numerous references toquality of life in historic preserva-tion documents, in all types of liter-ature – popular press, academic, andpractitioner related works. Qualityof life is assumed to be an intrinsi-cally valuable outcome of historicpreservation efforts, yet there are notmany evident attempts to expressthis relationship explicitly. It is thisimplicit, assumed nature that pro-vides the research opportunity athand: what is the strength of thisrelationship, expressed in terms ofexplicit outcomes such as impacts?

This report presents aframework for explor-ing the relationshipbetween quality of lifeand historic preserva-tion, using communi-ty indicators.

INDICATORS1

What is the appeal ofindicators? Whenused as a system, theyhold much promise asan evaluation tool. What makesindicators any different from other

measures of aspects of places, suchas job growth, per capita income, orhousing prices? The key is develop-ing an integrative approach – onethat considers the impacts of changenot only in economic terms, but also

the social/cultural andenvironmental dimen-sions. A communityindicators systemreflects collective val-ues, providing a morepowerful evaluativetool than simply con-sidering the ‘econom-ics’ of change andgrowth. By integrat-ing an indicators sys-tem into overall com-

munity or regional planning, it willbe easier to evaluate the impacts of

Quality of Life Indicators Historic preservation provides numerous benefits,

including a profound and positive affect on quality

of life for citizens and visitors alike.

2

Micanopy


FernandinaBeach

ernandina Beach is locatedon Amelia Island, a coastalbarrier island along thenortheastern Florida coast.It is one of three incorporat-

ed areas in Nassau County and con-tains many of the area’s historic prop-erties. Its rich history includes the dis-tinction of being the last town plattedby the Spanish before they cededFlorida to the United States in theearly 1800’s. As one of the oldest set-tlements in Florida, it offers a charm-ing Victorian seaside setting.Fernandina Beach was named "Oneof a Dozen Distinctive DestinationsWorth Discovering" in 2002 by theNational Trust for HistoricPreservation. Given its expansive his-toric resources, it provides an excel-lent case study of how economicdevelopment and historic preserva-tion can be compatible and integrat-ed to provide the community desir-able outcomes while protecting valu-able resources.

Fernandina Beach has a rich his-toric fabric that for decades in theearly and mid-20th century did notreceive development pressures likeother Atlantic coastal towns inFlorida. This turned out to be veryfortuitous for present day outcomes– because of its relative isolationaway from the rapid build-up areas,the city was able to preserve its his-toric fabric. By the late 1960’s, somebegan to realize what treasuresthese historic resources representedand initiated efforts to revitalize andpreserve them. They realized thatthe resources represented a basis onwhich to build a tourism industryand the basis for desirable economicdevelopment outcomes. Actually,Fernandina Beach “rebuilt” atourism industry because in the late1800’s, the city was a well recog-nized tourist destination, promotedand renowned by many as the"Newport of the South" (referring toNewport, Rhode Island, as a popularseaport resort town).

There are two historic districts in

Fernandina Beach that together con-tain 336 historic buildings. The dis-tricts are:1. Downtown Historic District – This

district, the Fernandina BeachHistoric District, is a result of devel-opment of Fernandina in its “new”location to the south of Old TownFernandina after the mid-19th cen-tury.

2. Old Town – This district encom-passes the original settlement areafor Fernandina Beach and abuts thewaters of Amelia River.

The City of Fernandina Beach hasbenefited tremendously from its his-toric resources and by pursuingpreservation-led strategies for eco-nomic development. Its downtowndistrict is a major attraction for manytourists each year and offers a uniqueand quaint experience that is differentfrom many coastal towns where allthe same chain stores may exist andnewer buildings are the standard. It isindeed a charming Victorian era sea-side town and has done a commend-able job of preserving its historicresources to date. They have a con-siderable number of historic proper-ties to work with and as discussed inthe subsequent section, they havegarnered economic gains that arequite impressive for a small city.

Some issues have emerged thatthe City of Fernandina Beach andothers concerned with protectingtheir historic resources will need toconsider. One of these is that therapid rise in market values of theproperties can have some chillingeffects on business activity, if prop-erty tax bills rise too high for localbusinesses to support. It alsoimpacts new property tax assess-ments for buyers when a property issold and may indicate that small,unique businesses could not affordto pursue new opportunities. A keyto preserving the quality and charac-ter of a unique place like FernandinaBeach will be to address this andother issues to maintain balancedand sustainable preservation-baseddevelopment.

This case illustrates that econom-ic development and historic preser-vation are indeed compatible andcan serve as a valuable basis onwhich to build and enhance a localeconomy. By preserving historicresources and enhancing their useand appeal, development outcomescan be realized that benefit not onlythe economic aspects but also thesocial and cultural dimensions withprovision of a unique and desirablecommunity.

F


changes, whether positive, negativeor neutral. It is this ability of com-munity indicators systems to beintegrated as a system for gaugingimpacts across a full spectrum ofoutcomes that makes it beneficial toexplore using them. Further, indica-tors incorporate both frameworks ofperformance and process outcomes,which serve to facilitate evaluation.When properly integrated, indica-tors hold the potential to go beyondjust activity reports, to being utilizedin the decision-making process asindicators of impacts and outcomes.

Just what is a community indicator?Essentially, community indicatorsare bits of information that whencombined, provide a picture of whatis happening in a local system. Theyprovide insight into the direction ofa community: improving or declin-ing, forward or backward, increasingor decreasing. Combining indicatorsprovides a measuring system to pro-vide clear and honest informationabout past trends, current realities,and future direction, in order to aiddecision-making. Community indi-cators can also be thought of as areport card of community wellbeing. Bottom line: Community

indicators are bits of informationthat, when combined, generate apicture of what is happening in alocal or regional system. It is impor-tant to note that these systems gen-erate much data and it is the analy-sis of these data that can be used inthe decision-making and policy/pro-gram improvement process. Thereare numerous functions of indica-tors, including: description, simpli-fication, measurement, trend identi-fication, communication, clarifica-tion, and as catalysts for action.

There are four common frame-works used for developing andimplementing community indica-tors systems in the U.S.: 1. Qualityof Life, 2. Performance Evaluation,3. Healthy Communities, and 4.Sustainability. The framework pre-sented most closely follows thequality of life format.

1. This section is excerpted in part fromCommunity Indicators, Rhonda Phillips,American Planning Association, PAS ReportNo. 517, 2003.

2. Hoernig and Seasons, 2005. “UnderstandingIndicators,” in Community IndicatorsMeasuring Systems, Rhonda Phillips, ed., p. 5,

London: Ashgate Publishing, Ltd.

Indicator Framework

The following table presents a list of theindicators selected to calibrate the frame-work. They are divided into four categories:gauging (related to type and amount); protecting (ordinances and regulations);enhancing (partnerships and incentives); and interfacing (uses).

These indicators are related to the amount andtype of historic resources in the community.

A. Gauging

• Historic fabric • Districts, structures,

landmarks • Distressed historic

neighborhoods

• Rehabilitation/certified tax credits

• Assessed propertyvalue trends

• Historic district/property reinvestment

These indicators are ordinances and regulations.

B. Protecting

• Historic preservationelement/plan integration

• Design guidelines• Historic preservation

commission

• Preservation ordinances• Historic preservation

survey• Historic preservation

staff • Certificates and

enforcement actions

These indicators are related to partnershipsand incentives.

C. Enhancing

• Main Street program • Certified Local

Government • Participation in other

state/federal programs• Historic preservation

non-profits

• Neighborhood participation

• Civic/museum partnerships

• Tax exemptions• Other incentive

programs

These indicators are related to the uses ofproperty.

D. Interfacing

• Housing affordability• Business use• Community draw

factors

• Community use factors • Heritage/cultural

interactions

Pensacola


14 Biltmore Hotel, Coral Gables

Historic resources have a value thatcan be seen as aesthetic and educa-tional, in addition to whatever eco-nomic value they may have. There aretwo types of laws and policies thatpromote historic preservation: regula-tions and incentives.

How do Historic PreservationLaws contribute to Quality of Life? Historic preservation programs canbe a key piece of community revital-ization, as well as an important partof maintaining the property andcharacter of local historic neighbor-hoods. Historic districts typicallyrequire maintenance of property,thus preventing properties frombecoming derelict. Historic tax credits and tax exemptions can foster the restoration of decayed historic buildings, whether in down-towns or residential neighborhoods.Historic districts need not be frozenin time. Indeed, sensitive infilldevelopment is often necessary and

appropriate, especially where thereare numerous vacant lots. The revi-talization that accom-panies an ongoing historic preservationprogram can also con-tribute to increasedpublic safety as vacantbuildings becomeinhabited homes andbusinesses.

Types of HistoricPreservation LawsRegulatory historicpreservation laws maymandate a specificsubstantive result (i.e. preservationof the historic resource). For exam-ple local ordinances allow for thedesignation of certain properties orneighborhoods as historic, and thenauthorize restrictions on the appear-ance or demolition of historic prop-erties. These local laws are the mostimportant element in preserving

privately-owned historic properties.The 52 Florida communities recog-nized as certified local governmentseach have local programs certified asmeeting basic standards in theexpertise of their preservationboards, the standards required fordesignating historic districts andlandmarks, and the adoption ofguidelines to protect historic neigh-borhoods.

Regulatory laws may also controla process (i.e. obliging federal orstate agencies to consider the impacts of their undertakings

on historic resources).Thus, under Section106 of the NationalHistoric PreservationAct, federal agenciesmust consider theeffects of federal orfederally funded proj-ects on historicresources. Similarprocedural considera-tions are required by the NationalEnvironmental PolicyAct and Section 4(f)of the Transportation

Act. These acts require notificationof federal and state historic preservation officers about possibleimpacts on historic resources and allow them time to providecomments and suggestions aboutalternative approaches which willminimize any harm to historicresources.

In a democratic society, our laws and policies ulti-

mately reflect our priorities. Thus, we restrict

things deemed harmful and seek to promote things

that are viewed as beneficial. Historic preservation

laws reflect a decision by policy makers that our

heritage, whether national or local, is significant

and should be preserved for future generations.


3


Incentives to promote Historic Preservation

Incentives, on the other hand, encour-age preservation by providing some tangi-ble benefit. These benefits may include taxrelief, grants or relief from certain regulato-ry or procedural burdens. The benefit maybe simple recognition of the historicimportance of a structure or neighbor-hood, as is provided by the NationalRegister of Historic Places or the NationalHistoric Landmarks. Florida currently hasmore than 1,500 sites and districts on theNational Register.

This recognition may entitle propertiesto further benefits. For example, thosewhose rehabilitation of income-producinghistoric properties is certified to be in con-formity with the Secretary of the Interior’sStandards for Rehabilitation, may receivethe Federal Rehabilitation Tax Credit, a taxcredit of up to 20% of the value of the rehabilitation work. Since 1986, nearly 450 Florida tax credit projects representingsome $556 million in construction havebeen approved by the National ParkService.

Local governments raise much of theirrevenues through property taxes. The will-ingness of counties and/or municipalitiesto forego some revenues in the form of taxexemptions can serve as an encourage-ment to property owners to invest in andrehabilitate their properties. Three types oflocal tax exemptions are possible inFlorida. The first allows exemptions fromproperty taxes for up to 50% of theassessed value of property that is: 1) usedfor commercial purposes or by a non-prof-it organization; 2) listed in the NationalRegister, designated as a local landmark orpart of a National Register or local historicdistrict; and 3) regularly open to the pub-lic.1 The second, most common type ofexemption, allows for a ten-year exemp-tion of the value by which historic proper-ties are improved by rehabilitation.2 A finalexemption allows a total property taxexemption where rehabilitated historicproperties are used for nonprofit or gov-

his former Methodist Church, located in Tampa Heights north of down-

town, was originally built in 1910, and a Sunday school facility was

added in 1927. When the congregation moved to another facility in

1998, the historic building was left vacant. A group of investors, led by

Andrew Ham of Urban Trust, LLC, saw an opportunity to restore the building as a

combination office/apartment complex. A partnership of several investors and the

City of Tampa acquired the property and arranged financing. The federal rehabil-

itation tax credit, a 20 % tax credit for rehabilitation of historic properties, made

the $3.1 million construction project possible.

The rehabilitation of the Greek Revival building had to be certified by the

National Park Service as complying with the Secretary of the Interior’s Standards

for Rehabilitation. Following these standards, developers retained the building’s

historic features, including the outer

walls, stained glass, hardwood floors,

original corridors and the interior space

of the former sanctuary. The Sunday

School building was became 32 residen-

tial loft units with 12 foot ceilings, large

windows and original architectural

features. The former sanctuary was

developed as 4,000 square feet of office

space with a view to the dome overhead.

The new Sanctuary Lofts is one of the

first residential loft projects undertaken

in Tampa. The project benefited from a $100,000 loan from the City to acquire the

property, and from $497,408 in rehabilitation tax credits. The result is attractive

living and working space near downtown, and a model for adaptive reuse of

historic buildings.

ADAPTIVE REUSE OF HISTORICAL RESOURCES:

Tampa Heights Sanctuary Lofts

T


ernmental purposes and where thebuilding is open to the public.3

Florida communities increasinglymake use of these tax incentives: in2005, over $137 million worth ofproperty was exempt from ad valoremtaxes due to these three types of his-toric tax exemptions.4

Grants are a further importantincentive to preserve historic proper-ties. The federal government providesgrants under the Save America’sTreasures program to preserve someof the most important landmarks inFlorida. Under this program since1999, thirteen Florida projects havebeen funded by Save America’sTreasures, including $353,000 forpreservation at the Ringling estate ofCà d’Zan in Sarasota, $795,000 forpreservation work at the BiltmoreHotel in Coral Gables and $450,000to preserve the Singing Tower at theBok Sanctuary in Lake Wales.5

RESTORATION

Soft Costs $ 215,000Historic Construct. $ 815,000(72 S.F.) $ 1,030,000Total Development $ 1,030,000Cost (92 S.F.)

NON RESTORATION

Soft Costs $215.000Non Historic Construct. $675,000(60 S.F.) $890,000Total Development $890,000Cost (78 S.F.)

PRESERVATION INCENTIVES

Fed Tax Credits 20% $ 163,000Ad Valorem Tax $ 815,000Exemption ($407,000)TDRs @ $10 S.F. $ 150,000Facade Easement $75,000

Annual Property Taxes $ 6,300Net Development Cost $ 588,674

($52 s.f.)

NO INCENTIVES

Fed Tax Credits 20% $ 0Ad Valorem Tax $ 0Exemption ($407,000)TDRs @ $10 S.F. $ 0Facade Easement $ 0

Annual Property Taxes $ 6,300Net Development Cost $ 890,000

($80 s.f.)

INCENTIVES TO PROMOTE HISTORIC PRESERVATION:

St. PetersburgEmerson Apartments Restored in 2005


Provided by Bob Jeffrey, City of St. Petersburg

Merrill House, Jacksonville

Florida Historical Grants

Even more significant are thegrants-in-aid awarded by theFlorida Division of HistoricalResources. Florida has one of thenation’s largest and most successfulgrant programs, having awardedsome $81 million support over 780preservation projects since 2001.There are two types of grants fund-ed by the Division of HistoricalResources: 1) Acquisition andDevelopment Activities; and 2)Survey and Planning Activities. Theformer category includes mostmatching grants, and also includessuch activities as restoration, reha-bilitation, salvaging of archeologi-cal sites, and the preparation ofdrawings or photographs of threat-ened historic sites. Survey andPlanning grants-in-aid includecommunity education and relationsprojects which promote historicand archaeological preservation. Inaddition, so-called Special Category

grants are non-matching grants forprojects of exceptional importance,including public buildings such ascourthouses, churches and theaters.

Some communities provide theirown grants, and low-interest loans,to promote historic preservation.For example, Tampa’s program isfunded by the sale of historic prop-erties restored by the federal govern-ment as part of the I-4 mitigation


Recent Grant Projects

S U N K E N G A R D E N S , S T. P E T E R S B U R G

$350,000 in 2002 to the City of St. Petersburg

to help restore 1926 Mediterranean Revival

style building for use as children’s science

museum, restaurant and administrative offices

for Sunken Gardens tourist attraction.

B O K T O W E R G A R D E N S

$600,000 in 2 grants, in 2001-02, to

rehabilitate the famous Bok Tower’s

masonry and steel work.

P R I T C H A R D H O U S E , T I T U S V I L L E

$350,000 grant to Brevard County to

rehabilitate historic house as a museum.

O L D G Y M N A S I U M , A R C H E R

$320,000 grant to the City of Archer to

rehabilitate an old gymnasium as community

center.

S O P C H O P P Y, W A K U L L A C O U N T Y

$842,000 in 4 grants, since 1998, to restore

1924 school and auditorium for use as a

performing arts center.

C A P E S A N B L A S L I G H T K E E P E R ’ S

Q U A R T E R S

$300,000 grant to 1917 building as a museum.

$0.00

$5,000,000.00

$10,000,000.00

$15,000,000.00

$20,000,000.00

$25,000,000.00

$30,000,000.00

$35,000,000.00

’01 ’02 ’03 ’04 ’05 ’06Year

0

50

100

150

200

250

TO

TAL

AM

OU

NT

NO

. O

F P

RO

JEC

TS

� Grant Funds �Match Funds � No. of Projects

’03’02’01’00’99’98’97’96’95’94’93’92’91’90’89’88’87 ’04 ’05$0

$20,000,000

$40,000,000

$60,000,000

$80,000,000

$100,000,000

$120,000,000

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

INV

EST

ME

NT

AM

OU

NT

NO

. O

F P

RO

JEC

TS

Year

� Tax Credit Investment � No. of Projects

Federal Rehabilitation Tax Credit Investment in Florida 1987-2005

Milton

program. Miami-Dade County’s newBuilding Better Communities pro-gram will be funded by a bond pro-gram approved by voters inNovember 2004.

Smaller communities are alsoable to provide grant and loanincentives. In Kissimmee, theCommunity Redevelopment Agency(CRA) and Main Street Programuse the tax increment financingfrom the CRA to fund grants toimprove historic façades andrestore historic structures withinthe CRA.6 Kissimmee’s CRA has awarded over $570,000 inmatching grants to businesses andhomeowners within the districtsince 1998.7

Florida Main Street ProgramThe Main Street Program wasestablished by the National Trustfor Historic Preservation in 1980 tohelp revitalize historic downtowns,especially in smaller communities.Since its founding, some 2,000communities in forty-onestates have benefited fromthe small grants and tech-nical assistance providedby the Main StreetProgram which focuseson four key elements ofrevitalization: 1) Design; 2)Organization and consensus build-ing; 3) Promotion and marketingof the Main Street; and 4)Economic Restructuring.

Florida has had an active MainStreet Program since 1985, workingin some 75 Florida communities.During that period, Florida MainStreet has generated some $1.37 bil-lion in public and private invest-ment in both rehabilitation and newconstruction, witnessing the start ofover 3,600 new businesses and over11,000 new jobs.8

Examples of Main Street Programs:

• Milton – streetscaping &restoration of the historicImogene Theater, damaged by

Hurricane Ivan in 2004.• Melbourne – master plan

for old downtown, adoptedtogether with city andchamber of commerce.

• Vilano Beach – New TownCenter and Beach pavilions.

The Waterfronts FloridaPartnership, run by the Departmentof Community Affairs, offers similarsupport to smaller waterfront towns,focusing on small grants, planningand technical assistance to helpmaintain water-dependent uses andtraditional waterfronts. Though notprimarily a historic preservationprogram, several partner communi-ties, including towns like Cortez, St.Andrews and Crystal River, haveused Waterfronts Florida support toaddress historic and culturalresources.


Bok Tower, Lake Wales

1. These tax exemptions are authorized by FLA. STAT.§196.1961.

2. These tax exemptions are authorized by FLA. STAT.§196.1997.

3. These tax exemptions are authorized by FLA. STAT.§196.1998. See 2005 FLORIDA DEPT. OF REVENUE,FLORIDA PROPERTY VALUATIONS & TAX DATA Table 44(May 2006).

5. Florida awards under Save America’s Treasures since1999 total $4,741,318. See National Park Service,Save America’s Treasures, Funded Projects, availableonline at: http://grants.cr.nps.gov/treasures/treas-ures.cfm.

6. Tax increment financing (TIF) makes use of increas-es in property tax revenues in designated geographicarea to fund certain activities. Once a tax incrementdistrict is established, it sets a base year in which theaggregate tax value of the district is set. As propertytax revenues increase over the established aggregatevalue, the amount of excess is the tax increment. ACRA or other entity entitled to receive the tax incre-ment may then use them for designated purposes.See Sam Casella, What is TIF in Tax IncrementFinancing 9 (Planning Advisory Svc. Rep. No. 389,APA 1984). In Florida, TIF under the CommunityRedevelopment Act has provided a mechanism forsuccessfully funding downtown revitalization,including historic preservation activities. See FLA.STAT. ch. 163, pt. III.

7. Information about Kissimmee’s CRA and Main Street program is available at:http://www.kissimmeecra.com.

8. See “Florida Main Street Communities QuarterlyReport Data Base,” information supplied by AngelaTomlinson, Florida Main Street Program Assistant,Florid Department of State (June 19, 2006). Further information about Florida Main Street isavailable online at: http://www.flheritage.com/preser-vation/architecture/mainstreet/, and informationabout the National Trust Main Street Center is avail-able at: http://www.mainstreet.org/.

20 Miami Beach

Historic preservation at the countylevel is quite different than at thecity level. When considering his-toric preservation at the countylevel, historic preservation is a mixof the historic structures that qualifyas historically significant to thearchitecturally-oriented preserva-tionist, plus the events that takeplace in and around these struc-tures, the traditions associated withthe area and the structures, the per-petuation of arts and crafts thatreflect a threatened way of lifeendemic of the area, the festivals cel-ebrating the history of the people,and the area that distinguish the his-toric preservation of the county.

Using this broad-reaching con-cept of historic preservation, thisstudy proposed that a county’s qualityof heritage tourism would be indicat-ed by the percentage of annualtourist-related tax revenue allocatedfor historic preservation. As ofNovember 30, 2004, fifty-threeFlorida counties levied a lodging tax.Using the data in the 2005 Report onFlorida’s Tourist-Related Taxes, eachFlorida County’s tourist-related taxrevenue expenditures allocated bycategories was compared, using thebroad-reaching definition of historicpreservation. The second part of thestudy involved opened-ended survey

question responses from only those53 Florida countiesreporting collection oftourist-related taxes in2003-2004. The partic-ipants in the surveywere county represen-tatives of either theconvention and visitorbureau or the tourismdevelopment council.

FINDINGS:� 53% of Florida

counties supporthistoric preserva-tion using bed taxrevenue.

� Capitalizing on their assets, ruralcounties allocate a higher percent-

age of bed tax revenue to historicpreservation. Eight of the top tencounties for percentage of bed taxrevenue allocation are consideredrural by the State of Florida:Suwannee, Monroe, Putnam,

Highlands, Hendry,Taylor, and Washington. � Historic preservationis viewed as an invest-ment in the community.Where history andnature are the mainattractions, historicpreservation can regen-erate bed tax revenue.� Many counties indi-rectly support historicpreservation throughsecondary spending.For example:1. Profits realized fromthe Creekside Festival

go to the actual preservation ofPrincess Place Preserve.

Heritage Tourism“Heritage tourism “affords a solid foundation that sustains

the resource as well as offering a social and economic

impact.” - Cheryl Hargrove, First Director of the National Trust for Historic Preservation

Top Ten FL Counties by Both 2005 Tourism Report and by Survey

2 0 0 5 T O U R I S M R E P O R T S U R V E Y

COUNTY HP%* COUNTY HP%*Suwanee 60.00 Suwanee 60.00Monroe 31.70 Monroe 31.70Alachua 28.33 Hendry 30.00Santa Rosa 25.00 Highlands 29.00Palm Beach 17.60 Alachua 28.00Sarasota 17.00 Indian River 26.00Martin 15.00 Taylor 24.00St. Johns 15.00 Martin 15.00Indian River 12.00 Putnam 10.00Putnam 10.00 Washington 8.60

*HP = Percent of annual lodging tax revenue used for historic preservation

4


2. Edison Ford Estates uses profitsfrom bed tax funded marketingefforts to restore the historic theEdison Ford Estates.

3. Hillsborough County uses a his-toric building for a visitor infor-mation center. The county canuse bed tax dollars to historicallypreserve the building.

SUWANEE COUNTY“Historically-oriented events are

putting heads in beds, so theTourism Development Council iswilling to give more grants. TheTourism Development Council, [anine member council appointed bythe County Commission to overseetourism], is very interested in his-toric preservation,” according toGreg D’Angio, Marketing Director,Suwanee County TourismDevelopment Council. A perfect

example of the way this county isattempting to capitalize on the her-itage, cultural and historic events isthe annual December month-longevent, Suwanee Lights, with the slo-gan, “See the lights, stay the nights.”

Suwannee County, with a 2%bed tax, or $77,161, listed 60%, or$46,297, of its short-term lodgingrevenue allocated to tourism promo-tion. The decision to count the 60%as historic preservation in the broad-reaching definition was based uponthe corresponding specific projectsfor this revenue, which were historicmuseum, concerts, renaissance festi-vals, Cinco de Mayo festivals, south-ern bicycle league event, blueberryfestival, pageants, Suwanee RiverJam, and other community events.This 60% for the revenue category oftourist promotion has been basicallythe same since 1995. The one itemof note for Suwanee County is thatan additional 30% of this county’stourist-related tax revenue has beenearmarked for tourism developmentwith corresponding specific projectsand promotion of specific projectssuch as annual cultural events, com-munity events, festivals, and con-certs. These, too, could actuallymeet the broad-reaching definitionof historic preservation, thus show-ing all but 10% of Suwanee County’s2003-2004 tourism-related tax rev-enue going to historic preservation.

MONROE COUNTYMonroe County, in southern

Florida, had a 4% bed tax in 2003-2004 generating $13,840,916. The county allocated 31.70%, or$4,387,570 toward historic preserva-tion based upon the Bricks andMortar revenue specifically ear-marked for museum preservationand maintenance. It should be point-ed out that also included in the cate-gory of Bricks and Mortar forMonroe County, was beach mainte-nance and renourishment, artificialreef projects, nature center projects,and an amphitheater project. It canbe debated whether the total 31.70%should be considered historic preser-vation, particularly the beach andreef allocations, but since there was-

n’t further breakdown of the 31.70%,the total percentage was consideredas revenue allocated for historicpreservation. Since 1995, MonroeCounty has allocated from 7% to31.8% to the Bricks and Mortar cate-gory, and, according to MonroeCounty Tourism and DevelopmentDirector, Harold Wheeler, “everyyear we fund a museum preservationand maintenance project.” The rev-enue disbursement for these capitalprojects can be through direct alloca-tions or on a request for proposalbasis, and may be used for historicpreservation or cultural projects.Wheeler states that for this county,cultural projects can include envi-


Edison Ford Estates

Suwanee County Historical Museum is housedin Old Train Depot. Recipient of multiplepreservation grants from the State of Florida,this museum receives lodging tax revenuefunding from the Suwanee TourismDevelopment Council.

Photo courtesy S

uwanee Tourism

Developm

ent Council

The Key West Heritage House Museum andRobert Frost Cottage, home of the AnnualRobert Frost Poetry Festival, funded by theMonroe County TDC, promotes cultural her-itage and historic architectural preservation.

Photo courtesy of M

onroe County T

DC

.

ronment, architecture, archaeology,arts, and natural environment.

ST. JOHNS COUNTYSt. Johns County, home of

Florida’s premier Heritage Tourismdestination, St. Augustine, allocated15% ($662.360) of its 2003-20043% tourism-related tax of$4,415,735, for arts and culturalevents. Receiving more than threemillion visitors annually, St.Augustine received $100,000 oflodging tax revenue for VisitorInformation services housed in his-

toric properties. The TourismDevelopment Council uses lodgingtax revenue in the form of CategoryII grants for arts and cultural events.In 2002-2003, the same percentagewas allocated for arts and cultural.One special note for this county isthat in the past, and for three con-secutive years, funds were allocatedfrom capital projects for theNational African-American Museumand Archives. The St. Johns CountyTourist Development Council wasthe Premier Sponsor of the 2006Annual Conference of the FloridaTrust for Historic Preservation, heldMay 2006 in St. Augustine.

• Hargrove, C. M. (2002). Heritage Tourism. CulturalResource Management (25), 1. Retrieved March 22,2006, from http://crm.cr.nps.gov/archive/25-01/25-01-4.pdf

• Interview with Harold Wheeler, MarketingDeveloper, Monroe County Tourism DevelopmentCouncil (January 9, 2006)

• Interview with Greg D’Angio, Marketing Director,Suwanee County Tourism Development Council(November 30, 2005)

• Florida Statues 381.0406 F.S. Rural means an areawith a population density of less than 100 individualsper square mile or an area defined by the most recentUnited States census as rural.


Satellite Visitor Information Center housed in the last Spanish-owned structure in St.Augustine, is partially funded by the St. Johns County TDC using lodging tax revenue.

n 2005 and 2006, The Center for Tourism Research andDevelopment conducted thisresearch as one of the principals

of a multi-faceted, multi-departmentalstudy through the University of FloridaCenter for Government Responsibilitytitled “Contributions of HistoricPreservation to the Quality of Life ofFloridians”. The study, coordinated byDrs. John Confer and Dr. LoriPennington-Gray, and conducted bymaster’s student Catherine Culver, wassupported by the Florida Department ofState. The study examined each ofFlorida’s 64 counties’ reported tourist-related tax revenue and expendituresfor 2003/04 as published in FloridaTourism Committee 2005 Report onFlorida’s Tourist-Related Taxes.Additionally, personal interviews wereconducted of Convention and Visitor

Bureaus Directors of each of the 53Florida counties collecting tourist-related taxes in 2003/04.

Specifically, the study sought to addressthe following areas:1. Demonstrate the direct relationship

of Florida Tourist-Related Tax expenditures for HistoricPreservation and quality HeritageTourism.

2. The higher the percentage of annualtourist-related tax revenue allocatedto historic preservation, the higherthe quality of heritage tourismenjoyed by the county.

3. In Florida, the percentage of tourist-related lodging tax revenue expendi-tures allocated to historic preserva-tion will indicate the quality of her-itage tourism in Florida by county.

I

Use of Revenue by Category

Suwanee County$84,126 Annual Revenue

10%

30%

60%� Tourist Promotion

� Tourist Development

� Administration

Monroe County$13,840,916 Annual Revenue

5%

32%

63%

� Tourism, Advertising & Promotion

� CVB

� Bricks & Mortar

St. Johns County$4,415,725 Annual Revenue

55%15%

6%

15%2%

7%

� Advertising, Sales & Promotion

� Administration/Indirect Fees

� Arts & Cultural Events

� Capital Project

� Beach Renourishment

� Collection & Audit

Historic Preservation Study:State of Florida

24 St. Augustine

5


History museums may celebratelocal, regional, or national placesand events; or they may range infocus from the display of a collec-tive past to the representation of asingle episode. Some museumscontain objects of historic interestand importance, while others pre-serve books, papers, and ephemerarelating to Florida’s past. Many, bycertainly not all, history museumsare housed in historically signifi-cant buildings. Despite these andmany other differences betweenthese institutions, the one thingshared by state history museums isa dedication to serve Florida’s citizens and to augment the qualityof their lives.

COMMUNITYHistory museums make their

communities better places to live in avariety of ways. Many, like the Ah-Tah-Thi-Ki Museum or the FortChristmas Historic Park organizespecial cultural events and family fes-tivals for local residents. Others workwith local government to increasepublic awareness of issues such aspreservation and conservation. They

initiate special hours, staying open atnight, so that the museum is availableto all segments of theregional population.Many museums are freeor make only nominalcharges to offset theirexpenses. Books, pho-tographs, and papersrelevant to regional andlocal history are pre-served by museumssuch as the St.Augustine Lighthouseand Museum or theJohn Riley House.These materials are pre-served for the public and made available at the museum or historicalsociety.

Many history museums havefocused their attention on local andregional identity. To that end,museums like the Indian RiverCitrus and Heritage Museum trainhigh school students to do oralinterviews. Other institutions, suchas the Fort Christmas HistoricalPark, sponsor individuals whodemonstrate local crafts, stories,industries, and agriculture. These

efforts preserve historical memoryand traditions and pass them alongto a new generation. Recently wehave seen the growth of museumsthat have emerged to address previously underrepresented con-stituencies. Holocaust museumsand museums devoted to African-

American or anemigrant experi-ence, for example,contribute to ourunderstanding ofthe rich diversity ofFlorida’s culturalhistory.

Florida’s citizensdemonstrate theirsupport for muse-ums, and the cen-tral role museumsplay in their lives,in a variety of ways.

They join membership groups andmuseum friends’ groups, donateobjects to enhance museum collec-tions, and volunteer countlessnumbers of hours. Citizens alsoserve on museum boards. Almostall museum boards in the state arecomposed of a majority of membersfrom the local and regional commu-nities. These individuals offer theirservices and raise funds to maintainthe museums and, at the same time,assure that the museum adheres toits mission and represents the inter-

History MuseumsTwo hundred and fifty-eight institutions identify

themselves as “history museums” in the state

of Florida. They are as diverse as the state itself.

ests of the community. Without the support and assistance of the citi-zens in their communities, historymuseums would not be able to playsuch a vital role in our communi-ties. Museum’s effects take a varietyof forms. In response to the depra-vation of citizens after a hurricane,the La Belle Heritage Museum pro-duced a “storm gourmet” cookbookof recipes that did not require cook-ing or heating. The Baker BlockMuseum in Baker provides travel-ing exhibitions to daycare centers,nursing homes, and adult educa-tion centers.

EDUCATIONThe most obvious impact of

history museums on the citizens ofFlorida, however, is the effect they

have on the education of the state’schildren. History museums and thecollections they so carefully pre-serve, make the history studiedfrom the flat pages of a book popinto three-dimensional reality.Seeing a place, standing in a loca-tion, viewing an object, or perform-ing a task — students see and feelthe local and state history that sur-rounds them. Over half of Florida’shistory museums provide specialprogramming tied to the SunshineState Standards. Most supply pro-gramming for teachers who arecharged with teaching Florida his-tory to fourth grade students. Thiseffort, however, is just the tip of theiceberg of educational outreach.Museums like the Eustis HistoryMuseum host essay contests that

are used to prepare students for theFCAT writing prompts. The St.Petersburg Holocaust Museumoffers free training for local teach-ers and invites visiting classes todecorate a tile that is exhibited onthe third floor of the museum.Almost 20% of history museumshave materials from their collec-tions that they bring directly intothe classroom for those studentswho cannot visit the museum. Forthose who are fortunate enough to be able to make the trip, muse-ums offer hands-on workshops where students can experience thetrill of an archeological dig or thepleasure of learning a traditionalhandicraft. Museums like theMorikami Museum and JapaneseGarden in Delray Beach work withat-risk children and young adults,reconnecting them to the community. For those studentswho are interested, museums provide internships that preparefuture leaders of the museum community.

ECONOMYHistory museums also posi-

tively affect the economies of thecommunity. Most obviously, theybring in tourist dollars by offeringspecial events and festivals likeBoca Raton Historical Society. Theyadvertise widely and build elabo-rate websites that not only givedirections and highlight the muse-um but also the cities and towns inwhich they are located. People visitmuseums for a variety of reasons.Some come to see a particular exhi-bition. For others, the historicalimportance of archival holdings ofhistory museums supportsgenealogical research. Research hasshown that museums are a stimu-


Mission San Luis, Tallahassee

lus to the economic activity of theimmediate area. Especially in urbanareas, restaurants, historic preser-vation zones, and gift shops surround museum locations.Museums affect the economichealth of the region by participat-ing in local civic organizations likethe Better Business Bureau or theChamber of Commerce, by forming

strategic partnerships with localbusinesses, and allowing commu-nity groups to use their facilities formeetings and/or social gatherings.Museums like the HistoricalSmallwood Store Museum inChokoloskee partner with localbusinesses for advertising and topackage tourist services such astrolley and airboat rides.

Businesses recognize museums as acritical element in the social fabricand show their support by partner-ing with museums to offer dis-counts to museum visitors, sponsorexhibitions and special events, andto join museum friends groups.

1. The Florida Association of Museums allowsmember institutions to self define their focus.Categories of museums are: history, science, art,and natural history.


Vizcaya Museum and GardensRiley House

Cape San Blas

Ft. Christmas

28 Gainesville

6


Further, as sustainable develop-ment becomes an increasingly sig-nificant strategy to address growthpressures, the proximity of historicneighborhoods to the central busi-ness district and other amenitiesconveys additional benefits. Suchhousing may also be among the lastunits affordable to lower- and mod-erate-income working families,especially in the hot housing mar-kets of Florida where the gapbetween median income and medi-an home value is rapidly increas-ing. Traditional tools, such as taxcredits, and innovative ones, suchas community land trusts, areoffering creative solutions to safe-guard affordability, to accommo-date the state’s increasingly diversepopulation, and to realize sustain-ability goals.

Often historic preservation isnot a strategy undertaken in olderworking class neighborhoodsunless those areas are undergoinggentrification, resulting in dis-placement of lower income house-holds with ones of much higherincome. While vernacular struc-

tures are now appreciated, they areoften still perceivedas distinct from thehistorical, social, andpolitical significanceof such places. With alivable community asa central goal, his-toric preservation cansafeguard these fea-tures while address-ing affordable hous-ing needs. Among the benefitsassociated with pre-serving older and his-toric neighborhoodsare the higher percentage of afford-able units as compared to new devel-opments and the proximity to work,school, shopping, and public transit.Almost 80% of those sampled livingin central cities rated their neighbor-hoods as 6 or better on a scale from 1to 10 where 1 represented the worstconditions. While not all of theseunits were historic (50 years old orolder), generally, central city neigh-borhoods contain a higher percentageof historic structures as compared to

the overall metropolitan area. Giventhe number of historic housing unitsthat provide shelter for lower incomepersons, affordable housing should bea central consideration in historicpreservation policies and programs.

Florida’s State Plan specifi-cally identifies historic preservationas a significant revitalization tool.

Further, the statepledges to increasethe supply of afford-able housing in partby “recycling olderhouses and redevel-oping residentialn e i g h b o rh o o d s ”(2005 F.S. Chapter187.201 (4)(b)3).Florida’s lowerincome householdshave a demonstratedhousing need andthe state’s growth

management legislation outlineshow local governments can inte-grate historic preservation andaffordable housing goals.

What tools then are availableto meet these goals, specifically toattract the private sector to under-take such rehabilitation projects?Among them are building codesthat accommodate rehabilitation,neighborhood conservation dis-tricts to complement local historicdistricts, community land trusts,

Historic and Affordable HousingFlorida’s historic residential neighborhoods offer a

range of housing types, configurations, and features

to accommodate the state’s diverse populations

based on income, stage of life, and household size.

hile a relatively new

tool in Florida, conser-

vation districts offer a

means for local gov-

ernments to flexibly address historic

fabric more broadly to encourage pro-

tection, rehabilitation, and revitaliza-

tion that is sensitive to a neighbor-

hood’s distinctive culture and charac-

ter. The cities of Zephyrhills, Tampa,

Miami, and Sarasota are all currently

using this approach. In Zephyrhills,

the Urban Conservation District is

structured as an economic revitaliza-

tion tool. The city requires that certain

minimum criteria be met prior to

approval of an Urban Conservation

plan or district, namely a finding of

blight, unsanitary conditions, or the

potential for blight. In Tampa, the Old

Seminole Heights Neighborhood

Association advocated passage of an

NCD to complement the two historic

districts – the Seminole Heights

Historic District and the Hampton

Terrace Historic District – by ensuring

compatible residential design consis-

tent with the “historic character” in

these adjacent neighborhoods.

Initially adopted in 2001, the Seminole

Heights Residential Overlay District

Development Standards apply only to

residential properties.

Conservation DistrictsZEPHYRHILLS, TAMPA, MIAMI, SARASOTA

W

expansion of existing revitalization pro-grams such as Front Porch Florida, thehistoric rehabilitation tax credit com-bined with the low-income housing taxcredit, preservation easements, revolv-ing loan funds, property tax relief toaddress increased property values dueto historic designation, and coordinatedplanning to proactively address poten-tial challenges such as gentrification.Two of these tools, conservation dis-tricts and community land trusts, arediscussed in greater detail below. For amore in-depth discussion of all of thesetools, see the Technical Report.

Neighborhood conservation districtsas local regulatory tools

When local historic districts are cre-ated, typically a conventional zoning oran overlay district is adopted to establishspecific regulations associated with thehistoric designation. Overlay districtsfunction in concert with the underlyingzoning. Requirements and incentives canbe tailored to address land uses anddevelopment characteristics distinctiveto an area – such as historic urban fabric.Typically historic overlay districts requireconformance with design guidelines andcan alter the underlying setback, height,and use requirements, not just for addi-tions or changes to existing structuresbut also for new infill development.

Neighborhoods might contain his-toric homes that are not eligible for his-toric designation due to lack of integri-ty or significance, or they may lack asufficient concentration of these homes.Other neighborhoods may have homesnearing the 50-year mark that do notyet qualify for historic designation.Neighborhood conservation districts(NCD) assist in safeguarding neighbor-hood character, particularly in areasproximate to high growth centers.Residents and local officials are turningto this regulatory tool to complement his-toric overlay districts. NCD requirements


Tampa

Zephyrhills

�

tend to be less extensive, focusingmore on character and less ondetailed design guidelines to protecthistoric fabric. Like historic overlaydistricts, NCD’s can be tailored toaddress the unique characteristics ofthe community. As this approachbecomes increasingly popular, ques-tions remain concerning how NCDsreally differ from local historic dis-tricts and, more critically, whether itis appropriate to “designate a residen-tial neighborhood as a conservationdistrict when it meets the criteria fordesignation as a historic district”.

Community land trusts:Community land trusts offer a

means for non-profits to createopportunities for longer-term afford-ability, particularly in lower valuedareas when housing prices begin toincrease. This long term affordabilityis secured by the non-profit’s owner-ship of the land in trust with thehousehold purchasing the home withcertain constraints on its resale value.Originally begun in the Northeast –Burlington, Vermont has one of thelargest inventories of such properties– this strategy to ensure long-termaffordability has just recently beenadopted in Florida. In addition tomaintaining housing affordability,community land trusts can also safe-guard historic structures by retainingthem in the housing inventory andassisting in their rehabilitation. TheBahama Conch Community LandTrust, the first such non-profit inFlorida, is the only community landtrust in the state that specificallyaddresses the twin goals of affordabil-ity and historic preservation. In addi-tion to addressing gentrification, akey goal in forming the non-profitwas the preservation of the historicAfrican-American community. Assuch, the community land trust offers

a means to maintain the cultural andhistorical qualities that contribute toFlorida neighborhoods while alsomeeting affordable housing goals.

Neighborhood Revitalization – A Caution:

Neighborhood revitalizationthrough safeguarding and enhancingexisting historic and culturalresources is a central goal of manylocal historic preservation programs.In addition, aesthetics, culture, andhistory often are essential factors increating an economic developmentstrategy. These qualities though,among others, can also characterizegentrification. If the city drafts “a uni-fied vision and plan” based on anunderstanding of the context, con-trols property to better direct redevel-opment, and communicates with andempowers the residents and propertyowners to ensure social equity, it willbe much better able to make anyresulting gentrification work for allmembers of the community.

Indicators to Assist in TargetingCombined Historic Preservationand Affordable Housing Goals:

Thus, affordability and historicpreservation can reinforce each

other, contributing to the quality oflife in Florida. Clearly growth man-agement legislation in Florida, withthe embedded commitment to con-sistency and concurrency, creates astructure for coordinated compre-hensive planning. In addition, toolssuch as conservation districts, com-munity land trusts, coordinated taxcredit projects, and the Front Porchprogram offer a means to creativelyengage the private sector while safe-guarding significant resources andexpanding affordability options.Employing these indicators as ameans to establish, monitor, andadjust integrated plans and strate-gies will result in a greater connec-tion between historic resources andthe availability of housing for lowerincome persons. Indicators thatassess historic preservation in com-bination with affordable housinginclude:� Distressed historic neighbor-

hoods: the presence of suchneighborhoods signal a potentialresource that, given the appropri-ate public sector programs, cancontribute to historic preserva-tion opportunities that increasethe supply of decent, affordablehousing.


St. Petersburg

n the hot housing market of

Key West, the Bahama Conch

Community Land Trust (2005)

seeks to prevent the gradual

loss of the neighborhood to gentrifica-

tion and the physical deterioration of

the housing stock by purchasing his-

toric properties, renovating and reha-

bilitating them as needed, and then

selling or leasing the homes to

income-qualified individuals with the

idea of “helping the community

become the beneficiary of change,

rather than the victim" (Sawyer-

Atanda, 2005). To date, the BCCLT has

managed to preserve seven historic

homes for single-family use and two

additional multi-family buildings, locat-

ed in the Key West Old Town Historic

District. These homes, all constructed

prior to 1950, house 31 low to moder-

ate-income residents, combining the

sometimes competing goals of historic

preservation and affordable housing.

BCCLT also assists potential buyers in

securing financing for properties. The

organization has been able to foster a

sense of community by becoming

deeply involved in local activities and

affordable housing efforts, the African

American cultural community, the envi-

ronmental community and the historic

preservation community.

Community Land TrustsKEY WEST

I

� Conservation districts offer a meansfor local governments to introducesome controls to protect such areaswithout requiring the age, integrity,or concentration of significant struc-tures requisite for a locally or nation-ally recognized district.

� Rehabilitation/certified tax credits: com-bining these credits is a popularapproach to rehabilitating income-pro-ducing residential properties. Using thecompetitive application process to privi-lege, rather than punish, developerswho do so ensures that these projectsare more likely to be financially viable.Further, adjusting the rehabilitationguidelines to more flexibly respond tothe significance of the historic structureensures greater responsiveness to afford-ability concerns without compromisinghistoric fabric.

� Assessed property value trends: eval-uating this data offers a means togauge whether a neighborhood is dis-tressed and thus a candidate for cer-tain interventions.

� Historic district/property reinvest-ment: communities that make com-munity reinvestment decisions thatintegrate historic preservation andaffordability goals through coordinat-ed efforts such as layering relevantprograms, should score higher pointsthan those that simply support his-toric preservation reinvestment.

� Historic preservation element/ plan inte-gration: an integrated approach resultsin better allocation of scarce resources.Further, design guidelines, preservationordinances, and disaster preparationand response that implement such planswill reflect a greater sensitivity to lowerincome households while maintaininghistoric preservation goals.

� Participation in other state/federalprograms and other incentive pro-grams: participation in programssuch as Front Porch or communityland trusts where opportunities to


�

integrate historic preservation intandem with affordable housingstrategies represent positiveindicators for evaluatingapproaches that enhance thequality of life in Florida.

� Historic preservation non-profits:non-profits, such as CLT’s thataddress both affordability andpreservation goals, should beweighted as a stronger quality oflife indicator.

� Neighborhood participation:neighborhood participation inrecognizing and fostering distinc-tive cultural and historical char-acteristics is particularly difficultin lower income communitieswhere such goals are consideredsecondary to more pressing eco-nomic needs. Hayden outlines thenecessity and benefits of an inte-grated strategy of revitalizing andsustaining such places.

� Tax exemptions: tax exemptionsare available to all owners of eli-gible historic properties inFlorida communities that haveofficially adopted this strategy.Generally, they contribute tohousing affordability by makingthe tax on improvements a rela-tively less expensive propositionfor as long as ten years.

� Housing affordability: if theindicators listed above areactively employed, then thisindicator will reflect “the com-munity’s commitment to provid-ing affordable housing while atthe same time enhancing its his-toric resources.”

By using indicators to identifyopportunities and challenges and byadopting tools that safeguard theseresources while encouraging privatesector participation, revitalization ofworking class homes and neighbor-

hoods is possible. As populationpressures continue to mount andhousing prices continue to escalate,realizing historic preservation andaffordability goals will ensure anenhanced quality of life in the state.

• Rypkema, Donovan. 2002. Historic Preservationand Affordable Housing The Missed Connection.Washington, DC: National Trust for HistoricPreservation. Accessed on 24 October 2005,http://www.nationaltrust.org/issues/housing/Missed_Connection.pdf.

• Beauregard, Robert. “Between Modernity andPostmodernity: The Ambiguous Position of U.S. Planning.” In Readings in Planning Theory,edited by Scott Campbell and Susan Fainstein.Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishers, 1996.

• Frieden, Bernard J. and Lynne B. Sagalyn (1992)Downtown, Inc.: How America Rebuilds Cities(Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press).

• Gratz, Roberta Brandes and Norman Mintz(1998) Cities Back from the Edge: New Life for Downtown (New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.).

• Kennedy, Maureen and Paul Leonard. 2001.Dealing with Neighborhood Change: A Primer onGentrification and Policy Choices, Working Paper.Washington, DC: The Brookings Institute.

• Miller, Julia. 2004. Protecting OlderNeighborhoods Through Conservation DistrictPrograms. Forum News 11(2): 1-2, 6.

• U.S. Census Bureau. 2004. American HousingSurvey for the United States: 2003. CurrentHousing Reports, Series H150/03. Washington,DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.


Madison

34 Carnegie Library, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee

Federal DisclaimerThis project and publication has beenfinanced in part with historic preservationgrant assistance provided by the NationalPark Service, U.S. Department of theInterior, administered through the Bureau ofHistoric Preservation, Division of HistoricalResources, Florida Department of State,assisted by the Florida HistoricalCommission. However, the contents andopinions do not necessarily reflect theviews and opinions of the Department ofthe Interior or the Florida Department ofState, nor does the mention of tradenames or commercial products constituteendorsement or recommendation by theDepartment of the Interior or the FloridaDepartment of State. This programreceived Federal financial assistance foridentification and protection of historicproperties. Under Title VI of the CivilRights Act of 1964, Section 504 of theRehabilitation Act of 1973, and the AgeDiscrimination Act of 1975, as amended,the U.S. Department of the Interior pro-hibits discrimination on the basis of race,color, age, national origin, religion, sex,disability, or sexual orientation in its fed-erally assisted programs. If you believeyou have been discriminated against inany program, activity, or facility asdescribed above, or if you desire furtherinformation, please write to: Office ofEqual Opportunity, U.S. Department ofInterior, National Park Service, 1849 CStreet, NW, Washington, DC 20240.

All photos are courtesy of: Bureau of Historic Preservation, Division ofHistorical Resources, Florida Department ofState; Florida Main Street; FloridaPhotographic Collection, Florida StateArchives; Smathers Libraries, P.K. YongeLibrary of Florida History, University ofFlorida; City of St. Petersburg; AndrewHamm, Urban Trust LLC, Jacksonville;Elaine Illes, IPI Consultants; Jo-Anne Peck,Preservation Resource, Inc.; Peter Prugh;JoAnn Klein; Kristin Larsen; TimothyMcLendon; and Glenn Willumson;

Project staff thanks their colleagues at theUniversity of Florida, who assisted in thepreparation of this report, including:

Center for GovernmentalResponsibility, Levin College of Law: Jon Carroll and Jim Robertson, LegalResearch Assistants; Laura Coates, OfficeManager; Lenny Kennedy, SeniorSecretary; Barbara Sieger, Secretary.

Department of Urban and RegionalPlanning, College of Design,Construction & Planning: Dr. Paul D. Zwick, Chair, Department of

Urban and Regional Planning; AssociateDean, College of Design, Construction andPlanning; Emily Bergeron; Teresa Russin.

Graduate Program in Museum Studies,College of Fine Arts: Oaklianna Brown, graduate assistant.Preliminary research was completed by the

members of the graduate seminar inmuseum studies in fall, 2005. Studentscompleting museum research and reportsincluded: Caroline Bradford, LeslieCampbell, Catherine Culver, AmberEddington, Laura Ferries, DeborahJohnson-Simon, Nate Lambaugh, BarbaraMatusik, Kelly O’Neill, Mandy Streeter,Jeremy Underwood, Maury Wiseman.

Department of Tourism, Recreation, andSports Management, College of Health& Human Performance:Catherine Culver, Masters Candidate, Fall

2006; Marketing and Events Coordinator,Department of Heritage Tourism, City ofSt. Augustine.

University of Florida, Bureau ofEconomic and Business Research:Chris McCartyAlicia TurnerMark Girson

University of Florida, Smathers Libraries,P.K. Yonge Library of Florida History:James Cusick, CuratorMil Willis

Project staff also thanks the many state andlocal government officials, business owners,and community leaders, who provided assis-tance and research for this report, including:

Florida Department of StateDivision of Historical Resources:Frederick Gaske, Director

Florida Department of StateDivision of Historical ResourcesBureau of Historic Preservation:David Gregory, Grants Manager,

Grants and Education SectionAlyssa Slade, Historic Preservation

Supervisor, Grants and Education SectionSusanne Hunt, Planner, Statewide

Education and Folklife ProgramsJoan Jefferson, Co-coordinator,

Florida Main Street ProgramAngela Tomlinson, Florida Main Street

ProgramPhilip Wisley, Architect, Architectural

Preservation Services SectionLauren Van Lierop, Communications

Office, Mission San Luis

Acknowledgments


7

Florida Department of CommunityAffairs, Waterfronts Florida Partnership:Jennifer Carver

Florida Department of Transportation:John McShaffrey

Florida Association of Convention & Visitor Bureaus:Rob Skrob

Alachua County:Susan Swires, Office of the

Alachua County Property AppraiserJohn Pricher, Alachua/Gainesville

Convention & Visitors Bureau

Baker County:Amy Griffith, Baker County TourismDevelopment Council

Bay County:Robert Warren, Panama City Beach


Bradford County:Ron Lilly, North Florida Regional

Chamber of CommerceTom Bartosek, Florida’s Space

Coast Office of Tourism

Broward County:Chris Eck, Broward County Historical

CommissionKenneth Gibbs, Office of the Broward

County Property AppraiserFrancine Mason, Greater Fort Lauderdale


Charlotte County:Becky Borrell, Charlotte Harbor & The

Gulf Islands Visitors Bureau

Citrus County:Mary B. Craven, Citrus County Convention

& Visitors Bureau

Clay County:Eve Szymanski, Clay County Tourism

Development Council

Collier County:Jack Wert, Greater Naples, Marco Island &

the Everglades Convention & VisitorsBureau

Columbia County:Harvey Campbell, Columbia County

Tourism Development Council

City of Coral Gables:Simone Chin

Duval County:Jim Overton, Office of the Duval County

Property Appraiser

Escambia County:Ed Schroeder, Pensacola Bay Area

Convention & Visitors BureauInformation Center

City of Fernandina Beach:Catherine Hartley

Flagler County:Christina Laundrie, Flagler County Palm

Coast Chamber of Commerce

Ft. Christmas Museum:Trudy Trask, Historic Site SupervisorJoseph Adams, Educational CoordinatorVickie Prewett, Collections Curator

Gadsden County:Stuart Johnson, Gadsden County Tourism

Development Council

City of Gainesville:Darlene Henrichs

Gulf County:Paul Ramsey Pickett, Gulf County Tourism

Development Council

Hamilton County:Nancy Oliver, Hamilton County Tourism

Development Council

Hendry County:Jeff Barwick, Hendry County Tourism

Development Council

Hernando County:Susan Rupe, Hernando County Tourism

Development Council

Highlands County:Jim Brantley, Convention & Visitors Bureau

of Highlands County

Hillsborough County:Steve Hayes, Tampa Bay Convention &

Visitors Bureau

Indian River County:Lori Burns, Indian River Chamber of

Commerce – Tourism Division

Jackson County:Art Kimbrough, Jackson County Tourism

Development Council

City of Jacksonville:Joel McEachinLisa Sheppard John Reyes, Jacksonville & The Beaches

Convention & Visitors BureauJerry Spinks, Jacksonville Historical SocietyBen Warner, Jacksonville Community

Council, Inc.Herschel Shepard, FAIA, Preservation

Architect

City of Key West:Norma Jean Sawyer-Atanda, Executive

Director, Bahama Conch CommunityLand Trust of Key West, FL Inc.

Kissimmee Main Street:Jessica Newman

Lake County:Greg Mihalic, Lake County Dept. of

Economic Development & Tourism

Lee County:Nancy Hamilton, Lee County Convention

& Visitors Bureau

Leon County:Kay Strong-Hogan, Leon County Tourism

Development Council

Levy County:Michael Jones, Levy County Tourism

Development Council

Madison County:Paul Arnold, Madison County Tourism

Development Council

Manatee County:Monica Luff, Bradenton Area Convention

& Visitors Bureau


Martin County:Cheryl Bass, Martin County Tourism

Development Council

Melbourne Main Street:Laird Gann

Miami-Dade County:Thomas Logue, Miami-Dade County Attorney’s

OfficeRick Ferrer, Miami-Dade County Historic

Preservation Board Ivan Rodriguez, Miami-Dade County Historic

Preservation BoardDavid Rooney, Office of the Miami-Dade

County Property AppraiserBill Anderson, Greater Miami Convention &

Visitors Bureau

Milton Main Street:Vernon Compton

Monroe County:Harold Wheeler, Monroe County Tourism

Development Council

Nassau County:Carolyn Haney, Amelia Island Tourism

Development CouncilTammy Stiles, Office of the Nassau County

Property Appraiser

Okaloosa County:Darrel C. Jones, Emerald Coast


Okeechobee County:Kathy Scott, Okeechobee County Tourism

Development Council

Orange County:William C. Peeper, Orlando/Orange County

Convention & Visitors Bureau, Inc.

Osceola County:Tim Hemphill, Kissimmee/St. Cloud


Palm Beach County:W.E. McLaughlin, Palm Beach County


Pasco County:Diane Jones, Pasco County Tourism

Development Council

Pinellas County:Lee Daniel, St. Petersburg/Clearwater Area


Polk County:Mark Johnson, Central Florida Visitors &

Convention Bureau

Putnam County:W.D. Larson, III, Putnam

County Chamber of Commerce

Riley House Museum:Althamese Barnes, Founder and Executive

DirectorGeraldine Johnson-Johnson, former EducatorAnthony Dixon, Archivist

St. Augustine Lighthouse and Museum:Kathy A. Fleming, Executive DirectorPaul Wenglowsky, Director of Maritime

EducationKathleen McCormick, Museum ConservatorDebe Thompson, Volunteer CoordinatorMollie Malloy, Director of Museum

Development

St. Johns County:Dena Masters, St. Augustine, Ponte Vedra &

The Beaches Visitors & Convention BureauGeorgia Katz, St. Johns County Planning Dept.

St. Lucie County:Larry Daum, St. Lucie Tourism Development

Council

City of St. Petersburg:Kimberly HinderBob Jeffrey

Santa Rosa County:Kathy Newby, Santa Rosa County Tourism

Development Council

Sarasota County:Virginia Haley, Sarasota Convention & Visitors

Bureau

Seminole County:Suzan Bunn, Seminole County Convention &

Visitors Bureau

Suwannee County:Greg D’Angio, Suwannee County Tourism

Development Council

City of Tampa:Del AcostaAndrew Ham, Urban Trust LLC, JacksonvilleElaine Illes, IPI ConsultantsJo-Anne Peck, Preservation Resource, Inc.

Taylor County:Dawn Taylor, Taylor County Tourism

Development Council

Volusia County:Art Heinz, Office of the Volusia County Tax

Collector

Wakulla County:Greg James, Office of the Wakulla County

Clerk of Court

Walton County:Erin LaGrosse, Beaches of South Walton


Washington County:Ted Everett, Washington County Tourism

Development Council

City of West Palm Beach:Friederike Mittner


Florida Tourism Map, 1941

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