To find out what an auxiliary verb’s function is in a sentence

To find out what verbs can be used as auxiliary verbs

Read the explanation and speak out the word or the expression it explains.

the period of time during which someone lives or something exists the ability to do something well someone who has invented something or whose job is to invent things

to leave a place, thing or person forever

a formal arrangement to meet or visit someone at a particular time and place

n. lifetime

n. competence

n. inventor

vt. abandonn. appointment

一生，终生

能力，技能

发明家，发明者

放弃，抛弃约会

1. The Internet has too much information that has not been evaluated for accuracy.2. There are two main points which must be included when we analyse the Internet.3. Internet users can communicate with experts on all sorts of topics…4. These problems do not occur as often when people use traditional reference materials.

5. This article will focus on two drugs that started revolutions in medicine.6. Without the Internet, these people would have fewer avenues to meet people.7. One of the goals is to ensure that clean water is available to everyone. (Module 6)8. Many countries would rather be cautious with this new technology.9. The children are supposed to be at school before 8 a.m.

We called these underlined words —

Auxiliary verbs are used in forming tenses, moods, and voices of other verbs. Verbs used for this purpose include be, do, have and modals.

to test your sense of observationto test your ability of short-term memory to test your ability to highlight the language points

Guess

1. The Internet has too much information that ____________ (be) evaluated for accuracy.2. There are two main points which ______ ____________ (include) when we analyse the Internet.3. Internet users ______ communicate with experts on all sorts of topics…4. These problems _____________ (not occur) as often when people use traditional reference materials.

has not been

must be included

can

do not occur

5. This article _____ focus on two drugs that started revolutions in medicine.6. Without the Internet, these people ______ have fewer avenues to meet people.7. One of the goals ___________ (ensure) that clean water is available to everyone. 8. 8. Many countries _____________ be cautious with this new technology.9. The children _________________ (suppose) at school before 8 a.m.

will

would

is to ensure

would rather

are supposed to be

Read the sentences and point out the functions of the words in red.

1. My name is Zhu Fei and I am speaking in favour of the Internet.

am

We can see two verbs is and am. Are the two used as the linking verbs here? What is the function of am in this sentence?

“Is” is used as the linking verb, which connects the subject my name to Zhu Fei; on the other hand “am” is an auxiliary verb, which is used together with speaking to show the time at which the action speak is occurring.

2. One of the greatest benefits of Internet friendships is that they are based on common interests, rather than appearance or age.

Is are here a linking verb or an auxiliary verb? If it is an auxiliary verb, does it just tell us the time when the action occurs?

are

Here we can see are is used together

with the verb “base” in its past

participle form, which tells us the

sentence is in the passive voice.

Thus, are is used as an auxiliary

verb.

3. Young people from diverse backgrounds and different countries can form friendships that will last their entire lives.

canwill

What is the function of can used in the sentence? What does will mean here? What do we want to express when we use will in this way?

Can is a modal auxiliary verb, which

means “It is possible for someone to

do something”. Will here is used to

make the future tense.

4. The main drawbacks of the Internet I will address today are that it has too much information that has not been evaluated for accuracy, and that it is transforming the way people spend their time.

willhas been

is

We can see has is used twice in the fourth sentence. What is the function of the first has? Does the second has has the same function as the first has? Do you know why been is used here?

The first has means “to own or hold” and it is a notional or lexical verb. The second has is an auxiliary verb, used to form the present perfect tense. We use been here to form the passive voice because after the auxiliary verbs have, has or had, we must use the past participle form of a verb.

5. Seventy per cent of their problems were with people who sold things that did not exist.did

We can see did in this sentence. We all know that did is the past form of do. Does did here mean that someone performed an action? If not, why is did used in this sentence?

Did here is an auxiliary verb used together with not to form a negative meaning. The auxiliary verbs do, does, and did can also be used to form interrogative sentences, or for emphasis.

助动词协助主要动词完成以下功用：(1)表示时态 He is singing.(2)表示语态 He was sent to England.(3)构成疑问句 Do you like college life?(4)与否定词 not 合用，构成否定句。 I don’t like him.(5) 加强语气。 Do come to the party tomorrow evening.

Conclusion about auxiliary verbs:

情态动词也是助动词的一种，其本身有一定的词义，但要与动词原形一起使用，给谓语动词增添情态色彩，表示说话人对有关行为或事物的态度和看法，表示可能、应该或必要等。情态动词后面加动词原形，但无人称和数的变化。基本助动词 (do, be, have 等 ) 与情态助动词最主要的区别之一是 : 基本助动词本身没有词义，而情态助动词则有自己的词义，能表示说话人对有关动作或状态的看法，或表示主观设想。

Fill in the blanks with auxiliary verbs.Success never comes easy. How many of you (1) _____ heard of successful people who (2) ________ made any effort? People often have to overcome failures before they can accomplish something great. They usually (3) ______ find success from the very beginning.

havehaven’t

don’t

(Part A, P41)

Van Gogh sold only one painting during his lifetime, but this (4) ______ stop him from completing over 800 paintings. Thomas Edison (5) _____ fired from his first two jobs for lack of competence. Later, as an inventor, he tried 1,000 times to create the light bulb, without success. He was confident in himself, and eventually he (6) _____ succeed. When asked, ‘How (7) ____ it feel to fail 1,000 times?’ Edison replied,

didn’t

was

did did

‘I (8) _______ fail 1,000 times. The light bulb was an invention with 1,000 steps.’

These successful people have set good examples to us. They (9) ____________ achieved their success if they had abandoned their dreams. Believe in yourself and try your best, and success (10) _____ not be far from you.

didn’t

wouldn’t have

will

Can you tell what these verbal phrases are called? have (got) to, had better, cannot but, would sooner/rather (…than), be to be supposed to, ought to, used to be about to, be able to, be likely toThese phrases are called ——

★We use have (got) to to show that it is necessary to do sth, or to give advice. The negative form not have to means that sth is not necessary.

I often have got to work overtime.

In order to win, you may have to do some things you do not want to do.

You don’t have to work on Sundays.

★ We use would rather/sooner (…than) to mean that people prefer to do sth.

You would rather stay at home and do some reading this evening.

I would rather watch TV at home than go to the cinema. He’d rather work in the countryside.

在使用 ‘ would rather …than…’ 句型时，应注意：

1.如该句型前后连接的两个动词相同，则 than 之后的那个动词可省去。例如：

I’d rather you know that now than afterwards.

我宁可你现在就知道这件事 , 而不是以后。2. would rather...than... 也可改写“ would... rather than...” ，其用法及含义仍不变。 例如：

Facing the enemies, our soldiers would die rather than surrender. 面对敌人，我们的战士宁死不屈。

3. 有时，为了表示语气上的强调，还可将 rather than 置于句首，例如： Rather than refuse to help you, I would borrow money from my friends. 我宁可向朋友借钱 , 也不愿拒绝帮助你。

4. would rather 后可跟从句，表示主语宁愿让 某人干某事。从句谓语动词用虚拟语气， 即用一般过去时表示现在或将来要做的 事；用过去完成时表示过去要做的事。 I’d rather she set out to do the work now. 我宁愿她现在就着手做这项工作。 I’d rather you met her at the airport tomorrow morning. 但愿你明天早上能在机场见到她。 I’d rather you hadn’t told him the news that day. 我真希望你那天没有把那消息告诉他。

★ We use be to to refer to a future arrangement or to give a formal instruction or an order.She is to be married next month. The letter is to be handed to him in person. You are to do your homework before you watch TV.

用于否定句，表示“禁止”，相当于 mustn’t 。例如： The books in this room are not to be taken outside. 这个室内的书籍不得带出室外。

★ We use be likely to to mean sth will probably happen or is probably true.

The application of this technology is likely to cause a revolution in this industry.

Take an umbrella with you. It is likely to rain.

★We use be supposed to to mean that sth is expected or required. We use be not supposed to to mean that sth is not allowed.

You are supposed to ask the teacher if you want to leave the classroom.We are supposed to be meeting alone.Such questions are considered too personal in Europe and are not supposed to be asked if two people are not on very close terms.

★ We use used to to refer to sth that happened continuously or frequently in the past.

I used to love cats, until I was attacked by a black cat last week.

He didn’t use to/used not to smoke when he was younger.

Did he use to come as often as he does now?

Fill in the blanks with the phrases below. Change the form if necessary. (Part B, P41)

be supposed to, be likely to, be able tobe about to, would rather, used to

I wonder whether Mike is getting annoyed with me. I had promised to help him with his Maths in the library this afternoon, but just as I (1) ______________ start out, Uncle John, who had just come back from abroad,

was about to

come to see me. John has always been a good friend as well as a good uncle. He (2) _________ come to see me when I was young, but I had not seen him for ages. We had a good chat and had a very nice time together. I tried to call Mike and tell him about the delay, but (3) ______________ reach him since his mobile phone was powered off. When I got to the library, he

used to

wasn’t able to

was nowhere to be seen. He (4) ___________

be very upset, since I (5) ________________

meet him at the library. I think I’d better

apologize to him tomorrow for not keeping

the appointment. I (6) ______________ tell

him the truth than make an excuse.

was likely to

was supposed to

would rather

Auxiliary verbs

Functions Examples Forms of main verbs followed

do, does, did

to form negative sentences

I don’t like the movie.

the infinitive without to

to form interrogative sentences

How did it feel to fail 1,000 times?

Auxiliary verbs

Functions Examples Forms of main verbs followed

be (am, is, are, was, were)

to show the continuous tenses

I am speaking in favour of the Internet.

the verb-ing form

to form the passive voice

Thomas Edison was fired from his first two jobs.

the past participle

Auxiliary verbs

Functions Examples Forms of main verbs followed

have, has, had

to show the perfect tense

I have read this book twice.

the past participle

will, shall to show the future tense

My uncle will come home tomorrow.

the infinitive without to

Auxiliary verbs

Functions Examples Forms of main verbs followed

modal auxiliary verbs (can, may, must,…)

to show mood, possibility, necessity, or to express a request, a wish, a suggestion, etc.

Young people from diverse backgrounds and different countries can form friendships that will last their entire lives.

the infinitive without to

1.What are the functions of “do, does, did”?

2.What are the functions of “be”?

3.What are the functions of “have, has, had”?

4.What are the functions of modal auxiliary verbs?

请点击 word 图标

Quiz I: 单项选择题。1. So far this year we _____ a fall in house

prices by between 5 and 10 percent. A. saw B. see C. had seen D. have seen2. The moment I got home, I found I ______ my jacket on the playground. A. had left B. left C. have left D. was leaving

3. Though we don’t know what discussed, yet we can feel the topic _____. A. had changed B. will change C. was changed D. has been changed4. Teenagers ______ their health because they play computer games too much. A. have damaged B. are damaging C. damaged D. will damage

5. It is usually warm in my hometown in March, but it ______ be rather cold sometime.A. must B. can C. should D. would6. — I can’t find my purse anywhere. — You _____ have lost it while shopping. A. may B. can C. should D. would

7. When I was young, I was told that I ____

play with matches.A. wouldn’t B. needn’t C. mustn’t D. daren’t8. According to the air traffic rules, you ______ switch off your mobile phone before boarding. A. may B. can C. would D. should

Quiz II: Translation.

1. 业余爱好应该是令人放松的。 (be supposed to)

Hobbies are supposed to be relaxing.

2. 他不可能当选总统。 (be likely to)

He is not likely to be elected as president.

3. 刀可以用来切苹果。 (be used to)

Knives can be used to cut apples.

4. 他们宁愿去钓鱼，也不愿待在家里。 (would rather… than) They would rather go fishing than stay at home.5. 我们一定得在六点以前回家不可。 (have got to) We have got to be home by six.6. 他是那种能在压力大的情况下工作之人。 (be able to) He is the man who is able to work under high pressure.

To preview Task about getting news from the Internet:Skills building 1: reading chartsSkills building 2: forming more specific questionsSkills building 3: reporting on facts and figures

Finish C1, C2 on page 118.