Basic Arthropod Taxonomy Arthropods include the insects, spiders, mites, ticks, ostracods, copepods, scorpions, centipedes, shrimps, and crayfishes. Of these, insects make up > 50% of all the nominal species of organisms in the world. Insects and its allies or relatives whether pests or beneficials are part of rice ecosystems. Basic arthropod identification is important in ecological research to understand interactions, which are vital for developing better pest management tools and strategies.

Differences: Insects (Class Insecta) and Spiders (Class Arachnida, Order Araneae) Insects Spiders

Body regions3: head, thorax and abdomen2: cephalothorax (fused head and thorax) and unsegmented abdomen

Eyes 2-3 compound eyes and3 ocelli or simple eyes0-8 (with some ground dwellers having no eyes)

Legs (no.)3 pairs4 pairs

WingsPresentAbsent

AntennaePresentAbsent

Summary of Insect Orders and Families and Spider Families covered in this workshop OrderFamilyCommon nameCommon speciesFood habit

Odonata Coenagrionidae Damselfly Agriocnemis femina femina (Brauer) Predator (flying insects and hoppers)

A. pygmaea (Rambur)Predator (flying insects and hoppers)

OdonataLibellulidaeDragonflyDiplacodes trivialis (Drury)Predator (stem borers, leaffeeders and planthoppers)

Orthoptera Tettigoniidae Long-horned grasshoppersConocephalus longipennis (de Haan)Predator (rice bug, stem borers, and planthopper and leafhopper nymphs)

GryllidaeCricketsEuscyrtus concinnus (de Haan)Pest

AcrididaeShort-horned grasshopper Oxya spp.Pest

GryllotalpidaeMole cricketsGryllotalpa sp.Pest

Dermaptera Chelisochidae EarwigsEuborellia sp. Predator (leaffolder larvae)

Thysanoptera ThripidaeThrips Stenchaetothrips biformis (Bagnall)Pest

Aeolothripidae

Phlaeothripidae

Hemiptera MesoveliidaeWater treadersMesovelia sp.Predator (stem borer larvae and hoppers)

VeliidaeBroad shouldered water striders or ripple bugsMicrovelia sp.Predator (hopper nymphs)

Gerridae Large water stridersLimnogonus sp.Predator (hoppers, moths and insect larvae)

CorixidaeWater boatmen bugsMicronecta sp.Predator

MiridaePlant bugs or leaf bugsCytorhinus sp. Predator (hopper eggs)

NotonectidaeBackswimmersAnisops sp.Predator

PleidaeSmall backswimmersPlea sp. Predator

HydrometridaeSlender water stridersHydrometra sp.Predator

OchteridaeVelvety shore bugsOchterus sp.Predator

SaldidaeShore bugsSaldula sp.Predator

CoreidaeLeaf-footed bugsCletus sp.Pest

LygaeidaeSeed bugsGeocoris sp. Pachybrachius sp.Predator Pest

AlydidaeBroad-headed bugsLeptocorisa sp.Pest

ReduviidaeAssassin bugsPolytoxus fuscovittatus(Stal)Predator (moth and butterfly larvae)

NabidaeDamsel bugsNabis sp. Stenonabis sp.PredatorPredator

PentatomidaeStink bugsScotinophara sp.Nezara sp.Pygomenida spp.Zincrona sp.PestPestPest and PredatorPredator

BelostomatidaeGiant water bugsDiplonychus rusticus FabriciusPredator

AleyrodidaeWhitefliesAleurodicus sp.Pest

AphididaeAphidsTetraneura sp.Pest

CicadellidaeLeafhoppersNephotettix virescens (Distant) N. nigropictus (Stal) N. malayanus Ishihara & Kawase Cofana spectra (Distant) Recilia dorsalis (Motschulsky)PestPestPestPestPest

DelphacidaePlanthoppersNilaparvata lugens (Stal)Sogatella furcifera (Horvath)PestPest

DelphacidaePlanthoppersLaodelphax striatellus (Fallen)Pest

MeenoplidaeMeenoplid planthoppersNisia carolinensis FennahPest

Dictyopharidae Dictyopharids Chanitus sp.Pest

CercopidaeFroghoppers or pittlebugsClovia sp.Pest

Coleoptera CoccinellidaeLadybird beetlesHarmonia sp. Menochilus sp. Micraspis sp. Predator (planthoppers, small larvae and exposed eggs) Predator (planthoppers, small larvae and exposed eggs) Predator (planthoppers, small larvae and exposed eggs)

ChrysomelidaeLeaf beetlesLema sp.Pest

CarabidaeGround beetlesOphionea sp.Predator (leaffolder larvae)

AnthicidaeAnt-like beetlesFormicomus sp.Predator

CurculionidaeSnout beetlesSitophilus oryzae LinnaeusPest

ScarabaeidaeScarab beetlesLeucophilus irrorata (Chevrolat)Pest

HydrophilidaeWater scavenger beetlesHydrophilus sp. Predator

DytiscidaePredaceous diving beetleCybister sp.Predator

Strepsiptera ElenchidaeTwisted-winged parasitoidsElenchus sp. Parasitoid (planthoppers)

HalictophagidaeTwisted-winged parasitoidsHalictophagus sp.Parasitoid (leafhoppers)

Lepidoptera PyralidaeSnout moths Chilo suppressalis(Walker) Scirpophaga incertulas (Walker) Cnaphalocrocis medinalis (Guenee) Marasmia patnalis BradleyPestPestPestPest

NoctuidaeNoctuidsSpodoptera litura (Fabricius) S. mauritia acronyctoides (Guenee) Mythimna separata (Walker)PestPestPest

SatyridaeSatyridsMelanitis sp. Mycalesis sp.PestPest

Hesperiidae Skippers Parnara sp. Pelopidas sp.PestPest

Diptera TipulidaeCrane fliesTipula sp. Detritivore/tourist

CeratopogonidaeBiting midges, punkies or no-seeumsNilobezzia sp.Predator

ChironomidaeMidgesChironomus spDetritivore/tourist

CulicidaeMosquitoesDetritivore/tourist

AsteiidaeAstea sp.Tourist

DolichopodidaeLong-legged fliesSyntormon sp. Medetera sp. Dolichopus sp.PredatorPredatorPredator

PipunculidaeBig headed fliesPipunculus sp. Tomosvaryella sp.Parasitoid (leafhoppers)Parasitoid (hoppers)

EphydridaeShore fliesBrachydeutera sp. Hydrellia sp. Notiphila sp. Paralimna sp. Psilopa sp. Scatella stagnalis Ochthera sp.PestPestDetritivore/touristDetritivore/touristDetritivore/touristDetritivore/tourist Predator

EmpididaeDance fliesDrapetis (Drapetis) sp. Drapetis(Elaphropeza) sp. PredatorPredator

ChloropidaeFruit flies or grass fliesMepachymerus ensifer(Thompson)Detritivore/tourist

MuscidaeMuscidsMusca domesticaDetritivore/tourist

TachinidaeTachinidsArgyrophylax Carcelia SturmiopsisParasitoidParasitoidParasitoid

CalliphoridaeBlow flies or bluebottlesCalliphoraDetritivore/tourist

Sarcophagidae Flesh fliesSarcophagaDetritivore/tourist

SciomyzidaeMarsh fliesSepedon sp.Detritivore/tourist

SyrphidaeHover flies, flower fliesSphaerophoria sp. Eristalis sp.PollinatorPollinator

Hymenoptera Aphelinidae Aphelinids Aphelinus sp. Encarsia sp.ParasitoidParasitoid

Bethylidae Bethylids Goniozus sp. Parasitoid

CeraphronidaeCeraphronidsCeraphron sp.Parasitoid

ChalcididaeChalcidsAphanogmus sp. Brachymeria spParasitoid Parasitoid

Dryinidae Dryinids Dicondylus sp. Pseudogonatopus sp. Haplogonatopus sp. ParasitoidParasitoidParasitoid

Elasmidae Elasmids Elasmus sp. Parasitoid

Encyrtidae Encyrtids Copidosomopsis Parasitoid

Eulophidae Eulophids Tetrastichus Euplectrus Stenomesius Hemiptarsenus Pediobius ParasitoidParasitoidParasitoidParasitoidParasitoid

Eupelmidae Eupelmids Neanastatus Eupelmus ParasitoidParasitoid

Eurytomidae Eurytomids Eurytoma Parasitoid

Mymaridae Mymarids Gonatocerus Mymar Anagrus ParasitoidParasitoidParasitoid

Platygasteridae Platygasterids Platygaster Parasitoid

Pteromalidae Pteromalids TrichomalopsisParasitoid

Trichogrammatidae sf.TrichogrammatoideaTrichogrammatids

Oligosita TrichogrammaParasitoidParasitoid

Scelionidae Scelionids Psix Telenomus Gryon Idris Baeus Macroteleia ParasitoidParasitoidParasitoidParasitoidParasitoidParasitoid

Braconidae Braconids Cardiochiles Cotesia Opius Aulacocentrum Tropobracon ParasitoidParasitoidParasitoidParasitoidParasitoid

Ichneumonidae Ichneumonids Xanthopimpla Trichomma Temelucha Itoplectis ParasitoidParasitoidParasitoidParasitoid

Formicidae Ants Polyrachis Solenopsis PredatorPredator

Apidae Honeybees Apis Pollinator

VespidaeVespidsEumenes RopalidiaPredatorPredator

AnthoporidaeBumble bees Xylocopa Pollinator

Sphecidae Sphecids Sceliphron madraspatanum conspicillatum (Fabricius)Predator

Other insect orders and families OrderFamilyCommon nameCommon speciesFood habit

Collembola

SminthuridaeEntomobryidae Isotomidae Springtails Sminthurus Entomobrya Isotoma Detritivore/tourist

Ephemeroptera Mayfly Detritivore/tourist

Mantodea Mantidae Mantids Mantis Predator

Phasmatodea Walking sticks Pest

Blattodea Blattelidae Cockroaches Periplaneta Detritivore/tourist

Order: Araneae Spider families Food Habit: all spiders predator

Family Common name Common species

Araneidae Orb weavers Araneus Argiope

Lycosidae Wolf spider Pardosa

Linyphiidae Dwarf spiders Atypena Erigone

Oxyopidae Lynx spider Oxyopes

Clubionidae Sac spiders Clubiona Cheiracanthium

Salticidae Jumping spiders Bianor Harmochirus Myrmarachne

Tetragnathidae Long-jawed orb weavers Tetragnatha

Thomisidae Crab spider Thomisus Runcinia

TheridiidaeComb-footed spiderChrysso

HeteropodidaeGiant crab spidersOlios

Gnaphosidae Ground spider Zelotes