To earn your energy badge, and earn 25 bonus points, you must score at least an 80% on your Energy Quiz and accumulate 100 points from the following:

Complete the following class activities:• Maple Syrup: Photosynthesis at Work (15 points)• Case Study: The Mystery of the Seven Deaths (5 points)• Food Web/Pyramid Poster (15 points)• Lab – Exercise and Cellular Respiration (25 points)

Complete at least one of the following:• 10 Facts on Photosynthesis (10 points)• Crash Course Photosynthesis (10 points)• Light Intensity and Photosynthesis Activity (10 points)• Exploring Wavelength (10 points)• Photosynthesis Worksheet (10 points)• Diagramming Photosynthesis (10 points)

Complete at least one of the following:• Cell Respiration and Exercise Article and Questions (10 points)• Crash Course ATP and Respiration (10 points)• Fatigue and the Ability to Do Work (10 points)• Measuring Cell Respiration Activity (10 points)• Cell Respiration Practice Test (10 points)• Diagramming Cell Respiration (10 points)• Case Study: Wrestling with Weight Loss – the Dangers of DNP (10 points)

Complete at least one of the following:• Macroinvertebrate Feeding Frenzy Article and Questions (10 points)• Crash Course Links in the Chain (10 points)• Helping Wildlife Article and Questions (10 points)• Does Soup Provide a Complete Meal (10 points)• Deer Predation (10 points)• Pocono Energy Flow (10 points)

DUE DATEFriday April 13, 2018

Submit work as you complete it

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UGbOP79EhT0

Living things need to

acquire energy; this is

a characteristic of life.

EnergyWhat is Energy?

• The capacity to cause change• The ability to do work• The ability to rearrange matter

Law of Conservation of Energy • Energy cannot be created or

destroyed• Energy can be converted from

one form to another

Introduction to Energy

Energy is in two basic forms:

1. Potential energy - stored energy

2. Kinetic energy - energy in motion

i.e. car at top of hill, coiled spring, ball

ready to be dropped

i.e. car rolling, spring unwinding, ball

falling

Energy Flow

Origin of virtually all the energy on Earth is the Sun

1. How much sunlight actually reaches the Earth?

2. How much sunlight is used to power Earth’s physical processes?

3. How much sunlight actually reaches producers in the biosphere?

From that little bit of light, we get over 170 billion tons of

organic matter each year

Flow of Energy

The flow of energy in ecosystems

occurs in one direction; energy does

not cycle.

Energy is not created,

destroyed, or recycled

Energy is eventually

released as heat

Figure 5.2

Fuel rich inchemicalenergy

Energy conversionWaste productspoor in chemicalenergy

Oxygen

Carbon dioxide

Energy conversion in a car

Energy for cellular work

Energy conversion in a cell

Heatenergy

Heatenergy

Carbon dioxide

Oxygen

Combustion

Cellularrespiration

Kinetic energy of movement

ATP

Octane(from gasoline)

Glucose(from food)

Water

Water

7

Energy in the CellIn the cell, different structures and processes exist for the

Production of Energy Storage of Energy

Release of Energy

Cells use energy for

Homeostasis Movement and Feeding

Cell Division Enzyme Production

Cell organelles involves in energy include:

Nucleus – Operation of the Cell

Chloroplast – Energy production

Mitochondria – Energy production

Lysosome – Digestion

Vacuole – Storage

6 CO2 + 6 H2O C6H12O6 + 6O2

Sunlight

Chlorophyll

Plants, algae, & some bacteria all contain chlorophyll

Plants and algae – Chloroplast

Bacteria – Cytoplasm

Photosynthesis

Factors affecting photosynthesis

Light Intensity

Wavelength

Light Dependent Reaction Light IndependentReaction

Requires Sunlight Does not require sunlight

Produces oxygen gas Consumes carbon dioxide

Produces material neededfor Light Independent Reaction

Produces energy molecules that will be converted to sugars in the plant

Cellular respiration occurs in all living things and is the

release of this energy a little bit at a time

6 CO2 + 6 H2OC6H12O6 + 6O2

Cellular RespirationGlucose (C6H12O6) is a product of photosynthesis and is

the basic food for all living things

Glucose contains so much energy, the cell would die if

all the energy were released at one time

Two paths for respiration

Aerobic – Oxygen is available to the cell

Anaerobic – Oxygen is unavailable to the cell

Produces 2 energy molecules

Glycolysis

Breaking of the glucose

Occurs in the cytoplasm

Converts the 6-carbon sugar into two 3-carbon

compounds called pyruvates

Anaerobic respiration (no oxygen)

Glucose

Glycolosis

Alcohol

Lactic Acid

Electron Transport

Chain

Kreb Cycle Fermentation

Aerobic Anaerobic

Glucose

Glycolosis

Comparing Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration

Complementary

processes

Both reactions

must occur for

organisms to

have usable

energy

Comparison of Photosynthesis and Cellular

Respiration

Photosynthesis Cellular Respiration

Chloroplast/Cytoplasm Mitochondria

Food accumulated Food broken down

Energy from light Energy from chemical bonds

Stores energy Releases energy

Reactants: CO2, H2O Reactants: Glucose and O2

Products: Glucose, O2 Products: CO2, H2O

Only in presence of light Occurs day and night

Requires chlorophyll Occurs in all living cells

Introduction to Energy

Energy in organisms is either produced or

consumed:

Producers (aka autotrophs) –

Organisms that can convert

chemical or light energy to food

Consumers (aka heterotrophs) –

Organisms that cannot make

their own food

Eats plant material Eats other animal material

Eats anything

Eats dead stuff

Breaks down dead stuff at the microscopic level

A calorie is the amount of

energy that can raise the

temperature of one gram of

water by 1 degree Celsius.

Food Calories are

kilocalories, equal to 1,000

calories.

Ecosystem’s energy budget is based on the

potential photosynthetic activity

Energy Production

Aquatic Ecosystems Terrestrial Ecosystems

Production is limited by:

•Light Intensity

•Water Temperature

•Inorganic Nutrients

Production is limited by:

•Precipitation

•Temperature

•Light Intensity

•Inorganic Nutrients

Aquatic ecosystems are the major producers on

Earth

Food Chains, Webs, &

PyramidsRepresent transfer of energy between organisms

Each link is a trophic level

Detritus food chains are most important

Chains Webs Pyramids

Simplest but least accurate

Shows interaction between multiple food chains

Number – How ManyBiomass – Number + SizeEnergy – Number + Size + Fecundity

Biomass = The total mass of all organisms in an

ecosystem

Biomass

The further removed a trophic level is from its

source, the less biomass it will contain

Average American eats more grain than people

in Third World countries

Herbivores make more efficient use of food

than carnivores