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Part 1. 21st Century Faith Formation John Roberto, LifelongFaith Associates

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We are living in a historical moment of transformations in religion, technology,

generations, culture & society.

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Key Studies

www.PewResearch.org www.FaithCommunitiesToday.org

The Faith Formation Ecosystem: Yesterday

A Culture of Catholic Faith

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We Are More Diverse

5 Generations

iGeneration (2000 -‐ )

Millennials (1980-‐99)

Generation X (1961-‐79)

Baby Boomers (1946-‐60)

Builders (pre 1946)

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Generational Change

Ø  If only the youngest cohort in society changes (and then persists in that new direction throughout their own life cycle), society as whole changes inexorably but almost imperceptibly, like a massive supertanker changing course.

Generational Change

Ø  If the differences between one generation and the next are small, then generationally based social change will be real (and significant) but very slow. If for some reason a younger generation deviates substantially from its predecessors, then the aggregate social change may be quick—significant over a few decades.

Ø  Significant Generational Change began in the early 1990s among the younger generations and is influencing society and the older generations.

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The 1950s Family

Family Diversity

The 1950s Family The 2010s Family

Family Diversity

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A Family

Not a Family

Married Coupled with Children 99 1

Married Couple without Children 88 10

Single Parent with Children 86 12

Unmarried Couple with Children 80 18

Same-‐Sex Couple with Children 63 34

Same-‐Sex Couple without Children 45 52

Unmarried Coupled without Children 43 54

Pew Research, 2011

Family Diversity

Changing Views of Family

Ø  Fully eight-‐in-‐ten adults younger than 30 say a same-‐sex couple with children is a family, more than double the proportion of those 65 and older who share this view (80% vs. 37%).

Ø  Among those ages 30 to 49, two-‐thirds (67%) see a same-‐sex couple with children as a family, compared with 58% of all 50-‐ to 64-‐year-‐olds.

(Pew Research, 2011)

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Ø  20% of Americans claim no religious affiliation

Ø  32% of 18-‐29 year olds

Ø  18% of 18-‐39 year olds say that are “spiritual, but not religious”

Changing Religiosity

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Ø  According to Pew Research, Americans do not generally become more affiliated as they move through the life cycle from young adulthood through marriage, parenting, middle age and retirement.


Ø  With few exceptions the unaffiliated say they are not looking for a religion that would be right for them. Overwhelmingly, they think that religious organizations are too concerned with money and power, too focused on rules and too involved in politics.

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The number of religiously unaffiliated is growing . . . .

Ø  because of Americans who rarely go to services are more willing than in the past to drop their religious attachments altogether.

Ø  because of generational replacement, the gradual supplanting of older generations by newer ones.

Vibrant Faith & Active

Engagement in the

Community

Minimal Engagement

with Faith and the

Community

Spiritual but Not Religious

Not Religiously Affiliated


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Youth (teens) Abiders Adapters Assenters Avoiders Atheists 20% 20% 31% 24% 5%

Emerging Adults (20s)

Commi�ed Selected Spiritually Religiously Religiously Irreligious Tradi�onalists Adherents Open Indifferent Disconnected

15% 30% 15% 25% 5% 10%

Adolescent Religiosity 1.  Abiders: highest levels of religiosity and practice: believe in

God, pray regularly, engage in personal religious practice, attend services, serve others, think about the meaning of life; most likely to say their religion is the only true faith

2.  Adapters: high levels of personal religiosity + accepting of other people’s faiths + attend religious services more sporadically

3.  Assenters: believe in God and feel somewhat close to God, but they are minimally engaged with their faith and practice only occasionally. Religion is tangential to other aspects of their lives.

4.  Avoiders: believe in God but have low levels of religious practice; God is distant, impersonal; and often don’t name a religious affiliation.

5.  Atheists: don’t believe in God and don’t attend services.

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Emerging Adults Religiosity

1.  Committed Traditionalists: strong religious faith; articulate beliefs; active practice; commitment to faith is a significant part of their identities and moral reasoning, at least somewhat regularly involved in some religious group

2.  Selected Adherents: believe and perform certain aspects of their religious traditions but neglect and ignore others; more discriminating about what they are willing to adopt of their religious tradition’s beliefs and practices

3.  Spiritually Open: not very committed to a religious faith but are nonetheless receptive to and at least mildly interested in some spiritual or religious matters.

Emerging Adults Religiosity

4.  Religiously Indifferent: neither care to practice religion nor oppose it; simply not invested in religion either way; too distracted with and invested in other things in life and unconcerned with matters of faith to pay any real attention to religion.

5.  Religiously Disconnected: have little to no exposure or connection to religious people, ideas, or organizations; neither interested in nor opposed to religion; faith simply has not been a part of their lives in any significant way.

6.  Irreligious: hold skeptical attitudes about and make critical arguments against religion generally, rejecting the idea of personal faith

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Changing Participation Patterns

¨  Declining Mass attendance

¨  Declining participation in the sacraments of Marriage and Baptism

¨  Declining levels of family religious socialization and faith practices


Trends in the Catholic Church 2001-‐2010 (Using figures from the Official Catholic Directory)

1.  Catholic population + 3 million (68.5 total) 2.  Parishes -‐ 2,500 3.  Marriages -‐ 70,000 (168,400 total) 4.  Infant Baptisms -‐ 150,000 (857,410 total) 5.  Adult Baptisms -‐ 43,000 (119,00 total) 6.  First Communions -‐ 71,000 (822,000 total) 7.  Confirmations -‐ 7,000 (622,000 total) 8.  Children (parish) -‐ 400,000 (3.1 million) 9.  Teens (parish) -‐ 78,000 (689,552) 10.  Catholic grade school -‐ 500,000 (1.5 million) 11.  Catholic HS students -‐ 70,000 (611,723)

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¨  The number of marriages celebrated in the Church has fallen from 415,487 in 1972 to 168,400 in 2010 — a decrease of nearly 60 percent — while the U.S. Catholic population has increased by almost 17 million.

¨  To put this another way, this is a shift from 8.6 marriages per 1,000 U.S. Catholics in 1972 to 2.6 marriages per 1,000 Catholics in 2010.

(CARA, 2011)


Fewer Marriages & Later in Life

Fewer Baptisms

Fewer Young

Families

Lower Sunday Worship

Fewer First Communions

Fewer Confirmations

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Interpreting the Religious & Spiritual Needs of People

Vibrant Faith & Active

Engagement in the

Community

Minimal Engagement

with Faith and the

Community

Spiritual but Not Religious

Not Religiously Affiliated

Religious & Spiritual Needs

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Scenario 4 Uncommitted

& Participating

Scenario 1 Vibrant Faith

& Active Engagement

Scenario 3 Unaffiliated & Uninterested

Scenario 2 Spiritual but Not Religious

Four Faith Formation Scenarios

Scenario #1

¤  People are actively engaged in a Christian church, are spiritually committed, and growing in their faith.

¤  People have found their spiritual home within an established Christian tradition and a local faith community that provides ways for all ages and generations to grow in faith, worship God, and live their faith in the world.

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Scenario #4 ¤  People attend church activities occasionally, but are

not actively engaged or spiritually committed. ¤  They may participate in significant seasonal

celebrations and celebrate sacraments and milestones (marriage, baptism). Some may even send their children to religious education classes.

¤  Spiritual commitment is low and the connection to the church is more social and utilitarian than spiritual.

¤  While receptive to an established church, their occasional engagement in church life does not lead them toward spiritual commitment, and their spiritual commitment does not lead them to engagement.

Scenario #2

¤  People are spiritually hungry and searching for God and the spiritual life, but most likely are not affiliated with organized religion and an established Christian tradition.

¤  Some may join a nondenominational Christian church focused on their spiritual needs, while others may find an outlet for their spiritual hunger in small communities of like-‐minded spiritual seekers, in local or global acts of service, or in online spiritual resources and communities.

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Scenario #3

¤  A world in which people experience little need for God and the spiritual life and are not affiliated with organized religion and established Christian churches.

Thinking 4-‐Scenario Faith Formation

Scenario #4

Scenario #1

Scenario #3

Scenario #2

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We Are Connected & Networked

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Once there was. . . .

Now there is . . .

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Now there is . . .

Now there is . . .

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0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

June 2000

April 2001

March 2002

March 2003

April 2004

March 2005

March 2006

March 2007

April 2008

April 2009

May 2010

May 2011

August 2011

Jan 2012

Increase in Home Broadband Home broadband

66%

Increase in Internet Users – 80%

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Increase in Social Networking – 52% of Adults

9%

49%

67%

76%

86% 83% 85%

7% 8%

25%

48%

61% 70% 71%

6% 4% 11%

25%

47% 51% 52%

1% 7%

13%

26% 33% 35%

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

18-‐29 30-‐49 50-‐64 65+

% of internet users

67 million iPads sold since 2010 when it was introduced.

Increase in Tablets

Prediction: 665 million tablets by 2016

2012: 120 million tablets – a 100% increase over 2011.

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The Triple Revolution

1.  Social Network Revolution

2.  Internet Revolution 3.  Mobile Revolution

It is a network of both relationships and

information & knowledge.

A Connected & Networked World

A Connected, Networked World

EMBEDDED

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EMBEDDED SOCIAL NETWORKS

The Social Network, Internet, and Mobile Revolutions are coming together to shift people’s social lives away from densely knit family, neighborhood, and group relationships toward more far-‐flung, less tight, more diverse personal networks.


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The three revolutions have made possible the new social operating system – Networked Individualism.

The hallmark of networked individualism is that people function more as connected individuals and

less as embedded group members.

Networked Individualism


Individual

Family & Friends

Educa�on

Life Stage

Work Sports & Ac�vi�es

Interests

Shared Experiences

Networked Individuals

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Information is Woven Into Our Lives

Mobile is the needle, Social Networks are the thread

Social Networks… Surround us with informa�on through our many connec�ons

Bring us informa�on from mul�ple, varied sources

Provide instant feedback, meaning and context

Allow us to shape and create informa�on ourselves and amplify othersʼ’ messages

Mobile… Moves informa�on with us

Makes informa�on accessible ANYTIME and ANYWHERE

Puts informa�on at our finger�ps

Magnifies the demand for �mely informa�on

Makes informa�on loca�on-‐sensi�ve

A New Social Operating System

Networked Individualism Ø  This stands in contrast to the longstanding

social arrangements formed around large hierarchical bureaucracies and small, densely knit groups such as households, communities, and workgroups.

Ø  It is an operating system because it describes the ways in which people connect, communicate, and exchange information.

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Groups to Networks

Group-‐Centered Society

1.  Contact within and between groups

2.  Group contact 3.  Neighborhood

community 4.  Local �es 5.  Bowling leagues 6.  Homogeneous �es 7.  Somewhat involuntary

kin and neighborhood �es

Networked individualism

1.  Contact between individuals

2.  One-‐to-‐one contact 3.  Mul�ple communi�es 4.  Local and distant �es 5.  Shi�ing networks of

friends who bowl 6.  Diversified �es 7.  Voluntary friendship

�es

Groups to Networks

Group-‐Centered Society

8.  Strong social control 9.  Broad spectrum of

social capital within group

10.  Tight boundaries with other groups

11.  Organized recrea�on groups

12.  Public spaces 13.  Bulle�n boards 14.  Focused work unit


8.  Weak social control / shi� to another network

9.  Diversified search for specialized social capital

10.  Permeable boundaries with other networks

11.  Shi�ing networks of recrea�onal friends

12.  Private spaces and online 13.  Facebook, Twi�ers 14.  Networked organized

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The Leadership Challenge

We are living in a historical moment of transformations in religion, technology,

generations, culture & society.

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The changing world is putting tremendous pressure on the effectiveness of older models

of faith formation.

The changing world is putting tremendous pressure on the effectiveness of the current models of

adult faith formation.

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New Faith Formation Ecosystem

Parish

Home

Ethnic Culture

Catholic School

Yesterday: Culture Today: Network

Parish

Home

Community Online/Virtual

Social Networks

Distinguishing Technical Problems from Adaptive Challenges

¨  Technical problems (even though they may be complex) can be solved with knowledge and procedures already in hand.

¨  Easy to identify. ¨  Require change in just one or a few places; often

contained within organizational boundaries ¨  Everyday, people have problems for which they

do, in fact, have the necessary know-‐how and procedures—technical problems.

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Adaptive Change

¨  People don’t resist change per se. ¨  People love change when they know it’s a good thing. (No

one gives back a winning lottery ticket.) ¨  People resist loss. When change involves real or potential

loss, people hold on to what they have and resist the change.

¨  The common factor generating adaptive failure is resistance to loss. A key to leadership , then, is the diagnostic capacity to find out the kinds of losses at stake in a situation.

¨  Adaptive leadership leadership almost always put you in the business of assessing, managing, distributing, and providing contexts for losses that move people through these losses to a new place.

You May Be Facing an Adaptive Challenge if. . . Ø  the solution requires operating in a different way than

you do now. . . Ø  the problem AND the solution require learning. . . Ø  the solution requires shifting the authority and

responsibility to the people who are actually affected. . .

Ø  the solution requires some sacrifice of your past ways of working or living. . .

Ø  the solution requires experimenting before you’re sure of the answer. . .

Ø  the solution will take a long time. . . Ø  the challenge connects to people’s deeply held

values. . .

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Leadership is the activity of

mobilizing people to tackle tough challenges (problems) and do the

adaptive work necessary to achieve progress and thrive.

(Ronald Heifetz and Marty Linsky)

Adaptive leadership is specifically about change than enables the capacity to thrive. New environments and new dreams demand new strategies and abilities, as well as the leadership to

mobilize them.

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