To discuss genetic disorders

14.1 and 14.2 notes

Karyotype- picture of chromosomes arranged in pairs

Autosomes- all chromosomes that are not sex chromosomes

Sex chromosomes- the chromosome that determine sex, X and Y

Pedigree- shows relationships within a family and how traits are passed

often you can get the genotype of the individuals

helpful in determining if a trait can be passed on in the future

sex linked genes- genes located on the X and sometimes the Y (since it is smaller)

colorblindness- males have just one X so if mom is a carrier for colorblindness there is a high chance her son will be colorblind

baldness is another examplehemophilia is another example (much

more likely that a male will have hemophilia than a female)

nondisjunction- when chromosomes don’t separate properly when forming gametesresults in trisomy 21

down syndromealso, can cause sex disorders

Turner’s syndromeA female with only one “X” Unable to reproduce or go through puberty

Klinefelter’s – XXY or XXXY or XXXXY Usually unable to reproduce

Can also have XXX--- tall and low IQ

Can also have XYY---- tall and acne and maybe more aggressive Prison study

No known case of human born without an X