TNA Translate

8/19/2019 TNA Translate

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Halaman 1

Sebuah panduan langkah-demi-langkah untuk negara-negara melakukan

Teknologi Penilaian Kebutuhan

1

1James Haselip, Rasa Narkevičiūtė dan Jorge Rogat.Versi ini telah diselesaikan pada10 September 01!.

Halaman 2

Isi

Acronyms....................................................................................................................

................................. 3

1.

Pengantar: emahami prosesT!A ............................................ ........................................ "

1.1. Asal-

usul TNAs...........................................................................................................................4

1.2.tujuan

dan deliverables..............................................................................................................5

1.3.diantisipasi outcomes...................................................................................................

....................6 #.

enyiapkan dan mempersiapkan Proses

T!A .......................................... .......................................... $

2.1.Struktur r!anisasi untuk proses

TNA ............................................ ......................................... "

"N#nasional "eam......................................................................................................................$

.1.1.%omite &engarah

Nasional .............................................. ............................................... 1.1..

'engidenti(ikasi dan melibatkan para pemangk) kepentingan *angrelevan ............................................. ........................... 1+

.1.+.

3.

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Identi%ikasi dan Prioritas

Technologies ............................................. .................................. 13

3.1.#ambaran dari proses identi$ikasi dan memprioritaskan teknolo!i

iklim ................................ 14konteks

kep)t)san ........................................................................................................................1!

+.1.1.mengidenti(ikasi options...............................................................................................

......................1!+.1..

mengidenti(ikasikriteria .....................................................................................................................1

+.1.+.s-oring .......................................................................................................................................1

+.1./. pembobotan .................................................................................................................

.................1$+.1.!.

Hasil danSensitivitas anal*sis..................................................................................................1

+.1..3.2.

%eportin!........................................................................................................................................22

3.3. &ukun!an dan 'imbin!an untuk prioritas

teknolo!i ........................................... ..................... 22".

Analisis hambatan dan engakti%kan &rame'ork

()A*&+ .......................................... .................................... #"

4.1. (elakukan

pen!)alan! anal*sis......................................................................................................24

4.2. Analisis )ambatan conto) dari

(oldova ............................................. ............................................ 254.3.

(en!identi$ikasi lan!ka)-lan!ka) untuk menciptakan keran!ka kerja *an!memun!kinkan untuk teknolo!i iklim ......................... 2+

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#pa it)'engakti(kan rameork2...........................................................................................

...$/.+.1.

'engidenti(ikasi langkah3langkahkh)s)s ....................................................................................................$

/.+..4ang mengidenti(ikasi langkah3langkah dan

bagaimana2 ........................................... ......................................... +0/.+.+.

5ontoh dari'oldova .............................................................................................................+1

/.+./.4.4.

,elaporan untuk analisis )ambatan dan memun!kinkankeran!ka .......................................... ................ 32

4.5. ,elati)an dan in$ormasi lebi)lanjut ......................................................................................................32,.

Teknologi encana

Aksi (TAP+...........................................................................................................33

$.

enghubungkan T!A untuk

lainnya processes....................................................................................................33

e%erences...................................................................................................................

...............................3,

halaman 3

+Akronim

6##nalisis penghalang

6#7#nalisis hambatan dan %erangka 'engakti(kan

5H&8ab)ngan panas dan kek)asaan

67RS#'#

%arbon dioksida&9:;S;

%on(erensi &ara &ihak 5"5N

;klim "e-hnolog* 5entre dan Jaringan5V

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')ni-ipal Solid >aste

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=N7&=nited Nations 7nvironment &rogramme

=N555%onvensi %erangka %er?a &66 )nt)k &er)bahan ;klim

halaman 4

/1. Pendahuluan: emahami proses T!A

")?)an dari dok)men ini adalah )nt)k merangk)m berbagai langkah dalam pelaksanaan "N#, mela*ani sebagai @pergi3)nt)k@ dok)men )nt)k koordinator

nasionaldan kons)ltan. Hal ini ?)ga men)n?)k pada berbagai bahan *ang tersedia )nt)k

lebihmembimbing dan mend)k)ng mana?emen pro*ek dan metodologi. =nt)k ini bar)

"N# "ahap ;;A01!301BC, kita meren)ngkan pengalaman dari + negara di "N# "ahap ;A010301+C dan menaarkan -ontoh st)di kas)s negara )nt)k membant)

menggambarkan bagaimana pro*ek dapat diat)r dan dilaksanakan. :ink ke elektronik A.pd(C versi lengkap dari

dok)men pedoman disediakan dalam -atatan pand)an ini dan dapat didonloaddari

sit)s pro*ek "N# www.tech-action.org baah @&)bli-ations@.

1.1. Asal-usul T!As

&roses "N# berasal dari &rogram &oDnan Strategis "eknologi

'entrans(er didirikan pada %on(erensi keempatbelas &ara &ihak A59& 1/C ke%onvensi %erangka %er?a &66 tentang &er)bahan ;klim A=N555C, dengant)?)an )nt)k

meningkatkan investasi dalam trans(er teknologi sehingga mem)ngkinkan negara3negara berkembang )nt)k

memen)hi keb)t)han mereka )nt)k teknologi ramah lingk)ngan.Seb)ah "N# dapat dide(inisikan sebagai sat) set, kegiatan partisipati( negara3

didorong mengarah keidenti(ikasi, seleksi dan pelaksanaan teknologi ramah lingk)ngan )nt)k

men)r)nkan 59

emissi o ns AmitigasiC dan E ata) )nt)k meng)rangi kerentanan terhadap iklim per)bahan AadaptasiC.

Sebagai proses berbasis negara tidak har)s dilak)kan di

isolasi melainkan terintegrasi dengan proses *ang sedang berlangs)ng ser)palainn*a *ang bert)?)an )nt)k mend)k)ng

pembang)nan berkelan?)tan nasional.

S)bash


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halaman 5

!"he "N#s ?)ga mer)pakan proses partisipati( dan dengan demikian sangat penting

)nt)k melibatkan sem)a *ang relevan

stakeholder, dengan as)msi baha teknologi tertent) lebih m)ngkin )nt)k men?adidipahami, diterima, did)k)ng dan dilaksanakan di sem)a tingkat *ang relevan,*ait) dari

departemen pemerintah melal)i petani ata) r)mah tangga, ?ika sem)a pemangk)kepentingan

*ang terlibat di sel)r)h "N#. Nam)n, penting )nt)k memahami baha pemangk) kepentingan berbeda di alam Akarena mereka meakili kelompokkepentingan *ang berbedaC

dan karena it) har)s menempati peran *ang berbeda, pada saat3saat *ang berbeda,dalam proses "N#F

mengidenti(ikasi mereka pada tahap aal adalah k)n-i )nt)k keterlibatan s)ksesdan keterlibatan.

=nt)k pand)an rin-i tentang proses identi(ikasi pemangk) kepentingan danketerlibatan melihat

;denti(ikasi dan %eterlibatan &emangk) %epentingan dalam &roses "N#G Seb)ah pand)an )nt)k

"N# "im Nasional AJ)ni 01!C. Hal ini dapat didonload dari sit)s pro*ek "N#.te-h3a-tion.org bawah 'Publications'.

1.#. Tuuan dan kiriman

&roses "N# memiliki tiga t)?)an )tamaG

1C =nt)k mengidenti(ikasi dan memprioritaskan teknologi mitigasi E adaptasi )nt)k dipilih

sektor E s)b3sektor C =nt)k mengidenti(ikasi, menganalisis dan hambatan alamat menghambat

pen*ebaran dandi()si teknologi diprioritaskan termas)k mem)ngkinkan kerangka )nt)k

teknologi mengatakan+C =nt)k mengartik)lasikan, berdasarkan mas)kan *ang diperoleh dari d)a

langkah sebel)mn*a,

Ren-ana #ksi teknologi A"#&C dengan men*arankan langkah3langkah E tindakan*ang disa?ikan dalamhal ide pro*ek

=nt)k setiap langkah, bimbingan dan metodologi telah dikembangkan dandiringkas dalam b)k) -atatan ini di bagian +, / dan !. tiga t)?)an *ang padagilirann*a

diter?emahkan ke dalam tiga o)tp)t beton *ait)G 1C laporan "N#F C 6arrier

halaman 6

#nalisis dan %erangka 'engakti(kan A6#7C laporan danF +C laporan "#&,termas)k

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ide pro*ek dengan bia*a mereka dan skema pendanaan potensial. "emplate )nt)kdig)nakan oleh

negara3negara )nt)k setiap laporan telah dikembangkan oleh =N7&


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"antangan adalah )nt)k mengintegrasikan proses "N# ke dalam str)kt)r nasional*ang ada dan

?aringan, *ang tim "N# berada di posisi terbaik )nt)k melak)kann*a.")gas pertama dari tim "N# adalah )nt)k menyetuui mitigasi diprioritaskan

dansektor adaptasi *ang proses "N# akan (ok)s pada, kons)ltasi dengan relevan

stakeholder mana *ang ses)ai.


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Seb)ah ren-ana tentang bagaimana para pemangk) kepentingan akan terlibatselama proses berlangs)ng

Seb)ah kelompok aal stakeholder k)n-iRingkasan dari tahap persiapan k)n-i dit)n?)kkan pada tabel di baah ini.

tahap persiapanTanggung a'ab

)imbingan tambahan

struktur kelembagaan

"N# %oordinator, penandatanganan%ementerian

5atatan pen?elasan )nt)k 'engorganisir Nasional

&roses "N#prioritas sektor

"im "N#%oordinator negara =


10/35

(Ahli+

Koordinator T!A

Ahli 2 Academia

)isnis

asyarakat sipilll ...

4ingkungan 5idup

Pertanian

Kementerian

*nergi

Pengarah nasional

Komite

stakeholder

i negara

lobal6!*P 0 6P

Pusat egional

Tim T!A !asional

&asilitator tim

analitis Input

sumber

Tutup Kerasama

output

halaman 10

10 Koordinator TNA nasional

.1.1.1.%oordinator Nasional dit)n?)k oleh kontraktor *ang

entitas Akementerian ata) lembaga negara *ang bertangg)ng ?aab atas "N#C.6iasan*a koordinator adalah pegaai negeri *ang dipeker?akan oleh

tert)lar lembaga, idealn*a dengan ilmiah ata) reka*asalatar belakang, akrab dengan is)3is) *ang lebih l)as dari iklim

per)bahan dan peran teknologi dalam mitigasi dan adaptasi per)bahan iklim. ")gas mereka adalah )nt)k memberikan hari3hari

kepemimpinan dan visi )nt)k proses "N#, bertangg)ng ?aab atas kesel)r)hanmana?emen

"N#. 'ereka bertangg)ng ?aab )nt)k mem(asilitasi sem)a t)gas *ang relevan,dan memastikan

kom)nikasi di antara anggota %omite "N# nasional, %ons)ltan Nasionaldan kelompok pemangk) kepentingan. %oordinator Nasional ?)ga mer)pakan titik

kontak resmi )nt)k negara, berkom)nikasi kema?)an dan E ata) setiap pertan*aan langs)ng dengan

Negara *ang%oordinator di =


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berkom)nikasi langs)ng dengan =


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%ons)ltan, disea )nt)k melak)kan s)bstanti( kegiatan analisis *ang mengin(ormasikan proses E "#& "N#. #da berbagai -ara

)nt)k men*eaahli nasional sebagai kons)ltan, meskip)n pengalaman men)n?)kkan baha d)a

kons)ltan )tama,*ang bertangg)ng ?aab )nt)k mitigasi dan sat) )nt)k adaptasi, men-iptakan garis

*ang ?elas daritangg)ng ?aab dan kom)nikasi dengan %oordinator Nasional. lainn*a nasional

ahli dapat disea kem)dian dalam proses )nt)k memberikan mas)kan analitistertent), seperti dan

bila diperl)kan. &ara kons)ltan nasional memimpin har)s dipilih oleh "N# Nasional

koordinator dalam kons)ltasi dengan =


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)nt)k peran akti( para pemangk) kepentingan di "N#&roses dan har)s didasari oleh National

%omite "N#. 'ereka dapat diat)r di ked)asektor3tertent) ata) se-ara teknologi, dengan -ara *ang mas)k akal )nt)k

keb)t)han lokal dankondisi. %omposisi khas dari kelompok ker?a sektoral termas)k

perakilan dari departemen pemerintah *ang memiliki tangg)ng ?aab )nt)kkebi?akan

(orm)lasi dan E ata) perat)ranF perakilan ind)stri sektor sasta dan p)blikFdelegasi dari )tilitas listrik dan reg)latorF perakilan dari teknologi

pemasok, pengg)na ke)angan, teknologi end Amisaln*a, r)mah tangga, )saha ke-il, petaniC

dan ahli teknologi Amisaln*a, dari )niversitas, kons)ltan, dllC. ini beker?akelompok har)s berkontrib)si dengan keahlian teknis dan mas)kan )nt)k

teknologi prioritas, analisis penghalang dan ide3ide E mas)kan )nt)k kerangkamem)ngkinkan )nt)k

teknologi dan E ata) sektor tertent) Alihat bagian /C. Komite Pengarah Nasional

.1..%omite &engarah Nasional har)s terdiri dari

anggota dari sel)r)h kementerian terkait *ang bertangg)ng ?aab )nt)k kebi?akan pemb)atan, ditambah pemangk) kepentingan )tama dari sektor sasta. 'erekaPengarah nasional

Komite

Sektoral 0 Teknologi

rup kera

halaman 13

1+ berperan )nt)k memberikan bimbingan tingkat tinggi )nt)k tim "N# nasional dan

membant) mengamankan penerimaan politik )nt)k "#&. %arena it), memba*angkan baha &engarah

Nasional%omite han*a memen)hi ata) + kali, sekali tim "N# didirikan dan prioritas

sektor dikenal, dan men?elang akhir proses, setelah "#& telahdiselesaikan. Nam)n, seperti *ang akan sem)a aspek dari proses "N#, komposisi

*ang tepat, perandan tangg)ng ?aab komite pengarah har)s men-erminkan str)kt)r *ang ada dan

mas)k akal dalam setiap konteks nasional.leksibilitas adalah k)n-i, dan m)ngkinada t)mpang tindih

antara ini dan komite "N# nasional, *ang bahkan m)ngkin anggap ini lebih tinggitingkat

%omite men?adi berlebihan. Mengidentifikasi dan melibatkan para pemangku kepentingan yang relevan


14/35

.1.+.;ni adalah aspek ()ndamental dari proses "N#, dan

akt) dan )saha har)s dilak)kan oleh National%oordinator dan %omite "N# Nasional )nt)k memastikan baha

proses "N# adalah proses *ang benar3benar pemangk) kepentingan3driven.Sem)aorang *ang memiliki minat

di, ata) dipengar)hi oleh proses "N# ata) dengan hasiln*a, har)s dianggapsebagai relevan

pemangk) kepentingan.%arena it), kami telah men*iapkan dok)men pedomankh)s)s tentang -ara terbaik

mengidenti(ikasi dan melibatkan pemangk) kepentingan terkait, ber?)d)l Identifikasi dan Keterlibatan

&emangk) kepentingan dalam &roses "N#G Seb)ah &and)an )nt)k National "N#

"im . TNA nasional

tim dian?)rkan )nt)k memba-a dok)men ini dan mengik)ti direkomendasikan&rosed)r.3. Identi%ikasi dan Prioritas Technologies

&rioritas teknologi, dalam sektor3sektor prioritas *ang dipilih, adalah *ang pertama:angkah analisis dalam proses "N#. %esimp)lan dari langkah ini har)s dilaporkan

dalam pertama dari tiga kiriman, Adiseb)t sebagai @laporan "N#@C, sebagaimana ter-ant)m

dalam 'o=.Sem)a anggota "im "N# Nasional har)s terlibat dalam langkah ini, di baah

arah %oordinator "N# beker?a sama dengan kons)ltan nasional, *angakan memiliki pemahaman *ang k)at tentang bagaimana )nt)k melak)kan #nalisis')lti3%riteria A'5#C.Seperti sem)astakeholder

halaman 14

1/

langkah3langkah dalam proses "N#, inp)t har)s di-ari dari pemangk) kepentinganterkait.

Ringkasan mas)kan, peran dan tangg)ng ?aab )nt)k prioritas teknologi *ang

dit)n?)kkan pada tabel di baahGpengambilan keputusan

%omite "N# nasional E tim, %oordinator "N#ukungan teknis

%ons)ltan nasionalIn%ormasi7 konsultasi relevan, dide(inisikan dengan baik, kelompok stakeholder Alat utama 0 metodologi

')lti3%riteria #nalisis A'5#Ckegiatan yang terlibat

%ons)ltasi, peng)mp)lan data, analisis, pelaporan

3.1. ambaran dari proses identi%ikasi dan memprioritaskan teknologi iklim

https://translate.google.com/translate?hl=id&prev=_t&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://www.tech-action.org/-/media/Sites/TNA_project/Identification%2520and%2520Engagement%2520of%2520Stakeholders%2520in%2520the%2520TNA%2520Process%2520%2520A%2520Gui.ashx%3Fla%3Ddahttps://translate.google.com/translate?hl=id&prev=_t&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://www.tech-action.org/-/media/Sites/TNA_project/Identification%2520and%2520Engagement%2520of%2520Stakeholders%2520in%2520the%2520TNA%2520Process%2520%2520A%2520Gui.ashx%3Fla%3Ddahttps://translate.google.com/translate?hl=id&prev=_t&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://www.tech-action.org/-/media/Sites/TNA_project/Identification%2520and%2520Engagement%2520of%2520Stakeholders%2520in%2520the%2520TNA%2520Process%2520%2520A%2520Gui.ashx%3Fla%3Ddahttps://translate.google.com/translate?hl=id&prev=_t&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://www.tech-action.org/-/media/Sites/TNA_project/Identification%2520and%2520Engagement%2520of%2520Stakeholders%2520in%2520the%2520TNA%2520Process%2520%2520A%2520Gui.ashx%3Fla%3Ddahttps://translate.google.com/translate?hl=id&prev=_t&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://www.tech-action.org/-/media/Sites/TNA_project/Identification%2520and%2520Engagement%2520of%2520Stakeholders%2520in%2520the%2520TNA%2520Process%2520%2520A%2520Gui.ashx%3Fla%3Ddahttps://translate.google.com/translate?hl=id&prev=_t&sl=en&tl=id&u=http://www.tech-action.org/-/media/Sites/TNA_project/Identification%2520and%2520Engagement%2520of%2520Stakeholders%2520in%2520the%2520TNA%2520Process%2520%2520A%2520Gui.ashx%3Fla%3Dda


15/35

&roses )nt)k mengidenti(ikasi dan memprioritaskan teknologi disa?ikan dalamg)idenote ini

mengik)ti pendekatan )nt)k melak)kan #nalisis ')lti3%riteria di?elaskan dalam


16/35

+.1..Pihak yang terlibat: kons)ltan Nasional dan Sektoral

8r)p ker?aAkti8itas: =nt)k melak)kan revie *ang ada

dok)men peren-anaan A&ast "N#, N#, Ren-ana 7nergi, Nasional

kom)nikasi,dllC,

mempersiapkana-tsheet teknologi dan in(ormasi lainn*a )nt)k

halaman 16

1mas)kan ke dalam template '5#. S)mber in(ormasi *ang relevan termas)k Iklim

"e-hiki dan b)k) pand)an *ang diterbitkan oleh =N7&


17/35

men*arankan kriteria *ang men-erminkan prioritas pembang)nan negara, danmengat)r validasi

lokakar*a dengan para pemangk) kepentingan. %riteria dapat diat)r ke dalam s)bkriteria dan

diat)r dalam tingkat *ang berbeda )nt)k membant) dalam mengh)b)ngkan ke prioritas pembang)nan, *ang

halaman 17

1B pemba-a dapat mer)?)k pada pand)an adaptasi -atatan A=


18/35

1scoring

+.1./.&ilihan teknologi *ang dieval)asi berdasarkan pada

kriteria *ang dipilih. &ertama, matriks kiner?a adalahdibang)n, di mana skala eval)asi dapat

berbeda )nt)k setiap kriteria. 'isaln*a, bia*a modalm)ngkin mas)kan langs)ng dalam sat)an moneter, gas r)mah ka-a

peng)rangan ton 59

, %riteria k)alitati( dapatdieval)asi pada skala :ikert Aata) ser)paC.


19/35

t59

e, ini adalah normal seh)b)ngan dengan *ang terbaik dan terb)r)k pilihan per(ormingG

/003100!!03100

K 0.B.

halaman 19

1$)iaya (6S 9+

K Pengurangan (ton /

#

e+

teknologi #+++

teknologi 6100

0teknologi 5

++B

teknologi <

0100&en?elasan lebih lengkap tentang kiner?a matriks dan s-oring bersama dengan

5ontoh dari salah sat) negara dari "N# tahap ; disa?ikan dalam mitigasi pand)an -atatan A=


20/35

keg)naan dari setiap pilihan teknologi m)ngkin tidak sama penting )nt)k kep)t)san, ata) )nt)k pen-apaian

t)?)an kesel)r)han. 9leh karena it), bobot *ang diberikan kepada masing3masingkriteria har)s men-erminkan kepentingan relati( mereka dalam

halaman 20

0 pilihan pilihan teknologi. #dalah bia*a *ang lebih penting daripada peng)rangan

gas r)mah ka-a saatmemilih teknologi di sektor energi2 Jika demikian, seberapa ban*ak2 #dalah

peng)rangan kerentanandilihat sebagai kriteria penting )nt)k tindakan adaptasi di sektor pertanian, ban*ak

lebih dari *ang lain2 :angkah ini bert)?)an )nt)k menetapkan nilai3nilai k)antitati( )nt)k relati(

pentingn*a kriteria. #da berbagai -ara )nt)k menetapkan bobot, baik partisipati( dan statistik. Nam)n, dalam konteks proses "N#, adalah penting baha

bobot men-erminkan pandangan dan prioritas pemangk) kepentingan *ang berarti

baha bobot *ang terbaik ditent)kan dengan metode partisipati(.5ara paling m)dah ini )nt)k melak)kan ini

adalah melal)i prosesalokasi anggaran, dimana ?)mlah kriteria dapat dilihat sebagai k)e Adengan

total nilai 100C, dibagi men?adi irisan dari berbagai )k)ran. Se?ak skordinormalisasi

)nt)k sem)a kriteria antara 0 sampai 100, bobot ?)ga har)s mempertimbangkan

bagaimana pert)n?)kana*)nan antara pilihan *ang paling dis)kai paling dis)kai dan. &emba-a dapatmer)?)k pada

'5# pet)n?)k )nt)k ini A


21/35

/utput:


22/35

bobot kriteria, ata) pada skor k)alitati( diberikan kepada teknologi tertent). &adakas)s ini

latihan ekstra )nt)k menghit)ng total skor dan memesan sat) pilihan har)sdilak)kan. Hasil kem)dian dapat dibandingkan dan ditindaklan?)ti ses)ai.

Pihak yang terlibat: kelompok sektoral ker?a, kons)ltan

halaman 22

Akti8itas: )nt)k menghit)ng skor kesel)r)han setiap opsi teknologi dan peringkatmereka

demikian. Jika ada perbedaan *ang signi(ikan antara tampilan pemangk)kepentingan maka

dian?)rkan )nt)k melak)kan analisis sensitivitas. #lat )tama *ang akan dig)nakandi sini adalah

"emplate '5#./utput: seb)ah da(tar dari teknologi )nt)k analisis lebih lan?)t3.#. Pelaporan

Seb)ah laporan *ang merin-i proses teknologi prioritas dan hasil3hasiln*a Adiseb)tsebagai

*ang @"N# laporan@C akan disampaikan oleh masing3masing negara. ;ni har)s berisirin-i

deskripsi tentang bagaimana prioritas *ang telah dilak)kan, )nt)k sektor dans)bsektor memb)t)hkan mitigasi dan adaptasi teknologi, dan *ang

metodologi telah dig)nakan )nt)k prioritas teknologi. =


23/35

Regional 5entre help desk and s)pport missions

halaman 23

+

"N# >ebsite A www.tech-action.org C

'5# 8)idebook Ap)blished b* the =% 8overnmentC '5# -al-)lation template and eamples

#daptation and mitigation3spe-i(i- g)ides to te-hnolog* prioritisation pro-ess "e-hnolog* g)idebooks

halaman 24

/". )arrier Analysis and *nabling &rame'ork ()A*&+

"his g)idebook has eplained, in the pre-eding se-tions, that it is important (or

-o)ntries to identi(* their -limate -hange te-hnolog* needs per se , o(ten )pdatingthese needs thro)gh a transparent and parti-ipator* pro-ess o( prioritisation.Hoever, eperien-e indi-ates that emphasis on providing detailed )nderstanding

o( the barriers (a-ing these te-hnologies in ea-h -o)ntr*, (olloed b* a -lear anal*sis

o( hat r)les, reg)lations and in-entives, is reL)ired to over-ome these barriers,

-olle-tivel* re(erred to as the @enabling (rameork@. "here(ore, the "N#s (o-)s on)nderstanding the vario)s barriers and -onstraints to the )ptake and di(()sion o( the

te-hnologies prioritised b* parti-ipating -o)ntries.

".1. onducting the barrier analysis"he ob?e-tive o( the barrier anal*sis is to anal*se the market -onditions (or ea-h o(the

sele-ted te-hnologies and to identi(* the barriers to their introd)-tion, )se anddi()si.


24/35

$acilitate these se-toral orking gro)ps, ie to present all relevant in(ormation (or dis-)ssion, str)-t)re the dis-)ssions and -lari(* and do-)ment the main

-on-l)sions.;n terms o( ritten anal*ti-al o)tp)ts, the barriers sho)ld be prioritised and

gro)pedinto relevant -ategories, (or eampleG e-onomi-, (inan-ial, instit)tional, legal,

te-hni-al,so-ial and -)lt)ral barriers.".#. * A;57 5H&C

#ppl*ing !0 tEha o( man)reith bedding to agri-)lt)ral

soils on-e per (ive *earsHeat S)ppl*G gasi(i-ation o(

m)ni-ipal solid aste (or ele-tri-it* heatE prod)-tion A83

'S>CVet-h (ield as green (ertiliDer

into ! *ear -rop rotationengangkut

H*brid ele-tri- vehi-les AH7VC.S76=#Hh*brid -ar -ombines an internal


25/35

-omb)stion engine ithte-hnologies )sed in ()ll ele-tri-

vehi-lesanusia

kesehatan&rovisional posts o( medi-al

emergen-* -are d)ring heatombak Pertanian

No till soil -)ltivation s*stem

ith preliminar* positivere-over* o( the post3arable la*er

and )se o( vet-h as intermediar*-rop (or green (ertiliDer

R)ral pop)lation s)ppl* ithdrinking ater o( g)aranteedk)alitas

'ini3"ill soil -)ltivation s*stemith preliminar* positive

re-over* o( the post3arable la*er and )se o( vet-h as intermediar*

-rop (or green (ertiliDer 5lassi- tillage, in-l)ding a vet-h

(ield Ato *ields per *ear 3a)t)mn and springC, as a Ogreen

(ertiliDer (ieldO into a !3(ields-rop rotation

irst o( all, it is important to have -lear and ell3de(ined te-hnologies. :ebihspe-i(i- and ell3de(ined the* are, the better the barrier anal*sis ill be. ;n the

(inalreport s)bmitted b* 'oldova, an average o( !,000 ords o( anal*sis Ain-l)ding

tablesCas dedi-ated to the barrier anal*sis and enabling (rameork (or eac) tec)nolo!* .

"his level o( detail is reL)ired in order to provide a meaning()l depth o( )nderstanding and insight o( the ke* -hallenges (a-ing spe-i(i- te-hnologies. 4ang

paling-ommon mistake that -o)ntries make at this stage is to o((er onl* a s)per(i-ial

anal*siso( the most obvio)s barriers s)-h as @high -apital -osts@ itho)t going deeper to

eplain hat ea-tl* are the -ost di((eren-es and h* does this o--)r. ;t is )se()l totake the eample o( ?)st one te-hnolog*, (or eample M-onservation s*stem o( soil

halaman 27

Btillage itho)t herbi-ides (or inter heatP. 6elo is the s)mmar* table o( the ke*


26/35

barriers there ere identi(ied via stakeholder -ons)ltation, and taken (orard (or ()rther anal*sis, (or that one spe-i(i- te-hnolog*Gategory o% barrier

onser8ation system o% soil tillage 'ithout herbicides %or 'inter 'heat

*conomic andkeuangan

High =p3(ront investment;nadeL)ate a--ess to (inan-ial reso)r-es

;nappropriate (inan-ial in-entives and disin-entivesHigh interest rates

Small (arm siDeKelembagaan

kapasitas

:imited instit)tional -apa-it*

=aringan'ain stakeholders sho la-k o( illingness to -ooperate>eak -onne-tivit* beteen a-tors (avo)ring the ne te-hnolog*Pasar

&oor market in(rastr)-t)rePolicy7 legal and

peraturan

;nadeL)ate so)r-es o( in-reasing ret)rns;ns)((i-ient legal and reg)lator* en(or-ement

&oli-* intermitten-* and )n-ertaint*Social7 cultural and

perilaku

:o -on(iden-e in ne -limate te-hnologies among (armersIn%ormational

in(ormasi *ang tidak memadai

"aking the eample ()rther, (o-)sing don on one parti-)lar -ategor* o( barriers,the

tet bo belo s)mmarises the anal*sis o( the ke* e-onomi- and (inan-ial barriersto

the )ptake o( -onservation s*stems o( soil tillage itho)t herbi-ides (or interheat

in 'oldova. "he detailed anal*sis -an be pla-ed in an anne b)t is reL)ired inorder to

eplain and ?)sti(* the s)mmar* list o( barriers, ie that the* haven@t been -hosenarbitraril*. Hoever, the s)mmar* tables or lists o( barriers are ne-essar* in order

to present these in s-hemati- (ormat, hi-h helps to link them to other barriers to

b)ild)p a pi-t)re o( ho the* intera-t and hat meas)res -an be designed to over-ome

mereka.


27/35

halaman 28

".3. Identi%ying measures to create an enabling %rame'ork %or climateteknologi

5hapter si in the barrier anal*sis g)idebook des-ribes ho the identi(ied barriers-an be translated into meas)res to over-ome the barriers. "he detailed anal*sis sho)ld

have -lari(ied the nat)re o( barriers and their interrelations, hi-h itsel( helpsindi-ate

hi-h meas)res ma* be ne-essar*. 5hapter si in the g)idebook o((ers eamples o( ho a set o( -omplementar* meas)res ma* be )sed to enhan-e their impa-t, andho

di((erent sets o( meas)res a-hieving the same goal ma* have di((erent e-onomi-and

other impa-ts. ;t is there(ore re-ommended to dis-)ss the meas)res at the highest politi-al level be(ore sele-ting a set o( meas)res to be in-l)ded in the te-hnolog*

a-tion plan AN*gaard and Hansen, 01!C.*conomic and %inancial barriers to the uptake o% conser8ation systems o% soil

tillage

'ithout herbicides %or 'inter 'heat in oldo8a

5ommer-ial banks in 'oldova have relativel* high -apitaliDation, b)t lending is based on the prin-iple o( e-onomi-

pro(itabilitas."h)s, the interest rate on loans provided to entreprene)rs (oroperational a-tivities is 03/Q ann)all*,

in-l)ding -ommission rates. "his implies that e-onomi- a-tivit* sho)ld have aret)rn o( at least /03/!Q in order to repa*

the loan on time, hi-h is a signi(i-ant demand (or the agri-)lt)re se-tor.'oreover, -)rrentl* no -ommer-ial banking

instit)tion in the -o)ntr* (avo)rs lending to agri-)lt)ral enterprises itho)t havingthe s)pport o( international -redit

lines AR;S&, S;


28/35

"he -apital market is not s)((i-ientl* developed in 'oldova. inan-ial instabilit*doesn@t allo promoting long3term

-redits at loer rates o( interest. 5redit is released thro)gh -ommer-ial bankshi-h are interested in short3term

-rediting. "he iss)e o( -rediting is ver* -omple and it s)pposes (inan-ial stabilit*and less dependen-e (rom the

international market on inp)ts Aoil, (ertiliDers, pesti-ides, agri-)lt)ral eL)ipment,seeds et-.C. High pri-es (or inp)ts and

relativel* lo pri-es (or agri-)lt)ral prod)-ts ()rther limit the a--ess to -redit. ;norder to improve the eisting sit)ation

(or (inan-ing agri-)lt)re o( 'oldova, (or the implementation o( -limatete-hnologies it o)ld be advisable toG

7stablish -riteria (or the eval)ation o( (arm a-tivities, hi-h sho)ld in-l)de notonl* e-onomi- parameters Apro(it,

*ieldsC, b)t also e-ologi-al and so-ial parameters, hi-h )s)all* are eternaliDed. armers hi-h are implementing environmentall* (riendl* te-hnologies sho)ld

be s)pported b* the state thro)gh

s)bsidies, red)-ed taes (or imported eL)ipment )sed (or -limate te-hnologies.

halaman 29

$

What is an nabling !rame"ork#

/.+.1.

>e )nderstand an enabling (rameork as something broader than ?)st a set o(

spe-i(i- poli-ies, to in-l)de the -o)ntr*3spe-i(i- -ir-)mstan-es that en-ompass eistingmarket

and te-hnologi-al -onditions, instit)tions and pra-ti-es. >hile the nat)re ands)--ess

o( an* given enabling (rameork varies beteen -o)ntries, an e((e-tive (rameork (or

s-aling )p investment in -limate -hange mitigation and adaptation te-hnologies-an be

-onstr)-ted, thro)gh the implementation o( spe-i(i- poli-ies and a-tivities, draing)pon, and adapting, s)--esses (rom other -o)ntries. "here(ore, establishing an

enabling (rameork means thinking primaril* abo)t -reating andEor reg)latingmarkets (or -limate te-hnologies, not ?)st spe-i(i- pro?e-ts. "hat said, the anal*sis

o( markets and in-entives is more relevant to te-hnologies s)-h as drip irrigation or

solar home s*stems, hi-h are sold in a mass market, than (or large in(rastr)-t)re pro?e-ts s)-h as metros, h*dropoer dams, d*kes, seaall de(en-es, -oastal Done

and(lood management te-hnologies hi-h ma* reL)ire state3(inan-ed investment.

"o enable )ptake and di(()sion o( @-limate te-hnologies@, markets ma* need to be(reed, -reated or stim)lated, s)pported and reg)lated b* governments and ider


29/35

stakeholders AHaselip et al., 011C. here the barriers to te-hnologi-al )ptake -an be -lassi(ied as

@instit)tional@, then meas)res to address these -o)ld in-l)de the introd)-tion o( ()nding agen-ies to provide grants (or retro3(itting b)ilding to in-rease energ*e((i-ien-* or regional a)thorities to roll3o)t lo3te-h -oastal Done management

praktek. >eak -apa-it*, somehere in the market -hain ma* be identi(ied as a ke* barrier, (or eample in b)siness management and entreprene)rship (or -lean

energ*.;n s)-h -ases targeted -apa-it* b)ilding (or entreprene)rs and managers operating

in,or planning to develop, -limate te-hnolog* S'7s ma* be a proposed meas)re, or a

netork o( S'7s innovators or Mstart)psP that -an share ideas and (a-ilitate a--essto

markets and investors. Some barriers ma* be de(ined as @legal@, re(erring to a la-ko(

-larit* regarding the r)les or la-k o( minimal reL)ired standards that stand to bene(it

in-)mbent @dirt*@ te-hnolog*. ;n s)-h -ases, ell designed standards, b)ilding-odes,

aste or ()el blending targets and poer p)r-hase agreements are eample o( meas)res that -an enable or in-entivise investment in lo -arbon or -limate

resilientteknologi.


30/35

Who identifies the measures and ho"#

/.+.+.

"he (irst steps in identi(*ing and des-ribing spe-i(i- meas)res o)ld ideall* betaken

d)ring a (a-ilitated orkshop ith the gro)p hi-h has been involved in the barrier analisis.


31/35

+hambatan

diidenti%ikasi

easures identi%ied to o8ercome the barriers

*conomic andkeuangan

"o de-rease the interest rate (or -redits released b* -ommer-ial banks."o en-o)rage -reation o( agri-)lt)ral banks ith lo rate o( interest.

"o red)-e or to avoid taes (or pro(it (or (armers investing in goodagri-)lt)ral pra-ti-es, in-l)ding pro-)rement o( eL)ipment.

"o ask (or higher dis-o)nt rates (or -limate te-hnologies (rom-ompanies hi-h are prod)-ing agri-)lt)ral eL)ipment

"o release s)bsides (or (armers implementing -limate te-hnologies."o take into -onsideration the negative eternalities Apoll)tion, soil

degradationC (rom the -onventional (arming s*stem relativel* to-onservation (arming s*stem."o red)-e taes (or the import o( -limate te-hnologies.".". eporting %or the barrier analysis and enabling %rame'ork

"he report (or the 6#7 is the se-ond o( the three deliverables that parti-ipating

-o)ntries are epe-ted to s)bmit, and the one (or hi-h it is en-o)raged that-o)ntries

dedi-ate most reso)r-es to preparing and (inalising given the anal*ti-alreL)irements.

5o)ntries are given the opport)nit* to s)bmit ()ll (irst dra(ts o( the 6#7 report(or

-riti-al revie b* sta(( at =


32/35

8)idan-e o( the "#&s is -)rrentl* being )pdated, in -ons)ltation ith the=N555. Sa*a t

ill be in-l)ded in a revised version o( this g)idan-e note, to share ith -o)ntrieslater in 01!.

$. 4inking the T!A to other processes;t is important to )nderstand ho the "N# pro-ess -onne-ts ith, or relates to,

other ma?or -limate -hange initiatives mandated b* the =N555 5limate 5hange

5onvention, as ell as ke* nationall*3driven anal*ses, pro?e-t and plans. 9verall, itis

the responsibilit* o( parti-ipating -o)ntries to position and )tilise the "N# pro-essin

a a* that makes sense (or them, identi(*ing and p)rs)ing s*nergies herever m)ngkin. >hile there are n)mero)s relevant initiatives to -onsider, this se-tion

o((ersan anal*sis o( the -omplementarities and potential overlaps beteen "N#s and

Nationall* #ppropriate 'itigation #-tions AN#'#sC, National #daptation

&rogrammeso( #-tion AN#sC, National #daptation &lans AN#&sC and ;ntended Nationall*


33/35

implementing strategies and programmes to address those needs. ;t there(oremakes

sense, (or :


34/35

=N7&3Ris 5entre,


35/35

=R5 A011-C. Tec)nolo!ies $or limate )an!e (iti!ation - TransportSector. "N# 8)idebook Series.

=N7& Ris 5entre, Roskilde=R5 A01aC. Tec)nolo!ies $or limate )an!e (iti!ation - A!riculture

Sector. "N# 8)idebook Series.=N7& Ris 5entre, Roskilde

=R5 A01bC. Tec)nolo!ies $or limate )an!e (iti!ation - 'uildin!s Sector ."N# 8)idebook Series.

=N7& Ris 5entre, Roskilde

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