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BSS B10-B11 Telecom Evolution - Page 1All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010
GERAN
BSS B10-B11 Telecom Evolution
STUDENT GUIDE
TMO18090 D0 SG DEN Issue 2.0
All rights reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010Passing on and copying of this document, use and communication of its
contents not permitted without written authorization from Alcatel-Lucent
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Terms of Use and Legal Notices
Switch to notes view!1. Safety WarningBoth lethal and dangerous voltages may be present within the products used herein. The user is strongly advised not to
wear conductive jewelry while working on the products. Always observe all safety precautions and do not work on the
equipment alone.
The equipment used during this course may be electrostatic sensitive. Please observe correct anti-static precautions.
2. Trade Marks
Alcatel-Lucent and MainStreet are trademarks of Alcatel-Lucent.
All other trademarks, service marks and logos (Marks) are the property of their respective holders, including Alcatel-
Lucent. Users are not permitted to use these Marks without the prior consent of Alcatel-Lucent or such third party owning
the Mark. The absence of a Mark identifier is not a representation that a particular product or service name is not a Mark.
Alcatel-Lucent assumes no responsibility for the accuracy of the information presented herein, which may be subject tochange without notice.
3. Copyright
This document contains information that is proprietary to Alcatel-Lucent and may be used for training purposes only. Noother use or transmission of all or any part of this document is permitted without Alcatel-Lucents written permission, andmust include all copyright and other proprietary notices. No other use or transmission of all or any part of its contents may
be used, copied, disclosed or conveyed to any party in any manner whatsoever without prior written permission from
Alcatel-Lucent.
Use or transmission of all or any part of this document in violation of any applicable legislation is hereby expressly
prohibited.
User obtains no rights in the information or in any product, process, technology or trademark which it includes ordescribes, and is expressly prohibited from modifying the information or creating derivative works without the express
written consent of Alcatel-Lucent.
All rights reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010
4. Disclaimer
In no event will Alcatel-Lucent be liable for any direct, indirect, special, incidental or consequential damages, including
lost profits, lost business or lost data, resulting from the use of or reliance upon the information, whether or not Alcatel-
Lucent has been advised of the possibility of such damages.
Mention of non-Alcatel-Lucent products or services is for information purposes only and constitutes neither an
endorsement, nor a recommendation.
This course is intended to train the student about the overall look, feel, and use of Alcatel-Lucent products. Theinformation contained herein is representational only. In the interest of file size, simplicity, and compatibility and, in some
cases, due to contractual limitations, certain compromises have been made and therefore some features are not entirely
accurate.
Please refer to technical practices supplied by Alcatel-Lucent for current information concerning Alcatel-Lucent equipment
and its operation, or contact your nearest Alcatel-Lucent representative for more information.
The Alcatel-Lucent products described or used herein are presented for demonstration and training purposes only. Alcatel-
Lucent disclaims any warranties in connection with the products as used and described in the courses or the relateddocumentation, whether express, implied, or statutory. Alcatel-Lucent specifically disclaims all implied warranties,
including warranties of merchantability, non-infringement and fitness for a particular purpose, or arising from a course of
dealing, usage or trade practice.
Alcatel-Lucent is not responsible for any failures caused by: server errors, misdirected or redirected transmissions, failed
internet connections, interruptions, any computer virus or any other technical defect, whether human or technical in
nature
5. Governing Law
The products, documentation and information contained herein, as well as these Terms of Use and Legal Notices are
governed by the laws of France, excluding its conflict of law rules. If any provision of these Terms of Use and Legal
Notices, or the application thereof to any person or circumstances, is held invalid for any reason, unenforceable including,
but not limited to, the warranty disclaimers and liability limitations, then such provision shall be deemed superseded by a
valid, enforceable provision that matches, as closely as possible, the original provision, and the other provisions of these
Terms of Use and Legal Notices shall remain in full force and effect.
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Course Outline
About This CourseCourse outline
Technical support
Course objectives
1. Topic/Section is Positioned HereXxx
Xxx
Xxx
2. Topic/Section is Positioned Here
3. Topic/Section is Positioned Here
4. Topic/Section is Positioned Here
5. Topic/Section is Positioned Here
6. Topic/Section is Positioned Here
7. Topic/Section is Positioned Here
1. BSS B10-B11 Telecom Evolutions
1. Support of Paging Coordination 3JK11693AAAAWBZZA
2. Repeated ACCH 3JK11694AAAAWBZZA
3. NACC for Inter BSS and Inter RAT 3JK11695AAAAWBZZA
4. Tandem Free Operation with AMR-NB 3JK11696AAAAWBZZA
5. Support of A5.3 Ciphering 3JK11697AAAAWBZZA
6. Synchronized Radio Network 3JK11698AAAAWBZZA
7. TRX Dynamic Power Saving 3JK11699AAAAWBZZA
8. Antenna Hopping 3JKxxx
9. Abbreviations 3JKxxx
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Course Outline [cont.]
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Course Objectives
Switch to notes view!
Welcome to BSS B10-B11 Telecom Evolution
Upon completion of this course, you should be able to:
By the end of the course, participants will be able to describe the new telecom B11
features and their telecom impacts.
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Course Objectives [cont.]
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About this Student Guide
Switch to notes view!Conventions used in this guide
Where you can get further information
If you want further information you can refer to the following:
Technical Practices for the specific product
Technical support page on the Alcatel website: http://www.alcatel-lucent.com
Note
Provides you with additional information about the topic being discussed.
Although this information is not required knowledge, you might find it useful
or interesting.
Technical Reference(1) 24.348.98 Points you to the exact section of Alcatel-Lucent Technical
Practices where you can find more information on the topic being discussed.
WarningAlerts you to instances where non-compliance could result in equipment
damage or personal injury.
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About this Student Guide [cont.]
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Self-assessment of Objectives
At the end of each section you will be asked to fill this questionnaire
Please, return this sheet to the trainer at the end of the training
Switch to notes view!
Instructional objectivesYes (orglobally
yes)
No (orglobally
no)Comments
1 To be able to XXX
2
Contract number :
Course title :
Client (Company, Center) :
Language : Dates from : to :
Number of trainees : Location :
Surname, First name :
Did you meet the following objectives ?
Tick the corresponding box
Please, return this sheet to the trainer at the end of the training
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Self-assessment of Objectives [cont.]
Switch to notes view!
Instructional objectivesYes (orGlobally
yes)
No (orglobally
no)Comments
Thank you for your answers to this questionnaire
Other comments
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11All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010Module 1
Support of Paging Coordination3JK11693AAAAWBZZA Issue 1.0
Section 1BSS B10-B11 Telecom Evolutions
GERANBSS B10-B11 Telecom EvolutionTMO18090 D0 SG DEN Issue 2.0
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First editionEljaafari, Mohamed2009-03-3001
RemarksAuthorDateEdition
Document History
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Module Objectives
Upon completion of this module, you should be able to:
Describe the purpose of the "Support of Paging Coordination in the BSS"feature and its Telecom and O&M impacts
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Module Objectives [cont.]
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Table of Contents
Switch to notes view!Page
1 What Is the Purpose of this Feature? 71.1 Paging Coordination Principle in B10 8
1.2 Paging Coordination Principle in B11 112 How Does It Work? 12
2.1 Overall Description 133 What Are the Telecom Impacts? 17
3.1 CS Paging Requests Processing 184 What Are the O&M Impacts? 20
4.1 Feature Activation 214.2 Performance Management 22
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Table of Contents [cont.]
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1 What Is the Purpose of this Feature?
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1 What Is the Purpose of this Feature?
1.1 Paging Coordination Principle in B10
Do you remember the CS paging coordination in B10?Select the correct statements.
In NMO-II or NMO-III, the MS cannot receive CS paging while in PacketTransfer Mode
The Gs interface is a pre-requisite to fully support the DTM feature
If the network operates in NMO-I, there is no Gs interface between the MSCand the SGSN
In case of NMO-I, the paging coordination is done by the core network(between the MSC and the SGSN)
Paging coordination is an Alcatel-Lucent specific feature
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1 What Is the Purpose of this Feature?
1.1 Paging Coordination Principle in B10 [cont.]
Without paging coordination, CS Paging messages are always broadcastthrough the CCCH/PCH channel, even if the MS is in PTM mode.
MFS SGSNPDCHs
CSpaging
CSpaging
PCH
PACCH
CSpaging
Serving cell
BSC MSC
WithoutGs interface
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1 What Is the Purpose of this Feature?
1.1 Paging Coordination Principle in B10 [cont.]
With paging coordination in the SGSN, CS paging messages for GPRS-attached MS are conveyed from the MSC to the SGSN through the Gs
interface. It corresponds to the Network Mode of Operation I (NMO-I).
Serving cell
MFS SGSN
BSC MSC
Gs
TCHDedicated
mode
PACCH
CSpaging
CSpaging
CSpaging
CSpaging
Paging coordinationin the SGSN usingthe Gs interface
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1 What Is the Purpose of this Feature?
1.2 Paging Coordination Principle in B11
The support of paging coordination improves CS paging performance, asit allows to send CS paging messages through the PACCH.
In B11, this procedure can be fully performed in the BSS.
Serving cell
MFS
BSC MSC
WithoutGs interface
SGSN
PCH
GSL
Dedicatedmode
PACCH
CSpaging
CSpaging
CSpaging
CSpaging
CSpaging
CSpaging
Paging coordinationin the BSSTCH
There are two ways to support paging coordination:
Prior to B11, paging coordination is performed in the SGSN. In such a case, CS paging messages for GPRS-
attached MS are conveyed from the MSC to the SGSN through the Gs interface, which allows the SGSN to
perform the paging coordination. This corresponds to the Network Mode of Operation I.
In B11, paging coordination is performed in the BSS. If no Gs interface is available then CS paging
coordination has to be fully performed in the BSS.
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2 How Does It Work?
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2 How Does It Work?
2.1 Overall Description
With CS paging coordination in the BSS, the BSC has to forward to theMFS CS Paging requests received from the MSC.
Knowing that the BSC is aware of neither the MS location nor the MSmode (PTM or not), and the fact that we have to be very careful withthe GSL load, can you guess which kind of information shall be sent tothe MFS?
Select the correct answer.
Indication about the Paging Area
The cell the MS camps on
List of all cells managed by the BSC
MS Location AreaMS IMSI
PTM/non-PTM mode
Nothing
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2 How Does It Work?
2.1 Overall Description [cont.]
The BSC forwards to the MFS CS Paging requests received from the MSC in orderto allow the MFS to send the paging requests on the PACCH channel.
The BSC also broadcasts all CS paging requests to the MS through the PCHchannel.
Serving cell
MFS
BSC MSC
GSL
SGSN
WithoutGs interface
PCH CSpaging
CSpaging
CSpaging
CSpaging
Paging coordination in the BSS
MS in PIMMFS discards the Paging Request
IMSI
CS paging coordination in the BSS is performed in 3 steps:
1. CS paging requests are received from the MSC.
2. The BSC forwards CS paging requests to the MFS via the GSL (using BSCGP) after filtering. In any case the
BSC also broadcasts all CS paging requests to the MS through the PCH channel (for all cells corresponding to
the Paging Area and managed by the BSC).
3. On receipt of the CS paging requests sent by the BSC and when applicable (i.e. for MS in PTM mode), the
MFS sends these CS paging requests to the MS through the PACCH channel (for the cell the MS camps on).
Management of the IMSI by the MFS
When CS paging coordination is performed in the BSS, no Paging Area is provided within CS Paging Requests
forwarded by the BSC but only the IMSI. Therefore the MFS has to build and maintain a set of IMSI vs MS
Context relationships for all MS in PTM mode.
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2 How Does It Work?
2.1 Overall Description [cont.]
The BSC forwards to the MFS CS Paging requests received from the MSC in orderto allow the MFS to send the paging requests on the PACCH channel.
The BSC also broadcasts all CS paging requests to the MS through the PCHchannel.
Serving cell
MFS
BSC MSC
WithoutGs interface
SGSN
PCHGSL
Dedicatedmode
PACCH
CSpaging
CSpaging
CSpaging
CSpaging
CSpaging
CSpaging
MS in PTM modewill be paged faster on the PACCH
than on the PCH
TCH Paging coordinationin the BSS
CS paging coordination in the BSS is performed in 3 steps:
1. CS paging requests are received from the MSC.
2. The BSC forwards CS paging requests to the MFS via the GSL (using BSCGP) after filtering. In any case the
BSC also broadcasts all CS paging requests to the MS through the PCH channel (for all cells corresponding to
the Paging Area and managed by the BSC).
3. On receipt of the CS paging requests sent by the BSC and when applicable (i.e. for MS in PTM mode), the
MFS sends these CS paging requests to the MS through the PACCH channel (for the cell the MS camps on).
Management of the IMSI by the MFS
When CS paging coordination is performed in the BSS, no Paging Area is provided within CS Paging Requests
forwarded by the BSC but only the IMSI. Therefore the MFS has to build and maintain a set of IMSI vs MS
Context relationships for all MS in PTM mode.
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3 What Are the Telecom Impacts?
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3 What Are the Telecom Impacts?
3.1 CS Paging Requests Processing [cont.]
The MFS has to maintain a set of "IMSI vs MS Context" relationships: For an MS which leaves the PTM mode, the corresponding "IMSI vs MS
Context" relationship has to be removed from the set. For an MS which enters the PTM mode, its IMSI has to be retrieved.
In your opinion, how must the IMSI be retrieved?Select the correct answers.
For a DL TBF, pick the IMSI from a DL LLC PDU
The IMSI is retrieved only during GPRS Attach
For a UL TBF, perform an RA Capacity Update procedure
For a UL TBF, perform the two-phase access procedure
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4 What Are the O&M Impacts?
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4 What Are the O&M Impacts?
4.1 Feature Activation
New Parameter
The "Support of Paging Coordination in the BSS" feature is optional. It
shall be activated at BSS level, via the OMC-R:BSS_PAGING_COORDINATION
BSS_PAGING_COORDINATION:
Enables CS Paging Coordination to be managed in the BSS for MS in Packet Transfer Mode.
The default value is "Disabled".
Recommended rules:
If BSS_PAGING_COORDINATION (BSC)/(MFS) is set to "Enabled", it is highly recommended to set
EN_RA_CAP_UPDATE to "Enabled" for all cells of the corresponding BSS.
If DTM is Enabled for at least one cell within a given BSS, it is highly recommended to activate CS Paging
Coordination for this BSS, either through the Gs Interface (network_operation_mode = "NMO I") or by setting
BSS_PAGING_COORDINATION (BSC)/(MFS) to "Enabled" (network_operation_mode "NMO I").
Note
The activation of DTM is NOT a prerequisite to activate the "Support of paging coordination in the BSS"
feature. This feature can be used to simply improve CS paging performance for MS in PTM mode without
having mandatorily DTM in mind.
As Network_Operation_Mode is defined on a per BSS basis, the two ways to perform Paging Coordination
cannot be handled simultaneously for a given BSS. On the other hand, nothing prevents to use both at
Network level.
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Module Summary
If no Gs interface is available then CS paging coordination has to befully performed in the BSS.
With paging coordination in the BSS, the BSC sends all receivedpaging requests from the MSC both to the PCH and to the MFS.
Paging coordination is mandatory to fully support the DTM feature.
This new feature can be useful independently from the DTM.
The two ways to perform paging coordination cannot be handledsimultaneously for a given BSS.
The feature activation is configured from the OMC-R via theBSS_PAGING_COORDINATION parameter.
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Self-assessment on the Objectives
Please be reminded to fill in the formSelf-Assessment on the Objectives
for this module The form can be found in the first part
of this course documentation
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End of ModuleSupport of Paging Coordination
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First editionEljaafari, Mohamed2009-03-3001
RemarksAuthorDateEdition
Document History
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Table of Contents [cont.]
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1 What Is the Purpose of this Feature?
1.1 FACCH and SACCH
Do you remember FACCH and SACCH?Select the corresponding signaling channel.
The FACCH SACCH is associated with a TCH, and is required to support the high-speed signaling needed duringcall establishment and HO management.
The occurrence of the FACCH SACCH is not fixed in the multiframe, as it is for the FACCH SACCH..Insted, the FACCH SACCH occurs on a TDMA frame that is reserved for a TCH.
An FR TCH uses one TS per TDMA frame, for each frame of the multiframe, except for the frames 12 and 25. The TDMA
frame 12 is used to carry the FACCH SACCH and the TDMA frame 25 is an idle frame.
The FACCH SACCH multiframe/block is composed of four FACCH SACCH frames/bursts; thus theFACCH SACCH period is equal to 480ms.
The FACCH SACCH is used mainly for the transmission of the radio measurement data.FACCH SACCH is also used for SMS transfer during a call.
The multiplexing of TCH and FACCH SACCH is possible by means of the frame stealing. This means that a speechframe carried over a TCH can be replaced by an FACCH SACCH frame.
The BTS sends cell-specific information (periodically SYS_INFO 5, 5bis, 5ter, 6) to the MS using FACCH SACCH.
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1 What Is the Purpose of this Feature?
1.2 Voice and Signaling Coverage without AMR in B10
When AMR speech codecs were introduced, the same Associated ControlChannels (ACCHs) as those used for traditional TCH/FR and TCH/EFR
were re-used. The consequence is that, in poor radio conditions, themore protected AMR speech codecs have now better performance (interms of error rate) than the associated control channels. This resultsin an imbalance between voice and signaling.
Voice andsignaling coverage
without AMR
ZZ
Z
Call Drop
BTS
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1 What Is the Purpose of this Feature?
1.3 Improved Voice Coverage with AMR in B10
When AMR speech codecs were introduced, the same Associated ControlChannels (ACCHs) as those used for traditional TCH/FR and TCH/EFR
were re-used. The consequence is that, in poor radio conditions, themore protected AMR speech codecs have now better performance (interms of error rate) than the associated control channels. This resultsin an imbalance between voice and signaling.
BTS
Call Drop
Improved voice coveragewith AMR
ZZ
Z
Signaling channelsdesigned at the
beginning of GSMless robust than
AMR codecRisk of call drop
while voice qualityis still OK
at cell border
AMR codecs are more resistant than the signaling channel (SACCH).
AMR calls can be stopped because of RLT expiry due to persistent bad SACCH quality (while AMR codec still
performing well), in particular in FR usage.
In B10, a shorter-term solution to fix this issue was the Differentiated Radio Link Timeout for AMR callsfeature. It is desirable to use higher RLT values for AMR calls than for Legacy Codecs.
A long-term solution is to strengthen SACCH. This is introduced in B11 with the new Repeated DL FACCHand Repeated UL & DL SACCH feature.
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1 What Is the Purpose of this Feature?
1.4 Improved Coverage in B11
In B11, the Repeated DL FACCH and Repeated UL & DL SACCHfeatures improve the robustness of signaling.
Repeated UL & DL SACCH (RSACCH): Extended Coverage & reduction of calldrops.
Repeated DL FACCH (RDFACCH): Improves handover reliability of AMR calls.
BTS
Improved coverage with RSACCH and RDFACCH
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2 How Does It Work?
2.3 Repeated DL SACCH [cont.]
Have you understood the RDSACCH mechanism?Select the correct statements.
When the MS cannot decode correctly (before combining) a DL SACCH, it requests for repetitionby setting the SRR bit.
On BTS/LAPDm side, any DL SACCH block can be repeated.
RDSACCH involves only 2 layers: the LAPDm in the BTS on the one hand and the physical layer inthe MS on the other hand.
When the RDSACCH feature is activated, any DL SACCH frame is sent twice.
If the last DL SACCH frame can not be decoded, the MS tries to soft combine it with the previousframe.
RSACCH is mandatory for Rel-6 MSs, furthermore it cannot be applied to legacy MSs, contrary toRDFACCH.
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2 How Does It Work?
2.5 Dynamic Activation of RSACCH [cont.]
The RDSACCH is also triggered when the UL RLT counter is inferior orequal to the value of RADIOLINK_REP_DL_SACCH. This avoids blocking
scenarios and enables to react in case of rapid UL field drops (i.e. incase the SRRis not received anymore due to bad UL quality).
BadUL SACCHRel-6 MS
BTS
RADIOLINK_RECOVERY_THRES
RLS Counter
10
09
RADIOLINK_REP_DL_SACCH
RADIOLINK_TIMEOUT_BS
RDSACCHactivation
RADIOLINK_REP_DL_SACCH is set by default to 10 (i.e. equal to RADIOLINK_RECOVERY_THRES (=
N_BSTXPWR_M) - 3) to give time to the BSS to set the power output of the BTS and of the MS to itsmaximum value (recovery mechanism).
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Exercise
Have you understood the RUSACCH, RDFACCH and RDSACCH mechanisms?Match each item on the left with the corresponding features.
AMR Codec-based dynamic activation
Dynamically activated using SRR or RLT procedures
Mandatory for Rel-6 MS
Each frame is sent twice
A frame may be sent twice
It can be applied to legacy (pre-Rel-6) MS
New SACCH Repetition Order (SRO) field
RDFACCH
RUSACCH
RDSACCH
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3 What Are the Telecom Impacts?
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3 What Are the Telecom Impacts?
3.1 RUSACCH and RLS [cont.]
The introduction of RUSACCH has an impact on the receiving principleof SACCH blocks and on the Radio Link Supervision (RLS).
Outcome ofthe first decoding
BTS
Rel-6MS
+Outcome of
the second decoding
=Soft combining
RADIOLINK_RECOVERY_THRES
RLS Counter
171615
14
13121110
09
RADIOLINK_REP_DL_SACCH
RADIOLINK_TIMEOUT_BS
BadUL SACCH
SACCH Block Receiving Procedure and Radio Link Supervision
In B11, with the possibility of a repeated UL SACCH, the following principle shall be used:
When an SACCH block is received, there's a first decoding attempt without combining:
If the decoding is performed, then the RLT counter is incremented by 2.
If the decoding is not performed, then a second decoding is attempted by combining with the previous
SACCH block:
If the second decoding is successful, then the RLT counter is incremented by 2.
If the second decoding failed, then the RLT counter is decremented by 1.
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4 What Are the O&M Impacts?
4.1 RDFACCH Enabling
New Parameters
The RDFACCH feature is optional. It can be enabled at cell level.
EN_REP_DL_FACCH REP_DL_FACCH_LEGACY_SUPPORT
REP_DL_FACCH_THRES_AMR_FR
REP_DL_FACCH_THRES_AMR_HR
REP_DL_FACCH_THRES_AMR_WB
EN_REP_DL_FACCH
Definition: Enables repeated downlink FACCH for AMR calls.
Instance: cell, changeable.
Range/default value: Three levels: 0: Repeated DL FACCH not enabled (default), 1: Repeated DL FACCH enabled for LAPDm
command frames,2: Repeated DL FACCH enabled for LAPDm command frames, and also for LAPDm response frames (valid only forthe MS having indicated the support of the feature by Repeated ACCH Capability bit=1).
REP_DL_FACCH_LEGACY_SUPPORT
Definition: Legacy support for Repeated Downlink FACCH for AMR calls.
Remarks: This parameter is relevant only if Repeated Downlink FACCH is enabled (EN_REP_DL_FACCH parameter). This parameter
concerns only the LAPDm command frames.
Instance: cell , changeable.
Range/default value: 0: Repeated DL FACCH enabled only for the AMR MSs having indicated the support of the feature by
Repeated ACCH Capability bit=1 (default), 1: Repeated DL FACCH enabled for all AMR MSs.
REP_DL_FACCH_THRES_AMR_FR
Definition: Repeated DL FACCH activation threshold for AMR FR. Dynamic activation is done as long as CMR is inferior or equal to the
threshold value.
Instance: cell, changeable
Range/default: 0=off, 1=4.75kbps, 2=5.15kbps, 3=5.9kbps (default), 4=6.7kbps, 5=7.4kbps, 6=7.95kbps, 7=10.2kbps, 8=12.2kbps
REP_DL_FACCH_THRES_AMR_HR
Definition: Repeated DL FACCH activation threshold for AMR HR. Dynamic activation is done as long as CMR is inferior or equal to the
threshold value.
Instance: cell, changeable.
Range/default: 0=off, 1=4.75kbps, 2=5.15kbps, 3=5.9kbps (default), 4=6.7kbps, 5=7.4kbps
REP_DL_FACCH_THRES_AMR_WB
Definition: Repeated DL FACCH activation threshold for AMR WB. Dynamic activation is done as long as CMR is inferior or equal to thethreshold value.
Instance: cell, changeable.
Range/default: 0=off, 1=6.60kbps (default), 2=8.85kbps, 3=12.65kbps
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Module Summary
The Repeated DL FACCH (RDFACCH) and Repeated UL & DL SACCH(RSACCH) features improve the robustness of signaling.
The RDFACCH mechanism means that each DL FACCH frame is senttwice.
The RUSACCH mechanism means that an MS shall send upon BSS ordera UL SACCH frame twice.
The RDSACCH mechanism means that the BSS may send a DL SACCHframe twice.
The dynamic activation ofRDFACCH is AMR Codec based.
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Module Summary [cont.]
RSACCH is also dynamically activated using a specific algorithm (SRR orRLT).
The RSACCH and RDACCH are not linked.
RDFACCH and RSACCH can be activated only for calls using AMR-NB orAMR-WB.
Both features can be enabled at cell level.
Both features have been introduced in Rel-6 specifications and aremandatory for Rel-6 MSs.
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End of ModuleRepeated ACCH
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Module Objectives
Upon completion of this module, you should be able to:
Describe the purpose of the "Inter-BSS/RAT NACC" feature and its Telecomand O&M impacts
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Table of Contents [cont.]
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1 What Is the Purpose of this Feature?
1.1 NACC in B10
Do you remember NACC?Select the correct statements.
With NACC, the network can send SI1, SI3 and SI13 of target cell after PS cell reselection
The NACC is mandatory for Release 4 MSs supporting the GERAN feature Package 1
It has been introduced in ALU BSS B10 release
In B10, the NACC could occur only for a source and target cells mapped on the same GPU
In B10, the NACC could occur for a source and target cells mapped on 2 GPUs belongingto the same MFS
In B10, the NACC could occur for a source and target cells mapped on 2 GPUs belongingto different MFSs
SI1 and SI3 are provided by the BSC to the MFS, SI13 is built by the serving MFS
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1 What Is the Purpose of this Feature?
1.2 Principle of NACC in B10
The NACC feature has beenintroduced in B9. Thisfeature allows to decreasethe GPRS service outageduring intra-BSS PS cellreselection, by providing theMS with a set of SystemInformation (SI) messages,required to access the newcell, before the MS leavesthe old cell.
BSS1 BSS1Cell A Cell B
BTSA
BTSB
SGSN
Throughput(Kbit/s)
Averagethroughput
t0
Reduced serviceoutage
Time(s)t1 t2 t3
Intra-BSS
The feature reduced the service outage time for an MS in packet transfer mode from a couple of seconds
down to 300-700 ms by giving the network a possibility to assist the MS before and during the cell change.The assistance is given as sending of neighbouring cell system information.
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2 How Does It Work?
2.1 Inter-BSS/RAT NACC Principles in B11
What Is RIM?
The RAN Information Management (RIM) procedures provide a generic
mechanism for the exchange of arbitrary information between two RANnodes, located either in a GERAN or in a UTRAN access network.
SGSN(s)
RAN-INFORMATION-
ACK
RAN-INFORMATION/Multiple Report
(ACK)
SI ChangeSI Request
RAN-INFORMATION-
REQUEST/MultipleReport
RAN-INFORMATION/
InitialMultiple Report
The SGSNssimply perform a relay
of the messages
Target BSSCurrent BSS
or RNC
The RAN Information Management (RIM) procedures allow to send information between BSCs/RNCs via one
or more SGSNs. The SGSNs simply perform a relay of the messages (possibly inter-SGSN). Any relationbetween messages is transparent for the SGSN.
Two main procedures are defined:
RAN Information Request procedure: initiated by a Controlling BSS/RNC when it requires information (inNACC case: SI) from another Serving BSS/RNC, or when it requires stop of event driven reports from another
Serving BSS/RNC.
RAN Information Send procedure: initiated by a Serving BSS when it has information to be sent toanother Controlling BSS/RNC. The procedure may be event-triggered (e.g. SI change) or scheduled (e.g. by
a request procedure). Sending BSS may request acknowledgement of the information.
Routing and addressing of the messages are done through:
cell identifiers for the BSS.
A BSS is addressed by the Routing Area Identity (RAI) + Cell Identity (CI) of one of its cells.
RNC identifiers for RNC.
An RNC is addressed by the Routing Area Identity + RNC-Id.
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2 How Does It Work?
2.1 Inter-BSS/RAT NACC Principles in B11 [cont.]
What Is RIM?
The RAN Information Management (RIM) procedures provide a generic
mechanism for the exchange of arbitrary information between two RANnodes, located either in a GERAN or in a UTRAN access network.
SGSN(s)
RAN-INFORMATION-
ACK
The SGSNssimply perform
a relay of the messages
RAN-INFORMATION/Multiple Report
(ACK)
SI ChangeSI Request
Target BSSCurrent BSS
or RNC
The RAN Information Management (RIM) procedures allow to send information between BSCs/RNCs via one
or more SGSNs. The SGSNs simply perform a relay of the messages (possibly inter-SGSN). Any relationbetween messages is transparent for the SGSN.
Two main procedures are defined:
RAN Information Request procedure: initiated by a Controlling BSS/RNC when it requires information (inNACC case: SI) from another Serving BSS/RNC, or when it requires stop of event driven reports from another
Serving BSS/RNC.
RAN Information Send procedure: initiated by a Serving BSS when it has information to be sent toanother Controlling BSS/RNC. The procedure may be event-triggered (e.g. SI change) or scheduled (e.g. by
a request procedure). Sending BSS may request acknowledgement of the information.
Routing and addressing of the messages are done through:
cell identifiers for the BSS.
A BSS is addressed by the Routing Area Identity (RAI) + Cell Identity (CI) of one of its cells.
RNC identifiers for RNC.
An RNC is addressed by the Routing Area Identity + RNC-Id.
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2 How Does It Work?
2.2 Inter-BSS/RAT Principles
Have you understood the RIM procedure?Select the correct statements.
The RAN Information Management is an Alcatel-Lucent specific feature
The RIM procedure allows to send information between BSCs/RNCs via one or more SGSNs
This information may not be transparent for the SGSN
The RAN Information Send procedure is an event-triggered mechanism. It is used only when theset of NACC-related SI is changed
This procedure may be event triggered or scheduled
A BSS is addressed by the RAI + Cell Identity (CI) of one of its cells
An RNC is addressed by the RAI + RNC-Id+Cell Identity (CI) of one of its cells
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2 How Does It Work?
2.4 Cell Reselection:3G-to-2G Cell Reselection
Inter-RAT NACC Procedure
In order to provide the MS with SI of external adjacent cells, the
current BSS/RNC shall obtain them from another target BSS, via theSGSN. The RAN Information Management (RIM) procedure allows to sendinformation between BSCs/RNCs via one or more SGSNs. The RIM allowsa UTRAN to get SI of a target 2G cell.
SGSN 1 SGSN 2
Serving cell Target cell
UTRAN BSS 2
3G-to-2GPS Cell Reselection
RIM-NACCprocedure
In the inter-BSS case, the exchanges with the MS are the same as in Release 4 NACC.
In order to provide the MS with SI of external adjacent cells, the Controlling BSS shall obtain them from
another Serving BSS, via the SGSN.
The RAN Information Management (RIM) procedure allows to send information between BSCs/RNCs via one
or more SGSNs. The SGSNs simply perform a relay of the messages (possibly inter-SGSN). Any relation
between messages is transparent for the SGSN, i.e. a request/response exchange between RIM applications,
is routed and relayed as two independent messages by the SGSN.
The support of RIM by the BSS and the SGSN is negotiated thanks to the Bitmap Mechanism of BSSGPInterface feature.
Routing and addressing of the messages is done through cell identifiers for the BSS and through RNCidentifiers for RNC.
SIs are requested for a given 2G cell. The sets of SIs to be sent to the MS are SI1, SI3 (both provided by the
BSC to the MFS) and SI13 (built by the serving MFS).
In B11, the inter-BSS NACC can occur between 2 MFSs or also between 2 GPUs belonging to the same MFS
but supporting different BSSs. In this last case, no inter-GPU signaling is used. The usual procedure via the
SGSN is also used between 2 GPUs in the same MFS.
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3 What Are the Telecom Impacts?
3.1 Inter-BSS/RAT NACC Principles
Have you understood the Inter-BSS/RAT NACC procedure?Click on each button in the right order to display the steps of this scenario.
MSCurrent MFS/
RNCTarget
MFS
1 2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Data block
Packet Cell Change Continue
Packet Cell Change Notification
Packet Neighbour Cell Data
Packet Neighbour Cell Data
RAN- Information
RAN- Information Request
Polling
PAGING_COORDINATION_REQ:
A new message is introduced in the BSCGP to forward CS paging to the MFS. The same new message is used
for both Paging commandandMultiple Paging commandscenarios.
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4 What Are the O&M Impacts?
4.1 Configuration Management
New Parameters
The Inter-BSS/Inter-RAT NACC feature is optional. It can be activated at
BSS level. EN_RIM_NACC
T_RIR
T_RI
T_MULTIPLE_REPORT
N_RIM_RETRIES
EN_RIM_NACC:
This parameter enables inter-BSS and inter-RAT NACC.
It can take the following values:
0: RIM NACC feature disabled
1: Inter_BSS_NACC only enabled
2: Inter_RAT_NACC only enabled
3: Inter_BSS_NACC and Inter_RAT NACC enabled
T_RIR:
The timer supervising the reception of RAN Information.
Changeable: 1 255 sec/ 10
T_RI
The timer supervising the reception of RAN information ACK.
Changeable: 1 255 sec/10
T_MULTIPLE_REPORT:
The timer supervising the reception of the following RAN information with multiple report MFS.
Changeable: 15 360 mn/60
N_RIM_RETRIES:
The number of times a RAN procedure is sent before giving up (in case of no answer).
Changeable: 1 255 /2
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4.2 Performance Management
New Counters NB_SERVING_INTER_BSS_NACC
NB_SERVING_INTER_RAT_NACC NB_CONTROLLING_INTER_BSS_NAC
TIME_SPENT_RIM_NACC_PROCEDURE
TIME_SOURCE_RIM_NACC_CELL_RESEL
MAX_SOURCE_RIM_NACC_CELL_RESEL_TIME
MIN_SOURCE_RIM_NACC_CELL_RESEL_TIME
NB_SERVING_INTER_BSS_NACC:
The number of received RAN-Information-Request from a controlling BSS. Within the granularity period, the MFS counts the number ofRAN-INFORMATION-REQUEST received from a BSS (both single and multiple reports).
Measured object: Target Cell
NB_SERVING_INTER_RAT_NACC:
The number of received RAN-Information-Request from a controlling RNC. Within the granularity period, the MFS counts the number of
RAN-INFORMATION-REQUEST received from a RNC (both single and multiple reports).
Measured object: Target Cell
NB_CONTROLLING_INTER_BSS_NACC:
The number of successful RAN-Information-Request sent to another BSS. Within the granularity period, the MFS counts the number ofRAN-INFORMATION-REQUEST sent to another BSS (both single and multiple reports).
Measured object: Target Cell
TIME_SPENT_RIM_NACC_PROCEDURE:
The cumulated time needed to require the SI of the target cell via the RIM procedure. This will allow to estimate the time during
which a RAN-Information-Request PDU is sent and a RAN-Information PDU is received.
Measured object: Target Cell
TIME_SOURCE_RIM_NACC_CELL_RESEL:
The cumulated time of the successful Network Assisted cell reselection duration in NC0 mode in case of Inter-BSS serving cell. Within
the granularity period, the MFS cumulates the duration of each successful outgoing RIM_NACC cell reselections triggered by the BSS in
the source cell.
MAX_SOURCE_RIM_NACC_CELL_RESEL_TIME:
The maximum Network-Assisted cell reselection duration in NC0 mode = maximum value of counter
TIME_SOURCE_RIM_NACC_CELL_RESEL.
MIN_SOURCE_RIM_NACC_CELL_RESEL_TIME:
The minimum Network-Assisted cell reselection duration in NC0 mode = minimum value of counter
TIME_SOURCE_RIM_NACC_CELL_RESEL.
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Module Summary
In B11, the benefits of NACC are extended to the inter-BSS and 3G-to-2G Cell Reselection cases.
The GPRS service outage during inter-BSS or inter-RAT PS cellreselection is improved.
RAN Information Management (RIM) is generic mechanism for theexchange of information between two RAN nodes (GERAN or UTRAN).
For 2G-to-2G Inter-BSS Cell Reselections, the RIM allows a BSS to getSystem Information of 2G cells located in another BSS.
For 3G-to-2G Cell Reselections, the RIM allows a UTRAN to get SI of atarger 2G cell.
The Inter-BSS/Inter-RAT NACC feature is optional. It can be activatedat BSS level.
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Self-assessment on the Objectives
Please be reminded to fill in the formSelf-Assessment on the Objectives
for this module The form can be found in the first part
of this course documentation
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End of ModuleNACC for Inter BSS and Inter RAT
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14All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010Module 4
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Blank Page
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First editionEljaafari, Mohamed2009-03-3001
RemarksAuthorDateEdition
Document History
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Module Objectives
Upon completion of this module, you should be able to:
Describe the purpose of the "Tandem Free Operation (TFO) for AMR-NB"feature and its Telecom and O&M impacts
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Module Objectives [cont.]
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Table of Contents
Switch to notes view!Page
1 What Is the Purpose of this Feature? 71.1 TFO Implementation Prior to B11 8
1.2 Prior to B11 91.3 Principle in B11 10
2 How Does It Work? 112.1 Do You Remember AMR-NB? 122.2 TFO Negotiation and Decision Algorithm 142.3 AMR Codec Adaptation with TFO 16
2.3.1 UL Downgrading 172.3.2 DL Downgrading 182.3.3 UL Upgrading 192.3.4 DL Upgrading 20
2.4 TFO AMR-NB vs TFO Rel.99 213 What Are the Telecom Impacts? 22
3.1 TFO Interoperability with TrFO 23
3.1.1 2G-2G Interoperability 243.1.2 2G-3G Interoperability 283.2 TFO Interoperability with UMTS 29
4 What Are the O&M Impacts? 304.1 Configuration Management 314.2 Performance Management 32
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Table of Contents [cont.]
Switch to notes view!
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1 What Is the Purpose of this Feature?
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1 What Is the Purpose of this Feature?
1.1 TFO Implementation Prior to B11
Do you remember the TFO implementation before B11?Select the correct statements.
In B10, the AMR-NB and TFO are not supported together by the Alcatel-Lucent BSS
Alcatel-Lucent provides TFO since B7 for legacy Codecs and since B10 for AMR-WB
Calls established with AMR-NB will either stay in AMR with tandeming or use TFO
TFO implementation in B7 is aligned with 3GPP Rel.99 version of TFO. The MS shouldbe R99
TFO is a prerequisite for AMR-WB. AMR-WB does not make sense without TFO
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1 What Is the Purpose of this Feature?
1.2 Prior to B11
Before B11, the AMR-NB and TFO features were not supportedtogether by the Alcatel-Lucent BSS. Only TFO for legacy codecs (EFR,
FR & HR) is supported since release B7 and since B10 for AMR-WB.Therefore, in case of AMR-NB, TFO cannot be used, hence a degradedvoice quality (3 transcoding stages). The issue is tandeming in NGN:G711oIP requires high bandwidth.
MS 1 MS 2
BSS 1 BSS 2
TC1
TC2
MSCserver
MSCserver
AMR-NB AMR-NB G711 G711G711 over IP
IP
AMR-NB AMR-NB
NoTFO
NoTFO
G711oIPrequires
highbandwidth
DegradedSpeech Quality
due to 3 transcodingstages
MG MG
TFO Implemented in B7
TFO implementation in B7 is aligned with 3GPP Rel.99 version of TFO.
There is no impact on the MS.
TFO is possible with FR, EFR, HR.
TFO is NOT possible with AMR-NB.
Force_TFO_vs_AMR option: Depending on the preference given by the operator, calls established with
AMR-NB will:
either stay in AMR, with tandeming.
or go to TFO, with FR, EFR or HR.
A simple algorithm is used with TFO for codec negotiation:
If both sides support EFR, use EFR, else If both sides support FR, use FR, else
Use HR.
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1 What Is the Purpose of this Feature?
1.3 Principle in B11
In release B11, the TFO feature can be used together with AMR-NB.TFO provides a better voice quality by avoiding unnecessary
successive coding and decoding operations in the case of mobile-to-mobile calls. Furthermore, with the introduction of the NGN, TFO forall GSM codecs gets an important application that is related to thebandwidth saving aspects at the CN level.
MS 1 MS 2
BSS 1 BSS 2
TC1
TC2
MSCserver
MSCserver
IP
AMR-NB AMR-NB AMR-NB AMR-NBAMR-NB AMR-NB AMR-NB
TFO TFOTrFOAMR over IP
Transcoding FunctionsBypassed
High transmissionsavings in NGN
BetterSpeech Quality
MG MG
Transcoder Free Operation (TrFO) is a Core Network protocol, applicable to the NGN architecture.
TrFO allows to transport speech in the Core Network using GERAN/UTRAN codecs over IP, rather than
G.711. Advantages:
Gain in transmission bandwidth.
Gain in speech quality if the same codec is used over the complete path.
Contrarily to TFO, TrFO is out-of-band, i.e. negotiation is not done in the User Plane (embedded in speech
frames), but in the Control Plane, on a specific interface.
The AMR +TFO feature improves the speech quality of mobile-to-mobile calls and TFO-TrFO interaction in
the NGN core network.
AMR-WB without TFO does not make sense.
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2 How Does It Work?
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2 How Does It Work?
2.1 Do You Remember AMR-NB?
Do you remember the Codec Mode Adaptation Mechanism?Select the correct statements.
The BTS adapts the codec to the radio link condition among a subset of codecs
The TC adapts the codec to the radio link condition among a subset of codecs
With AMR-NB, maximum 4 codec modes are used for a given call
The same codec subset is used for both the Uplink and the Downlink
The codecs used in UL and used in DL can be different: the adaptation isindependent in each direction
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2 How Does It Work?
2.1 Do You Remember AMR-NB? [cont.]
Do you know the AMR-related vocabulary?Match each term from the list on the left to its correct definition from the list onthe right.
Active Codec Set (ACS)
Supported Codec Set (SCS)
Maximum Active CodecSet (MACS)
Initial Codec Mode (ICM)The list of codec modes usable for the ongoingcall
The list of all codec modes supported by theBSS for a given AMR codec
The maximum number of codec modessupported for the ongoing call
The codec mode to use in DL and UL at TCHactivation
Common Active Codec Set
(CACS)Common Supported Codec
Set (CSCS)Intersection of SCS on both sides
ACS used for TFO, based on ACS on both sides
Rule for implicit ICM:
If ACS contains 1 mode, then this shall be the Initial Codec Mode.
If ACS contains 2 or 3 modes, then the Initial Codec Mode shall be the most robust mode of the set (with
the lowest bit rate).
If ACS contains 4 modes, then the Initial Codec Mode shall be the second most robust mode of the set
(with the second lowest bit rate).
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2 How Does It Work?
2.2 TFO Negotiation and Decision Algorithm
The establishment of a TFOcall begins with a negotiation
phase. Each TFO partnerexchanges by means of TFOmessages (TFO_REQ,TFO_ACK) the local usedcodec type, the Active Codecmodes Set (ACS) and theSupported Codec modes Set(SCS). Each partner runs inthe TC a decision algorithm todecide if TFO can be
established and on whatcodec type and set of codecmodes.
LACS == DACS
FR HR Matching?
CalculateOACS and IACS
FR HR Optimization
OACS
IACS == OACS?
IACSsub-set of
OACS?
Change ACS toOACS (if supported)
TFO Establishmenton OACS
Codec ModeOptimization
Both radio legsuse or offer AMR-NB
ImmediateTFO Establishment
ImmediateTFO Establishment
Codec MismatchResolution
ImmediateTFO Establishment
Yes
No
Yes
No
No
Yes
Yes
NoYes
No
The decision algorithm is standardized by 3GPP:
LACS == DACS: Establishes immediate TFO if the local and distant ACS are identical. Example: Enableimmediate TFO establishment within one operator's homogeneous network. The operator's choice is always
acceptable and needs no optimization.
FR HR Matching: The goal is to enable immediate TFO between 3G channels and 2G FR and 2G HRchannels.
A Common ACS (CACS) is acceptable for immediate TFO establishment without consideration of the OACS if
all of the following conditions are fulfilled:
one radio leg uses FR_AMR or UMTS_AMR_2, the other uses HR_AMR [for AMR TFO].
the CACS is contiguous.
the CACS fulfills the acceptability rule.
FR HR Optimization: Takes place after immediate TFO establishment in the case of FR HRMatching. The FR_AMR-side adopts the ACS of the HR_AMR-side, if this ACS is supported and the
optimization mode allows an ACS change.
Codec Mismatch Resolution: A TFO connection with the currently used AMR codec types will not bepossible, but the remaining codec types have to be investigated.
Codec Type Optimization and Codec Mismatch resolution:
These procedures already exist up to B10 for the GSM EFR, FR and HR codec types. The principle
remains the same but with the specificities linked to AMR-NB. The codec mismatch resolution and
codec type optimization remain delegated to the BSC.
These procedures are optional and driven with the TFO_OPT and TFO_MATCH options. These options
control the overall TFO behavior. They are independent from the codec types or codec modes
involved in the TFO call.
It is not foreseen to support the AMR configuration with optimization allowed, so an ACS change cannotoccur.
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2 How Does It Work?
2.2 TFO Negotiation and Decision Algorithm [cont.]
The FR-HR matching allows to establish TFO immediately in case one side usesFR_AMR and the other HR_AMR. Here is an example of FR-HR matching: One sideuses FR_AMR with a Maximum of Active Codec mode Set of 4 (MACS), the other
side HR_AMR uses a MACS of 3 codec modes. It is possible to establish ImmediateTFO on IACS and on FR-HR matching. But no further optimization is done.Select the codec modes used within CSCS, OACS and IACS.
Codecmode SCS ACS ACS SCSIACS OACS CSCS
12.20
7.95
6.70
5.15
10.20
7.40
5.90
4.75
The decision algorithm is standardized by 3GPP:
LACS == DACS: Establishes immediate TFO if the local and distant ACS are identical. Example: Enableimmediate TFO establishment within one operator's homogeneous network. The operator's choice is always
acceptable and needs no optimization.
FR HR Matching: The goal is to enable immediate TFO between 3G channels and 2G FR and 2G HRchannels.
A Common ACS (CACS) is acceptable for immediate TFO establishment without consideration of the OACS if
all of the following conditions are fulfilled:
one radio leg uses FR_AMR or UMTS_AMR_2, the other uses HR_AMR [for AMR TFO].
the CACS is contiguous.
the CACS fulfills the acceptability rule.
FR HR Optimization: Takes place after immediate TFO establishment in the case of FR HRMatching. The FR_AMR-side adopts the ACS of the HR_AMR-side, if this ACS is supported and the
optimization mode allows an ACS change.
Codec Mismatch Resolution: A TFO connection with the currently used AMR codec types will not bepossible, but the remaining codec types have to be investigated.
Codec Type Optimization and Codec Mismatch resolution:
These procedures already exist up to B10 for the GSM EFR, FR and HR codec types. The principle
remains the same but with the specificities linked to AMR-NB. The codec mismatch resolution and
codec type optimization remain delegated to the BSC.
These procedures are optional and driven with the TFO_OPT and TFO_MATCH options. These options
control the overall TFO behavior. They are independent from the codec types or codec modes
involved in the TFO call.
It is not foreseen to support the AMR configuration with optimization allowed, so an ACS change cannotoccur.
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GERAN BSS B10-B11 Telecom EvolutionBSS B10-B11 Telecom Evolutions Tandem Free Operation with AMR-NB
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2 How Does It Work?
2.3 AMR Codec Adaptation with TFO
The Codec mode adaptation is performed independently on eachdirection. But for one direction, the same codec mode is used
from one MS to the other MS.
Codec mode adaptation is always performed for the side havingthe worst radio conditions.
The codec mode used in one direction may be different from the one used in the other direction. But
for one direction, the same codec mode is used from one MS to the other MS.
The same codec mode is used for each leg.
Example:
From MS1 in UL to MS2 in DL, AMR-NB 12.2 kbit/s
From MS2 in UL to MS1 in DL, AMR-NB 5.9 kbit/s
The codec mode adaptation is performed independently on each direction. But in one direction, thecodec mode adaptation is triggered by both radio interfaces.
Codec mode adaptation is always done for the side having the worst radio conditions.
The principle for codec mode adaptation in ongoing TFO is that the BTS controlling the MS always takesthe final decision to upgrade or downgrade its local uplink direction. This BTS sends the Codec ModeCommand downlink.
The Codec Mode Request for the local uplink direction is taken directly into account and the effectivedelay is not higher than in normal connections.
The Codec Mode Request from the remote side in the remote downlink direction is also taken intoaccount, but it becomes active with a reaction time increased by the round trip delay between bothBTSs.
Upgrading is possible only if both radio links in one direction (first uplink then downlink) are goodenough.
Downgrading is necessary if one (or both) radio link(s) is(are) not good enough.
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Section 1 Module 4 Page 17
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3JK11696AAAAWBZZA Issue 1.0
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010
GERAN BSS B10-B11 Telecom EvolutionBSS B10-B11 Telecom Evolutions Tandem Free Operation with AMR-NB
1 4 17
2.3 AMR Codec Adaptation with TFO
2.3.1 UL Downgrading
MS1 BTS1 TRAU1 TRAU2 BTS2 MS2
The BTS detectsa bad uplink quality
CMC: new codec(lower rate)
The MS1 usesimmediately
the new codec
CMI: new codec CMI:new codec CMI:
new codec CMI:new codec CMI:
new codec
TFO establishment with original codec
TFO establishment with new codec
The codec mode used in one direction may be different from the one used in the other direction. But
for one direction, the same codec mode is used from one MS to the other MS.
The same codec mode is used for each leg.
Example:
From MS1 in UL to MS2 in DL, AMR-NB 12.2 kbit/s
From MS2 in UL to MS1 in DL, AMR-NB 5.9 kbit/s
The codec mode adaptation is performed independently on each direction. But in one direction, thecodec mode adaptation is triggered by both radio interfaces.
Codec mode adaptation is always done for the side having the worst radio conditions.
The principle for codec mode adaptation in ongoing TFO is that the BTS controlling the MS always takesthe final decision to upgrade or downgrade its local uplink direction. This BTS sends the Codec ModeCommand downlink.
The Codec Mode Request for the local uplink direction is taken directly into account and the effectivedelay is not higher than in normal connections.
The Codec Mode Request from the remote side in the remote downlink direction is also taken intoaccount, but it becomes active with a reaction time increased by the round trip delay between bothBTSs.
Upgrading is possible only if both radio links in one direction (first uplink then downlink) are goodenough.
Downgrading is necessary if one (or both) radio link(s) is(are) not good enough.
-
7/25/2019 Tmo18090d0sgdeni2.0 Complete b10 b11
116/214
Section 1 Module 4 Page 18
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010
3JK11696AAAAWBZZA Issue 1.0
All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2010
GERAN BSS B10-B11 Telecom EvolutionBSS B10-B11 Telecom Evolutions Tandem Free Operation with AMR-NB
1 4 18
2.3 AMR Codec Adaptation with TFO
2.3.2 DL Downgrading
MS1 BTS1 TRAU1 TRAU2 BTS2 MS2
TFO establishment with original codec
The MSdetects a bad
downlink quality
CMR:
new codec(lower rate)
The BTSdecides to adaptdownlink codec
CMR: new codec
CMC: new codec
The MS2 usesimmediately
the new codecCMI:
new codec
TFO establishment with new codec
CMR:new codec CMR:
new codec
CMI:new codecCMI:
new codecCMI:new codecCMI:new codec
The codec mode used in one direction may be different from the one used in the other direction. But
for one direction, the same codec mode is used from one MS to the other MS.
The same codec mode is used for each leg.
Example:
From MS1 in UL to MS2 in DL, AMR-NB 12.2 kbit/s
From MS2 in UL to MS1 in DL, AMR-NB 5.9 kbit/s
The codec mode adaptation is performed independently on each direction. But in one direction, theco