TLI 2012: Groundnut breeding - Tanzania
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Transcript of TLI 2012: Groundnut breeding - Tanzania
TL-I Groundnut Breeding Status Report, Tanzania – May 2012
O.Mponda, E. Monyo, E. Kafiriti, J. Mfaume, H. Daudi, P. Mashamba
Presented at Annual Meeting - Tropical Legumes I-Phase 2 Generation Challenge Programme 7-11
May 2012, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Research Team at Naliendele, Tanzania
• Dr. O. Mponda –Principal Collaborator, Lead Scientist and Zonal Res Coord• Dr. Elly Kafiriti – Agronomist and Zonal Director • Philipo Mashamba – MSc student under TL1• Juma Mfaume – Breeder ( MSc TL-II support)• Happy Daudi – MSc student under COSTECH – Government support• Athanas Minja – MSc student under McKnight CCRP Support• Joseph Nzunda – Agronomist (BSc)• Joane Kasuga – PAFO - Pathology• Charles Mkandawile – PAFO - Breeding• David Ndolelwa – AFO – Breeding
• Support staff• Masud Rashid - Driver
• Collaborators – Sister NARS Ukiriguru, Tumbi, Selian, Makutopora• District Councils – Extension officers and farmers
Oilseeds and Grain Legumes Research Programme/Projects activities – NARI Tanzania
• Phase II-Tropical Legumes I – Groundnut Molecular Breeding• Phase II-Tropical legumes II – Groundnut Breeding and seed
systems project.• Phase II Mcknight CCRP Groundnut Breeding and aflatoxin
project TZ and MW– Innovative Communication Media and Methods – ICMM Project TZ
and MW• Mcknight CCRP Bambara Research Project TZ,MW and MZ• African Dry land Alliance for Plant Pesticides Technologies
(ADAPPT)- 8 countries in Africa • EU 9th EDF- funded ICART –SADC Sesame Project
Groundnut Research History in Tanzania
• Groundnut research in Tanzania was started in early 1950s, at Nachingwea and Kongwa to support the then Overseas Food Corporation (OFC) groundnut scheme after WWII
• Groundnut scheme failed in late 1950s and at Nachingwea added crop research on soybean, sesame
• After independence in 1961 to 1970s research on groundnuts lacked cohesion
• In 1978 Oilseeds research Project was started and included groundnuts, sesame and sunflower.
• 11 varieties of groundnuts have been released to date
Groundnut producing regions in Tanzania
Groundnuts Production-Tanzania
Cropped Area (2008-10 avg)
Production(2008-10 avg)
Av. Yield (2008-10 avg) (A)
Potential yield (B)
Realizable Yield (C)
Yield Gap (C-A)
million ha million tonnes Kg/Ha Kg/Ha Kg/Ha Kg/Ha
0.54 0.39 721.38 3,000 1500 778.62
Groundnuts Crop yields kg/ha (FAOSTAT 2009)
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
1990
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
2008
Key constraintsConstraint Groundnuts
Abiotic Drought, poor soil fertility, poor agronomic practices
Biotic Rosette , rust , Early Leaf Spots, Late Leaf Spots,Groundnut hopper – Hilda patruelis
Socio-Econ Seed availability, Aflatoxin contamination, Inadequate value addition and agro-processing activities ,
Inadequate extension officers for groundnuts/legumes
TLI Groundnut Breeding visitors Tanzania 2011-12
• International• Dr Xavier Delannay visited Naliendele in Dec 2011 to follow up irrigation
system and held discussion with Agro-Rain Contractors.• Dr. E. Monyo visited Naliendele in December 2011and February 2012 • Dr. Hannibal Muhtar AGRICON International Inc. visited Naliendele on 25-
28 March 2012 to follow-up irrigation system
• National Government Officials• Permanent Secretary Ministry of Agriculture• Director of research and Development MAFSC• COSTECH Supporting funds for seed production 10 block – BOQ in and
tendering progress• M and E Team from the Ministry• Media TBC
Trial SitesRust phenotypingtrial
Naliendele
phenotyping for rosette
Naliendele
PVS trials TLI limked to TL-II (ELS, Rust, Rosette
Southern – Masasi and Nanyumbu
TLI trials 2011-12
Data sets• Phenotyping for rust – at the station• Phenotyping for rosettes – at the station• On-station PVS – 3 sets at 2 sites:
Status • The trials planted in February they are maturity but not harvested. • Disease score data completed 3 times • Next Analysis of disease score data• 2 years data will now be available from which we can conclude.
• On-farm PVS – status• Disease score data collected• Some entries showing evidence of resistance• Resistance Vs pod/kernel size – market traits
New sources of resistance from Reference under PVS
• Rust: ICGV 02194, ICG 11426, ICGV 01276, ICGV 02286, and ICG 02446
• Rosette: ICG 14705, ICG 13099, ICG 9449, and ICG 15405
• ELS in ESA; ICG 6022, ICG 405, ICG 14466, ICG 6057, ICG 9449 and ICG 12509
Galaxy tablet - Comments
• Positive-You spend less time to organize data before analysis
• Negative - It has no simple way of making back- up in the field e.g. use of flash drive.
• Add comments: There are a lot of third part applications such us internet, but there not configured, thus able to access internet.
• Recommended for use
IB Field Books
• Still at learning stage• Need more trainings
TL-I Infrastructure development/upgrading skills
MSc.training - Mashamba Philipo - MScSUA since Sept 2011
2 Techn will receive training in Data quality by June 2012
Juma Mfaume trained in statistics by April 2012
Irrigation system: Electric Power line to the breeding plot and then to the borehole.The Tanzania Government will support expansion of irrigation area -10 for Breeder seed multiplication –BOQ and tendering in progress
Equipments: Portable weather station,Leaf area meter, Spad Meter, screen house Work area renovation, fridges, digital camera,Laptop computer
Achievements 40 crosses introgressing
new sources of, rust and GRD, drought resistance 2010/11
28 crosses made introgressing drought and aflatoxin resistance 2011-12
F1 from these crosses are being advanced F2 …
300 genotypes Reference set evaluated for rust and (2 years data)
F4 SPS 2010 Reference collection evaluated rosette
132 varieties evaluated for yield and adaptability and farmer market traits (18 sets of trials)
• Release new 5 vars in 2009 and identified new sources of resistance to foliar diseases,
• Researchers and technicians trained -Viable succession plan built within the programme
• Program activities executed efficiently and timely – no delays in fund disbursements
• Irrigation system coming to completion
Challenges
• Irrigation system delays-now being finalized
• Inadequate computers-Old computers,
• Inadequate transport –Only McKnight CCRP vehicle in use.
• Inadequate research funds
General • Inadequate support for
value addition and agro-processing activities in the groundnut growing regions – Demand Pull
• Inadequate extension officers for groundnuts/legumes
Acknowledgements
• We greatly acknowledge TL-I GCP and ICRISAT for their support
Thank you