Tlb Feuerverzinkt Stahlb E 20022012

voestalpine Stahl GmbH

www.voestalpine.com/stahl

Hot-dip galvanized steel stripTechnical Terms of Delivery

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Contents

Introduction 5

Hot-dip galvanized steel strip with zinc coating 6

Steel grades 6

Mild steels for cold forming 6

Structural steels 12

High-strength steels for cold forming 16

Micro-alloyed steels 17

Bake-hardening steels 22

High-strength IF steels 24

Dual-phase steels 28

Complex-phase steels 33

TRIP steels 35

Zinc coating groups 38

Surface 39

Surface of the zinc coating 39

Surface quality 39

Surface type 40

Subsequent surface treatment 41

Available dimensions 42

Inspection and Testing 43

Test unit 43

Sample-taking 43

Performance of tests 43

Repeat tests 44

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2Processing information 45

Forming 45

Joining 45

Thermal rating 46

Suitability for the application of coatings 46

General notes 47

Fretting corrosion 47

Darkening 47

Formation of white rust 47

Flatness 48

Hot-dip galvanized steel strip with zinc/iron-coating (Galvannealed) 49

Steel grades 49

ZF coating groups 50

Surface 51

Surface quality 51

Surface type 51


Available dimensions 53

Inspection and Testing 54

Processing information 55

Joining 55

Forming 55

Suitability for the application of coatings 55

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General notes 56

Fretting corrosion 56

Formation of white rust 56

Hot-dip galvanized steel strip with zinc magnesium coating 57

Steel grades 57

ZM coating groups 58

Terms of delivery 59

Surface 72


Application and processing instructions 73

Appendix 74

Pertinent standards 74

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Introduction

Hot-dip galvanized steel strip is a hot-dip refined product with Zn, ZnMg or ZnFe coating on both

sides. The corresponding short forms are Z, ZM and ZF.

Hot-dip refining is based on a modified Sendzimir process. This is a high-integration manufacturing

process that consists of the following main process steps: Cleaning the full-hard strip (dry cleaning

and/or cleaning with easy reducing furnace atmosphere), recrystallizing annealing, coating by dip-

ping into a fusion-liquid bath and adjustment of the thickness with air or nitrogen blow-off, finishing

and/or straightening by stretching for the adjustment of mechanical properties, surface and flatness,

post-treatment, inspection and marking. All these processes run in continuous operation mode with

a continuous steel strip.

These Technical Terms of Delivery apply to hot-dip galvanized strip made of

p Mild steels for cold forming,

p Structural steels and

p High-strength steels suitable for cold forming.

These terms of delivery are to provide information to the customer on the production program of our

hot-dip galvanizing lines at the Linz site and serve as a guideline for ordering and processing. In accor-

dance with these Technical Terms of Delivery, hot-dip coated and galvanized steel strip complies with

generally applicable guidelines as described in the pertinent standards. You will find a comparison of

the standards in the Appendix.

Market requirements have reached a degree of complexity with regard to applications that would far

exceed the limitations of these Terms of Delivery if every detail were taken into account. For this rea-

son we ask that you address any questions to your respective commercial or technical contact partner.

They will ensure that you receive an adequate answer.

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Hot-dip galvanized steel strip with zinc coating

Steel grades

The following contains a general description of the available steel grades and their respective areas

of application.The chemical constitution depends on the selected steel grade and is available upon

request. The mechanical properties, the available coatings and surfaces can be found in the respec-

tive tables.

Mild steels for cold forming

DX51D (machine crimping quality)

is suitable for the production of simple shapes such as trapezoid shapes and corrugated iron sheets as

well as for simple manual forming procedures.

DX52D (drawing quality)

can be considered for complex sections, embossing and drawn components.

DX53D (deep-drawing quality)

is used for medium requirements on formability such as deep drawing.

DX54D (special deep-drawing quality)

is designed for the special requirements of formability and deep drawability.

DX56D (special deep-drawing quality)

is designed for the most demanding forming requirements.

DX57D (extra special deep-drawing quality)

was developed for extremely high forming behavior requirements, in particular for extreme deep-

drawing strain and for the manufacturing of complicated press parts in rapid processing and highly

automated press lines.

The DX51D, DX52D, DX53D, DX54D, DX56D and DX57D steel grades are delivered according to

their mechanical properties. The values for the mechanical properties apply for a period of

p One month for steel grades DX51D and DX52D from the time they are made ready for dispatch

p Six months for steel grades DX53D, DX54D, DX56D and DX57D from the time they are made ready

for dispatch

Alternatively, agreement can be made on specific material properties for the manufacture of a parti-

cular component.

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2Mechanical properties 1)

Mild steels for cold forming

Steel grade 0.2% Yield point 2) Rp 0.2

[MPa]

Tensile strength Rm

[MPa]

Fracture elongation 4) A80 [%] min.

Vertical anisotropy 5) 6)

r

min.

Work hardening exponent 5)

n10 20 (UE) min.

Zinc coating group

DX51D - 270 500 22 - - Z 70 Z 600 7)

DX52D 140 300 3) 270 420 26 - - Z 70 Z 600 7)

DX53D 140 260 270 380 30 - - Z 70 Z 600 7)

DX54D 120 220 260 350 36 1.6 0.18 Z 70 Z 275

DX56D 120 180 260 350 39 1.9 5) 0.21 Z 70 Z 275

DX57D 120 170 260 350 41 2.1 5) 0.22 Z 70 Z 275

1) Values transverse to rolling direction.

2) If the yield point is pronounced, the lower yield point ReL applies.

3) This value applies only to re-rolled products (MB and MC surfaces).

4) Minimum fracture elongation values are minimized by 2 units for product thicknesses of 0.7 mm.

5) Warranty values for r are minimized by 0.2 for product thicknesses of > 1.5 mm and for product thicknesses of > 2.0 mm by 0.4.

6) Values for r are minimized by 0.2 for product thicknesses of > 0.7 mm and n by 0.01.

7) Coating profiles above Z 275 available upon request.

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2Available dimensions

DX51D, DX52D

Available dimensions mild steels for cold forming

Ordered strip width (mm)

Ordered strip thickness (mm)

800700 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 1600

0.00

0.50

1.00

1.50

2.00

2.50

3.00

3.50

4.00

MC surface for automotive industry not possible.

The graphics refer to thickness values with symmetrical thickness tolerances.

The maximum width is reduced by 20 mm if the width tolerance is limited or if the edge is cut.

Please contact our sales departments for widths below 900 mm (production scheduling for

center slitting and longitudinal slitting lines).

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DX53D


800700 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 1600

0.00

0.50

1.00

1.50

2.00

2.50

3.00

3.50

4.00



MC surface up to a maximum of 1.2 mm in thickness not possible for automotive industry.





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DX54D, DX56D, DX57D


800700 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 1600

0.00

0.50

1.00

1.50

2.00

2.50

3.00

3.50

4.00








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2Freedom of flow lines

It may be necessary to reroll the products in order to avoid the formation of flow lines during cold

rolling. The tendency toward the formation of flow lines can occur once again after some time, for

which reason it is in the interest of the user to process the products as soon as possible. Freedom of

flowing figures on MB and MC surfaces is maintained for the following duration after the material

has been made ready for dispatch:

p One month for steel grades DX51D and DX52D

p Six months for steel grades DX53D, DX54D, DX56D and DX57D

Coil break freedom

Rerolling or straightening through product stretching may be necessary for specific coil break freedom

requirements. The order must specify any coil break freedom requirement.

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2Structural steels

Structural steels are supplied with guaranteed minimum yield strengths in steel grades S220GD

through S350GD. These steel grades are suitable for all easy forming procedures such as crimping,

edging and profiling. They are not, however, intended for stresses such as those caused by deep

drawing. Depending on the strength class, the increased tendency toward elastic recovery during

the adjustment of machinery must be taken into consideration. Formability may be diminished

when these grades are stored for a longer period of time. Prompt processing after the material has

been made ready for dispatch is in the interest of the customer. The order must specify any coil

break freedom requirement.

Mechanical properties 1)

Structural steels


[MPa]

Tensile strength 3) Rm

[MPa] min.


Zinc coating group

S220GD 220 300 20 Z 70 Z 600 5)

S250GD 250 330 19 Z 70 Z 600 5)

S280GD 280 360 18 Z 70 Z 600 5)

S320GD 320 390 17 Z 70 Z 600 5)

S350GD 350 420 16 Z 70 Z 600 5)

1) Values longitudinal to rolling direction.

2) The upper yield point ReH applies when the yield point is pronounced.

3) A maximum range of 140 MPa can be calculated for the upper limit of tensile strength.

4) Minimum fracture elongation values are minimized by 2 units for product thicknesses of 0.7 mm.


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S220GD, S250GD, S280GD

Available dimensions structural steels

800700 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 1600

0.00

0.50

1.00

1.50

2.00

2.50

3.00

3.50

4.00








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S320GD


800700 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 1600

0.00

0.50

1.00

1.50

2.00

2.50

3.00

3.50

4.00








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S350GD



800700 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 1600

0.00

0.50

1.00

1.50

2.00

2.50

3.00

3.50

4.00







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2High-strength steels for cold forming

In addition to the mild steels, high-strength steel grades with yield strengths ranging from 160 to 500

MPa are available and are suitable for cold forming with less forming stress as well as for very difficult

forming procedures. Based on specifically coordinated steel analyses and production conditions, vari-

ous series of steel grades are available that lend themselves, depending on the steel grade, to specific

applications, particularly in the automotive industry. The higher yield point and the excellent forming

properties provide a significant potential for weight reduction.

The chemical composition of the substrate is adapted to the welding properties and is available

upon request. The maximum concentrations of base material elements correspond to the limit

values determined in EN 10346 for the respective grades (tables available in the Appendix).

The guaranteed mechanical parameters listed in the following sections are applicable to tests in

transverse direction to rolling. The mechanical parameters apply for a time period of three months

for all steels with guaranteed bake-hardening effect and six months for all other high-strength steel

grades from the time they are made ready for dispatch. Freedom of flow lines is guaranteed for this

period of time for Surface Type C orders. This does not apply to micro-alloyed steels.

The yield strength increased by the heat effect (so-called bake-hardening effect) is determined in

accordance with DIN EN 10325.

It can generally be assumed that increasing yield stress and decreasing sheet thickness lead to a

tendency towards necking, wrinkling and tears as a consequence of forming, which also leads to

form inaccuracy as a result of elastic recovery. In contrast with mild steels, the forming conditions

must be adjusted to the respective steel grade.

If the steel grades listed in the following sections do not fulfill customer requirements, please send a

material inquiry. Many high-strength steel grades are still being developed. More innovative develop-

ments will make additional steel grades available that have not yet been included in these Technical

Terms of Delivery.

Some of these steel grades have already been included in these Technical Terms of Delivery for infor-

mation purposes only. Such products are delivered following technical review upon request.

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2Micro-alloyed steels

Refined micro-alloyed steels with a guaranteed yield strength of between 260 and 500 MPa cover

the upper range of the conventional high-strength steel grade series and are suitable for moderate to

medium forming stress.

Steel grades HX260LAD through HX500LAD are generally based on the stability-increasing effect

of micro-alloyed additions (niobium or niobium with titanium). Grain refinement, age hardening and

the alloying of further strength-increasing elements, essentially manganese, are implemented in or-

der to achieve the desired strength.

The main areas of application for micro-alloyed steels are structural components in the automotive

industry such as safety-related elements in the passenger compartment, side members or bumpers.

Micro-alloyed steels are also excellently suited for the manufacturing of high-strength special

sections. Upon special request, micro-alloyed hot-dip galvanized steel grades can be used as an

alternative in guaranteeing the mechanical parameters in longitudinal direction. In this case the

guaranteed range of yield strength correspondingly shifts to a lower range by around 20 MPa. The

tensile strength values also change to lower values for longitudinal samples by around 10 MPa. The

guaranteed value for fracture elongation is correspondingly raised by 1%.


Micro-alloyed steels


[MPa]

Tensile strength 3) Rm

[MPa] min.


Zinc coating group

HX260LAD 260 330 350 430 26 Z 70 Z 600 4)

HX300LAD 300 380 380 480 23 Z 70 Z 600 4)

HX340LAD 340 420 410 510 21 Z 70 Z 600 4)

HX380LAD 380 480 440 560 19 Z 70 Z 600 4)

HX420LAD 420 520 470 590 17 Z 70 Z 600 4)

HX460LAD 460 560 500 640 15 Z 70 Z 275

HX500LAD 500 620 530 690 13 Z 70 Z 275


2) The lower yield point ReL applies when the yield point is pronounced.

3) Lower minimum values by two percent are permissible for thicknesses of 0.7 mm


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HX260LAD, HX300LAD, HX340LAD

Available dimensions micro-alloyed steels

800700 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 1600

0.00

0.50

1.00

1.50

2.00

2.50

3.00

3.50

4.00








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HX380LAD, HX420LAD


800700 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 1600

0.00

0.50

1.00

1.50

2.00

2.50

3.00

3.50

4.00








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HX460LAD


800700 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 1600

0.00

0.50

1.00

1.50

2.00

2.50

3.00

3.50

4.00








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HX500LAD


Available dimensions upon request.

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2Bake-hardening steels

By fine-tuning alloy compositions and adapting process parameters it is possible to produce hot-dip

coated bake-hardening steels that are characterized by their significant increase in yield strength

in the course of paint baking (bake-hardening effect). This increase in yield strength in the series of

steels from HX180BD to HX300BD is achieved by ensuring that a defined amount of carbon remains

dissolved in the steel.This carbon is released during heat treatment in the course of paint baking,

which leads to an increase in strength.

The hot-dip coated bake-hardening steels are also characterized by a very high degree of forma-

bility, which makes possible a wide range of applications in the manufacture of bodies in white.

Depending on the forming stress, the entire range of yield strengths can be used in interior compo-

nents for bodies in white. The HX180BD and HX220BD steel grades are also especially suitable for

exterior bodies in white because the bake-hardening effect in these steels when compared to mild

steels yields significantly improved dent resistance.


Bake-hardening steels


[MPa]

Tensile strength

Rm [MPa]

Fracture elongation 3)

A80 min. [%]

Vertical anisotropy

r min.

Work hardening exponent n10 20 (UE)

min.

Bake- hardening value BH2 [MPa] min.

Zinc coating group

HX180BD 180 240 290 360 34 1.5 0.16 35 Z 70 Z 200

HX220BD 220 280 320 400 32 1.2 0.15 35 Z 70 Z 200

HX260BD 260 320 360 440 28 - - 35 Z 70 Z 200

HX300BD 300 360 400 480 26 - - 35 Z 70 Z 200



3) Lower minimum values by two percent are permissible for thicknesses of 0.7 mm.

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HX180BD, HX220BD, HX260BD, HX300BD

Available dimensions bake-hardening steels

800700 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 1600

0.00

0.50

1.00

1.50

2.00

2.50

3.00

3.50

4.00








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2High-strength IF steels

Hot-dip coated, higher-strength, interstitial-free steels are based on a vacuum-decarburized IF base

material stabilized with Ti and/or Nb, which leads to an ideal condition for extremely difficult forming

procedures with deep-drawing stresses. The adjustment of the required ranges of strength is carried

out by alloying P and Mn in the course of solid-solution strengthening. This basic IF analysis lends

this group of steel grades higher values of vertical anisotropy (r value) when compared to other steel

grades of similar strength. This vertical anisotropy value is an important parameter for deep-drawing

strain. The high r values in diagonal direction lead to a certain degree of isotropic behavior during the

forming of this series of steel grades.

The main area of application for high-strength interstitial-free steels is found in formed automotive

components, such as in the interior wheel arch, side members that are difficult to form, or in bottom

plates in the area of the tunnel. For this reason, profiling applications seem to be less sensible because

no deep-drawing stress occurs.


High-strength IF steels

Steel grade 0.2% Yield point Rp 0.2

[MPa]

Tensile strength Rm

[MPa]


A80 [%] min.

Vertical anisotropy 3)

r min.


min.

Zinc coating group

HX160YD 160 220 300 360 37 1.9 0.20 Z 70 Z 200

HX180YD 180 240 330 390 34 1.7 0.18 Z 70 Z 200

HX220YD 220 280 340 420 32 1.5 0.17 Z 70 Z 200

HX260YD 260 320 380 440 30 1.4 0.16 Z 70 Z 200

HX300YD 300 360 390 470 27 1.3 0.15 Z 70 Z 200



3) The guaranteed value is minimized by 0.2 units for product thicknesses > 1.5 mm.

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HX160YD, HX180YD, HX220YD

Available dimensions higher-strength IF steels


800700 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 1600

0.00

0.50

1.00

1.50

2.00

2.50

3.00

3.50

4.00







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HX260YD



800700 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 1600

0.00

0.50

1.00

1.50

2.00

2.50

3.00

3.50

4.00







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HX300YD



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2Dual-phase steels

Dual-phase steels consist of a multi-phase base material microstructure of which the main com-

ponents are ferrite (8090%) and martensite (1020%). Other phases may be included in smaller

amounts.

The special characteristic of dual-phase steels is that particularly low yield ultimate ratios can be ob-

tained with high ultimate tensile strengths. As related to the high level of tensile strength, high de-

grees of fracture elongation and hardening exponents can also be achieved. Because of pronounced

offset strain hardening, particularly at the beginning of forming, dual-phase steels are especially

predestined for forming stress in the stretch forming area. An additional positive characteristic is the

achievable bake-hardening effect, which leads to an additional increase in the yield strength after

forming during paint baking.

Based on the characteristic property profile of dual-phase steels, this series of steel grades is especially

suitable for crash-relevant structural parts such as side members, crossmembers, and stiffeners for A,

B or C columns. Dual-phase steels demonstrate special potential in significantly contributing to weight

reduction as well as increased passive safety in automotive structures.


Dual-phase steels


[MPa]

Tensile strength Rm

[MPa] min.


A80 [%] min.


min.

Bake-hardening value

BH2 [MPa] min.

Zinc coating group

HCT450X 260 340 450 27 0.16 30 Z 70 Z 200

HCT500X 300 380 500 23 0.15 30 Z 70 Z 200

HCT600X 340 420 600 20 0.14 30 Z 70 Z 200

HCT780X 450 560 780 14 - 30 Z 70 Z 200

HCT980X 4) 600 750 980 10 - 30 Z 70 Z 200




4) Available dimensions upon request.

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HCT450X

Available dimensions dual-phase steels

800700 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 1600



0.00

0.50

1.00

1.50

2.00

2.50

3.00

3.50

4.00

MC surface for automotive industry available upon request.





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HCT500X


800700 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 1600



0.00

0.50

1.00

1.50

2.00

2.50

3.00

3.50

4.00






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2

HCT600X


800700 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 1600

0.00

0.50

1.00

1.50

2.00

2.50

3.00

3.50

4.00








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2

HCT780X, HCT980X



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2Complex-phase steels

The availability of complex-phase steel grades with increased yield point and minimum tensile

strength is a meaningful addition to the dual-phase range of steels. These steel grades are defined

with minimum yield strengths from 780 to 980 MPa. The microstructure of these advanced high-

strength steels is characterized by the fact that the martensite particles are distributed in the soft

ferrite matrix, whereas bainite phases can also occur in addition to the martensite.

In comparison to the dual-phase steels, this series of steel grades is characterized by a higher yield

strength at the same tensile strength and thus a higher yield-strength ratio and a somewhat lower

possibility of guaranteeing certain levels of fracture elongation. The complex-phase steels are also

characterized by pronounced work-hardening behavior, even though this is not as noticeable as it is

with the dual-phase steels. The additional benefit that strength increases in the course of heat treat-

ment during paint baking, remains as it does in dual phase steels.

Structural parts with lower forming stress show higher yield strengths with this series of steel grades

in comparison to the dual-phase grades. This can be compensated through a simpler component

design aimed at increasing strength resulting from stronger deformation. Partially martensitic steels

are predestined for high-strength special sections and safety-related structural components with lo-

wer forming stresses.

This grade also lends itself well to the manufacture of foldable parts and roll-formed components.


Complex-phase steels


[MPa]

Tensile strength Rm

[MPa] min.

Fracture elongation A80 [%] min.

Bake-hardening value

BH2 [MPa] min.

Zinc coating group

HCT780C 2) 600 750 780 10 30 Z 70 Z 200

HCT980C 2) 800 950 980 6 30 Z 70 Z 200


2) Available dimensions upon request.

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HCT780C, HCT980C

Available dimensions complex-phase steels


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2TRIP steel

TRIP (transformation-induced plasticity) steels are comprised of a ferritic matrix (roughly 75%), bainite

(approximately 10%) and metastable residual austenite (up to 15%). The hard phase (bainite) and stabi-

lity of the austenite during forming influence the spectrum of mechanical properties.

Transformation-induced plasticity means that the metastable soft austenite is transformed into hard

martensite during plastic forming (deep drawing). This makes local constriction difficult and increases

the values for uniform elongation. This is the basis for the well-known excellent formability of TRIP

steels with high initial tensile strength of the respective basic strength. The increased bake-hardening

effect achieved by temperature treatment additionally increases the potential weight savings. This se-

ries of steel grades is available in two classes with minimum tensile strengths of 690 MPa and 780 MPa.

TRIP steels with 980 MPa are currently under development and can be delivered upon request. TRIP

steels are particularly suited to crash-relevant applications or safety parts with increased forming stress

in the manufacturing process.


TRIP steels



[MPa]

Tensile strength Rm

[MPa] min.

Fracture elongation

A80 min. [%]

Work hardening exponent

n10 20 (UE) [MPa] min.

Bake-hardening value BH2 [MPa] min.

Zinc coating group

HCT600T 400 520 600 25 - 40 Z 70 Z 200

HCT690T 430 550 690 23 0.18 40 Z 70 Z 200

HCT780T 470 600 780 21 0.16 40 Z 70 Z 200

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HCT600T, HCT690T

Available dimensions TRIP steels

800700 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 1600



0.00

0.50

1.00

1.50

2.00

2.50

3.00

3.50

4.00






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HCT780T

Available dimensions TRIP steels


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2Zinc coating groups

The available zinc coatings and their respective minimum values are shown in the following table.

The desired zinc coating group (corresponds to the zinc coating in g/m2 on both sides) is specified in

the order.

Zinc coating groupZinc coating in g/m2 on both sides min. Zinc coating thickness in m per side

Triple surface test Single surface test Typical value Area

Z 100 100 85 7 5 12

Z 140 140 120 10 7 15

Z 200 200 170 14 10 20

Z 225 225 195 16 11 22

Z 275 275 235 20 15 27

Z 350 350 300 25 19 33

Z 450 450 385 32 24 42

Z 600 600 510 42 32 55

Coating groups

A zinc coating of 100 g/m2 (on both sides) corresponds to a zinc layer thickness of approximately

7 m per side. The respective possibilities for delivery, depending on the steel grade, are shown in

the steel grade tables.

The Z350Z600 zinc coating group can only be delivered with an NA surface.

Special coatings are available upon request in special cases only.

Different zinc coating for each side (different degree of galvanization) can be delivered upon reque-

st. In the event of differential galvanizing, in consequence of production, the surface of the side with

the lesser amount of zinc coating may have a different appearance than the side with the greater

amount of zinc coating.

The zinc coating is monitored continuously by means of an x-ray fluorescent technique.

MortenHighlight

MortenHighlight

MortenHighlight

MortenHighlight

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2Surface

Zinc coating surface

The surface of the zinc coating is determined by the design, type and surface treatment. Hot-dip

galvanized steel strip Zn with surface NA and chemically passivated is delivered in the event the

order does not contain any additional information on the desired surface. Possible dimension-related

limitations with respect to the surface can be found in the limit curves.

The zinc coating does not include intentionally added lead concentrations (lead-free hot-dip galva-

nized strip). Finally, with respect to the environmental compatibility of the product, this measure was

implemented by voestalpine Stahl GmbH and excludes the delivery of hot-dip galvanized strip with

distinctive spangle formation (large spangles).

Surface quality

Normal quality (N)

Zinc crystals occur in varying brightness and size, depending on prevalent galvanizing conditions.

The usability of the product is not influenced by these crystals. The grade is delivered even if no pre-

ferences regarding surface quality are specified. We reserve the right to ship rerolled material.

Small spangle (M)

The surface shows small to macroscopic non-visible spangles caused by targeted influence on soli-

dification. The products may show a slightly different body structure on the surface from coil to coil

and as well as in one coil. Delivery of slightly rerolled strip in surface type MA (explicitly not desired

by the customer) must be specified in the order.

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2Surface type

There are three different surface types.

Typical surface A

Small pits, different spangle sizes, dark spots, stripe-shaped marks, and small passivation defects are

acceptable on this type of surface. Straightening and bending fractures and zinc runoff waves may

be visible.

Improved surface B

This type of surface is attained by rerolling. A small number of fractures in stretch forming direction,

finishing imprints, scratches, impressions, spangle structures, zinc runoff waves and slight passiva-

tion errors may occur on the inspected side. The uninspected side of the material must at least meet

the requirements of Surface Type A.

Best surface C

This type of surface is also attained by rerolling. The inspected side does not negatively impact the

uniform appearance of a paint coat. The other side of the material must at least meet the require-

ments of Surface Type B. Surface Type C is available for delivery up to a maximum of 1.5 mm.

Roughness

As a standard, Surface Types B and C are delivered with a medium roughness value ranging bet-

ween 0.6 and 1.9 m. Determination of the mean Ra roughness value is subject to a wavelength limit

of 2.5 mm in accordance with EN 10049 (standard length of 12.5 mm).

Where specially required, the delivery of limited roughness values may be specified. Special qualities

include smooth, half mat or mat.

Design Median roughness value Ra (m)

Standard 0.6 1.9

Special design: smooth 0.9 max.

Special design: half-mat 0.6 1.4

Special design: mat 1.0 1.9

Roughness

The desired quality must be specified in the order. Discussion of requirements with regard to surface

appearance is recommended when a smooth surface has been selected. Smooth surface with glossy

appearance (especially smooth) is subject to specification in the order.

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2Subsequent surface treatment

Hot-dip galvanized steel strip is delivered only with surface protection on account of the increased pro-

pensity toward white rust. The following surface treatment procedures are usual:

p Chromium-free passivated (C)

p Oiled (O)

p Chromium-free passivated and oiled (CO)

Chromium-free passivated (C)

To the extent not specifically agreed, hot-dip galvanized steel strip is delivered with normal sur-

faces (NA) with small spangles (MA) and chromium-free passivated. Local discoloration caused by

chromium-free passivation is permitted and does not negatively influence other quality properties.

Chromium-free passivation may influence further surface treatments carried out by the customer, for

example phosphating. Another surface treatment is recommended in such cases.

Oiled (O)

Surfaces MB and MC are usually delivered in oiled condition. The oil layer can be removed with

suitable zinc-sparing degreasing agents. Depending on the intended treatment stress, two different

standard coatings can be ordered: slightly oiled as a temporary form of corrosion protection and as

a forming aid for medium forming stress, oiled for very heavy forming stress. Although the oil is

distributed evenly, a certain degree of oil will invariably spread across the length and width of the

strip and some oil from heavily oiled strip will be shed from the surface during transportation and

storage. This is technically unavoidable.

Slightly oiled approx. 0.7 g/m2 per side

Oiled approx. 1.2 g/m2 per side

Oil amounts

Chromium-free passivated and oiled (CO)

This combination of surface treatment can be agreed upon where increased protection against white

rust or oiling as a means to aid in forming is required.

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Thickness [mm]

Width[mm]

Maximum outside diameter [mm]

Inner diameter roughly [mm] 3)

Coil weight [t] max.

0.45 3.5 600 800 2000 600 -

0.45 3.5 > 800 1) < 900 1) 2000 600 -

0.45 3.5 900 1600 2) 2000 600 32

Hot-dip galvanized steel strip in coils

Available dimensions

1) Width range between > 800 and < 900 mm only upon request.

2) With limited width tolerance of 1,580 mm max.

3) Inner diameter of 500 mm upon request.

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2Inspection and Testing

The products can be delivered with or without any test of compliance with the requirements of these

Technical Terms of Delivery and/or ordering standards.

Material test certificates

In the event a certificate is desired, one of the test certificates defined in EN 10204 is subject to agree-

ment at the time of the order.

Test unit

Specific tests are restricted to a test unit of 20 tons or a portion of 20 tons of hot-dip galvanized steel

strip of the same rolling unit. In the case of strip, a coil of more than 20 tons is considered as a test unit.

Scope of testing:

For each test unit, a series of tests is conducted to determine the following:

p Mechanical properties

p Coating adhesion

p Coating weight

Sample taking

Rolls from which samples are taken remain a constituent of the order. The right to select samples from

sheets is reserved by the employee responsible for the delivery certificate.

Performance of tests

Substrate testing

The tensile test is conducted in accordance with EN 10002-1 with samples of Form 2 (sample width

w = 20 mm, initial measured length L0 = 80 mm). Samples of mild steels, high-strength steels suita-

ble for cold forming and advanced high-strength steels are taken crosswise with respect to the di-

rection of rolling at a distance of at least 50 mm from the product edges. Structural steel samples are

taken in the longitudinal direction of rolling.

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2Zinc coating test

The zinc coating is generally determined in the course of a continuous and non-destructive test.

The zinc coating is generally determined in the course of a continuous and non-destructive test.

The following procedure is followed for special tests and in cases of arbitration. The samples for the

gravimetric test of the zinc coating are taken across the width of the strip (see Figure 1). The samples

can be round or square and must have a surface of at least 50 cm2. The gravimetric test is carried

out in accordance with the methods described in EN 10292, EN 10326, EN 10327 and EN 10336. The

weight of the zinc coating is determined during this test by chemical dissolution of three samples ta-

ken from an area of distribution across the width of the strip. The final value is the arithmetic mean

derived from the three surface samples. The lowest value from the three surface samples is the value

for the single surface sample.

Zinc adhesion test

Zinc coating adhesion is determined in a drop-ball impact test in accordance with SEP 1931/version

1991. Judgment is made based on a qualitative standard series, whereas the criterion of quality is

based on proper workability according to the respective application.

In cases of arbitration the zinc test is carried out by means of a bending test in accordance with

EURONORM 12. The diameter of the bending block or bending roll is applied in accordance with

Table 5. The bending angle is always 180. The sample legs are pressed together in such a manner

that the coating is not damaged.

Repeat tests

EN 10021 applies. Repeat tests on coils are carried out at a distance of at least one coil turn, however

from 20 meters at the most from the end of the strip.

50

5050

Strip width B

2b/ 2

b/

Figure 1: Gravimetric test

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2

Processing information

The following brief instructions are intended to provide assistance in processing hot-dip galvanized

steel strip. Our technical staff members are at your disposal to answer any of your questions.

Forming

Depending on the particular grade of hot-dip galvanized strip, it can be used for conventional for-

ming processes such as edging, bending, curling, flanging, stamping, crimping, roll-profiling, stretch

forming and deep drawing. The selection of materials depends on the demands on formability as well

as the final geometry and function of the work piece. The zinc coating and the surface are adapted to

the processing parameters. The properties of the zinc require that the drawing gap and the retraction

radius are enlarged in certain cases as compared to uncoated thin sheet. Altered flow behavior ma-

kes it necessary in some cases to adapt the hold-down force in forming processes.

Joining

Conventional thermal and mechanical joining and gluing processes are used as connecting tech-

niques, some of which, however, require adaptation of the processing parameters in order to take

into account special physical and chemical properties of the coatings. Hot-dip galvanized steel strip

is suitable for welding with common welding techniques. Special adjustment of the welding para-

meters and electrodes is necessary for this material when resistance welding (spot, projection or

stitch welding) is used. Thin zinc coatings simplify the welding process. The fumes generated during

welding should be exhausted. Corrosion protection in the welding area is optimized by means of a

suitable post-treatment process (such as zinc dust paint coating). Hot-dip galvanized sheet can be

soft-soldered or brazed. A metallically clean surface is a precondition that can be achieved with sui-

table fluxing agents. Proper filling of the joint is achieved with respective brazing metals. Corrosive

fluxing agents are to be carefully washed off after soldering. Mechanical joining techniques such as

screwing, riveting, crimping, flanging and clinching are not problematic and have the advantage that

they preserve the surface and maintain the anticorrosive properties. It is necessary to consider possi-

ble problems of contact corrosion when different materials are combined.

The significance of metal gluing is increasing in combination with other methods of joining. High-

strength connections are achievable with modern adhesives, even between oiled sheets. An examina-

tion of the surface systems, possible treatment processes and the adhesives themselves is advisable.

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2Thermal rating

Structural parts made of hot-dip galvanized steel strip can undergo long-term heat treatment up to

roughly 200250 C. Temperature stress that lasts longer than this can lead to negative effects in the

substrate and surface materials because of the diffusion reaction between the zinc coating and the

substrate.

Suitability for the application of coatings

Hot-dip galvanized steel strip in all of its surface grades lends itself well to the application of organic

coatings (such as paints or films). Surface MB or MC is the correct selection in the event of high or

higher demands on a uniform surface appearance after coating. Proper pretreatment is required in

order to achieve perfect adhesion. Surface phosphating pretreatment in the works provides an excel-

lent base for the adhesion of conventional organic coatings as long as the surfaces are clean.

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General notes

Fretting corrosion

Mutual friction between strips of hot-dip galvanized steel during transportation can cause dark spots

on the zinc surface. These affect the appearance but do not adversely affect the quality of the corrosion

protection. The tendency toward fretting corrosion can be minimized by oiling the hot-dip-galvanized

steel strip.

Darkening

Hot-dip galvanized steel strip is generally intended for short-term processing. The degree of surface

darkening may vary when these grades are stored for a longer period of time. This affects the appea-

rance of the surface but does not adversely affect corrosion protection.

Formation of white rust

When hot-dip galvanized steel strip is subjected to humidity for a longer period of time with reduced

ventilation, a loose, mat gray to reddish material called white rust forms on the surface. Wide areas of

the material are attacked particularly when condensation water forms and wetness occurs between the

sheets or the coil layers.

There is no danger of white rust forming as long as the coils are stored properly. Temperature changes

during transportation and storage are critical.

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2Diagram used to determine danger of white rust caused by condensationExample 1: Strip temperature of 8 C, room temperature of 21 C, relative humidity of 55% danger of white rust.

Example 2: Storage area of 19 C, relative humidity of 50% minimum strip temperature of 11 C required.

2 5

2 0

1 5

1 0

- 5

T e m p e r a t u r e ( C ) R e l a t i v e a i r h u m i d i t y

0

5

1 0 0 %5 0 %4 0 % 6 0 % 7 0 %

1

2

A r e a o f c o n d e n s a t i o n

Flatness

The strip is placed under tension when it is coiled. This tension causes deviations in the flatness of the

strip when it is downcoiled. A suitable straightening machine must be used to achieve flat condition of

the strip when delivered in coils. In some cases it improves the flatness of the material when paper in-

serts are applied during coiling. These are marked by flags placed on the end face. If paper inserts are

not desired or permitted, please specify this in the order.

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Hot-dip galvanized steel strip with zinc/iron-coating (Galvannealed)

Hot-dip galvanized steel strip is a hot-dip refined product with Zn or ZnFe coating on both sides.

The strip is subjected to heat treatment immediately after being galvanized. The zinc coating reacts

with the substrate material and forms a ZnFe coating with approximately 812% Fe.

This manufacturing process was the forerunner of the generally known product name

GALVANNEALED (= GALVanized and ANNEALED).

Steel grades

All steel grades described in the section entitled Hot-dip galvanized steel strip are available with the

exception of complex-phase and TRIP steels.

The same guarantees apply to mechanical parameters, with the following exceptions:

p Statistical values lower by two units apply to the minimums for mild steels from grade DX54D and

high-strength steels.

p The guaranteed r values are decreased for all steel grades by 0.2.

p The guaranteed n90 value for steel grades DX56D and DX57D is decreased by 0.01.

The available dimensions are limited to a thickness range of 0.5 to 2.0 mm.

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2ZF coating groups

ZF coating groupZinc Coating in g/m2 on both sides min. Zinc coating thickness in m per side

Triple surface test Single surface test Typical value Area

ZF 80 80 70 5.5 4 10

ZF 100 100 85 7.0 5 12

ZF 120 120 100 8.0 6 13

Coating groups

A ZF coating of 100 g/m2 (on both sides) corresponds to a ZF layer thickness of approximately 7 m

per side.

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2SurfaceHot-dip galvanized steel strip with a zinc/iron coating is delivered in Surface RA, RB and RC.

Surface quality

Surface quality R

Hot-dip galvanized steel strip with a zinc/iron coating is characterized by a mat gray surface that is

free of spangles.

Surface type

Typical surface A

Small pits, dark spots, stripe-shaped marks, and small passivation defects are acceptable on this type

of surface. Straightening and bending fractures and runoff waves may be visible.

Improved surface B

This type of surface is attained by rerolling. The inspected side may be characterized by a small

number of occurrences of fractures in stretch forming direction, finishing imprints, scratches, im-

pressions and slight passivation errors. The uninspected side of the material must at least meet the

requirements of Surface Type A.

Best surface C

This type of surface is also attained by rerolling. The inspected side does not negatively impact the

uniform appearance of a paint coat. The other side of the material must at least meet the requirements

of Surface Type B. Surface Type C is available for delivery up to 1.5 mm.

Roughness

As a standard, Surface types B and C are delivered with a medium roughness value ranging bet-

ween 1.0 and 1.9 m. Determination of the mean Ra roughness value is subject to a wavelength limit

of 2.5 mm in accordance with EN 10049 (standard length of 12.5 mm).

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2Subsequent surface treatment

Hot-dip galvanized steel strip with a zinc/iron coating is normally delivered with an oiled (O) zinc/

iron coating. Galvannealed can be delivered upon request in chromium-free passivated (C) or chro-

mium-free passivated and oiled (CO). Depending on the defined micro-topography, difficult forming

stresses may make it necessary to increase the oil coating.

Oiled approx. 1.2 g/m2 per side

Heavily oiled approx. 1.6 g/m2 per side

Oil amounts

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Thickness[mm]

Width[mm]

Maximum outside diameter [mm]

Inner diameter roughly [mm]

Coil weight [t] max.

0.50 1) 2.0 600 800 2000 600 -

0.50 1) 2.0 > 800 2) < 900 2) 2000 600 -

0.50 1) 2.0 900 1600 3) 2000 600 32

Hot-dip galvanized ZF hot-rolled strip in coils

Available dimensions

1) Thicknesses below 0.5 mm only upon request.

2) Width range between > 800 and < 900 mm only upon request.

3) With limited width tolerance of 1,580 mm max.

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2

Inspection and Testing

In general as with hot-dip galvanized steel strip. The adhesion test is conducted by means of special

product-specific testing methods. It is advisable to agree on adhesion quality before materials are

ordered.

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2

Processing information

In addition to the general information under hot-dip galvanized steel strip, the following applies to hot-

dip galvanized steel strip with a zinc/iron coating:

Joining

The information applies as for hot-dip galvanized steel strip. Welding behavior can be expected to ge-

nerally improve. Particularly longer electrode tool life is achievable with resistance spot welding.

Forming

The zinc/iron coating has a strong tendency toward abrasion in powdered form based on the higher

strength during heavy forming, especially flattening stress. This tendency toward abrasion is primarily

dependent on the coating group. For this reason we generally recommend a low coating group.

Suitability for the application of coatings

Based on its specific surface structure, hot-dip galvanized steel strip with a zinc/iron coating after

proper cleaning is suitable for direct painting.

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General notes

Fretting corrosion

Mutual friction between strips of hot-dip galvanized steel during transportation can cause dark spots

on the zinc surface. These affect the appearance but do not adversely affect the quality of the corrosion

protection. The tendency toward fretting corrosion can be minimized by oiling the hot-dip-galvanized

steel strip.

Formation of white rust

When hot-dip galvanized steel strip is subjected to humidity for a longer period of time with reduced

ventilation, a loose, mat gray to reddish material called white rust forms on the surface. Wide areas of

the material are attacked particularly when condensation water forms and wetness occurs between the

sheets or the coil layers.

There is no danger of white rust forming as long as the coils are stored properly. Temperature changes

during transportation and storage are critical.

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Hot-dip galvanized steel strip with zinc magnesium coating

Hot-dip galvanized steel strips with the new coating made by voestalpine Stahl are characterized by

the highest degree of corrosion resistance and excellent processing properties.

Hot-dip galvanized steel strip with zinc magnesium coating is manufactured in continuous hot-dip

coating lines. Aluminum and magnesium are alloyed in the zinc bath, thus creating a metallic

coating that dramatically increases cathodic corrosion protection in the salt-spray test.

Steel grades

All steel grades described in the section entitled Hot-dip galvanized steel strip are available upon

request with the exception of dual-phase, complex-phase and TRIP steels.

The same guarantees apply to mechanical parameters, with the following exceptions:

p Statistical values lower by two units apply to the minimums for mild steels from grade DX54D and

high-strength steels.

p The guaranteed r values are decreased for all steel grades by 0.2.

p The guaranteed n90 value for steel grades DX56D and DX57D is decreased by 0.01.

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2ZM coating group

Coating groups

Zinc coating 1) in g/m2 on both sides min.

Layer thickness ZM 70 2) ZM 90 ZM 120 ZM 150 ZM 200 ZM 275 2)

1) Coating profiles for the automotive industry available upon request.

2) Currently available minimum and maximum zinc magnesium layer thickness. Maximum and minimum coating thicknesses vary depending on the steel grade and dimensions. Coating profiles above ZM 200 available upon request.

Amongst others, these proven processing properties of hot-dip galvanized steel strip are also achieved

for hot-dip galvanized steel strip with zinc magnesium coating:

p Welding suitability

p Paintability and

p Formability

There are no limitations with respect to processing properties.

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2Terms of delivery

The following standards generally apply to hot-dip galvanized steel strip with

zinc magnesium coating:

p Limit dimensions and forming tolerances in accordance with EN 10143

p Technical Terms of Delivery in accordance with EN 10346

p SEW 022

You will find a list of applicable standards in the Appendix.

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DX51D, DX52D




800700 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 1600

0.00

0.50

1.00

1.50

2.00

2.50

3.00

3.50

4.00

ZM 70-150

ZM 70-200





Dimensions and coatings for the automotive industry available upon request.

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DX53D, DX54D, DX56D, DX57D


800700 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 1600

0.00

0.50

1.00

1.50

2.00

2.50

3.00

3.50

4.00



ZM 70-150

ZM 70-200






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S220GD, S250GD


800700 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 1600

0.00

0.50

1.00

1.50

2.00

2.50

3.00

3.50

4.00



ZM 70-150

ZM 70-200






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S280GD


800700 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 1600

0.00

0.50

1.00

1.50

2.00

2.50

3.00

3.50

4.00



ZM 70-200






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S320GD


800700 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 1600

0.00

0.50

1.00

1.50

2.00

2.50

3.00

3.50

4.00



ZM 70-200






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S350GD


800700 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 1600

0.00

0.50

1.00

1.50

2.00

2.50

3.00

3.50

4.00



ZM 70-200






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HX180YD, HX220YD


800700 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 1600

0.00

0.50

1.00

1.50

2.00

2.50

3.00

3.50

4.00



ZM 70-200






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HX260YD


800700 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 1600

0.00

0.50

1.00

1.50

2.00

2.50

3.00

3.50

4.00



ZM 70-200






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HX180BD, HX220BD, HX260BD, HX300BD

Available dimensions bake-hardening steels

800700 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 1600

0.00

0.50

1.00

1.50

2.00

2.50

3.00

3.50

4.00



ZM 70-200






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HX260LAD, HX300LAD, HX340LAD


800700 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 1600

0.00

0.50

1.00

1.50

2.00

2.50

3.00

3.50

4.00



ZM 70-200






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HX380LAD, HX420LAD


800700 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 1600

0.00

0.50

1.00

1.50

2.00

2.50

3.00

3.50

4.00



ZM 70-200






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HT440CMD

Available dimensions carbon-manganese steel

800700 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 1600

0.00

0.50

1.00

1.50

2.00

2.50

3.00

3.50

4.00



ZM 70-200






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Surface

NA, MA and MB

Subsequent surface treatment

Oiled (O), chromate-free passivated (C) or chromate-free passivated and oiled (CO).

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2Application and processing instructions

In order to achieve optimum results, it is important to follow the instructions for the application,

processing and storage of hot-dip galvanized steel strip with zinc magnesium coating as one would for

hot-dip galvanized steel strip.

Especially when forming hot-dip galvanized steel strip, conventional emulsions must be used with

an alkalinity of not more than 9. Nor may the constituents of the emulsion have any negative effect

on corrosion resistance. Several emulsions have been tested by voestalpine and approved for for-

ming purposes.

It is also recomme

Tlb Feuerverzinkt Stahlb E 20022012

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Transcript of Tlb Feuerverzinkt Stahlb E 20022012