TKT Part 3 Unit 4 (14) Sentences and Clauses

8/9/2019 TKT Part 3 Unit 4 (14) Sentences and Clauses

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TKT:KAL

Part 3: GrammarUnit 4:

Sentences andclauses


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What are usually

part of a sentence?A subject and a Finite

verb.


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Exercise 1:• #se the diferent types o $erbs in the bo below to labelthe underlined $erbs in the sentences, or eample Do innumber % is an auiliary $erb. &ome $erbs can be matchedwith more than one type

•

1. Do I know you?

2. He urt i!sel"

#. I was talkin$4. %ey didn&t see !e

Lets check…

Main Auxiliary Action State Transitive Intransitive

Reflexive


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Exercise 2:• Loo" at the underlined parts o the sentencesbelow and answer the !uestions

• %. 't depends on the weather

• (. ' belie$e in good luc"

• ). ' remembered to as" *ane

• +. ' remember as"ing *ane

's there a preposition ater the $erb

's there an ob-ect ater the $erb

's there a second $erb and what orm is it


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What is averb pattern?

Thats correct/0


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Different verb patterns• &ome $erbs are always ollowed by de'endent

're'ositions e.g. depend on

• &ome $erbs need more than one ob-ect

• &ome $erbs need a co!'le!ento A phrase that is necessary to complete the meaning

o a particular $erb in a clause or sentence/

•

1.g. ' am tired• Tired is the compliment. 2erbs such

as be, eel, become and get need acomplement in order to ma"e sense


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Can you think of somemore verb patterns?

• 2erbs ollowed by an in(nitive "or!

• 2erbs ollowed by )in$ "or!

• 34e careul3 $erb patterns ater $erbs operception can afect meaning

• 1.g/. ' heard him spea"ing

•

' heard him spea"


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Exercise 3:• Loo" at the sentences a56d5 which use the modal $erbs can

and might. Answer the !uestions

o A5 ' 7nish wor" at 8 so ' can go home soon

o

45 That letter might ha$e got lost in the posto C5 &he might "now 9eter, 'm not sure.

o5 Can you help me please ' cant 7nd the &hampoo.

• %. ;here is the modal placed in the $erb phrase

• (. ;hat orm is the $erb ater the modal• ). How are !uestions and negati$es ormed with a modal

• +. ;hat is the past orm

• ;hat happens when she is used


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What are The nine puremodal verbs?

Thats correct00 They are: Can, Could,


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Do Modals behave likeother verbs?

• They do not use Auiliary $erbs to orm !uestionsand negati$es

•

They use ha$e and the past participle whenma"ing a past orm


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What are Semi-Modalverbs?

• Ha$e to, ought to, need to, be able to

• ;hy are they se!i !odals

o %ey can$e teir "or! to sow 'erson

o %ey ave a 'ast "or! or use anoterau*iliary

• &ome semi modals can beha$e li"e ull modalso 1.g. A !uestion with need to can be /need you

go


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Can the same modal verb be used for different

functions?

To help you decide what meaning and

unction a modal $erb has in a sentenceyou need to loo" at the conte*t


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Exercise 4•


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What are hypotheticalsituations?

Thats correct00


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Exercise 5• ;hat type o $erbs are underlined in sentences % and ( ;hat

orm are the $erbs in ), + and 8 in

o%. ' would ne$er lie to my parents> its totally

unthin"ableo(. ?owadays, ' could ne$er stay up all night li"e '

used to when ' was younger

o). &uppose you won @%,,/' "now youwont but -ust suppose

o+. ' only ' hadnt lost my wallet0 4ut theresnothing ' can do about it now.

o8. ' wish ' wasnt going to wor" tomorrow but 'ha$e to.

H d


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How do we expresshypothetical situations?

• &ome


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What do adverbs do?• Thats correct/They modiy $erbs, ad-ecti$es and other

ad$erbs0

•

Can you name some diferent types o ad$erbs

• 9lace here, there, nearby5

• egree etremely, $ery, really5

•


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How do we form adverbs?• Add ly to an ad-ecti$e/e.g. slow E slowly

• &ome ha$e the same orm as ad-ecti$es/e.g.hard

• &ome are not ormed rom ad-ecti$es /e.g. $ery


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Do verbs have different‘voices’?

;hat does the $oice o a $erb

tell us

Th 2 i‘ i ’


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There are 2 main ‘voices’in English

• The active voice

• Here the sub-ect is important 6 the person whodid the action the ob-ect is the personGthingwho recei$ed the action.

• The 5assive voice

o The sub-ect is the personGthing who recei$ed theaction o the $erb

• How do we orm the passi$e

• %e verb to be 7 te 'ast 'artici'le


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Exercise 6• Loo" at the sentences below and decide why the

passi$e $oice has been used in each case

• %. Tic"ets must be bought rom ocial tic"et agencies only

• (. First the cofee beans are pic"ed then roasted in o$ens

• ).' "now $ery little about cofee but 'm sure it cant be grown in1urope

• +. 'm sorry but my essay wont be 7nished today

• 8. ' was $ery amused by the 7lm that we watched at you house theother night

Wh d th


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When do we use thepassive?

• The person who does the action is ob$ious

• The person is not important

• To begin a phrase with a topic we already "now

• To a$oid showing responsibility

• To a$oid ha$ing a long noun phrase

• To show a more ormal style


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Is this the passive?• ' got cut of

•

' got my hair cutG' had my hair cut

o This sentence is an eample othe Causati$e 9assi$e/

someone else did or causedthe action


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Any questions…?

Lets try some acti$ities0

TKT Part 3 Unit 4 (14) Sentences and Clauses

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