Title: World War I & Its Aftermath Revisit the Monroe Doctrine Asserted US right to intervene in...
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Title: World War I & Its Aftermath
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Revisit the Monroe Doctrine• Asserted US right to
intervene in Western Hemisphere when national security was at stake
• US wants no part of Europe’s internal disputes
• With Europe leading toward WWI, it was difficult for US to follow Monroe Doctrine
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Isolation & neutrality • US initially tried to stay out of
events going on in Europe• Woodrow Wilson won
presidential election of 1912: vowed to keep America in isolation
• When WWI broke out in August 1912, Wilson declared neutrality.– America would treat all
countries fairly and without favoritism
• Neutrality was difficult to follow because the US & Britain were close allies
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Germany had submarines, or U-boats
• International law: Attacker must warn civilian ships before attacking
• Germany announced that their submarines would not do this – Usually attacked US ships that were
carrying military supplies
• Germans sank the passenger ship Lusitania in 1915– 1,200 passengers killed– It was carrying tons of ammunition to
British
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Zimmerman Telegram
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Zimmerman Telegram
• Telegram from Germany to Mexico
• Proposed that if Mexico/Japan declared war on US, Germany would help
• Intercepted and published in newspapers
• Helped shift US desire to enter WWI
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Are you a code breaker?
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End
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The War’s End
• When the U.S. entered the war, the Allied Powers had fresh soldiers and supplies
• German troops
– Had no food and other supplies
– They were forced to retreat with the coming of the U.S. army
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Armistice
• On October 4, 1918, Germany asked Woodrow Wilson for an armistice
• –The armistice began on November 11, 1918 11th day, 11th month, 11th hour
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IV) Aftermath of WWI• American participation tipped the
balance in the Allies’ favor, and they won the war
• The Versailles Treaty was to be written in Paris
• President Woodrow Wilson attended because he wanted them to implement his Fourteen Point Plan:– Free trade through lower tariffs and freedom
of the seas– Reduction of arms supplies on all sides to
the level needed for domestic safety– Promotion of self-determination (The right to
decide how to be governed - both in Europe and overseas)
– Creation of the League of Nations (organization that would meet to resolve international issues -functions like the United Nations)
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League of Nations
• Wilson’s final point called for the creation of an international organization where countries would work together to keep peace.
• This organization was known as the League of Nations
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Paris Peace Conference
• The Allies disagreed on how to “punish” the Central Powers
• –Wilson did not want to punish them –other Allies sought revenge (why?)
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Results of the Versailles Treaty• Punished Germany
through: – Disarmaments (no subs
or planes)– Reparations– Germany had to admit
fault for starting the war
• Many historians agree that by leaving Germany humiliated & in economic ruin, the Treaty set the stage for WWII
• Wilson’s 14 Point Plan was mostly discarded, except for the League of Nations
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American Opposition• Wilson presented the Treaty of
Versailles to the U.S. Senate in July 1919 for ratification
• –The Senate had to approve the treaty before the U.S could officially accept it
• Many Americans did not trust the idea of a League of Nations
• They thought that an organization would tie America to international work (protecting other nations forever)
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American Opposition
• The U.S. rejected the Treaty of Versailles in 1920
–The U.S. did NOT join the League of Nations
–In 1921 the U.S. signed a separate treaty with each of the Central Powers, officially ending the war.
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Compare Plans
• Look at page 44 in your packet.– What are some of the main differences
between Wilsons 14 point plan and the Treaty of Versailles?
– Why do you think these plans differed the way they did?
– Which one is harder on Germany?