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Title of Presentation
COACHConferenceFrankston
Presentation by
Peter Norden AO
Adjunct ProfessorRMIT University
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Speaking from my experience……
• criminal justice system and prisons
• mental health and drug and alcohol
• community development work
• intergenerational family disadvantage
• social policy and research (State / Federal)
• public advocacy and reform
What kind of change?
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What kind of change?
Change is inevitable,
But ….
can Australia still claim to be a land of hope and opportunity
and a place which provides
“A FAIR GO” for all Australians?
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CAR Main Points
Positive impact of social cohesion
Strong correlations between social disadvantage factors
Poverty concentrated and entrenched in certain areas
Measures disadvantage by postcode area in Vic and New South Wales
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CAR Map Vic
Social Comparison – Vic
Unequal in Life
Source: Vinson, T., Community, Adversity & Resilience, Jesuit Social Services, Melbourne, 2004, [Map 4]
DisadvantageDegree of DisadvantageMiddle rangeDegree of AdvantageAdvantageAll others
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CAR Map Vic
Social Comparison – Melb Metro
Source: Vinson, T., Community, Adversity & Resilience, Jesuit Social Services, Melbourne, 2004, [Map 5]
Unequal in Life
DisadvantageDegree of DisadvantageMiddle rangeDegree of AdvantageAdvantageAll others
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Local Disadvantaged Postcodes
LOCAL DISADVANTAGED POSTCODES:
3940 Rosebud West
3915 Hastings
3939 Rosebud
3200 Frankston North
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CAR Disadvantage Factors
Social Disadvantage Factors
Low Birth Weight
Disability/Sickness AllowanceLow Work Skills
MortalityYear 12 Incomplete
ImprisonmentEarly School Leaving
Court ConvictionsLow Family Income
Psychiatric Hosp. AdmissionsLong Term Unemployment
Child NeglectUnemployment
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CAR Spac Comp Vic
Spatial Compression of Disadvantage - Vic
Source: Vinson, T., Community, Adversity & Resilience, Jesuit Social Services, Melbourne, 2004, p. 48
4.5
Percentage of Victorian Postcode areas needed to account for 25% and 50% of instances of each form of disadvantage
N = 647
8.32.7Child Neglect11.13.9Court Convictions
12.44.4Early School Leaving12.9Low Family Income
7.32.1Imprisonment
11.34.1Unemployment11.64.2Low Work Skills
To Reach50%
To Reach25%
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Coach Community Mentoring
COACH Community Mentoring:
How might this help?
How could it be applied?
What could be expected outcomes?
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CAR Social Cohesion Factors
Social Cohesion Factors
Source: Vinson, T., Community, Adversity & Resilience, Jesuit Social Services, Melbourne, 2004, p. 46
Availability of informal help
Volunteering
Participation in organised recreation/sports groups
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CAR Early Sch/Unemp SC comp
Across local populations
EARLY SCHOOL
LEAVING
and
UNEMPLOYMENT
are strongly connected
(0.64**)
Connectionremains strong(0.63)
Low social cohesion
plus
Connectionsignificantly
weakens(0.28)
plus High social cohesion
N = 277
Impact of Community Development Interventions (contd)
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CAR Low Inc/Imp SC comp
Community Development Interventions Drives a Wedge in the Cycle of
Disadvantage
Across local populations
LOW FAMILY
INCOME
and
IMPRISONMENT
are strongly connected
(0.55**)
Connectiongrows
stronger(0.62)
Low social cohesion
plus
Connectionsignificantly
weakens(0.18)
plus High social cohesion
N = 277
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CAR Unemp/Imp SC comp
Across local populations
UNEMPLOYMENT
and
IMPRISONMENT
are strongly connected
(0.65**)
Connectiongrows
stronger(0.75)
Low social cohesion
plus
Connectionsignificantly
weakens(0.22)
plus High social cohesion
N = 277
Impact of Community Development Interventions (contd)
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CAR Unemp/Child Abuse SC comp
Across local populations
UNEMPLOYMENT
and
CHILD NEGLECT
are strongly connected
(0.68**)
Connectionremains
high(0.56)
Low social cohesion
plus
Connection drops(0.40)
plus High social cohesion
N = 277
Impact of Community Development Interventions (contd)
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Criminal Justice/Human Rights Intro Slide
Criminal Justice and Human Rights
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Chart, crime/prison rates
-
5,000
10,000
15,000
20,000
25,000
30,000
1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
All prisoners
Sentencedprisoners
Unsentencedprisoners
Prisoners Australia 1994 - 2004
Crime rates in Australia per 100,000 population. 1996- 2003
-1,0002,0003,0004,0005,0006,0007,000
1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003
Violent crime rateProperty crime rate
Crime Rate Australia 1996-2003per 100,000 population
Crime rate downbut
Prison rate up
3 times the rate of growth
of the Australian pop. Source: Australian Bureau of Statistics (2004), Prisoners in Australia, ABS, Cat No 4517.0, Table 16, p. 31.
Source: Crime Statistics. Australian Institute of Criminology. Australian crime. Facts and figures 2004
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Prisons new mental asylums
High Rates of Prisoners with Mental Illness
26% of prisoners met criteria for mental illness
20% - Major Depression
8% - Manic Depression (Bipolar)
7% - Schizophrenia
30% prisoners surveyed had attempted suicide
Source: Victorian Prisoner Health Studies, DOJ, Feb 2003, p.30 & 36.
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Prisons and Hep C
High Rates of Prisoners with Hepatitis C
58% of prisoners tested positive for Hep C Virus
69% of prisoners admit to injecting drugs with most sharing needles
18.5% increase in prisoners found to be HCV carriers
220,000 plus Australians already infected
16,000 new infections each year
Source: Victorian Prisoner Health Studies, DOJ, Feb 2003, p. 90
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Increased Surveillance
Increased Level ofGovernment Intervention
Anti-terrorism Bill 2005
Serious Sex Offenders Monitoring Act 2005
Border Protection
Immigration Detention
Quarantine of welfare payments
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How to make a difference?
HOW TO MAKE A DIFFERENCE?
HOW TO HELP OUR FAMILIES AVOID THESE PITFALLS (CRIMINAL JUSTICE AND
WELFARE DEPENDENCY)?
HOW TO CREATE REAL OPPORTUNITIES FOR A FUTURE GENERATION OF
DISADVANTAGED CHILDREN?
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Community Development Programs
Community Development Programs
(such as COACH Community Mentoring)
• aim to bring about change….
• in individuals, families, and communities
• to be effective, they must be sustained
• to have broader social change…..
• they must also address structures
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Some Observations or Warnings…
Some Observations or Warnings ……
How do these programs promote broader change rather than family mobility alone?
Where is the role for social policy and advocacy as well as family mentoring?
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Australia at Crossroads
WHAT CAN BE DONE TO SHAPE A MORE COHESIVE AND JUST AUSTRALIAN SOCIETY?
Increased ProsperityGrowing Social DivideLand of Opportunity for SomeIncreased Alienation for Others