Title: History of Writing and Printing Title: What is …...History Law Facts Knowledge was oral...
Transcript of Title: History of Writing and Printing Title: What is …...History Law Facts Knowledge was oral...
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Title: What is the title of this lecture?Speaker: Amit DhingraCreated by: (remove if same as speaker)
online.wsu.edu
Title: History of Writing and PrintingSpeaker: Richard F. Taflinger
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A Basic History
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Signal fire
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Hebrew shofar
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Roman bucina
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Cavalry bugle
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Semaphore tower
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Writing
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What is writing?
Turning sound symbols (talking) into visual symbols
Sound symbols are gone in an instant Visual symbols can last forever
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Lascoux Cave painting ca. 17,000 BCE
Just a noun and a verb
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Marriage contract ca. 17,000 BCE -pictures reduced to essentials
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Pictures for abstractions
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Means “Man”
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Means “Soul”
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Hieroglyph syllables
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Hieroglyph letter - L
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Evolution of pictures to symbols
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Cuneiform
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Phoenician traders
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Symbols become an alphabetPhoenician ca. 1050 BCE
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STWhat’s the word?
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Greek alphabet added vowels
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Caen
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L’chaim loch
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Hand written lasted 1000 years
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Illuminated text
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First change from handwriting to printing
came in 888 CEThe Diamond Sutra, a Buddhist
scripture, created with block printing
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Chinese block printing – ca. 1000 CE
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Entire page with one block
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Chinese type – entire wordsca. 1040 CE
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A side trip
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Egyptian Scribe
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Alexandrian Library
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Knowledge was in people’s minds
HistoryLawFacts
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Knowledge was oral
Courts held hearingsLiterally – judges listened to
testimony
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Old people were vitally important
They could testify from their own memory, the only reliable records there were
They relied on reminders since there was no real calendar and they lived by seasons, not dates
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Memories were prodigious
When you can’t read or write, you have to remember
Poetry is easier to remember than prose due to rhyme and rhythm
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Troubadours
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The Venerable Bede
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Historia ecclesiastica gentis Anglorum
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The sermons composed by St. Bonaventure of Fidenza?
The sermons composed by some other person named Bonaventure?
Sermons copied by a Bonaventure? Sermons copied by somebody from a church of St.
Bonaventure? Sermons preached by a Bonaventure? Sermons that belonged to a Bonaventure? Sermons that belonged to a church of St.
Bonaventure? Sermons by various people of whom the first or most
important was somebody named Bonaventure?
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Another little side trip
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The Black Death – 1347-1351
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After the Black Death people had two things: Lots of moneyA desire to enjoy lifeFun and games like fairs and celebrationsThe fanciest clothes they could afford
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The rich wore silk and gold wire
The middle class wore woolens
Everyone wore linen, especially --
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Linen underwear
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What this has to do with printing
What was necessary to printing was paperThe only thing available up to this time was
parchment, expensive and uncommon Linen sheets and underwear wore out and were
thrown away Linen rags can be turned into paper
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Now there’s plenty of paperEveryone uses it as trade and investing
increasesContractsRecord keeping
However, because of the Black Death there weren’t enough scribes for all the paperwork
Something had to be done
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The next, and greatest change in printing came in 1450 CE
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Johannes Gutenberg c. 1398-1468
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Moveable Type
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Dispersion of Information
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Gutenberg Press