Title: History of Writing and Printing Title: What is …...History Law Facts Knowledge was oral...

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Title: What is the title of this lecture? Speaker: Amit Dhingra Created by: (remove if same as speaker) online.wsu.edu Title: History of Writing and Printing Speaker: Richard F. Taflinger

Transcript of Title: History of Writing and Printing Title: What is …...History Law Facts Knowledge was oral...

Page 1: Title: History of Writing and Printing Title: What is …...History Law Facts Knowledge was oral Courts held hearings Literally – judges listened to ... What was necessary to printing

Title: What is the title of this lecture?Speaker: Amit DhingraCreated by: (remove if same as speaker)

online.wsu.edu

Title: History of Writing and PrintingSpeaker: Richard F. Taflinger

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A Basic History

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Signal fire

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Hebrew shofar

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Roman bucina

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Cavalry bugle

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Semaphore tower

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Writing

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What is writing?

Turning sound symbols (talking) into visual symbols

Sound symbols are gone in an instant Visual symbols can last forever

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Lascoux Cave painting ca. 17,000 BCE

Just a noun and a verb

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Marriage contract ca. 17,000 BCE -pictures reduced to essentials

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Pictures for abstractions

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Means “Man”

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Means “Soul”

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Hieroglyph syllables

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Hieroglyph letter - L

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Evolution of pictures to symbols

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Cuneiform

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Phoenician traders

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Symbols become an alphabetPhoenician ca. 1050 BCE

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STWhat’s the word?

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Greek alphabet added vowels

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Caen

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L’chaim loch

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Hand written lasted 1000 years

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Illuminated text

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First change from handwriting to printing

came in 888 CEThe Diamond Sutra, a Buddhist

scripture, created with block printing

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Chinese block printing – ca. 1000 CE

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Entire page with one block

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Chinese type – entire wordsca. 1040 CE

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A side trip

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Egyptian Scribe

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Alexandrian Library

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Knowledge was in people’s minds

HistoryLawFacts

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Knowledge was oral

Courts held hearingsLiterally – judges listened to

testimony

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Old people were vitally important

They could testify from their own memory, the only reliable records there were

They relied on reminders since there was no real calendar and they lived by seasons, not dates

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Memories were prodigious

When you can’t read or write, you have to remember

Poetry is easier to remember than prose due to rhyme and rhythm

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Troubadours

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The Venerable Bede

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Historia ecclesiastica gentis Anglorum

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The sermons composed by St. Bonaventure of Fidenza?

The sermons composed by some other person named Bonaventure?

Sermons copied by a Bonaventure? Sermons copied by somebody from a church of St.

Bonaventure? Sermons preached by a Bonaventure? Sermons that belonged to a Bonaventure? Sermons that belonged to a church of St.

Bonaventure? Sermons by various people of whom the first or most

important was somebody named Bonaventure?

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Another little side trip

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The Black Death – 1347-1351

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After the Black Death people had two things: Lots of moneyA desire to enjoy lifeFun and games like fairs and celebrationsThe fanciest clothes they could afford

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The rich wore silk and gold wire

The middle class wore woolens

Everyone wore linen, especially --

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Linen underwear

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What this has to do with printing

What was necessary to printing was paperThe only thing available up to this time was

parchment, expensive and uncommon Linen sheets and underwear wore out and were

thrown away Linen rags can be turned into paper

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Now there’s plenty of paperEveryone uses it as trade and investing

increasesContractsRecord keeping

However, because of the Black Death there weren’t enough scribes for all the paperwork

Something had to be done

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The next, and greatest change in printing came in 1450 CE

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Johannes Gutenberg c. 1398-1468

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Moveable Type

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Dispersion of Information

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Gutenberg Press