Association "Green Leap", Novi Sad

Address: Mise Dimitrijevica 72/18

Tel. +381-60-0106083

E-Mail: zeleniskok@hotmail.com

Project: ENergy Efficiency and Renewables–SUPporting Policies in Local level for

EnergY (ENER-SUPPLY)

Work Package 4

Energy Audit

Data:23.01.2012.

Country: Serbia

Partner: University of Novi Sad (UNS)

Building: Health center (general

practice and accounting), Glavna 22,

Titel

2

Content:

1. BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY .............................................................................. 3

2. BUILDING FEATURES ............................................................................................................................... 3

Location ......................................................................................................................................................... 3

The external appearance of buildings ............................................................................................................ 4

Basic Data ...................................................................................................................................................... 4

Envelope of the building ............................................................................................................................ 5

HVAC ............................................................................................................................................................ 5

Domestic Cold and Hot Water (DHW) .......................................................................................................... 6

Lighting system .............................................................................................................................................. 6

3. Energy and Fuel Consumption ...................................................................................................................... 7

3.1 Actual Consumption of Energy and Fuels ............................................................................................... 7

Unit prices of fuel and energy .................................................................................................................... 7

3.2 Theoretical Energy Needs ........................................................................................................................ 8

3.3 Comparison of Real and Theoretical energy consumption ................................................................... 10

4. ENERGY EFFICIENCY MEASURES PROPOSAL ................................................................................. 12

4.1 Reconstruction of object envelope ......................................................................................................... 12

Replacement of metal windows, doors and panels ................................................................................... 12

Implementation of a thermal insulation in the roof .................................................................................. 13

Implementation of a thermal insulation of the ground floor .................................................................... 13

4.2 Building energy infrastructure improvement ......................................................................................... 14

Installation of balancing valves ................................................................................................................ 14

Installation of thermoregulation valves (TRV) ........................................................................................ 14

4.3 Improvement of hot water boiler operation - switching fuel type ......................................................... 15

4.4 Lighting .................................................................................................................................................. 16

4.5 Introduction the energy management procedures .................................................................................. 16

5. CONCLUSION ........................................................................................................................................... 17

1

3

1. BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY

The ENER SUPPLY project intends to help the local authorities to realize energy management

implementation, planning of investment in RES and promotion of investments in RES. The ENER SUPPLY

project, financed by the South East Europe Transnational Cooperation Programme, is the result of a common

effort of 13 partners from 11 South-East Europe countries, whose Lead Partner is the Municipality of

Potenza, Italy.

The Studies is related to public buildings in education and administration sectors in order to introduce

various economically efficient and environmentally safe technical energy saving measures in the buildings.

The objective of the this Study is to improve energy efficiency in heating buildings in order to make heating

more affordable and as well as improve the functional and health environment of the users. An important

associated objective is to reduce the local and global environmental impact of the use of dirty fuels for

heating buildings. Study considers energy efficiency improvements in selected building. For buildings is

performed energy audit in order to define investment packages proposals with budget estimate for each

building.

2. BUILDING FEATURES

Location

Health center is located in the street Glavna, number 22, in Titel (Figure 1: Micro location of building).

Health center consists of three buildings. The subject of this energy audit are two buildings: the building of

general practice (Figure 2) and accounting building (Figure 3).

Figure 1: Micro location of building

4

Fig. 2: Building of general practice

Fig. 3: Accounting building

The external appearance of buildings

Both of the objects are free standing buildings with all exposed facades. The appearance of the buildings are

is shown in Figures 2, 3 and 4.

Basic Data

The object of general practice was built 1957, but it was reconstructed 2007 (replaced old windows and

doors with new PVC ones). The object of accounting was built 2007. Overview of characteristics of these

objects is presented in Tables 1 and 2.

Table 1: Occupational characteristics of school

Number of employees 74

Number of simultaneous users 100

Other (temporary) users of building facilities 50 до 100

Operation days per year 365

Operation hours per day 24

5

Table 2: Basic characteristics of building

Heated floor area 1,289 m2

Unheated floor area 0 m 2

Total floor area 1,289 m 2

Total volume 3,866 m 3

Heated volume 3,866 m 3

Gross surface of the building (envelope) - wall area 1,057 m 2

Total surface of the window, door and skylight/ panels 163 m 2

NET surface of the walls 894 m 2

Envelope of the building

Energy characteristics of building envelope are presented in Tables 3, 4 and 5.

Table 3: Energy characteristics of roof

Type of roof Average heat tranfer cofficient

W/m2 о

C τ

-

Pitched roof with tiles (10 o), 644 m2 1.75 0.77

Table 4: Energy characteristics of walls

Type of walls Average heat tranfer cofficient

W/m2 о

C

Brick, layer of plaster. Without heat insulation. Wall thickness: 52 cm. 1.09

Facing brick, brick, layer of plaster. Without heat insulation. Wall thickness: 25

cm. 1.77

Table 5: Energy characteristics of the building envelop - glass surface

Type of glass surface W/m2 o

C

PVC windows and doors 1.5

Metal windows and doors 5.8

PVC skylights 3.3

There is a basement space in the building of a general practice in which is placed boiler room.

HVAC Heating

Heating is provided by local heating system – one hot water boiler for fuel oil with installed heat power of

500 kW. This heating system supplies three objects with heat: building of general practice, accounting

building and laboratory (it is not the subject of energy analysis in this energy audit). Boiler house completely

covers heat demand of these three buildings. The supply and return temperature are 90/70 oC. Heat

distribution is via radiators. System includes two pipes system with distribution from the bottom with cast

iron radiators without temperature regulation equipment.

Ventilation and air conditioning

Health center is without central cooling system. Objects are not air conditioned during the summer period.

There are few split cooling systems in some rooms. Electricity consumption and associated costs related to

the cooling are not significant. The total power of installed equipments for cooling is 6.7 kW.

6

Power system and electromechanical equipment

Electricity is supplied by local distribution company, with wide consumption tariff system. The school

receives power at voltage 0.4 kV.

In the health center, there is no technological process, powered electric equipment etc., for which it is

necessary to provide electrical installation, as a "strong" power. All electrical sets appear as an individual or

as part of some technological entities, such as for example small capacities air conditioning devices, small

kitchen equipments, etc.

Total installed capacity kitchen and office equipments is 9.2 kW. Installed capacity of other equipment

(without cooling, kitchen and office equipment) is 11.5 kW.

Domestic Cold and Hot Water (DHW)

Object is supplied with cold water by local water supply system. Estimated consumption of water is about

957 m3 per year. The system for production and distribution of domestic (sanitary) hot water is independent

from system for production of thermal energy for heating and consists of an electric boilers located in the

kitchen and toilets. Total installed power of electric boilers is 25.5 kW.

Oldfashioned technical solutions for water and urinal flush, without photo sensors and stop functions, as well

as a numerous malfuncitoning devices, certainly produce higher consumption of water than needed.

Lighting system

Lighting system includes: incandescent and fluorescent lamps. In Table 6 is given number of lamps and

average consumed power per each type of lamps. Recommendation: Option for replacing 46 incandescent

lamps by fluorescent ones is not appropriate because these locations are not proper for fluorescent type of

lamps (toilets, pantries, accessory spaces, auxiliary stairways, loft, etc).

Table 6: Types of lamps with structures and related install capacities

Types of lamps Number of devices Capacity [kW]/unit Total [kW]

Incandescent lamps 46 0.1 4.6

Fluorescent lamps 211 0.04 8.44

7

3. Energy and Fuel Consumption

3.1 Actual Consumption of Energy and Fuels

Unit prices of fuel and energy

The health centre is getting oil by buying in the market from local distributors. The school buys electricity

from national distributive network. The health centre does not have to buy the additional heat (outside of

their own production).

Unit prices of energy and fuels in 2010 are:

Unit price of oil: 82,462 RSD/ m3 (763 €/m

3)

Unit price of electricity: 6.69 RSD/kWh (0.062 €/kWh)

In Tab. 7 is presented annualy consumption of electricity and in Tab. 8 is presented annualy consumption of

heat energy.

Tab. 7 Annually consumption of electricity (2010)

Annually consumption of electricity Average unit price of electricity

[kWh] [RSD/a] [€/a] [RSD/kWh] [€/ kWh]

Total 38,440 257,275 2,382 6.69 0.062

Tab.8 Annually consumption of heat (2010)

Annually consumption of heat Average unit price of heat

[kWh] [RSD/a] [€/a] [РСД/kWh] [€/ kWh]

Total 345,800 2,503,548 23,181 7.24 0.067

The review of basic indicators for 2010/11 is presented in Tab. 9.

Tab. 9 Energy Indicators for year 2010/11 (Note: The data source is the accounting of the Institution)

Electricity consumption 38,440 kWh /а

Consumption of oil 345,800 kWh/a (heating season 2010/11)

Consumption of sanitary water 957 m3/а

The total cost for electricity 257,275 RSD/a (approximately 2,382 €/a)

The total cost for oil 2,503,548 RSD/a (approximately 23,181 €/a)

The total cost for sanitary water 58,562 RSD/a (approximately 542 €/a)

The unit price of electricity (yearly average) 6.69 RSD/kWh or 0.062 €/kWh.

The unit price of heavy fuel oil (yearly average) 7.24 РСД/ kWh (approximately 0.067 €/kWh)

The unit price of sanitary water (yearly average) 61.22 РСД/ m3 (approximately 0.56 €/m3)

8

3.2 Theoretical Energy Needs

In Tab. 10 are presented general data necessary for further calculation of heat losses.

Tab. 10 General data needed for heat losses calculation

Heated floor area 1,289 m2

Object envelope surface 1,057 m2

Heated volume 3,866 m3

Designed outdoor temperature -18 °С

Designed indoor temperature 20 °С

Heating hours per year 3,600 h

Number of simultaneous users 100 -

Number of degree days 2,824 К⋅dan

In Tab.11 are presented theoretical heat losses (due to transmission and infiltration) in W/K.

Tab. 11 Total losses of object due to transmission and infiltration

Area

Tau

coefficient k Transmission losses

Infiltration

losses

[m2] [-] [W/K⋅m2

] [W/K] [W/K]

Roof 644 0.77 1.75 872 -

Ground floor area 1 241 1 1.03 249 -

Ground floor area 2 403 1 1.54 621 -

Wall 1 475 1 1.78 843 -

Wall 2 419 1 1.1 460 -

Metal windows 0,7 1 5.8 4 √

PVC windows 45 1 1.5 67 √

Metal doors 33 1 5.8 190 √

PVC doors 11 1 1.5 17 √

PVC skylight 73 1 3.3 243 -

Total 2,346 3,566 1,425

In Tab. 12 are given data presenting theoretical energy needs.

Tab. 12 Theoretical energy needs

Annual infiltration losses 96,558 kWh/god.

Percentage ratio of infiltration losses 29 %

Air volume exchange 4,253 m3/h

Building characteristics 0.61 -

Percentage ratio of windows in total surface area of facade 15.4 %

Annual transmission losses 241,691 kWh/god.

Percentage rate of transmission losses 71 %

Transmission and infiltration heat losses through glass surfaces per

heated area 102 kWh/god.m2

Average transmission coefficient 1.52 W/Km2

9

Total need of heating energy 338,249 kWh/god.

Total specific transmission and infiltration losses 4,991 W/K

Total loss coefficient (transmission and infiltration) 2.12 W/Km2

Specific heating energy consumption per object surface area 147 W/m2

Specific heating energy consumption per object volume 49.1 W/m3

Specific heating energy consumption per object heated surface area 262 kWh/god. m2

Specific heating energy consumption per object user 3,382 kWh/god. korisnik

Recommended specific heating energy consumption per heated surface

area

24.66 kWh/god. m2

Total specific transmission losses 3,566 W/K

Real specific transmission losses per heated surface area 2.76 W/Km2

Recommended specific transmission losses 0.36 W/Km2

In Tab. 13 is presented primary energy consumption.

Table 13 Primary energy consumption

Installed power of the radiators 500 kW

Boiler efficiency rate 0.9 -

Efficiency rate of pipeline 0.95 -

Primary energy consumption 338,249 kWh/god.

Specific consumption of primary energy 383.7 kWh/god.m2

Final energy consumption per degree day 175 kWh/SDG

Specific consumption per degree day 0.14 kWh/SDG m2

10

3.3 Comparison of Real and Theoretical energy consumption

In Tab. 14 is presented monthly heat load and heat consumption calculated according to degree day.

Table 14 Monthly heat load and heat consumption according to degree day

Month Temperature Temperature

difference

Number of days

with heating Degree days

Object heat load

according to

degree day

Object heat load

according to

degree day

°С °С number of days °С×number of

days kW МWh

Jan. 0.1 19.9 31 616.9 99.3 73.9

Feb. 2 18 28 504 89.8 60.4

Mar. 5.4 14.6 31 452.6 72.4 53.8

Apr. 11.7 8.3 15 124.5 41.4 14.9

May 0 0.0 0.0

Jun 0 0.0 0.0

Jul. 0 0.0 0.0

Aug. 0 0.0 0.0

Sep. 0 0.0 0.0

Oct. 12 8 15 120 39.9 14.4

Nov. 5.9 14.1 30 423 70.4 50.7

Dec. 1.1 18.9 31 585.9 94.3 70.2

Yearly 181 2,826.9 507.6 338.2

In Fig. 5 is presented theoretical heat load of object calculated according to degree day. It is noted that

maximal needed power 99.3 kW is far below installed power of 500 kW. In Fig. 6 is presented theoretical

heating energy consumption calculated according to degree day.

11

0,0

20,0

40,0

60,0

80,0

100,0

120,0[k

W]

Theoretical heating load calculated according to degree days

Fig. 5 Object heating load calculated according to degeree day

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

[MW

h]

Theoretical consumption of heat energy calculated according to degree days

Fig. 6 Theoretical consumption of heating energy calculated according to degree day

12

4. ENERGY EFFICIENCY MEASURES PROPOSAL

4.1 Reconstruction of object envelope

Costs and prices of thermal energy supply

End price of heating is formed according to equivalent price of some fuels and efficiency rates of heating

systems which depend on efficiency rate of boiler, pipeline and regualtion system. In Tab. 15 are presented

prices of different fuels.

Tab. 15 Prices of final energy

Soy beans straw

Natural gas /

condensation boiler Oil

Equivalent price

RSD/kWh 1,16 4.00 4.95

€/kWh 0.011 0.038 0.046

Total efficiency

rate of heating

system (%) 71 85 68

Final price of

heating

RSD/kWh 1.63 4.72 7.24

€/kWh 0.016 0.044 0.067

Annual price of

heating

RSD/a 552,905 1,598,435 2,448,877

€/a 5,119 14,800 22,675

Replacement of metal windows, doors and panels

In the frame of reconstraction of the health centre in 2007 old windows and doors has been replaced by a

modern PVC ones. Also, the new accounting building is equipped with modern PVC windows. Therefore, a

measure of replacement windows is not required.

Implementation of external walls thermal insulation

Entire building doesn't have thermal insulation. Considering that insulation of the walls is proposed on entire

building. Insulation characteristics are: coefficient of heat λ=0.041 W/m°C and thickness d = 0.05 m. Unit

price of this measure is taken as 20 €/m². Surface area of 25 cm thick wall (Table 16) is 476 m2. Surface area

of 52 cm thick wall (Table 17) is 419 m2.In that case, investment is € 17,876, simple payback period is 4.7

years, energy saving is 11.5% while reduction in CO2 emissions is 19.98 t/a.

Table 16 Calculation of saving and payback period for the wall

Wall thickness 25 cm Losses before

measures

Losses after

measures Difference

Heat transfer coefficient W/°C.m² 1.78 0.56 1.22

Energy consumption kWh 57,170 18,046 39,123

Expenses € 3,832 1,210 2,623

Investment: RSD 1,026,216 = € 9,502

Simple payback period 3.6 years

13

Table 17 Calculation of saving and payback period for the wall

Wall thickness 52 cm Losses before

measures

Losses after

measures Difference

Heat transfer coefficient W/°C.m² 1.1 0.47 0.63

Energy consumption kWh 31,214 13,258 17,956

Expenses € 2,092 889 1,204

Investment: RSD 904,500 = € 8,375

Simple payback period 7 years

Table 18 Calculation of saving and payback period for the walls of objects

Total investment: 17,876 €

Total savings 3,826 €

Simple payback period 4.7 years

Implementation of a thermal insulation in the roof

Existing roofs of both buildings are pitched (100) and covered with tiles. The roof has no ceiling insulation. It

is recomanded to put styrofoam, thicknes of 10 cm and layer of plaster, thicknes of 2,5 cm as insulation

material on ceilings surface area 644 m2. Insulation characteristics for styrofoam is λ=0.041 W/m°C. Tables

19 presents calculation of energy saving for recomanded energy efficiency measures, expences and simple

payback period of insulation of the roof. Investment of such measure would be € 5,155, simple payback

period 1.7 year and energy saving 9.2 %. Unit price of the implementation of insulation on ceilings surface is

calculated as 8 €/m2.

Table 19 Calculation of energy saving for proposed measure

Roof of new object Losses before

measures

Losses after

measures Difference

Heat transfer coefficient W/°C.m² 1.35 0.31 1.04

Energy consumption kWh 59,061 13,605 45,456

Expenses € 3,959 912 3,047

Investment: RSD 556,740 = € 5,155

Simple payback period 1.7 years

Implementation of a thermal insulation of the ground floor

Existing ground floor is not insulated. Recommended measure of thermal insulation would be applied on the

ground floor surface of 644 m2, with a layer of styrodur, thickness 10 cm, and cement layer, thickness 4 cm.

The floor in the building of general practice is covered with plastic tiles and it is expected to be covered with

laminate, as is the case with the floor in the building of accounting. Price of investment is €12,888, and

simple payback period is 4.3 years. This is very payable measure which brings 9.1 % energy saving (Tab. 20,

21, 22).

14

Table 20 Calculation of energy saving for proposed measure - Ground floor insulation in the building of

general practice

Ground floor in the building

of general practice

Losses before

measures

Losses after

measures Difference

Heat transfer coefficient W/°C.m² 1.54 0.32 1.22

Energy consumption kWh 42,058 8,610 33,448

Expenses € 2,819 577 2,242

Investment: RSD 870,480 = € 8,060

Simple payback period 3.6 years

Table 21 Calculation of energy saving for proposed measure - Ground floor insulation in the building of

accounting

Ground floor in the building

of general practice

Losses before

measures

Losses after

measures Difference

Heat transfer coefficient W/°C.m² 1.03 0.32 0.72

Energy consumption kWh 16,872 5,157 11,714

Expenses € 1,131 346 785

Investment: RSD 521,424 = € 4,828

Simple payback period 6.1 years

Table 22 Calculation of energy saving for proposed measure - Ground floor insulation

Total investment: 12,888 €

Total savings: 3,027 €

Simple payback period 4.3 years

4.2 Building energy infrastructure improvement

Installation of balancing valves

The existing heating network is not balanced. Each riser should be equipped with a balancing valve for

adjusting the flow in each riser. This will help in preventing overheating. The prices of installation of

balancing valves include purchase, transport and adoption of pipe connection. Table 23 presents calculation

of energy savings for proposed measure.

Table 23: Installation of balancing valves and calculation of energy savings for proposed measure

Number of columns 33 -

Cost per column 50 €

Total investment 1,650 €

Estimated savings [%] 2 %

Estimated annual energy savings 9,890 kWh

Estimated annual cost savings 663 €

Simple pay back 2.5 год.

Installation of thermoregulation valves (TRV)

Measure for implementation of thermostatic radiator valves is also proposed. We propose to install 66 pieces

of TRVs. Price for installation of one TRV is around 20 €. Installation price for thermoregulation valves

include purchase, transport, discharge of installation, removal of existing radiator valve and adoption of pipe

connection. We have assumed the percentage of energy savings of 10 % for this measure. Table 24 presents

calculation of energy savings for proposed measure.

15

Investment of €1,320 has simple payback period less than heating season. Energy saving is presumed as

10%. This is very payable and acceptable measure.

Table 24: Calculation of energy savings for proposed measure

Existing annual heating consumption 494,516 kWh

Estimated annual energy savings 49,452 kWh

Cost of heat 0.067 €/kWh

Estimated annual cost savings 3,315 €

Total investment 1,320 €

Payback 0.4 год.

4.3 Improvement of hot water boiler operation - switching fuel type

In the Table 25 are compared two fuels: natural gas (modern condensing boiler) and soybean straw, as a

representative of biomass that has the lowest equivalent price in the market, and thus the fastest payback

period of investment. The analysis revealed that the favorable variant is soybean straw combustion in a boiler

with a simple investment return periods of 0.4 years. A simple payback period for condensing boilers to

natural gas is 0.9 years.

Table 25 Different types of biomass

Equivalent

price

1 kWh

Total

efficiency

rate of

heating

system

Final price of energy Price of heating

din/kWh % din/kWh €/kWh din/god. €/god.

Soy bean straw 1.16 71 % 1.63 0.015 552,852 5,119

Natural gas 4.00 85 % 4.72 0.044 1,598,400 14,800

In the table 26 is presented simple payback period of investment in installing a new condensing boiler to

natural gas and in the table 27 is presented simple payback period of investment in installing a biomass

boiler to soybean straw. It could be noted that both measures are very payable in a short time.

Table 26 Calculation of simple payback period of investment: building in condensation boiler to natural gas

Annual energy needs 338,249 kWh/a

Price for heating using natural gas 0.044 €/kWh

Annual costs for energy 14,800 €/a

Unite price of СО2 15 €/t

Annual consumption of natural gas 33,825 m3/a

Annual emission of СО2 from natural gas 68 tCO2/a

Market price of СО2 1,015 €/a

Investment in boiler 7,160 €

Saving 7,874 €/a

Simple payback period 0.9 година

Table 27 Calculation of simple payback period of investment: building in boiler to soy bean straw

16

Annual energy needs 338,249 kWh/a

Price for heating using natural gas 0.015 €/kWh

Annual costs for energy 5,119 €/a

Unite price of СО2 15 €/t

Annual consumption of natural gas 79 t/a

Annual emission of СО2 from natural gas 101 tCO2/a

Market price of СО2 1,522 €/a

Investment in boiler 6,000 €

Saving 17,555 €/a

Simple payback period 0.4 година

4.4 Lighting

Existing lighting could be improved by switching from incandescent lamps to energy saving ones. The price

of energy saving bulb of 25 W is about 300 RSD. By switching 46 incandescent lamps with energy saving

ones, an energy saving of 4.6 kW is reached what represents 9% of total electric energy. Total investment is

€128 and simple payback period is 0.6 year (Tab. 28).

Table 28 Switching of incandescent bulbs with energy saving ones

Current electrisity consumption 38,440 kWh

Anual saving in kWh 3,450 kWh

Electricity price 0.062 €/kWh

Anual saving in € 214 €

Total investment 128 €

Simple payback period 0.6 год.

4.5 Introduction the energy management procedures

Energy management practice should be upgraded so that systematic monitoring and targeting techniques are

implemented. A closer cooperation between energy and end users departments will be beneficiary for the

overall school efficiency.

Introduction the energy management procedures understand follows:

• Monitoring & targeting activities

• Training and motivation of personnel

• Energy data collection, analysis and interpretation

• Operational management improvement

• Maintenance service improvement

• Instrumentation and metering systems upgrading

Effect of implementation is difficult to determine precisely. Savings are from 3% to 5%, based on school and

education sector experiences and specialized literature. In case of health center, we could expect 3%

approximately, because energy management already exist. Potential is recognized by performance indicators

created by available data (collected or experienced) and with a certain degree of reliable, savings could be in

scope from 1,500 EURO/a to 1,800 EURO/a.

If assume that sophisticated equipment, instruments, hardware and software etc. then training of the staff,

additional time etc. requires investment more than 5,000€ (mostly in first year), then simple payback period

is above 3 years.

17

5. CONCLUSION

In Tab. 29 are presented proposed measures for energy efficiency improvement. Here are calculated simple

paybacks periods with and without calculation СО2 emission. Although at this moment СО2 emission does

not influence to energy price, it is only a matter of time.

Table 29 Proposed energy efficiency measures

Proposed EE

measures

Investment

(€)

Energy

saved

(kWh/a)

Annual

saving

(€/a)

Simple

payback

period

(a)

Energy

saving

(%)

Remaining

needed

energy

(%)

СО2

emission

reduction

(tCO2/a)

Saving by

СО2

emission

reduction

(€/a)

Simple

payback

period with

included

СО2

emission

reduction

(a)

1. Walls

insulation 17,876 57,079.60 3,826.38 4.67 11.5 88.5 19.98 299.7 4.3

2. Ground

floor

insulation

12,888 45,162.05 3,027.47 4.26 9.1 909 15.81 237.1 3.9

3. Roof

insulation 5,155 45,455.71 3,047.16 1.69 9.2 90.8 15.91 238.6 1.6

4.

Temperatur

e control

1,320 49,451.60 3,315.03 0.40 10.0 90.0 17.31 259.6 0.4

5.

Balancing

pipe

network

1,650 9,890.32 663.01 2.49 2.9 97.1 5.06 75.9 2.2

6. Building

in gas

condensatio

n boiler

7,160 81,145.58 7,874.46 0.91 16.4 83.6 24.34 365.2 0.9

7.

Replaceme

nt of

incandesce

nt bulbs

128 3,450.00 213.80 0.60 9.0 91.0 15.53 233.0 0.3

8. EMS

procedures 5,000 14,835.48 994.51 5.03 3 96 5.19 77.9 4.7

9. Building

in biomass

boiler

6,000 15,282.33 17,555.30 0.34 3 97 5.35 80.2 0.3

18

According to data given in Table 29 it can be seen that the shortest payback period of investment (up to 3

years) is gained with: building in biomass boiler, replacement of incandescent bulbs, building in gas

condensation boiler. Particularly noteworthy is building in gas condensation boiler since it introduces 16.4 %

energy saving with short payback period.

Some of the measures bring high energy saving, like replacement of conventional boiler with condensation

one (16,4 %), wall insulation (11.5 %) and temperature control (10.8 %).

In Tab. 30 are proposed different investment packages.

Tab. 30 Proposed investment packages

Package Measures from

Tab. 29 Investment Energy

saving

Expences

reduction

Simple

payback

period

Energy

saved

€ kWh/a €/a a %

1. Мере 1, 2, 3 35,919 147,697 9,901 3.6 29.9

2. Мере 4, 5, 8 7,970 74,177 4,972 1.6 16

3. Мере 1, 2, 3, 4

(макс. енерг.

уштеде)

37,239 197,149 13,216 2.8 39.9

4. Мера 9 6,000 15,282 17,555 0.4 3

5. Мера 6 7,160 81,146 7,874 0.9 16.4

6. Мере 1, 2, 3, 4,

5, 7, 8 44,017 225,324 15,087 2.9 54.8

COMMENT:

First package of measures includes building envelop reconstruction and has payback period of 3.6 years what

is very favorable. Addition positive effect is energy saving of 29.9 %. Emission of CO2 would be reduced for

51.7 t per year.

Second package includes measures applied on heat distribution equipment. Even though investment is

relatively small, € 7,970, in very short period of time (1.6 years) a significant energy saving can be reach (16

%). This measure leads to reduction of СО2 emission of 27.6 t per year. This measure should be priority one.

Third package of measures combines measures with the highest energy savings (building in gas condensation

boiler, ground floor insulation and roof insulation). Energy saving would be 39.9 %, and simple payback

period 2.8 years. This measure leads to reduction of СО2 emission of 69 t per year.

Fourth package plans replacing oil boiler with biomass boiler . Energy saving would be 3 %, and simple

payback period 0.4 years. This measure leads to reduction of СО2 emission of 5.35 t per year.

Fifth package plans replacing oil boiler with gas condensation boiler . Energy saving would be 16.4 %, and

simple payback period 0.9 years. This measure leads to reduction of СО2 emission of 24.34 t per year.

Sixth measure includes almost all measures of EE. Simple payback period would be 2.9 years, what is

economically feasible. This package gives 54.8 % energy saving and CО2 emission reduction of 94.8 t/a.