Tissues of vertabrates Premedical 22. Tissues = cells of specific structure and the same function...
-
Upload
dina-simpson -
Category
Documents
-
view
214 -
download
1
Transcript of Tissues of vertabrates Premedical 22. Tissues = cells of specific structure and the same function...
![Page 1: Tissues of vertabrates Premedical 22. Tissues = cells of specific structure and the same function four basic (primar) types of tissue: 1. Epithelia –](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032723/56649f555503460f94c78c28/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Tissues of vertabrates
Premedical 22
![Page 2: Tissues of vertabrates Premedical 22. Tissues = cells of specific structure and the same function four basic (primar) types of tissue: 1. Epithelia –](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032723/56649f555503460f94c78c28/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Tissues = cells of specific structure and the same function
four basic (primar) types of tissue:
1. Epithelia – ectoderm, mesoderm, endoderm
2. Connective tissue - mesoderm
3. Muscular tissue - mesoderm
4. Nervous tissue - ectoderm
![Page 3: Tissues of vertabrates Premedical 22. Tissues = cells of specific structure and the same function four basic (primar) types of tissue: 1. Epithelia –](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032723/56649f555503460f94c78c28/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
1. Epithelia
form sheets of cells that cover the outer surface of the body
and line the interior surface of the body cavities and of
hollow body organs.
The cells fits very closely together and plasma membranes are
fused by tight junctions
The epithelia are among the most rapidly dividing of all cell
types.
The epithelia cells are support by connective tissue =
basement membrane, to which are cells attached.
![Page 4: Tissues of vertabrates Premedical 22. Tissues = cells of specific structure and the same function four basic (primar) types of tissue: 1. Epithelia –](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032723/56649f555503460f94c78c28/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
1. fusion of endothelial and epithelial cells - in kidneys and alveoli
2. epithelial cells with fibrous tissue
Basement membrane - thin sheet of fibers that underlies
the epithelium, or the endothelium, which lines the interior surface of
blood vessels
http://www.thefullwiki.org/Basement_membrane
![Page 5: Tissues of vertabrates Premedical 22. Tissues = cells of specific structure and the same function four basic (primar) types of tissue: 1. Epithelia –](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032723/56649f555503460f94c78c28/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Single layer of squamous flat cells – flat and thin
Single layer of cuboidal cells
Single layer of columnar cells
Single layer of columnar cells with microvili
Stratified e. of cuboidal cells
Stratified Squamous Epithelium (non-keratinized)
Stratified Squamous Epithelium (keratinized)
Transitional e. with cells in a stretched or realxed state
Pseudostratified Ciliated Columnar Epithelial Tissue
http://www.thefullwiki.org/Squamous_epithelium
![Page 7: Tissues of vertabrates Premedical 22. Tissues = cells of specific structure and the same function four basic (primar) types of tissue: 1. Epithelia –](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032723/56649f555503460f94c78c28/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Simple columnar epithel – gal gladder
Vesica fellea
Hematoxylin-Eozin
![Page 8: Tissues of vertabrates Premedical 22. Tissues = cells of specific structure and the same function four basic (primar) types of tissue: 1. Epithelia –](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032723/56649f555503460f94c78c28/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Single layer of columnar cells (2) with microvili (3) - oviduct
1 - lamina propria, 4 – gland cells
![Page 9: Tissues of vertabrates Premedical 22. Tissues = cells of specific structure and the same function four basic (primar) types of tissue: 1. Epithelia –](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032723/56649f555503460f94c78c28/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Stratified e. of cuboidal cells with microvilli (2) - trachea
1 - submucosa
![Page 10: Tissues of vertabrates Premedical 22. Tissues = cells of specific structure and the same function four basic (primar) types of tissue: 1. Epithelia –](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032723/56649f555503460f94c78c28/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Stratified Squamous Epithelium (1) (non-keratinized)
Uterus :2 - submucosa
![Page 11: Tissues of vertabrates Premedical 22. Tissues = cells of specific structure and the same function four basic (primar) types of tissue: 1. Epithelia –](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032723/56649f555503460f94c78c28/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Stratified Squamous Epithelium (keratinized) – Cutis - Skin
![Page 12: Tissues of vertabrates Premedical 22. Tissues = cells of specific structure and the same function four basic (primar) types of tissue: 1. Epithelia –](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032723/56649f555503460f94c78c28/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Transitional Epithelium (2) (urinary bladder)
1 – lumen of vesica urinaria, 3 - Lamina propria mucosae
![Page 13: Tissues of vertabrates Premedical 22. Tissues = cells of specific structure and the same function four basic (primar) types of tissue: 1. Epithelia –](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032723/56649f555503460f94c78c28/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Function of epithelial tissue
• protection and cover - the skin - protect from mechanical injury, harmful chemicals, invading bacteria
and from excessive loss of water
• sensation - specialized epithelial cells containing sensory nerve endings for the reception of stimuli are found in the skin, eyes, ears, nose and on the tongue
• secretion – glands - epithelial tissue is specialized to synthetize and secrete specific chemical substances such as enzymes, hormones and lubricating fluids
![Page 14: Tissues of vertabrates Premedical 22. Tissues = cells of specific structure and the same function four basic (primar) types of tissue: 1. Epithelia –](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032723/56649f555503460f94c78c28/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Glands
• Exocrine secrete enzymes
through ducts, outlets to the surface
mammary, oil and sweat g.
• Endocrine secrete hormones
directly to body fluids, ductless
![Page 15: Tissues of vertabrates Premedical 22. Tissues = cells of specific structure and the same function four basic (primar) types of tissue: 1. Epithelia –](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032723/56649f555503460f94c78c28/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
pancreas
lacteal gland
sebaceous gland
![Page 16: Tissues of vertabrates Premedical 22. Tissues = cells of specific structure and the same function four basic (primar) types of tissue: 1. Epithelia –](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032723/56649f555503460f94c78c28/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
• resorption, absorption - microvilli - certain
epithelial cells line the small intestine absorb nutrients
from the digestion of food
• respiratory, diffusion - simple epithelium promotes
the diffusion of gases, liquids and nutrients. Because
they form such a thin lining, they are ideal for the
diffusion of gases (eg. walls of capillaries and lungs).
Specializations: cilia, microvilli, goblet cells
![Page 17: Tissues of vertabrates Premedical 22. Tissues = cells of specific structure and the same function four basic (primar) types of tissue: 1. Epithelia –](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032723/56649f555503460f94c78c28/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
2. Connective tissuebinds, supports, protects and repairs of almost every
tissue and organ Consists of a few cells and intercellular substance with
fibers: Collagenous - strong and flexible
Clastic - resilient, and can be stretched
Reticular – form extensive network
Cells: Fibroblasts – fibrous and amorphous material
Cartilage cells, (chondrocytes)
Bone cells (osteoblasts and osteocytes)
Fat cells (adipocytes)
Mast cells, Macrophages, Leucocytes, Plasma cells
![Page 18: Tissues of vertabrates Premedical 22. Tissues = cells of specific structure and the same function four basic (primar) types of tissue: 1. Epithelia –](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032723/56649f555503460f94c78c28/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Fibroblasts with dark nuclei [A] are seen here along with thick collagen fibers [B], thin elastic fibers [C] and very fine reticular fibers [D].
![Page 19: Tissues of vertabrates Premedical 22. Tissues = cells of specific structure and the same function four basic (primar) types of tissue: 1. Epithelia –](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032723/56649f555503460f94c78c28/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Connective tissue
Loose conn. tissue soft, pliable
Areolar loosely organized fibers, abundant of blood vessels
and empty space, associated with muscles and epithelia,
pack and bind the material in the body
Adipose white, brown – food supply, protection, heat loss
Dense conn. tissue - strong, supporting
Cartilage
Bone
Dense regular fibrous tissue - Ligament, Tendon,
Aponeurosis
irregular fibrous tissue - deep fascia - capsules
Blood and lymph an hemopoetic tissue
![Page 20: Tissues of vertabrates Premedical 22. Tissues = cells of specific structure and the same function four basic (primar) types of tissue: 1. Epithelia –](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032723/56649f555503460f94c78c28/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Vertical section of duodenum: 1 - Tunica mucosa, 2 - Tunica submucosa, 3 – Brunner gland
tendon
white, brown adipose tissue
![Page 21: Tissues of vertabrates Premedical 22. Tissues = cells of specific structure and the same function four basic (primar) types of tissue: 1. Epithelia –](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032723/56649f555503460f94c78c28/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Cartilage
Chondrocytes - network of collagen fibers (elastin)
embedded in proteoglycans
Strong, flexible and firm, without blood vessels
Perichondrium
hyaline cartilage – the most abundant, surfaces of long
bones and joints (knee, elbow), rib cartilages, respiratory sys.
fibrous cartilage - intervertebral discs, pelvic bones fuse
elastic cartilage – coll. fibers in network of elastic fibers
epiglottis, outer ear
![Page 22: Tissues of vertabrates Premedical 22. Tissues = cells of specific structure and the same function four basic (primar) types of tissue: 1. Epithelia –](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032723/56649f555503460f94c78c28/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
hyaline cartilage
elastic cartilage - epiglottis1 – elastic cartilage, 2 - perichondrium, 3 – seromucin glands, 4 - Tunica mucosa
![Page 23: Tissues of vertabrates Premedical 22. Tissues = cells of specific structure and the same function four basic (primar) types of tissue: 1. Epithelia –](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032723/56649f555503460f94c78c28/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
BoneProduce red and white blood cells – red and yellow marrow
Bone store minerals and most notably
calcium and phosphorus (calcium phosphate 2/3, calcium
hydroxiapatit 1/3)
Osteocytes - collagenous substance mineralized, hard and
rigid
Ossification (or osteogenesis)
Intramembranous ossification is the direct laying down of
bone into the primitive connective tissue (mesenchyme)
endochondral ossification involves cartilage as a precursor
![Page 24: Tissues of vertabrates Premedical 22. Tissues = cells of specific structure and the same function four basic (primar) types of tissue: 1. Epithelia –](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032723/56649f555503460f94c78c28/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
1. periosteum2. compact bone3. spongy bone4. Bone marrow – medulla• Diaphysis• Epiphysis
http://doctorsgate.blogspot.com/2010/11/compact-vs-spongy-bones.html
![Page 25: Tissues of vertabrates Premedical 22. Tissues = cells of specific structure and the same function four basic (primar) types of tissue: 1. Epithelia –](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032723/56649f555503460f94c78c28/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
3. Muscle tissue
Contractile cells, cause movement or change in the
shape of some body part
Skeletal muscleContractions (rapid) sustainable for short times.
Control by our will, spinal and cerebral nerves
Bundles of fibers attached to bones or connective tissue
Multinucleated syncytial cells by fusion of myoblast cells,
Their nuclei are located peripherally adjacent to the plasma
membrane (sarcolemma).
![Page 26: Tissues of vertabrates Premedical 22. Tissues = cells of specific structure and the same function four basic (primar) types of tissue: 1. Epithelia –](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032723/56649f555503460f94c78c28/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Skeletal and muscles of tongue
and pharynx
Skeletal muscle
![Page 27: Tissues of vertabrates Premedical 22. Tissues = cells of specific structure and the same function four basic (primar) types of tissue: 1. Epithelia –](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032723/56649f555503460f94c78c28/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Smooth muscle
Walls of abdominal organs, blood vessels, digestive
system, uteri, gall bladder, dermis
Slow and wavelike contractions
Composed of sheets or bundles of relatively short,
spindle-shaped cells
Muscle are not striated, and have a single central
nucleus. Cells are interconnected by gap junctions.
Controll by autonomic [vegetative] nerves
![Page 28: Tissues of vertabrates Premedical 22. Tissues = cells of specific structure and the same function four basic (primar) types of tissue: 1. Epithelia –](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032723/56649f555503460f94c78c28/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
![Page 29: Tissues of vertabrates Premedical 22. Tissues = cells of specific structure and the same function four basic (primar) types of tissue: 1. Epithelia –](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032723/56649f555503460f94c78c28/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Cardiac muscle
Wall of the heart and pulmonary veins
Composed of branching and anastomosing chains of cardiac
muscle cells
They are joined to their neighbours by intercalated discs,
which contain anchors and gap junctions.
The adherent junctions and desmosomes physically connect
the cytoskeletons and contractile apparatuses of the
neighboring cells.
Control by autonomic [vegetative] nerves
![Page 30: Tissues of vertabrates Premedical 22. Tissues = cells of specific structure and the same function four basic (primar) types of tissue: 1. Epithelia –](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032723/56649f555503460f94c78c28/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
![Page 31: Tissues of vertabrates Premedical 22. Tissues = cells of specific structure and the same function four basic (primar) types of tissue: 1. Epithelia –](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032723/56649f555503460f94c78c28/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Muscle - structure
A.Muscle with fascia
e. tendon
f. bundle of fibers
B. Fiber
C. Myofibril from
sarkomers
g. actin
h. myosin
![Page 32: Tissues of vertabrates Premedical 22. Tissues = cells of specific structure and the same function four basic (primar) types of tissue: 1. Epithelia –](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032723/56649f555503460f94c78c28/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Myofibrils composed of actin (thin) and myosin
(thick) filaments and associated proteins.
The regular repeating segments, sacromeres of
myofibrils give skeletal and cardiac muscle cells
transverse striations.
In smooth muscle cells, actin and myosin filaments
form contractile fibers, which do not appear as
highly organized as myofibrils
![Page 33: Tissues of vertabrates Premedical 22. Tissues = cells of specific structure and the same function four basic (primar) types of tissue: 1. Epithelia –](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032723/56649f555503460f94c78c28/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
4. Nervous tissue
Specialized, electrically excitable cells
neurons, which conduct impulses and
numerous supporting cells, glial cells
Extensive network that receive, integrate,
coordinate, interpret, and react to
changes.
Cells have long projections, which may run
in bundles of parallel fibers. Molecular Biology of the Cell. 4th edition.Alberts B, Johnson A, Lewis J, et al.
![Page 34: Tissues of vertabrates Premedical 22. Tissues = cells of specific structure and the same function four basic (primar) types of tissue: 1. Epithelia –](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032723/56649f555503460f94c78c28/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
neuron
• Centripetal fibers - dendrits
• centrifugal fibers – neurits – axons
neuroglie
Oligodendrocytes, Schwann cells - origin of
neurolemma which cohere with sheath myelin
Nerves - grey and white fibers
with or without myelin sheet
![Page 35: Tissues of vertabrates Premedical 22. Tissues = cells of specific structure and the same function four basic (primar) types of tissue: 1. Epithelia –](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032723/56649f555503460f94c78c28/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
histology-world.com
![Page 36: Tissues of vertabrates Premedical 22. Tissues = cells of specific structure and the same function four basic (primar) types of tissue: 1. Epithelia –](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032723/56649f555503460f94c78c28/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Thank you for your attention