Tissue culture

Emerging Food Technologies Presentation Series - 2016

University of Sri Jayewardanepura

TISSUE CULTURE

Dasun Chanaka SuvimalAS2013733



About meI’m Dasun Chanaka and my home town is Galle.My school is Richmond College.I’m a simple man and believe “when nothing goes right go left”.I interest in applications of novel technologies and photography.

“You can not stop the waves But you can learn to surf”



OVER VIEW• Introduction• Classification • Critical requirements• Plant tissue culture• Animal cell culture• How to apply food industry



• Tissue culture has become one of the major tools used in life sciences today.

• Tissue culture is the general term for the removal of cells, tissues or organisms from an animal or plant and their subsequent placement into an artificial environment conductive to growth.

INTRODUCTION



• This is typically facilitaed via use of liquid,semi solid or solid growth medium such as broth or agar.

• It consist of nutrients,vitamins,sugars and hormones.

• Tissue culture products are clones which have same genotype unless affected by mutation during culture.

• In vitro and in vivo



• In vitroKeep out side their normal biological context.Colloquially called as test tube experiments.Done in test tubes,flasks,petri dishes etc• In vivoLiving organisms of usually animals including plants as opposed to a partial or dead organism (within the glass)



• Two types based on medium1. Plant tissue cultureTISSUE SAMPLE SCRAPED FROM PARENT PLANT TISSUE SAMPLES PLACED IN MEDIUM SAMPLES DEVELOP PLANTLETS PLANTED IN TO COMPOST

2. Animal tissue cultureCell culture/organ culture

Classification



• Both plant and animal has several requirments. Appropriate tissue. Suitable growth medium Aseptic conditions Growth regulators Frequent sub culturing

Critical requirments



• Where we make clones of plants from different techniques.

• This may offer certain advantages over traditional methods of propagation.They are,

Production of exact copies of plants .Quickly produce mature plantsReduce risk of diseasesGet “cleaned stock ” plants

Plant tissue culture



• Plant tissue culture relies on “totipotency”.• Single cells, plant cells without protoplast, pieces of

leaves, roots can be used to generate a new plant. Steps of culturing plant tissue• Selection of plant tissue (ex plant)• Then it should be sterilized.• Establishment of ex plant in a culture medium.• Each plant species has particular medium

requirments that must be establised by



trail and error.• Multipication-explant gives callus which is

manipulated by varying sugar concentration and auxin cytokinin ratio.

• The callus may be subdivided by number of times.• Root formation• Rooted shoots are potted up



• Micropropagation• Large scale of growth of plant cells rather than plants

for advantageous characters.• Crossing distantly related plants.• Single cell culture are useful in genetic morphological

studies.• Rescue plants from attack by pathogens.

Applications of plant tissue culture



• Culture of whole organisms ,tissue fragments as well as dispersed cells on a nutrient medium.

• Two areas1. Organ culture2. Cell culture

Animal tissue culture



Sterile work areaIncubation facilitiesMicroscopesRefigerator and freezerFacilities for counting cellsCentrifugersWashing up equipments

Bacic equipment and facilities



• When the cells are removed from the organ fragments prior to or during cultivation,thus disrupting their normal relationships with neighbouring cells,it is called “cell culture”.

• How are cell cultures obtained?• Two methods• Explant culture and enzymatic dissociation

Cell culture



• Sub culturingNew cell culture made by transferring from previous culture to fresh growth medium.• Problems faced by cultured cells1. Avoiding contamination(chemical/biological)2. Find a “happy environment”• Uses of cell cultureModel systems,Toxicity testing,Cancer research,Virology,Cell based manufacturing,Gene therapy



THANK YOU

Tissue culture

Education

Transcript of Tissue culture