Tirphal in pandu, dg

“A CLINICAL EVALUATION OF MADHURA-TRIPHALA IN

THE MANAGEMENTOF IRON DEFICIENCY ANAEMIA”

By

Dr. Patil Ramgonda. S.

A dissertation submitted to the

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In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of

AYURVEDA VACHASPATHI - M.D (AYURVEDA)

In

DRAVYAGUNA

Under the guidance of

Dr. SUBHASH.V.BAGADE BAMS., MD (Ayu).

Co-guide

Dr. Sanjeev. L. Athani. BAMS., MD (AYU)

SHRI. J. G. C. H. SOCIETY’S

AYURVEDIC MEDICAL COLLEGE, GHATAPRABHA.

2010

RAJIV GANDHI UNIVERSITY OF HEALTH SCIENCES,

KARNATAKA, BANGALORE.



POST GRADUATE DEPARTMENT

OF

DRAVYAGUNA

Certificate by the guide

This is to certify that the dissertation entitled “A Clinical

Evaluation of Madhura-Triphala in the Management of Iron

deficiency Anaemia” is a bonafide research work done by Dr. Patil

Ramgonda. S. in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of

Ayurveda Vachaspathi – M.D (Ayurveda) in DRAVYAGUNA.

Date:

Place: Ghataprabha

Signature of the Guide

Prof. Dr. Subhash Bagade. BAMS., MD (Ayu)

Asst.prof. Department of Dravyaguna

Shri. J. G. C. H. Society’s

Ayurvedic Medical College, Ghataprabha.




AYURVEDIC MEDICAL COLLEGE , GHATAPRABHA.


OF

DRAVYAGUNA

Certificate by the co-guide




Ramgonda. S. in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree

of Ayurveda Vachaspathi – M.D (Ayurveda) in DRAVYAGUNA.

Date:

Place: Ghataprabha

Signature of the co- guide

Dr.Sanjeev. L. Athani BAMS, MD (Ayu)

Lect. Department of Dravyaguna

Shri. J. G. C. H. Society’s

Ayurvedic Medical College, Ghataprabha.






OF

DRAVYAGUNA

Endorsement by the HOD, Principal/Head of the institution




Ramgonda. S. under the guidance of Dr. Subhash Bagade Assistant

Professor. Department of Dravyaguna.

Date:

Place: Ghataprabha

Seal and signature of the Principal

Prof. Dr.J.K.Sharma

MD (Ayu)

Shri. J. G. C. H. Society’s Ayurvedic

Medical College, Ghataprabha.

Seal and signature of the HOD

Dr.Mayuresh Agate

BAMS., MD (Ayu)

Prof. HOD, Department of Dravyaguna

Shri. J. G. C. H. Society’s Ayurvedic

Medical College, Ghataprabha.

Date: Place: Bidar






OF

DRAVYAGUNA

Declaration by the candidate

I here by declare that this dissertation/ thesis “A Clinical


deficiency Anaemia” is a bonafide and genuine research work carried

out by me under the guidance of Dr. Subhash Bagade Asst Professor.

Department of Dravyaguna.

Date:

Place: Ghataprabha.

Signature of the candidate

Dr. Patil Ramgonda. S.




AYURVEDIC MEDICAL COLLEGE , GHATAPRABHA.


OF

DRAVYAGUNA

Copyright Declaration by the candidate

I here by declare that the Rajiv Gandhi University of Health

Sciences, Karnataka shall declare the rights to preserve, use and

disseminate this dissertation/ thesis in print or electronic format for

academic/ research purpose.

Date:

Place: Ghataprabha

Signature of the candidate

Dr. Patil Ramgonda S.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

i

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I wish to record my gratitude towards the reverend President His Holiness Shri

Jagadguru Gurusiddeshwara Mahaswamiji, Murusavira Matha, Hubli. And Shri

B.R.Patil, Chairman, Shri. J. G. Co-op. Hospital Society and Research centre,

Ghataprabha, for their noble support.

I am very much indebted to my esteemed and respected guide

Asst Prof. Dr.Subhash Bagade, M.D(Ayu), Registrar P.G. faculty, Department of

Dravyaguna, for providing an opportunity to carry out this work under his able

guidance. I will be ever grateful for his invaluable guidance, constructive suggestions,

love and affection and thought provoking ideas in every stage of this work.

I consider it a great privilege to record my deepest sense of gratitude to my

mentor and co-guide Dr.Sanjeev Athani, MD (Ayu), PG. Department of Dravyaguna,

Shri. J.G.C.H.Society’s Ayurvedic Medical College and Research centre,

Ghataprabha for his all timely support.

It is my duty to thank and profound sense of respect to Dr.B.K.H.Patil, CEO,

Shri. J. G. Co-op. Hospital Society and Research centre, Ghataprabha for providing

me an opportunity in the institution for my Post Graduate Studies. I also express my

sincere gratitude to and offer my sincere thanks to Dr.C.S.Banakar, Medical

Superintendent for his kind support and co-operation.

I also express my sincere gratitude to and offer my sincere thanks to

Dr. J.K.Sharma, Principal, Shri. J.G.C.H.Society’s Ayurvedic Medical College and

Research centre, Ghataprabha for their scholarly influence during my study.

I offer my sincere thanks to Dr. Mayuresh Agte, HOD Dravyaguna Dpt. Shri.

J.G.C.H.Society’s Ayurvedic Medical College and Research centre, Ghataprabha for

their scholarly influence during my study.

I take this opportunity to convey my thanks to my teachers Dr.C.S.Maladkar,

Dr.K.P.Pattnaik, Dr.S.D.Byadigi, Dr.Arun Naragund, Dr.Raghvendra Kolachi.

Dr.S.B.Chougula, Dr.Prabhakar Naik, and also thank Mr.S.B.Chalageri, Librarian,

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

ii

and all the other technical and non-technical staff of the college for their co-operation

and help.

In this precious moment I appreciate the efforts of my parents Shri.

Shivgonda.B.Patil. and Sou. Mahadevi.S.Patil, my younger brother Dr.Raygonda and

my younger sister Dr.Vaishali as they are cause for me to take this noble profession

and shaped me into what I am today. I have not been able to find words enough to

express my sentiments of love, respect, and gratitude for them.

I, in this special moment, should be very thankful to Mr.Rajshakar Patil,

Mr.Shivangouda Patil, Dr.Girish Deshmukha, Dr.Varun, Dr.Yashawant, Dr.Santosh

M, Mr.Kallappa S, Mr.Pramod K, Mr.Siddusing H, Mr.Ganesh M, and my dear

friends for their advice not only in this work but throughout my entire P.G. Studies.

My special acknowledgements to all my senior colleagues, Dr.Manjunath L,

Dr.Rahul Y, Dr.Shridhar, Dr.Shivashankarprasad, my colleagues Dr. Laxman Dr. Yati

and my Junior colleagues Dr.Appanna, Dr.Mosin and Dr.Vinayaka for their

wonderful co-operation during my entire course.

Lastly I acknowledge my thanks to those who have directly or indirectly

extended their support for the completion of my work.

Dr Ramgonda. Patil.

ABBREVIATIONS

iii

ABBREVIATIONS

A.WØû : Ashtanga Hrudaya

cÉ.xÉÇ : Charaka Samhita

ÌlÉ.AÉ : Nighantu Adarsha

ÌmÉë.ÌlÉ : Priya Nighantu

kÉ.ÌlÉ : Dhanvantari Nighantu

Mæü.ÌlÉ : Kaiyadeva Nighantu

pÉÉ.mÉë : Bhava Prakasha

qÉ.ÌlÉ : Madanapala Nighantu

qÉÉ.S : Maadhava Dravyaguna

UÉ.ÌlÉ : Raja Nighantu

xÉÑ.xÉÇ : Sushrutha Samhita

xÉÑ.xÉÔ : Sushruta Samhita Sutrasthana

zÉÉ.ÌlÉ : Shaligrama Nighantu

A.WØû.ÍcÉ : Ashtanga Hrudaya Chikitsa sthana

A.WØû.E : Ashtanga Hrudaya Uttartantra

A.H.Sa : Ashtanga Hrudaya Shareera

API : Ayurvedic Pharmacopiea of India

cÉ.ÍcÉ : Charaka Samhita Chikitsa sthana

cÉ.xÉ.xÉÑ : Charaka Samhita Sutrasthana

cÉ.xÉ.ÌuÉ : Charaka samhita vimaana sthana

cÉ.xÉ.zÉÉ : Charaka samhita shareera sthana

xÉÑ.xÉÑ.ÍcÉ : Sushruta Samhita Chikitsa sthana

xÉÑ.xÉÑ.zÉÉ : Sushruta Samhita shareera sthana

zÉ.Mü.SìÓ / S K D : Shabdakalpadruma

C.D : Chakradatta

S.E.M. : Standard Error of Mean

‘t’ : Paired ‘t’ test

‘p’ : Significant ‘p’ value

B.T. : Before Treatment

A.T. : After Treatment

S.D. : Standard Deviation

LIST OF TABLES AND GRAPHS

i

LIST OF TABLES

SL.NO TABLES

1 Showing Gana and varga of Ghambhari.

2 Showing important Paryaya nama of the Ghambhari.

3 Showing Gunas of Gambhari.

4 Showing important Karmas of Gambhari.

5 Showing important Prayoga of Gambhari in different Vyadhi

6 Showing Vishishta Yoga Of Gambhari

7 Characters of Gmelina arborea Linn. Fruit.

8 Showing Gana and varga of Draksha.

9 Showing important Paryaya nama of the Draksha.

10 Showing Guans of Draksha.

11 Showing important Karmas of Draksha.

12 Showing important Prayoga of Draksha in different Vyadhi

13 Showing Vishishta Yoga of Draksha.

14 Showing Characters of Vitis venifera Dried Fruit.

15 Showing Gana and varga of Kharjura.

16 Showing important Paryaya nama of the Kharjura.

17 Showing Gunas of Kharjura

18 Showing important Karmas of Kharjura.

19 Showing important Prayoga of Kharjura in different Vyadhi.

20 Showing Vishishta Yoga of Kharjura.

21 Characters of Phonex sylvestris Linn fruit.

22 Showing clinical features of Anaemia.

23 Showing Normal values of HB%

24 Showing Grading of Anemia.

25 Showing Clinical grading of Anemia.

26 Showing Nidana of Panduroga.

27 Showing types of Pandu acc to different Authors.

28 Showing Vishista Lakshana’s of Pandu.

29 Showing List of shamana yogas in pandu

30 Showing the Prelimnary Phytochemical Screening.


ii

LIST OF GRAPHS

SL.NO GRAPHS

1 Showing status of patients registered under the study

2 Showing age wise distribution

3 Showing occupation of Patients.

4 Showing socio-economic status.

5 Showing sex wise distribution.

6 Showing diet of patients.

7 Showing the incidence of symptoms seen in patients selected for the study

8 Presenting change in Alaparaktata.

31 Showing results of qualitative chemical tests conducted.

32 Showing results of qualitative chemical tests conducted of

MadhuraTriphala.

33 Showing Physico-Chemical Evaluation of Madhura Triphala

33 Showing status of patients registered under the study

34 Showing age wise distribution

35 Showing occupation of Patients.

36 Showing socio-economic status.

37 Showing sex wise distribution.

38 Showing diet of patients.

39 Showing the incidence of symptoms seen in patients selected for the study.

40 Presenting change in Alaparaktata.

41 Presenting change in Alpamedaska.

42 Presenting change in Nisaar.

43 Presenting change in Shitilandrya.

44 Presenting change in Gatrapida.

45 Presenting change in Aruchi.

46 Presenting change in Nidranasha.

47 Showing mean difference of subjective parameters

48 Presenting change in Haemoglobin Percentage.


iii

9 Presenting change in Alpamedaska.

10 Presenting change in Nisaar.

11 Presenting change in Shitilandrya.

12 Presenting change in Gatrapida.

13 Presenting change in Aruchi.

14 Presenting change in Nidranasha.

15 Showing mean difference of subjective parameters

16 Presenting change in Haemoglobin Percentage.

SCHEMATIC PRESENTATIONS

SL.NO SCHEMATIC PRESENTATIONS

1 Samprapti of Panda roga.

LIST OF PHOTOGRAPHS

PL.NO LIST OF PHOTOGRHAPHS

1 Morphological characters of the Plant

1. Gemilina arboria flower.

2. Gmelina arboria fruits.

3. Vitis vinifera fruits(Grapes).

4. Vitis vinifera dry fruit (Raisins).

5. Phonex sylvestris tree.

6. Phonex sylvestris fruit.

2 Physico-Chemical Analysis

7. Preparation of Ash.

8. Ash of Madhura Triphala.

9. Modaka of Madhura Triphala.

INTRODUCTION

1

INTRODUCTION

Ayurveda, the science of life is as old as the very existence of living

organisms so that the means of survival was always a matter of quest for them and

will always be. Ayurveda is one of the most ancient systems of life, health and cure.

This system of knowledge flourished through over 5000 years and has had an

unbroken tradition of practice down the ages update. It is based on its own unique and

original concepts and fundamental principles. The basic and applied knowledge of

Ayurveda has survived to the present times through its various branches like

DravyaGuna, Kayachikitsa, Shalya Tantra, Shalakya Tantra, Bhaishajya Kalpana,

Rasashastra, etc. The branch DravyaGuna deals with various Aushadi Dravyas, which

one helpful to the treating the various diseases afflicting the human body.

‘xÉqÉSÉåwÉ xÉqÉÉÎalÉ¶É: xÉqÉkÉÉiÉÑqÉsÉÌ¢ürÉ :|

mÉëxÉ³ÉÉAÉiqÉåÎlSìrÉ: qÉlÉ: xuÉxjÉ CirÉÍpÉÌSrÉiÉå’ :|| xÉÑ xÉÑ (15/41)

The problem of nourishment is a world wide; it has been assumed massive

proportion in the underdeveloped and developing countries. Most of the countries in

Asia are either underdeveloped or developing countries. India is one of them and per

capita income in India is very low. An average individual lives below the poverty line

here. Among the different disorders of Nutritional origin, Anemia is one such disorder

which is due to a large number of causes, including nutritional deficiencies, i.e. lack

of essential minerals, vitamins etc in the diet. The commonest type is nutritional

deficiency anemia observed in practice i.e. Iron deficiency anaemia. Children, adult

and females suffer the most from this problem. Iron deficiency is the most common

cause of anemia in the world, especially in menstruating women and the elderly. Iron

deficiency occurs in 11% of adolescent females and women of childbearing age.The

causes of iron deficiency include blood loss, increased requirements relative to intake

(as in pregnancy), and decreased absorption (partial gastrectomy and malabsorption

syndromes) are associated with blood loss, gastrointestinal tract disorders etc.

Humans use iron in the hemoglobin of red blood cells, in order to transport

oxygen from the lungs to the tissues and to export carbon dioxide back to the lungs.

Iron is also an essential component of myoglobin to store and diffuse oxygen in

muscle cells. That oxygen is required for the production and survival of all cells in our

INTRODUCTION

2

bodies. Human bodies tightly regulate iron absorption and recycling. Thus iron is such

an essential element of human life, in fact, that humans have no physiologic

regulatory mechanism for excreting iron.

In the modern medicine, there is good treatment for Anemia with

considerable result but that is only for acute deficiency Anemias, no significant

therapy is there for chronic Anemias which occurs due to metabolic defects. So

Ayurveda can provide better management of this.

The disease characterized by Alaparaktata (panduta) of body, Alpamedaska

(Balahani), Nissara (Ojokshaya), Shitilindrya (Arohanayasa), which strikingly

resembles with ‘Anaemia’ of modern science is Panda. Dhatu which is affected in this

disease is Rakta. Knowing its importance, its function in human body is told as

Jeevana by ancient acharyas and its deficiency leads to lack of nutrition to other

dhatus. Thus leads to above said cardinal symptoms manifesting Pandu. In Ayurveda,

Pandu is considered as a specific disease with its own pathogenesis and treatment

(Cha. Chi. 16, Su. Utt. 44).

Madhuratriphala, which contains fruits of Draksha, Kharjura and Gambhari in

equal quantity, is mentioned for the first time by Narahari pandit in Raj nighantu

(17th

sen AD). As the drug which belongs to this Madhuratriphala have Madhura Rasa,

Madhura Vipaka and Sheet Virya, hence they nourishes all the dhatus, specially Rakta

Dhatu.

Because it is a Prakruti Sama Samavaya combination its pharmacological

properties are not highlighted by Narahari pandita. Hence an attempt is made in this

study to see its efficacy with reference to Iron deficiency Anaemia.

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES

3

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES OF STUDY

Review of the literature:

To review both Ayurveda and modern literature of Madhura Triphala from

various references.

To review literature of Iron deficiency Anaemia from all ancient Samhita’s

and also from recent journals, magazines relating to studies.

Collection and identification of genuine species of Draksha, Kharjura and

Gambhari:

To collect the drugs from its natural habitat, identify and authenticate the

drug botanically, and store it for further study.

Preparation of Kalka:

To prepare the churna of the Ghambhari as per the classics.

Prepare Kalka of Draksha and Kharjura and add the Gambhari phala

Churna Stir well to form a Homogenous mixture

Pharmacognostic and Preliminary phytochemical study of selected drug:

To study the crude drugs under Pharmacognostic scheme and to study the

preliminary tests for phytoconstituents.

Rakta Vardhaka study of the drug:

The present study is to evaluate the efficacy of the drug in Iron Deficiency

Anemia clinically.

DRUG REVIEW - GAMBHARI

4

GAMBHARI

HISTORY:

Gambhari is one of the ingredient of most famous group Dashamula and in

particularly of Bruhat panchamula. It consists of dried fruit of Gmelina arborea Roxb.

(Fam. Verbenaceae), an unarmed tree, found scattered in deciduous forests throughout

the greater part of the country up to an altitude of 500 m, planted in gardens and also

as an avenue tree.

In Charaka Samhita Ghambhari is included in Shothahara, Virechanopaga and

Dahaprashamanadi Gana in Sutrasthana. Also in Chikitsasthana it is mentioned as an

ingredient used in many preparation of Arishta, Kwath, Grutha, Taila, which are used

in various disorders. In Sidhisthana many Basthikalpas are mentioned having

Gambhari as an ingredient such as Patala, Agnimantha, Bilwa, Syonyka, Kasmarya,

Salaparni, Sneha etc used for Anuvasan basti in Udavarta, and Vibhandha.

Sushruta mentioned it under in Brihatpanchamula and Sarivadigana. Even

though Vagbhata followed Charaka and Sushruta he is first to mentioned it in

Phalavarga.

Almost all of the Nighantukaras starting from Ancient period to till date have

mentioned elaborately regarding its Paryays, Guna, Karma, Prayoga and Bheda etc.

aÉhÉ – uÉaÉï

In Vedas and Ayurvedic treatises, drugs have been classified into either

Vargas or Ganas. Etymologically the Varga means a group of limited number of

Dravyas having similar pharmacological actions. Gana consists of large number of

Dravyas having similar pharmacological actions. The other word, which is frequently

used in this connection, is the Skandha, which includes a larger number of Dravyas

specially mentioned with respect to Rasas viz. Madhura skandha etc. The aim of this

type of classification is to summarize the Karma or main use of dravya or dravyas.


5

Table.1 Showing Gana and varga of Ghambhari.

aÉhÉ – uÉaÉï cÉ.xÉÇ xÉÑ.xÉÇ A.WØû kÉ.ÌlÉ qÉ.ÌlÉ qÉÉ.Sì Mæü.ÌlÉ pÉÉ.ÌlÉ UÉ.ÌlÉ ÌlÉ.AÉ ÌmÉë.ÌlÉ

zÉÉåjÉWûU aÉhÉ +

ÌuÉUåcÉlÉÉåmÉaÉ aÉhÉ +

SÉWûmÉëzÉqÉlÉ aÉhÉ +

oÉëÑWèûûiÉmÉlcÉÇqÉÔsÉ aÉhÉ + + +

xÉÉËUuÉÉÌS aÉhÉ + +

AÉæwÉkÉÉÌS uÉaÉï +

aÉÑQÕûcrÉÉÌS uÉaÉï + +

WûËUiÉMrÉÉÌS uÉaÉï + +

ÌlÉaÉÑïhŽÉÌS uÉaÉï +

mÉëpÉSìÉÌS uÉaÉï +

mÉrÉÉïrÉ lÉÉqÉ

A single name is given to many drugs and also a drug may have many

names which themselves are called as Paryaya’s. Names and synonyms were the only

tools to specify the salient features of the plants. Narahari Pandit the author of

Rajanighantu has given seven factors based on which the names were ascribed to the

plants.

1. Rudhi (traditional usage)

2. Prabhava (effect)

3. Deshyokti (habitat)

4. Lanchana (morphological characters)

5. Upama (simile)

6. Virya (potency)

7. Itarahvaya (due to other factors).


6

ÌlÉÂÌ£ü

1. aÇÉqpÉÉUÏ : aÉÇ aÉÌiÉÇ ÌuÉpÉiÉÏïÌiÉ :|| (pÉÉ ÌlÉ )

It beautiful tree growing fastly.

2. MüOèTüsÉÉ : MüOèTüsÉxrÉåuÉ TüsÉqÉxrÉÉ :|| (UÉ ÌlÉ)

Fruits are hard in nature.

3. MüÉzqÉËU : MüÉzÉiÉå mÉëMüÉzÉiÉå CÌiÉ :|| (pÉÉ ÌlÉ)

Beautiful tree like Kumbhe.

4.MüÉzqÉÏËU : MüzqÉÏUÌSmÉëSåzÉåwÉÑ eÉÉrÉqÉÉliuÉiÉ :|| (xÉÉå ÌlÉ)

Found in Kashmir.

5. MÚüwhÉuÉ×liÉÉ : M×üwhÉÇ uÉ×liÉqÉxrÉÉ :|| (pÉÉ ÌlÉ)

Blackish colors petiole. .

6. ÌmÉiÉUÉåÌWûÍhÉ : iuÉcÉ ÌmÉiÉiuÉÉiÉ : |

Yellowish Bark.

7. pÉSìmÉhÉÏï : pÉSìÉÍhÉ mÉhÉÉïlrÉxrÉÉ :|| ( pÉÉ ÌlÉ)

Beautiful leaves.

8 qÉWûÉMÑüÎqpÉ : MÑüÎqpÉxÉSìÓzÉÉ oÉëÑWûiÉÉMüÉU : | (ÌlÉ AÉ)

Big tree, with wide steam.

9. qÉWûÉMÑüxÉÑqÉMüÉ : qÉWûÎliÉ MÑüxÉqÉÉlrÉxrÉÉ : | (pÉÉ ÌlÉ)

Inflorarescence is long.

10. uÉÉiÉWûiÉç: uÉiÉÉxrÉ uÉÉiÉlÉÉÍzÉÌlÉ : | ( xÉÉå ÌlÉ)

Reduce Vatavyadhi.

11. xÉÑTüsÉÉ : zÉÉåpÉlÉÇ TüsÉqÉxrÉÉ :|| (UÉ ÌlÉ)

Fruits are wholesome and used as Rasayana.

12. xjÉÑsÉiuÉcÉÉ : xjÉÑsÉuÉsMüsÉÉ : | (UÉ ÌlÉ)

Bark is thick.

13. Í´ÉmÉhÉÏï : ´ÉÏqÉÎliÉ mÉhÉÉïlrÉxrÉÉ :| (pÉÉ ÌlÉ)

Leaves are beautiful.

14. xÉuÉïiÉÉåpÉSìÉ : xÉuÉïiÉ : MüsrÉÉhÉMüÉUhÉÏ :|| (A ÌlÉ)

It useful in many ways.


7

Table.2 Showing important Paryaya nama of the Ghambhari.

mÉrÉÉïrÉ lÉÉqÉ cÉ.xÉÇ xÉÑ.xÉÇ A.WØû kÉ.ÌlÉ qÉÉ.Sì qÉ.ÌlÉ Mæü.ÌlÉ pÉÉ.ÌlÉ UÉ.ÌlÉ ÌlÉ.AÉ ÌmÉë.ÌlÉ

MüÉzqÉrÉÉï + + + + + + + + + + +

ÌmÉiÉUÉåÌWûÍhÉ + +

qÉkÉÑmÉÍhÉï + + + + +

Í´ÉmÉhÉÏï + + + + +

xÉuÉïiÉÉåpÉSìÉ + +

MüÉzqÉrÉÉï + + + + +

MüOèTüsÉÉ + + + +

WûÏUÉ + + + + +

MüÉzqÉrÉÉï + + + + +

aÉÇqpÉÉUÏ + + + + + + + + + + +

M×üwhÉuÉ×liÉÉ + + + + + + +

pÉSìèmÉÍhÉï

MÑüqpÉËU + + + + +

xjÉÑsÉiuÉcÉÉ +

xÉSìÓRûiuÉcÉÉ + +

qÉkÉÑqÉÌiÉ +

qÉåÍkÉÌlÉ + + +

xÉÑTüsÉÉ +

xÉTüsÉÉ +

qÉÌWû +

qÉkÉÑUxÉÉ +

qÉWûMÑüxÉÑÍqÉMüÉ + +

ÌuÉSÉËUÍhÉ + +

ÍxÉlkÉÑmÉÌlÉï + +

xÉÑpÉSìÉ + +

MÑüqÉÑSÉ +

aÉÉåmÉpÉSìÉ + + + +

Í¤ÉËUÍhÉ + +

qÉWûÉpÉSìÉ +

xuÉpÉSìÉ + + +

M×üwhÉÉ + +


8

aÉÑhÉ

MüqÉÉïÍpÉxiÉÑ AlÉÑqÉÏrÉliÉå lÉÉlÉÉ SìurÉ´ÉÉrÉÏ aÉÑhÉÉ: | (xÉÑ.xÉÔ.43)

The gunas of a dravya are inferred based on the pharmacological actions of

that Dravya. The word Guna here indicates Rasa, Guna, Virya, Vipaka, Karma and

Prabhava if any.

Table.3 Showing Gunas of Gambhari.

aÉÑhÉ cÉ.xÉÇ xÉÑ.xÉÇ A.WØû kÉ.ÌlÉ qÉÉ.Sì qÉ.ÌlÉ Mæü.ÌlÉ pÉÉ.ÌlÉ UÉ.ÌlÉ ÌlÉ.

AÉ

ÌmÉë.ÌlÉ

qÉkÉÑU + + + +

AÉqsÉ + + + + + UxÉ

MüwÉÉrÉ + + + +

ÎxlÉakÉ + + + +

aÉÑÂ + + + + + aÉÑhÉ

xÉU + +

uÉÏrÉï ÍzÉiÉ + + + + + +

ÌuÉmÉÉMü qÉkÉÑU + + + + +

uÉÉiÉWûU + + + + + +

ÌmÉ¨ÉWûU + SÉåwÉblÉiÉÉ

zÉÉåjÉWûU + +

U£üÌmÉ¨ÉWûU + + + +

MüqÉï

rÉiÉç MÑüuÉïÎliÉ iÉiÉç MüqÉï | (cÉ.xÉÔ.26)

The effect of Dravya seen on the body is called as Karma. The Karma is

independent of its own to bring out the action of the Dravya. Pharmacological action

of a drug is defined as the action which is aimed to obtain a specific therapeutic

effect.

Table.4 Showing important Karmas of Gambhari.

MüqÉï cÉ.xÉÇ xÉÑ.xÉÇ A.WØû kÉ.ÌlÉ Mæü.ÌlÉ qÉ.ÌlÉ qÉÉ.Sì pÉÉ.ÌlÉ UÉ.ÌlÉ ÌmÉë.ÌlÉ ÌlÉ.AÉ

UxÉÉrÉlÉ + + + + + + + +

oÉ×ÇWûhÉ + + + + +

SÏmÉlÉ + +

aÉëÉWûÏ + + + +

AÉqÉWûU + + + +

AzÉïWûU + + + +


9

pÉåSMü + +

¾Òû± + +

euÉUlÉÉzÉMü + + + + + +

MåüwrÉ + + +

M×üÍqÉWûU +

¤ÉiÉlÉÉzÉMü + + +

¤ÉrÉlÉÉzÉMü + +

qÉåkrÉ +

qÉÑ§ÉsÉ + + +

mÉÉcÉlÉ + + + +

zÉÔsÉWûU

zÉÉåjÉWûU + + + + + +

´ÉqÉWûU +

zÉÑ¢üsÉ + + +

Ì§ÉSÉåwÉWûU + +

iÉ×whÉÉWûU + +

ÌuÉwÉSÉåwÉWûU

uÉ×wrÉ + + +

xiÉÇpÉlÉ + +

mÉërÉÉåerÉ A…¡û LuÉÇ qÉÉ§ÉÉ

mÉërÉÉåerÉ A…¡û:

Gambhari being a Tree, it is used all part. For the purpose of medicine the following

parts are mainly concerned.

1. mÉ§É

2. mÉÑwmÉ

3. TüsÉ

4. qÉÔÑsÉ

5. iuÉMü

6. oÉÏeÉ

qÉÉ§ÉÉ:

An ideal Matra is that quantity of the medicine which can bring upon the

aggravated doshas into normal state and not to show any adverse effect on the dhatus.

This particular quantity of the medicine is also called Prayoga Matra. The Matra of

the medicine varies according to age, sex, strength of the patient and according to

doshas involved.


10

The word posology is derived form the Greek word “Posos” means how much

and “logos” means science, which means it is a branch of medical science which deals

with doses or quantity of drugs which can be administered to produce the required

pharmacological actions.

Decocation (Kwath)- 50-100ml.

Fruit (Phala)- 10-20gm.

mÉërÉÉåaÉ

The Gambhari useful in various disease conditions as shown as in table below.

Table.5 Showing important Prayoga of Gambhari in different Vyadhi

mÉërÉÉåaÉ cÉ.xÉÇ xÉÑ.xÉÇ A.WØû kÉ.ÌlÉ qÉÉ.Sì qÉ.ÌlÉ Mæü.ÌlÉ pÉÉ.ÌlÉ UÉ.ÌlÉ. ÌlÉ.AÉ ÌmÉë.ÌlÉ

¤ÉrÉ + + + + +

MüÉqÉsÉÉ +

U£ürÉÉåÌlÉ + +

SÉWû + + + + + +

zÉÔsÉ + + + + +

iÉ×wlÉÉ + + + + + +

qÉ×cÉÉï + + + + +

ESÉuÉïiÉ + + + + +

ÌuÉoÉÇkÉ + + +

euÉU + + + + + + + + +

U£üÌmÉ¨Éç + + + +

qÉÑ§É¢ÑücNèû + + +

mÉëqÉåWû + + + + +

AzÉï + + + +

MüÉxÉ + + + + +

AmÉxqÉÉU + + + + + +

aÉÑsqÉ + + + + + + + + +

EU:¤ÉiÉ + + + + +

¾ûiÉzÉÑsÉ + + + + + + +

ElqÉÉS + + + + + +

pÉëqÉ + + + +

ÎmsÉWûÉ + + +

zÉÑ¢üSÉåwÉ + + + + +

AÉqÉzÉÔsÉ + + + +


11

´ÉqÉ + + +

ÌuÉwÉ + + +

ÌuÉSìSÏ + + + +

AÌiÉxÉÉU + + +

ZÉÍsÉirÉ + +

mÉÉÍsÉirÉ +

mÉÉhQÕû + + + + + +

AÉqÉÌrÉMü mÉërÉÉåaÉ

1. Patala, Agnimantha, Bilwa, Syonyka, Kasmarya, Salaparni, Prishanaparni,

Katakari, Bala, Gokshura, Bruhati, Eranda, Punarnawa, Yava, Kulatha, Kola,

Guduchu, Madana, Palasa, Lavana and Sneha. These may be used for

Anuvasan basti in Udavarta, and Vibhandha.

2. The Kasmarya fruit will be used in preparation of Bramya-rasayana.

3. The flower of Kovidara, Kashmarya, and Shalamali, are also used in

Raktapitta condition.

4. Ghee 640gm should be cooked with milk and sugar cane juice 2-5 lit,

Kashmarya juice eight time and Jivaneeya Gana 10gm each as paste. It used in

Apasmar vyadhi.

5. The patient should be fomented with water boiled with VasaPatra, Kashmarya

patra, and Arjaka, bathed with tepid water heated in the sun and pasted with

aromatic substances in Vataja shoth.

6. The Kashaya prepared in Dadhisara (cream) and soured with fruit of

Kashamarya, Amalaki, and Karbudara, Gunjanaka, Shalamali, Kshirini,

should be administered in Raktaarsha.

7. Oil prepared with the juice of Guduchi, Draksha, Gambhari etc. alleviates

Vatarakta.

8. Ghee 640gm cooked with Kashmarya, Triphala, Draksha, Kasamarda,

Parushaka, Punarnava, Haridra, Daruharidra, Kakanasa etc.. Alleviate

Vatajayoniroga.

9. Paste of Kashmarya, Madhuka, macerated with cows milk used in Vatarakta.

10. In Shonitameha decoction of Guduchi, seeds of Tindhuka, Kashamarya, and

Kharjura, added with Honey is used.


12

11. Draksha, Aragwadha, Kashamarya, decoction used in Pittajajwara.

12. Rasa of Dantiphala, is mixed with 4 pala of Gambhari and Draksha Rasa it

cures Panduroga.

13. Kashmaryadi Taila used in Phalithya condition.

14. The Swarasa of Gmbhari Patra along with milk internally used for Shojaka

disease.

15. In Grishama Rutu the Gambhari Patra swarasa with milk useful in Shirashoola

as a local application. For Sthanapushti the Gambhariphalarasa sidhataila will

be used for local application.

16. Gambharimula kwath will be used in Jwara, Apachana, and Shotha etc.

17. Juice of tender leaves with cow milk and sugar candy is given in Gonorrhea,

also it can prevent abortion.

Table.6 Showing Vishishta Yoga Of Gambhari.

PREPARATION INDICATION REFERENCE

Kashmaryadi Kwath. Pittaja jwara, Kasa. Bhi Rt (5/117).

Kashamaryadi sheetkashya. Daha, Mutraghata, Bai Rt (20/ 3).

Kashamaryharalayam. Kshaya, Krushata. Bai Rt (73/56).

Madhukadi sheetkashya. Daha, Trushana, Murcha. Bai Rt (5/166).

Lajoudakam, Pittaja Trushana etc. Bai Rt (20/5).

Krushanadi leha. Rajayakshama, Kshaya. Bai Rt ( 14/ 13).


13

REFERENCES

cÉUMü xÉÇÌWûiÉÉ:

1. mÉÉOûsÉÉcÉç AÎalÉqÉljÉÇ cÉ ÌoÉsuÉ zÉÉålrÉMüÉqÉåuÉÇ cÉ : |

MüÉzqÉrÉï zÉÉsÉmÉÌlÉï cÉ mÉëÑzlÉmÉÌlÉï ÌuÉÌSkÉMüÉqÉç : || cÉ xÉÑ ( 2/11)

2. Sì¤ÉÉMüÉzqÉrÉï mÉÂwÉMüÉprÉqÉÉsÉMüÉ ÌuÉÍpÉiÉÌMü MÑücÉsÉÉ : |

oÉSU MühOûmÉÏsÉÑÌlÉiÉÏ SzÉåqÉÉÌlÉ ÌuÉUåcÉlÉÉåmÉaÉiÉÏ pÉuÉÎliÉ : || cÉ xÉÑ (4/24)

3. mÉÉOûsÉÉAÎalÉqÉjÉÇ zrÉÉålrÉMüÉoÉÏsuÉMüÉzqÉUÏ MülOûMüÉUÏMüÉ : |

oÉëÑWûÌiÉ zÉÉsÉmÉÌlÉï mÉëÑzÉlÉmÉÌlÉï aÉÉå¤ÉÑËUMüÉ CÌiÉ SzÉåqÉÉlÉÏ ¤uÉrÉjÉÑ WûUÉÍhÉ pÉuÉÌiÉ : ||

cÉ xÉÑ (4/38)

4. sÉÉeÉÉcÉlSèÇlÉMüÉzqÉërÉïTüsÉÉ qÉkÉÑMü zÉMïüUÉÌlÉsÉÉåcÉxÉsÉÉåzÉÏUxÉÉËUuÉÉ : |

aÉÑQÒûcÉÏÌWûUoÉåUÉÍhÉ SzÉåqÉÉÌlÉSÉWûmÉëzÉqÉlÉÉÌlÉ pÉuÉÎliÉ : || cÉ xÉÑ (4/41)

5. qÉëÑSÒMüÉå¹åhÉÎx§ÉUÉ§Éåh.......................................

........................mÉrÉxÉÉ ¢ÑüzÉUÉ xÉÌmÉïMüÉzqÉrÉï Ì§ÉTüsÉÉ UxÉqÉ: || cÉ xÉÑ (13/66)

6. iÉÉxuÉåuÉ SìurÉxÉrÉÉåaÉÇ MüUhÉiÉÉåmÉUÏxÉZÉårÉÉxÉÑ rÉjÉÉmÉjÄrÉ cÉiÉÑUzÉÏiÉÏ ÌlÉoÉÉåkÉ : |

iÉ±iÉÉ- xÉÑUÉxÉÉæÌuÉUÉiÉÑxÉÉåSMüqÉæUrÉqÉåSMükÉÉlrÉÉqsÉÉ; wÉQûkÉÉlrÉÉxÉuÉÉ pÉuÉÎliÉ : |

qÉëÑÌ²MüÉ- ZÉeÉÑïUMüÉzqÉrÉïkÉluÉUÉeÉ§ÉÑlÉzÉÑlrÉ mÉÂzÉMüÉpÉrÉÉqÉsÉMüÉ qÉëÑaÉÍsÉÎlSMüeÉÉqoÉÑlÉç : |

ÌmÉsÉÑwrÉMÑücÉsÉoÉSUMüMïühSÒÌmÉsÉÑ-ÌmÉërÉÉsÉ mÉlÉ±çrsÉÉåkÉëÉAµÉjÉmÉsYzÉÌmÉiÉlÉÉå ESÒqoÉUÉeÉqÉÉåSÉ :|

´ÉÑaÉÉOûMüÉ zÉÉÍsÉÌlÉ TüsÉÉxÉuÉÉ : || cÉ xÉÑ (25/49)

7. qÉkÉÑU oÉëÑWûlÉÇuÉëÑwrÉ ZÉeÉÑïUaÉÑÂ ÍzÉiÉsÉqÉÇ : |

¤ÉrÉåAÍpÉbÉÉiÉå SÉWåû cÉç uÉÉiÉÌmÉ¨Éå cÉ iÉÌ²SqÉÇ : || cÉ xÉÑ (27/127)

8. AÉqsÉmÉÂwÉÉMüÉ SìÉ¤ÉÉ oÉSUÉhrÉÉÂMüÉÍhÉcÉ : |

ÌmÉ¨ÉwsÉåzqÉ mÉëMüÉåÌmÉÍhÉMülÉÉåïokÉÑÌlÉMÑüNûÉlrÉÉÌmÉ : || cÉ xÉÑ (27/132)

9. ÌuÉSÉËUaÉlkÉÉ oÉëÑWûÌiÉ mÉëÑwlÉmÉÌlÉï ÌlÉÌSaÉkÉMüÉqÉ : |


14

aÉlkÉÌmÉÌS µÉSì¹ÉmÉrÉÇqÉ aÉhÉqÉÇ..................: |

ÌoÉsuÉÉÎalÉqÉljÉÇzÉÉålrÉÉMü MüzqÉrÉï mÉÉiÉÍsÉoÉsÉÉ : |

mÉurÉï µÉiÉxrÉ: uÉëÑÌ²ÌlêuÉMüÉ pÉËUMüÉåzÉËU : || cÉ ÍcÉ (1/63-64)

10. MüÉzqÉrÉïTüsÉÇ U£ÇüxÉÉaÉëÌWûMüU£üÌmÉ¨ÉmÉëzÉqÉlÉÉlÉÉqÉç :|| cÉ ÍcÉ ( 25/39)

11. U£üÉÌiÉxÉÉUå- MüzqÉrÉÉï: TüsÉmÉÑwmÉÉå uÉÉ ÌMüÎlcÉSÉqÉsÉ xÉ zÉMïüUÉ : || cÉç ÍcÉ (19/80)

12. aÉpÉåï zÉÑwMåü iÉÑ uÉÉiÉålÉ oÉÉsÉÉlÉÉcÉÌmÉ zÉÑwrÉiÉÉqÉ : |

ÍxÉiÉÉMüÉzqÉërÉïqÉkÉÑMüÉ: ÌWûiÉqÉÑjÉÉmÉlÉå mÉrÉ : || cÉç ÍcÉ ( 28/61)

13. uÉÉiÉU£åü- ÍxÉ®Ç (iÉæsÉÇ) qÉkÉÑMüMüÉzqÉrÉïxÉæuÉÉ uÉÉiÉU£ülÉÑiÉ : || cÉ ÍcÉ (26/114)

14. MÇüxÉå Í¤ÉUå¤ÉÑUxÉrÉÉå: MüÉzqÉrÉÉïzOåûaÉÑhÉåUxÉå : |

MüÉÌwÉïMæüeÉÏuÉlÉÏrÉæNû bÉëÑiÉmÉëxjÉÇ ÌuÉmÉÉcÉrÉåiÉ : |

uÉÉiÉÌmÉ¨ÉÉåipÉuÉÇ ¤ÉÏmÉëmÉxqÉÉUÇ ÌlÉrÉcNûÌiÉ : || cÉ ÍcÉ ( 10/ 29-30)

15. MüÉzqÉrÉïÌ§ÉTüsÉÉSì¤ÉÉMüÉxÉqÉSÉï mÉÂwÉMüÉ : |

mÉÑlÉlÉïuÉÉ ²ÏUÌlÉMüÉMüÉlÉÉxÉcÉUå zÉiÉÉuÉrÉÉï .....: || cÉ ÍcÉ ( 30/52)

xÉÑ´ÉÑiÉ xÉÇÌWûiÉ

1. xÉÉËUuÉÉ ...........MüÉzqÉËUTüsÉÇ.......... EÍzÉUcÉåÌiÉ : |

xÉÉËUuÉÉÌS: ÌmÉmÉÉxÉÉblÉÉå U£üÌmÉ¨ÉWûUÉå aÉhÉ : |

ÌmÉ¨ÉeuÉUÉåmÉëzÉqÉlÉÉå ÌuÉwÉåzÉÉSWûlÉÉzÉlÉqÉÇ : || xÉÑ xÉÑ ( 38/40)

2. qÉkÉÑMüMüÉzqÉrÉïmÉsÉÉzÉiÉæsÉÉÌlÉ qÉkÉÑUMüwÉÉrÉÉÍhÉ MüTüÌmÉ¨ÉmÉëzÉqÉlÉÉÌlÉ : || xÉÑ xÉÑ (45/121)

3. ¾ÒûkrÉ qÉÑ§ÉÌuÉpÉlkÉblÉÇ ÌmÉ¨ÉÉxÉëÑaÉuÉÉiÉlÉÉzÉlÉqÉÇ : |

MåüzrÉÇ UxÉÉrÉlÉÇ qÉåkrÉ MüzqÉërÉï TüsÉÇqÉÑcÉirÉå : || xÉÑ xÉÑ (46/184)

4. MüÉzqÉrÉïiÉæsÉÉlÉÏ qÉkÉÑUMüwÉÉrÉÉÍhÉ MüTüÌmÉ¨ÉmÉëzÉqÉlÉÉÌlÉ : || xÉÑ xÉÑ ( 45/76)

5. MüÉzqÉrÉï qÉkÉÑMüiÉmÉïhÉÇ MüsMüÉåuÉÉ : || xÉÑ ÍcÉ (5/12)

6. zÉÉåÌlÉiÉqÉåÌWûlÉÇ aÉÑQÒûcÉÏÌiÉlSÒMüÉzqÉrÉïZÉeÉÑïUMüwÉÉrÉÉ qÉkÉÑÍqÉ´ÉÇ : || xÉÑ ÍcÉ ( 11/9)

7. SÉWû§ÉÑwhÉÉÎluÉiÉå ÌmÉ¨euÉUå- ....................MüÉzqÉrÉïxjÉuÉÉmÉÑlÉ: |

MüwÉÉrÉæ: zÉMïüUÉrÉÑ£åü : ....................: || xÉÑ E ( 39/156)

8. aÉqpÉËUMüÉTüsÉÉÇ mÉYuÉ xÉÑwMÇüqÉÑxiÉåÌ²iÉqÉç mÉÑlÉÇ : |


15

¤ÉÏUålÉÇ zÉÏiÉÌmÉ¨ÉblÉÇ xuÉÌSiÉÉmÉjrÉÇxÉåuÉlÉÉ : || (cÉ¢üS¨É)

A¹ÉÇaÉ WØûSrÉ

1. TüsÉÇ iÉÑ............ xÉUÇ MüÉzqÉrÉïeÉÇ ÌWûqÉqÉç : |

zÉ¢ÑülqÉÑÌ§uÉoÉlkÉblÉ MåüzrÉ qÉåkrÉÇ UxÉÉrÉlÉqÉç : || A Wû xÉÑ (6/122)

2. xÉÉËUuÉÉåzÉÏU MüÉzqÉrÉï qÉkÉÑMüÍzÉÍzÉUÉ²rÉqÉç : |

rÉÎziÉmÉÂwÉMüWûÎliÉ ÌmÉ¨ÉÉAxÉÑYeuÉïU : || A Wû xÉÑ (15/11)

3. SìÉ¤ÉÉÌuÉSÉËUMüÉzqÉrÉïqÉÉxÉÉÇlÉÉ uÉÉ UxÉærÉÑiÉÉlÉ : |

zÉÑ® MüÉå¹xrÉ rÉÑ‹Ï¨É ÌuÉkÉÏoêWÒûWûhÉÇ SÏmÉlÉÇ : |

¾ÒûkrÉÉÌlÉcÉÉ³mÉÉlÉÉÌlÉ uÉÉiÉb³ÉÉÌlÉ sÉbÉÑÌlÉ cÉ : || A Wû ÍcÉ (5/4)

4. ÍzÉiÉmÉëqÉåWûÉ qÉlÉrÉ:xÉåMüÉ urÉeÉlÉqÉÉÂiÉÉ : |

ÍxÉiÉÉSìÉ¤ÉÉ¤ÉÑZÉeÉÑïUÉMüzqÉrÉÉïxuÉUxÉ mÉrÉÇ : || A Wû ÍcÉ (7/10)

5. aÉpÉåï zÉÑwMåüiÉÑ uÉÉiÉålÉÇ uÉÉsÉÉÇlÉÉ cÉ ÌuÉzÉÑwrÉiÉÉqÉ : |

...................................... ÌMüÎlcÉiÉÉqsÉ zÉMïüUÉ : || A Wû ÍcÉ (21/22)

6. SÎliÉmÉ§ÉUxÉå MüÉåwhÉå MüzqÉrÉÉï‹ÍsÉqÉmsÉÑiÉqÉ : |

SìÉ¤ÉÉ‹ÍsÉ uÉÉ qÉÑÌSiÉÇ iÉiÉç ÌmÉoÉåiÉ mÉÉhQÒûUÉåaÉÎeÉiÉ : || A Wû ÍcÉ (26/6)

kÉluÉliÉUÏ ÌlÉbÉhOÒû:

MüÉzqÉrÉÉï MüzqÉËU ÌWûUÉ MüzqÉrÉÉåï AkÉmÉÑlÉïÌmÉ : |

´ÉÏmÉÌlÉï xÉuÉïiÉÉåpÉSìÉ aÉqpÉËU ¢ÑüzÉluÉëÑiÉÉMüÉ : |

´ÉÏmÉÌlÉï xuÉUxÉå ÌiÉ£üÉ aÉÑÂwlÉÉ U£üÌmÉ¨ÉÎeÉiÉ : |

Ì§ÉSÉåwÉ ´ÉqÉSÉWûÌiÉïeuÉU §ÉÑwlÉÉÌuÉwÉÉeÉrÉiÉç : || (114-115)

MæürÉSåuÉ ÌlÉbÉhOÒû: (AÉæwÉÍkÉ uÉaÉï)

MüTüÌmÉ¨ÉWûUÇ iÉxrÉÉ: TüsÉÇ ÎxlÉakÉ ÌWûqÉÇ aÉÑÂ : |

xuÉSÒmÉÉMü UxÉ ¾ÒûkrÉ MüwÉÉrÉÉqsÉÇ UxÉÉrÉlÉqÉç : ||

oÉëÑWûhÉçÇ zÉÑ¢üsÉÇ MåüzrÉ qÉåkrÉÇ qÉÔ§ÉÌuÉoÉlkÉlÉÑiÉ : |


16

WûlrÉÉ²ÉiÉ§ÉÑwhÉÉSÉWûÌmÉ¨ÉU£ü¤ÉiÉ ¤ÉrÉÉlÉÇ : || (32-34)

pÉÉuÉmÉëMüÉzÉ ÌlÉbÉhOÒû: (aÉÑQÒûcrÉÌS uÉaÉï)

aÉqpÉËU pÉSìmÉlÉÉï cÉ ´ÉÏmÉlÉÏï qÉkÉÑmÉhÉÏïMüÉ : |

MüÉÎzqÉËU MüÉzqÉËU WûÏUÉ MüÉzqÉrÉï: ÌmÉiÉUÉåÌWûhÉÏ : |

iÉiTüsÉÇ oÉëÑWûlÉçÇ uÉëÑwrÉ aÉÑÂ MåüwrÉ UxÉÉrÉlÉÇ : |

uÉÉiÉÌmÉ¨É §ÉÑwhÉÉ U£ç ¤ÉrÉ qÉÔ§É ÌuÉoÉlSlÉÑiÉ : || (15-17)

UÉeÉ ÌlÉbÉhOÒû: (mÉëpÉSìÉÌS uÉaÉï)

xrÉiÉ MüÉzqÉrÉï: MüÉzqÉËU¢ÑüwhÉuÉëÑliÉÉ : |

ÌWûUÉ pÉSìÉ xÉuÉïiÉÉåpÉÌSìMüÉcÉ : |

´ÉÏmÉÌlÉï xrÉÉiÉ ÍxÉlSÒmÉÌlÉï xÉÑpÉSìÉ : |

MüqpÉÉËU xÉÉ MüOûTüsÉÉ pÉSìmÉlÉÉåïÌlÉ : || (35)

MÑüqÉÑSÉcÉ aÉÉåmÉpÉSìÉ ÌuÉSÉËUÌlÉ ´ÉÏËUhÉÏ qÉWûÉpÉSìÉ : |

qÉkÉÑmÉÌlÉï xuÉpÉSìÉ ¢ÑüzÉhÉÉ µÉåiÉÉcÉ UÉåÌWûÍhÉ xÉëÑ¹Ï : || (36)

xjÉÑsÉiuÉcÉÉ qÉkÉÑqÉÌiÉ xÉÑTüsÉÉ qÉåÌShÉÏ qÉWûÉMÑüqÉÑSÉ : |

qÉÉSuÉ SìurÉ aÉÑhÉ (ÌuÉÌuÉkÉÉæwÉÍkÉ uÉaÉïÈ)

MüÉzqÉrÉï iÉÑuÉUÉ ÌiÉ£üÉ uÉÏrÉÉåïwlÉÉ qÉkÉÑUÉ aÉÑÂ : |

ÌSmÉlÉÏ mÉÉcÉlÉÏ qÉåkrÉÉ pÉåÌSÌlÉ pÉëqÉzÉÉåwÉÎeÉiÉ : |

uÉÉiÉÌmÉ¨ÉiÉÔwÉÉU£ü ¤ÉrÉqÉÔ§ÉÌuÉoÉÇkÉlÉÑiÉ : ||

ÌmÉërÉÌlÉbÉhOÒû: (WûËUiÉYrÉÉÌS uÉaÉï)

MüÉzqÉrÉï: MüÉzÉqÉËU cÉæuÉ aÉqpÉÉËU cÉÉÌmÉ lÉÉqÉiÉ : |

..................................................oÉSUxÉÍ³ÉpÉqÉÇ : |

...............................................UxÉÉrÉlÉqÉ ..........: || (21-23)


17

MODERN DRUG REVIEW

CLASSIFICATION:

According to Benthem and Hooker’s system of classification-

Kingdom Plantae

Division Spermatophyte.

Sub division Diacoliledance.

Class Sympetalae.

Order Lamioleates.

Family Verbenacea.

Genus Gemelina.

Species Arboria

VERNACULAR NAMES

The drug is universally know and accepted by its scientific name. But

still the knowledge of the names in both local and the regional languages is very

important to procure the drug from the regions of its availability.

Sanskrit : Kashamari, Gambhari.

Assamese : Gomari

Bengali : Gamargachha, Gambar

English : Coomb tree, cashmere tree.

Gujrati : Seevan

Hindi : Gambhari

Kannada : Seevani, Shivani, Hannu

Kashmiri : Gumar.

Malayalam : Kumbil, Kumizhu

Marathi : Sivan

Oriya : Gambhari, Bhodroparnni

Punjabi : Khambhari

Tamil : Perunkurmizh, Komizhpazham

Telugu : Gumaditeku


18

MORPHOLOGY:

Family: Verbenaceae

There are about 70 genera species 750 in this family

Distribution: Found throughout India, from foot of north- west Himalaya to

Chittagong and throughout Deccan Peninsula.

Habits: Trees, Shrubs more rarely herbs.

Leaves: Opposite, or whorled, simple, stipules.

Flowers: Often brightly colored, Hermaphrodite (rarely polygamous), usually

irregular. Calyx inferior, gamosepalous, persistent, tubular or cup-

shaped, 5-4 lobed or toothed. Corolla gamopetalous; tube usually

cylindrical or dialated above, often curved; limb 2 lipped or sub

equally lobed.

Stamens: 4, didynamous, inserted on the corolla tube.

Filaments: free.

Anthers: 2-celled, opening by longitudinal slits. Disk usually inconspicuous.

Ovary: 2-4 celled. Entire or 4 lobed.

Ovules: variously attached, 2 in each cell.

Style: Terminal, stigma usually entire, less commonly 2-or more lobed.

Fruit : usually more or less drupaceous, 2-4 or 1celled; mesocarp juicy,fleshy

or dry ; endocarp usually bony.

Seeds: Erect or pendulous, separate in distinct cells; albumen 0 in the Indian

genera; embryo straight; radicle inferior.

Genus: Gmelina.

Habit: Tree or shrub unarmed or spinous; young shoots usually tomentose.

Leaves: Opposite, entire or toothed, some time more or less lobed.

Flowers: Large, yellow or brownish in small or panicled cymes with narrow

bracts.

Stamens: Didynamous subexserted another cells along pendulous.

Filaments: free or connate below,

Anthers: oblong

Ovary: 4 celled

Style: Slender.


19

Stigma: Shortly 2 fid.

Seeds: Erect or pendulous, separate in distinct cells.

Species: Gmelina arborea Linn:

Habit: Gambhari consists of dried fruit of Gmelina arborea Roxb. (Fam.

Verbenaceae), an unarmed tree, found scattered in deciduous forests

throughout the greater part of the country upto an altitude of 500 m,

planted in gardens and also as an avenue tree.

Leaves: Broadly ovate, acuminate, entire, glabrous, cordate or sometime

termcate and shortly cemeate.

Flowers: Large, yellow-brownish in small or panicled cymes with narrow bracts.

Fruit : A drupe, ovoid, crinkled, black, 1.5-2.0 cm long, sometimes with

portion of attached pedicel, two seeded, sometimes one seeded; taste,

sweetish sour.

Calyx: 5cm broadly companulate anesely fulvous- hairy teeth small triangular

acute

Corolla: Browenish yellow, densely hairy outside reaching 3.8cm long, 5 lobed

2 lipped.

Capsule: Globose, membranous.

Seeds: Seed ovate, 0.5-1 cm long, 0.4-0.6 cm wide, light yellow, surface

smooth, seed coat thin, papery; taste, oily.


20

PHARMACOGNOSY:

Table.7 Characters of Gmelina arborea Linn. Fruit.

CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS:

Gmelofuran-a, furanosesquiterpenoid, ssquiterpene, cerylalcohol,

hentriacontanol-1, b-sitosterol, n- octacosanol, gmelinol, apiosylskimmin-a,

apiofuranodyl (1.0.7)- umbelliferone (root); cluytyl ferulate, n-octacosanol,

gmelanone, arborial, 2-0- methyal arboreol, 2-0- ethyal arboreol, isoarboreol, 4-

hydroxysesamin, 1,4- dihydroxysesamin (gummsdiol), 2- piperonyl-3-

(hydroxymethyl)-4 (~hydroxy-3-,4methylenedioxybenzyl) - 4-hydroxy

tetrahydroxyfluron (I) 4-epigummadiol-4-glucoside, 1,4-dihydroxy -2, 6-

dipiperonyl-3, 7-dioxybicyclo [3,3,0] –octane, gmelanone, palmitic, oleic and linoleic

acids, stigmastirol, stigmastinol, campesterol, ~-2-stostirol, butulinol(hertwood)

luteilin, apigenin, quercetin, hentriacontanol, b-sitosterol, quercetogenin and other

flavons (leaf).

PHARMACOLOGY:

Hypoglycaemic, Antiviral.

The Rasayana (anabolic) effect of fruit of G.arborea was studied in rabbits

using electrophoretic analysis of serum fraction, body weight and physical behaviors

Characters Gmelina arborea Linn. Fruit.

Macroscopic

Shape Drupe, Ovoid, crinkled, black,

Size 1.5-2.0 cm long.

Colour Black, crinkled,

Taste. Sweetish sour.

Microscopic

Pericarp. Differentiated in to single layer epicarp.

Mesocarp. Multylayerd, fleshy.

Endocarp. Hard and Stony.

Epicarp. Single layerd, theen walled cells.


21

as parameters. An increase in percentage of ~2 and ~-globulin frsction, gain in body

weight and alertness in physical behaviors was observed after treatment with the drug.

In the clinical study, effect of Dashamula, of wich G. arborea is one of the

constituent, on management of sensory and motor disorder pertaining to sympathetic

and parasympathetic outflow among the patient presenting with primary nurological

disorders have been investigated. Significant improvement in nerve conduction

velocity was observed. The pattern of ‘H’ reflex also improved in all these patients

along with clinical response.

CULTIVATION:

It is planted in gardens and avenues. The tree prefers moist, fertile soil with

good drainage. Natural reproduction takes place in rainy season soon after the drupes

falls to the ground. Alternating heat and moisture are necessary to stimulate the

germination. Artificial reproduction may be carried out by direct sowing or by

transplanting. Direct sowing in lines, 3-4m apart, with a distance of 30cm between the

plants has given the good results. Dibbling of seeds with spacing of 2x2m and

broadcast sowing also give satisfactory result for transplanting purposes. Seeds are

sown in drills in nursery beds shortly before rains. Seedlings are transplanted in the

first rainy season when 8-10cm high. If the plants are to be kept for a year in the

nursery, they are pricked out to20cm apart in the first rains and planted out in the next

rainy season with the stem pruned down to 5cm and the root trimmed to 30cm a

spacing of 2x2m is ordinarily suitable. The rate of growth is fast and tree is well

adopted as coppice. It has been found suitable for plantation on waste lands.

Micro propagation of G.arborea was tried through auxiliary bud culture. The

epicromic and crown regions of a6 year old plant were used to initiate shoot cultures.

Explant from the epicormic regions produced 2.7(average) shoot lets /explant when

cultured on McCown’s medium for woody plants rooted on IBA (1.5mg/l)

supplemented McCown’s medium within 7-9 days of culture.

ADULTERANTS / SUBSTITUTES:

Roots of Gmelina asiatica Linn. are used as substitute to Gmelina arborea.


22

Photos:

Photo No 1.Gemilina arboria fiower

Photo No 2. Fruts of Gmelina arboria

DRUG REVIEW - DRAKSHA

23

DRAKSHA

HISTORY

Draksha is well known drug since Vedic period. Mainly in

Atharvaveda the Draksha in mentioned under the name of Krushana for management

of Apachita Vyadhi, Rajayakshama, Kilasa, and Phalita. Also mentioned it as Balya,

Pushatikaraka, Shukravardhaka, Mamsavardhaka, Rasa poshanakara properties.

Draksha is recommended as the best among the fruits recommended in Ayurveda.

Charaka considered it under Kasahara, Jwarahara, Snehopaga, and Verachanopaga

Ganas. Sushruta consider under Kakolyadi, and Parushakadi gana. Its synonyms such

as Harahura, Madhurasa indicate that this drug was in use since olden days in the

preparation of Madya.

According to Charaka it is used as Trushnahara, also in Madyajanyavikara,

Rajyakshma, Daha, Jwara, Swasha, Rakatapita, Urakshata, Swarabheda. Etc. In

Chikitsa sthana use of the Draksha is found in Pittija Gulma, Pandu, Halimak,

Trushna etc.

Sushruta mentioned the use of Draksha in Jwara chikitsa; Draksha is best

among all Phalavarga. Its use is also mentioned in Pittajagranti, Arbuda and

Bastikarma. Vagbhata also consider that Draksha is useful in Raktapitta, Madyaja

chardi, Brhama and Trushana. Etc.

aÉhÉ - uÉaÉï

Table.8 Showing Gana and varga of Draksha.

aÉhÉ – uÉaÉï cÉ.xÉÇ xÉÑ.xÉÇ A.WØû kÉ.ÌlÉ qÉ.ÌlÉ qÉÉ.Sì. Mæü.ÌlÉ pÉÉ.ÌlÉ UÉ.ÌlÉ ÌlÉ.AÉ ÌmÉë.ÌlÉ

xlÉåWûÉåmÉaÉ +

ÌuÉUcÉlÉÉåmÉaÉ +

MüÉxÉWûU +

euÉUWûU +

MüÉMüÉåsrÉÉÌS +

mÉÂwÉMüÉÌS +

TüsÉ uÉaÉï + + + + +

AÉqÉëÉÌS uÉaÉï + +

AÉåwÉkÉÏ uÉaÉï +

ÌmÉmÉsrÉÉÌS uÉaÉï +

SìÉ¤ÉÉÌS uÉaÉï + +


24


ÌlÉÂÌ£ü

1. qÉ×²ÏMüÉ : qÉëÑSlÉÌiÉ zÉËUUqÉç, zÉËUU qÉSïuÉqÉç sÉÌiÉiÉUiÉ: qÉ×±iÉå uÉÉ :|| (pÉÉ ÌlÉ)

This brings Mrudatwa to the body hence name Mrudwika.

2. aÉÉåxiÉÌlÉ : aÉÉå: xiÉlÉ CuÉÉM×üiÉÉã:|| (pÉÉ ÌlÉ)

Fruit’s shape resembles that of Gosthana.

3. SìÉ¤ÉÉ : SìÉQè¤rÉiÉå MüÉQè¤rÉiÉå CÌiÉ ‘SìÉÍ¤É MüÉQè¤ÉÉrÉÉqÉç :|| (pÉÉ ÌlÉ)

It is having sweet taste.

4.xuÉÉÌS: xuÉÉSÕÌlÉ TüsÉÉlrÉxrÉÉ :|| (pÉÉ ÌlÉ)

It is having good taste.

5.qÉkÉÑÒUxÉÉ : qÉÎbuÉuÉ qÉkÉÑU UxÉÉåAzrÉ : || (pÉÉ ÌlÉ)

It is very sweet similar to madhu.

6. rÉ¤qÉblÉÏ : UÉeÉrÉ¤qÉÉhÉÇ WûliÉÏÌiÉ :|| (zÉoScÉÎlSìMüÉ)

The one which, cures the Rajayakshama.

7. oÉëÑWûÍhÉ : kÉiÉÑuÉÍkÉïÌlÉ :|| (Mãü ÌlÉ)

It nourishes the body.

8. aÉÑcNûTüsÉÉ : aÉÑcNåû TüsÉÉlrÉxrÉÉ :|| (UÉ ÌlÉ)

The fruit appears in bunches.

9. TüsÉÉå¨ÉqÉÉ : TüsÉåwÉÔ¨ÉqÉÉ ´Éå¹É AiÉ LuÉ cÉUMü: TüsÉuÉaÉï mÉëjÉqÉ mÉPûÌiÉ :|| (Mæü ÌlÉ)

It is regarded as best one

10. E¨ÉUÉmÉjÉÉ : E¨ÉUÉmÉjÉå eÉÉiÉÉ :|| (A ÌlÉ)

Mostly grows in high attitude of northern region.

11. WûÉUWÕûUÉ : WûÉUWÕûU: qÉ±Ç, iÉSjÉïqÉÑmÉrÉÑ£üÉ :|| (pÉÉ ÌlÉ)

Using for preparing wine.

Table.9 Showing important Paryaya nama of the Draksha

mÉrÉÉïrÉ lÉÉqÉ cÉ.xÉÇ xÉÑ.xÉÇ A.WØû kÉ.ÌlÉ qÉ.ÌlÉ qÉÉ.Sì Mæü.ÌlÉ pÉÉ.ÌlÉ UÉ.ÌlÉ ÌlÉ.AÉ ÌmÉë.ÌlÉ

SìÉ¤ÉÉ + + + + + + + +

M×whÉÉ + + +

ÌmÉërÉÉsÉÉ + +

iÉmÉÎxmÉërÉÉ + + +

MüÉzÉqÉÏËUMüÉ +


25

UxÉÉsÉÉ + + + +

MüUqÉÌSïMüÉ + +

xuÉSÒTüsÉÉ + + +

qÉkÉÑUxÉÉ + +

qÉëÑSÌuÉMüÉ + + + + + +

WûÉUWÒûUÉ + + + + +

aÉÉåxiÉÌlÉ + + + + +

MüÌmÉzÉÉ +

TüsÉÉåiÉqÉÉ + + +

xuÉÉÌS + + + +

oÉëÑWûhÉÏ + +

qÉkÉÑrÉÉålÉÏ + +

qÉkÉÑxÉqpÉuÉÉ + +

qÉkÉÑTüsÉÉ + + +

aÉÑQûÉ + +

aÉÑNûÉTüsÉÉ +

aÉÑhÉ

Table.10 Showing Guans of Draksha

aÉÑhÉ cÉ.xÉÇ xÉÑ.xÉÇ A.WØû kÉ.ÌlÉ qÉ.ÌlÉ qÉÉ.Sì Mæü.ÌlÉ pÉÉ.ÌlÉ UÉ.ÌlÉ ÌmÉë.ÌlÉ

qÉkÉÑU + + + + + + + + + + UxÉ

AÉqsÉ + +

ÎxlÉakÉ + + + +

zÉÏiÉ + + + + + +

qÉ×SÕ + + aÉÑhÉ

aÉÑÂ + + + +

uÉÏrÉï zÉÏiÉ + + + + + + + + + +

ÌuÉmÉÉMü qÉkÉÑU + + + + + +

ÌmÉ¨ÉuÉkÉïMü + SÉåwÉblÉiÉÉ

MüTüuÉkÉïMü + + + + + + + +

MüqÉï

Table.11 Showing important Karmas of Draksha

MüqÉï cÉ.xÉÇ xÉÑ.xÉÇ A.WØû kÉ.ÌlÉ qÉÉ.Sì qÉ.ÌlÉ Mæü.ÌlÉ pÉÉ.ÌlÉ UÉ.ÌlÉ ÌmÉë.ÌlÉ ÌlÉ.AÉ

oÉ×WûhÉÇ + + + + + + + + + +

uÉ×wrÉ + + + + + + +

MÇüš + + + + +

lÉå§rÉ + +

oÉsrÉ + + + + + +


26

mÉÑÌ¹ + + + + +

ÂÍcÉMüÉUxÉ + + + +

´ÉqÉWûU + +

UåcÉlÉ +

xÉëÑ¹èÌuÉlqÉÑ§É +

iÉ×ÎmiÉ + +

xlÉåWûlÉ + + + +

qÉÑ§ÉsÉ + +

xÉÉÉUMü + + +

xÉÇliÉmÉïlÉ + + + + + + +

SìÉ¤ÉÉ pÉåS

Raj Nighantukara mentioned four types of Draksha according to their stages.

Bala draksha.

Tarun draksha.

Vruddhaka draksha.

Manuka (dried Draksha)


mÉërÉÉåerÉ A…¡û: Draksha being a herb, it is used as Phala when it is fresh and dry

form. For the purpose of medicine the following parts are mainly concerned.

Manuka

Draksha

qÉÉ§ÉÉ:

1. MüsMü – 10-20 gm 2. xuÉUxÉ- 20- 40 ml

mÉërÉÉåaÉ

The various disorders in which the Draksha is used mainly are Vatavyadhi,

Pittavikaras, etc. and also in various disease conditions as shown in the following

table.


27

Table.12 Showing important Prayoga of Draksha in different Vyadhi

mÉërÉÉåaÉ cÉ.xÉÇ xÉÑ.xÉÇ A.WØû kÉ.ÌlÉ qÉÉ.Sì qÉ.ÌlÉ Mæü.ÌlÉ pÉÉ.ÌlÉ åUÉ.ÌlÉ ÌlÉ.AÉ ÌmÉë.ÌlÉ

U£üÌmÉiÉ + + + + + + + + +

EU¤ÉiÉ + +

mÉÉÇQÒûû + + +

¤ÉrÉ + + + + + + + + +

xuÉUpÉåS + + + + +

euÉU + + + + + + + + +

µÉÉxÉ + + + + + +

iÉ×whÉÉ + + + + + + + + + +

SÉWû + + + + +

MüÉxÉ + + +

uÉÉiÉU£ü + +

MüÉqÉsÉÉ + + + +

qÉÑ§ÉM×¶É + + +

zÉÉåwÉ + +

qÉSÉirÉrÉ + + + +

uÉÉiÉÌmÉ¨Éç + +

qÉÑNûÉï + +

¤ÉiÉ + +

ÌuÉxÉmÉï

NûÌSï + +

qÉÉåWû + +

aÉëWûÌlÉ + +

ÌuÉoÉlS + + +

aÉÑsqÉ + + +

mÉëqÉåWû +

¾ÒûSìÉåaÉ + + +

UÉeÉrÉ¤ÉqÉÉ + + +


28


1. The preparation with Draksha, Sariva, fried paddy, Pippali, honey and Shunthi,

alleviates Trushna.

2. Mantha (saturated drink) with Draksha, Kharjura, Vrakshamla, Parushaka, and

Amalaki fruits alleviates the Madatyaya vikaras.

3. Seeds of Kapikachchu, Pippali, fruits of Draksha, Kharjura, Shatawari,

Shringataka, each 80gm, should be boiled in milk and water each 640ml, till 640

ml remains, this should be filtered with clean cloth and added with sugar,

Vamshalochana and fresh ghee each 80 gm. This should be taken mixed with

honey keeping diet of boiled Shashtika rice. It acts as best Vajikarana properties.

4. Water boiled and cooled with Kharjura, Draksha, Madhuka (flowers), and

Parushaka, cooled it and used for Urdhwaga Raktapitta.

5. One who suffering from Kasa, Asthishoola, should take the Draksha, Madhuka,

Tugakshiri, Pippali, and Bala mixed with ghee and honey.

6. Madhuka, Musta, Mrudvika, Kashmarya, Parushaka (fruits of these three),

Trayamana, Usira, Triphala and Katukarohini, all together kept over night in water

and taken in the morning this alleviates Jwara.

7. Decocation of Vasa, Mrudvika, Haritaki, added with sugar and honey, alleviates

Swasha, Kasa and Raktapiita.

8. In Rajayakshma Draksha, Kharjura, Pippali, Haritaki, Shringi and Duralabha, this

formulation should be taken along with honey and ghee.

9. Old ghee 640gm cooked with paste of dried grapes 320gm alleviates Kamala,

Gulma, Pandhu, Jwara, Prameha, Udararoga.

10. Manjista, Draksha, Haridra, Bala(root), Loha-bhasma, Lodhra, with these jaggary

should be prepared for those suffering from Pandu roga.

11. Ghee, juice of sugarcane, Draksha, milk, sugar, should be given to him to induce

vomiting by this alimentary tract and chest becomes purified by Shodhana.

12. Draksha also used for the subsiding the Jwara.

13. Parushaka, Draksha, Katphala, Dadima, and Triphala etc included in Parushakadi

gana mitigate Vata disorders.

14. Draksha and Madhuka, it cures the disorders of Kapha, and it also helps in

Malahara properties.


29

15. Roots of Danti, Dravanti, along with Maricha, Vishvabheshaja, Mridvika,

Chitaraka, are socked in Gomutra for 7 days and converted in powder it act as a

Kapha-Pithahara.

16. Mridvika, Sharkara, Amalaki, is best used for the reducing Bhrama, and Trushna.

17. Draksha decoction also used for Raktapiita, Kshyaya, Swarabheda, Jwara,

Trushana, Mutrakrucha, and Vibhanda.

18. Haritaki churna should be drink along with Draksha Swarasa for Piitaja Granthi

chikitsa

19. The preparation of Mridvika, Amalaki, Nagara, Badara, Sariva, Musta, Chandana,

mixed with honey it cures Trushna, Chardi, Daha, Jwara, and Pittaja disorders.

20. Phanta prepared from Madhukapushpa, Mridvika, Tiktaka, Triphala, Ghambhari,

consumed at proper time it will cure all types of fever.

21. Medicated ghee prepared with Kharjura, Draksha, Parushaka, Madhuka, and

Pipali it cures Kasa, Jwara and Swasha.

22. The juice of Draksha and Amalaki is best for patient suffering from Pandhu and

Kamala.

23. For Rasnadi Basti the paste of Madhanaphala, Saindhava, Indrayava, soup of

meet, honey, Draksha, are used for Basti karma.

24. In vaginal disorders Draksha and Kashamrya will be used.

Table.13 Showing Vishishta yoga of Draksha.


Draksharista. Urakshata, Shwasa, Swarabheda, Sh Sam 10/43.

Drakshadi kwath Vata jwara, Trushna, Daha. A.S. 13/3

Traushanadi ghruta, Kasa, Jwara, Gulma, Kamala, Arsha, Ch ci 18/39

Parushaka grutha Vata-rakta, Arsha, Pittaja-Jwara, Ch ci 29/59.

Sukumar grutha Vrudhi, shotha, Arsha etc. A H ci 2/44

Drakshadi phanta Trushna. Jwara etc A H ci 6/72

Chitrakadi leha Kasa, Hrudroga, Gulma etc. Ch. Chi 18/154

Vidari Gruta Mutraghaata. Bhi Rat (35/30).


30

REFERENCES:


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§ÉçwhÉÉ SÉWû euÉU µÉÉxÉ U£ü ÌmÉ¨Éç ¤ÉiÉ ¤ÉrÉÉlÉ:|

uÉÉiÉÌmÉ¨É ESÉuÉiÉï xuÉUpÉåSÉ qÉSÉirÉrÉqÉç:|| cÉ. xÉÑ (27/ 125.)

2. qÉljÉ: ZéeÉÑïUqÉëÑÌ²MüÉ uÉëÑ¤ÉÉqsÉÉÎqsÉMüÉSÉÌSqÉå:|

mÉÂzÉMüÉ:xÉÉqÉsÉYrÉrÉÑ£üÉå qÉ±ÌuÉMüÉUÉlÉÑiÉÉ: || cÉ xÉÑ (23/38)

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iÉ¢ü ÍxÉkSèrÉuÉÉaÉÑxrÉÉiÉ Ì¢üÍqÉblÉ xÉÑuÉÎUçcÉïMüÉ : || cÉ xÉÑ ( 2/23)

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qÉÉÎkuÉMüuÉ³É cÉÉiÉÑzÉlÉÉå qÉëÑÌ²MüÉxÉÑUÉxÉÉuÉÉ : || cÉ xÉÑ (27/ 188)

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¤ÉëÑaÉÉOûMüÉÍhÉ qÉëÑÌ²MüÉ xÉÉkÉrÉåiÉ mÉëxÉÑiÉÉåÎlqÉiÉÉ : || cÉ ÍcÉ (2/14)

6. eÉsÉÇZÉeÉÑïUÉqÉëÑÌ²MüÉ:qÉSÒMüÉå: xÉmÉÂwÉMüÉå: |

¤ÉëÑiÉÍzÉiÉ: mÉërÉÉYixrÉå i§ÉmÉhÉÉjÉ: || cÉ ÍcÉ (3/ 205)

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xÉÌmÉmÉÍsÉMüÉ uÉåxuÉãrÉMüÉxÉxuÉÉxÉ euÉëUÉmÉWûqÉ: || cÉ ÍcÉ (8/96)

8. mÉÑUÉhÉxÉãÌmÉwÉ: mÉëxjÉÉå SìYzÉÉkÉãmÉëxjÉÉå xÉÉÍkÉiÉç: |

MüÉqÉsÉÉaÉÑsqÉÉmÉÉhQÒû uÉÌiÉïqÉåWûÉåSUÉmÉWûqÉç: || cÉ ÍcÉ (16/52)

xÉÑ´ÉÑiÉ xÉÇÌWûiÉ

1. qÉÑ§ÉUÉåkÉeÉÉESÉuÉirÉï—SìÉ¤ÉÉUxÉqÉjÉÉÌmÉ uÉÉ : || xÉÑ E (55)

Ì§ÉTüsÉÉcÉåÌiÉmÉÂwÉMüÉËUirÉwÉ aÉhÉÉå ÌlÉsÉÌuÉlÉzÉlÉqÉç : || xÉÑ xÉÑ (38/43)

2. ÌmÉ¨ÉmÉëoÉsÉå SìÉ¤ÉÉMåüiÉMüiÉTüsÉÇ mÉrÉxrÉÉqÉÇ kÉÑMücÉlSlÉ : |

MüÉzqÉrÉïMüwÉÉrÉÉ zÉMïüUÉ qÉkÉÑqÉkÉÑU mÉÉrÉårÉiÉ: || xÉÑ ÍcÉ (5/8)

3. rÉwÉirÉÉWûÍqÉÍxÉÍxÉlkÉÑ EiÉTüsÉÉÌlÉlSuÉuÉÉrÉå : |

UxÉÉlelÉqÉÇUxÉ¤ÉéåSìSìÉ¤ÉÉ xÉÉåÌuÉUxÉÇrÉÑYirÉæ : || xÉÑ ÍcÉ (37/72)


31

4. SìÉ¤ÉÉUxÉålÉ¤ÉÑUxÉålÉ uÉeÉÌmÉ cÉÔhÉïç ÌmÉoÉåiÉÌmÉ WûËUiÉÌMüiÉÉqÉç : |

qÉkÉÑMüeÉqoÉÑAeÉÑïlÉÉuÉåiÉxÉÉlÉÉqÉ iuÉÉÎakÉ mÉëSåWûÉlÉÉqÉuÉcÉÉUrÉåiÉ : || xÉÑ ÍcÉ ( 18/9)

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A¹ÉÇaÉ WØûSrÉ

1. mÉjrÉÉqÉsÉMÇüqÉëÑSÌuÉMüÉ mÉOûÉåÍsÉqÉëÑSzÉMïüUÉ : |

bÉëÑiÉÉSÏurÉÉåSMü¤ÉÏUÇ ¤ÉÉåSìSÉÌQûqÉÉ xÉÉåkÉuÉqÉÇ: || A Wû xÉÑ (8\42)

2. xÉMüÉxÉxuÉÉxÉmÉÉÎ¤uÉiÉÉå uÉÉiÉzsÉåwqÉÉåi§Uå euÉUå :|

qÉkÉÑMümÉÑwmÉqÉëÑSuÉÏMüÉ§ÉÉrÉqÉÉlÉÉ mÉÂwÉMüqÉç :|| A Wû ÍcÉ (1/67).

3. bÉëÑiÉÇ ZéeÉÑïUÉ qÉëÑÌ²MüÉqÉkÉÑMåü xÉmÉÂwÉMæüü : |

xÉÌmÉmmÉÍsÉMüÉ uÉæxuÉrÉïMüÉxÉµÉÉxÉ euÉUmÉWûqÉçÇ : || A Wû ÍcÉ (5/18).

4. SÉWûSÏwÉÑ Ì§ÉuÉëÑ¨MüsMüÉqÉëÑÌ²MüÉ uÉÉËUhÉÉÌmÉoÉåiÉ: |

iÉÌ²kÉÌmÉ¨É¢ÑüSÉiÉÉlÉç WûiuÉÉSÉWûÌSMüÉlÉç eÉrÉiÉå : || A Wû Mü (5/26).

5. mÉOûÉåsÉqÉÑxiÉÉ qÉëÑÌ²MüÉaÉÑQÒûcÉÏ Ì§ÉTüsÉÉå SìuÉqÉÇ :||

ÍzÉzÉÉåxiÉÑ zÉMïüUÉ ¤ÉéåSìå: xÉiÉiÉÇÌiÉÍqÉUÉiÉÑUÉ : || A W E (13/19)

kÉluÉliÉUÏ ÌlÉbÉhOÒû: (AÉqÉëÉSÏ uÉaÉï)

SìÉ¤ÉÉ cÉÉÂTüsÉÉ ¢ÑüwhÉÉ ÌmÉërÉÉsÉÉ iÉÉmÉxÉÌmÉërÉÉ : |

MüÉzqÉÏËUMüÉ ÌuÉÌlÉÌSìwOûÉ UxÉÉsÉÉ MüUqÉïÌSMüÉ : || (49)

SìÉ¤ÉÉ ¾è±UxÉÉ xuÉrÉÉï qÉkÉÑUÉ ÎxlÉakÉÉzÉÏiÉsÉÉ : |

U£üÌmÉ¨É euÉU µÉÉxÉ§ÉÑwÉhÉÉ SÉWû ¤ÉrÉÉmÉWûqÉ : || (50)


1. SìÉ¤ÉÉTüsÉÉåiÉqÉÉxuÉÉÌS WûÉUWÒûËUcÉç oÉëÑWûÌlÉ : |

qÉkÉÑrÉÉåÌlÉ¶ÉÂTüsÉÉ UxÉÉsÉÉ qÉkÉÑ xÉqÉÇpÉuÉÉ: || (268)

2. AÉqÉÉxÉÉqsÉÉaÉÑhÉÉ aÉÑÌuÉï xÉÉåuÉÉqsÉÉ U£üÌmÉ¨É¢ÑüiÉÉ : |


32

SìÉ¤ÉÉqsÉÉåYzÉlÉÉ xÉUÉ aÉÑÌuÉï uÉÉiÉÎblÉ MüTüÌmÉ¨ÉSÉ : || (301)

3. U£üÌmÉ¨ÉeuÉUµÉÉxÉ §ÉÑwhÉÉSÉWû qÉSÉirÉlÉÉ : |

iÉ²aÉÉåxiÉÌlÉMüÉ SìÉ¤ÉÉxuÉÉSÏuÉëÑwÉiÉqÉÉ qÉiÉÉ : || (304)

pÉÉuÉmÉëMüÉzÉ ÌlÉbÉhOÒû: (AÉqÉëmÉsÉÉSÏ uÉaÉï)

Sì¤ÉÉmÉYuÉÉUxÉÉzÉÏiÉÉ cÉYzÉÑzÉÉoÉëÑWûÍhÉ aÉÑÂ : |

xuÉSÒmÉÉMüUxÉÉxuÉrÉÉïiÉÑuÉUÉ ´ÉÑ¹ÉuÉÏhqÉÑ§ÉÉ :

MüÉå¹qÉÉÂiÉÉ¢ÑüiÉÉ uÉëÑwrÉÉ MüTümÉÑÌ¹mÉëSÉ : || (111)

UÉeÉ ÌlÉbÉhOÒû: (AÉqÉëÉSÏ uÉaÉï)

1. AlrÉÉ MüÌmÉsÉSìÉ¤ÉÉ qÉëÑÌ²MüÉaÉÉåxiÉlÉÏcÉç MüÌmÉsÉTüsÉÉ : |

AqÉëÑiÉUxÉÉ SÏbÉïTüsÉÉ qÉkÉÑuÉÎssÉ cÉ : || (102)

2. aÉÉåxiÉÌlÉ qÉkÉÑUÉ ÍzÉiÉÉ ¾Òû±ÉcÉç qÉ±WïûwÉÏÍhÉ : |

SÉWû qÉÑcNûÉï euÉU µÉÉxÉ-§ÉÑwÉhÉÉ¾èsÉÉxÉ lÉÉÍzÉlÉÏ : || (104)

3. AlrÉÉ xÉÉ MüÉMüÍsÉSìÉ¤ÉÉeÉqoÉÑMüÉcÉç TüsÉÉåiÉqÉÉ : |

sÉbÉÑSì¤ÉÉ cÉç ÌlÉëÌoÉïeÉÉ xÉÑuÉëÑiÉÉ ÂÍcÉMüÉËUÌlÉ : || (106)


33

MODERN DRUG REVIEW

CLASSIFICATION


Kingdom Plantae

Subkingdom Tracheobionta

Super division Spermatophyta

Division Magnoliophyta

Class Vitaceda

Subclass Vitadae

Order vitales

Family Vitaceae

Genus Vinifera L.

Species Vitis vinifera Linn.

VERNACULAR NAMES

English: Dry grap’s, Raisins.

Hindi: Munkka.

Kannada: -Draksha.

Marathi: Draksha, Anguar.

Gujarati: . Drakh, Darakh.

Punjabi: . Munaca.

Bengali: -.Maneka.

Malayalam: - .Munthringya.

Tamil: - Drakshai, Kottai, Drakshai.

Urdu: - Munaqqa.

Assam -Dakh, Munaqqa.

Arabic: - Mewis, Sabib, Anaib.

Persian: -Angur.

Oriya: - drakya, Gostoni.

Sind: - Drakh.

Telgu: - Drakshakottai,

Sanskrit: - Mrdvika, Gostani


34

MORPHOLOGY

Family: VITACEAE:

There are about 11 genera species 450 in this family

Distribution: Extensively cultivated in north western India. In Punjab, Karnataka,

Maharashtra, Delhi, Andrapradesh, etc, also in meddle east and

southern European countries.

Habits: A large, perennial tendril climber; tendrils leaf opposed often bifid,

Leaves: Simple, rotund-cordate or orbicular-cordate, dentate, 3-7 lobed, 10-12

cm across, glabrous above, tomentose beneath.

Flowers: Regular hermaphrodite or unisexual in pedicled umbelled or spicate

cymes usually opposites the leaves; peduncles often transformed in to

tendril or tendril bearing calyx small entire 4-5 lobed. Petals 4-5 valved

free or connate caducous. Stamens 4-5 opposite the petals inserted at

the base of the disk 2-6 celled ovules 1-2 inch cell ascending anthropus

style.

Fruit: A berry, sticky and pulpy, dark brown to black, oblong or oval,

sometimes spherical, 1.5-2.5cm wide; outer skin irregular wrinkled

forming ridges and furrows; usually contain 1-4 seed, 4-7mm long,

ovoid rounded to triangular or simply ovoid, brown to black; odour,

sweetish and pleasant; taste, sweet.

Stamens: 4-5 opposite;

Filaments: free or connate

Ovary: usually sunk in the disk 2-6celld.

Ovules: 2 or more from the inner angles of the cells anatropous (rarely

orthotropous);


35

Genus: Vitis Linn.

Habit: Shrubs usually cirrhose sarmentose often climbing to a great height

very rarely erect.

Leaves: Simple or compound, (vary rarely 2 pinnate)

Flowers: Small, some times polygamous umbellate cymose paniculate leaf

opposed (very rarely axillary) usually towards the end of branches

Calyx: Short entire or 4-5 lobes, petals 4-5 free or calyptrately cohering apex.

Stamens: 4-5 inserted below the margin of the disk; anthers free,

Filaments: free or connate below;

Ovary: 2 celled short.

Seeds: few, compressed;

Species: Vitis vinifera Linn

Habit: A large deciduous climber, tendrils long, bifid.

Leaves: 7.5-1.5 cm. long, orbicular-cordate, more or less deeply(3)5-lobed,

Margin irregularly and coarsely toothed, glabrous or nearly so above,

clothed beneath with deciduous grey tomentum, thin, membranous;

petiole 3.8-7.5 cm.long.

Flowers: Green, inflorescene leaf opposed of panicled cymes; peducle

sometimes bearing an unbranched tendril below the flowers.

Petals : 5, cohering at the apex.

Ovary : 5, hypogynous glands adnate to the base.

Style : Very short, thick.

Seed : 2-4, pear shaped, with a discoidal tubercle on the back from wich a low

ridges run over the top and down the ventral face.


36

PHARMACOGNOSY:

Mature dried fruit, a berry, is sticky and pulpy, dark brown to black in colour, oblong

or oval, some time spherical, 1.5- 2.5cm long and 0.5-1.5 cm wide. Seeds generally 1-

4 in number are 4-7mm in long, ovoid-rounded to triangular or simple ovoid

Under Microscope, the fruit shows a single layered epidermis, cells filled with

reddish-brown contents; mesocarp pulpy, composed of thin wall irregular cells

containing prismatic crystals of calcium oxalate measuring 13.75-41mu in diameter

and some fibrovascular bundles. Seeds consist of testa and endosperm; testa

composed of thick walled yellowish cells; endosperm consisting of angular

parenchymatous cells containing oil globules and cluster crystals of calcium oxalate,

measuring 11-16mu diameter.

Table.14 Characters of Vitis venifera Dried Fruit.

CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS:

Palmitic, stearic, oleic, linoic, linolenic acids (shoot); isochlorogenic acids,

isomer of quercitrin, isomer of rutin, monoglycolipid containing a free amino group ,

caffeic, and caffeyeltartaric acid, ellagitannins- brevlagin 1, vitilagin and iso vitaligin

(leaves); 16 B-hydroxy-3-oxoolean 12-en-28-oic acid, 3-oxic acid, 16- B-hydroxyolen

-12-en(cuticle) ; linolol, geraniol, elemol acetate, @-terpional (essential oil of leaves);

Characters Vitis venifera Dried Fruit.

Macroscopic

Shape Oblong or oval, some time spherical

Size 1.5- 2.5cm long and 0.5-1.5 cm wide.

Colour Black, crinkled,

Taste. Sweetish sour.

Microscopic

Pericarp. Differentiated in to single layer epicarp.

Mesocarp. Multilayered, fleshy.

Endocarp. Hard and Stony.

Epicarp. Single layered, thin walled cells.


37

3-monoglucosides of delphinidin, cynidin, petinudium, glycosides, malic acid, tannic

acid, dehydroascorbic acid, cholesterol, glucose, fructose, galactose, mannose,

arabinose, rhamonose, and amino acid like alanine, arginine and praline (fruit);

quercetin-3-glucoside, (+) catechin, (-) epecatechin, (+) gallactocatachin,

procyanidins B1 & B2, oleanolic acid, B-sistosterol glucoside, semi drying oil

containing palmitic, steric, olic, and linolicacids along with sistopherol tocopherol

(seeds); cis-1-(5-methyl-5-methylethylhydrofron-2-yl) -1-methyl ethyl O-beta- D-

afiofuracinosyl-1-(1 to 6) beta-D-glucopyraanoside.

PHARMACOLOGY:

Antifungal, angiotensin-converting enzymes (ACE) activity, tumor inhibitory,

anti ulcer, hepatoprotective, antioxidant, wound healing, antimutagenic, antiherpitic,

cardio protective, breast cancer suppressor, antibacterial.

CULTIVATION & PROPAGATION:

Grapes grow on wide range of soils, from sandy to clay loams, shallow to very

deep soils. From highly calcareous to non-calcareous and from very low to very deep

soils, from highly fertility soils. Grape vines are invariably propagated by stem

cuttings, through reproduction by seeds, layers or grafts may be done for special

purposes, Cuttings should always be taken from healthy, vigorous vines having well

maturated cane. Cuttings are usually taken from the prunings during august-

November. They should be 40-50cm long and over 8mm thick 3-5 buds each. In the

nursery, the cuttings are planned in well-drained soil. Generally 90 days are required

for satisfactory rooting. Cutting planted after 20 days storage in one part of soil plus

three part of sand media have been reported good for survival and root and shoot

growth. The rooted cuttings with the fresh leaves are planted at side in pits or

trenches. The side shoots are systematically remove to ensure rapid growth of main

steam. Heavy irrigation, application of farmyard manure and fertilizers are necessary

for the growth grapevines. The vine may commence to yield fruits in the second or

third year of its planting.


38

PHOTOS:

Photo No 3. Vitis vinifera Fruits (Grapes)

Photo No 4. Vitis vinifera dry fruit (Raisins)

DRUG REVIEW - KHAJURA

39

KHARJURA

The Kharjura it is also commonest fruit in traditional use as a nutritional

properties. In Charak Samhita Sutrasthana mainly Kharjura explained for reference of

Madathaya, Aruchi, Raktapita, Rajayakshama, etc disorders. Also in Chikitsasthana

mentioned about treatment of Kasa, Visarpa, Trushana, etc.

In Susharuta Samhata also indicates the Kharjura as a treatment aspect of

Shonitameha, Bhagandara, Hikka, Kasa etc. and included in Phala varga.

In Ashatanghrudya it mentioned under treatment of Mada, Murcha, Hrudroga, Arsha,

Gulma, and included in Kashaya dravya varga.

Almost all of the Nighantukaras starting from ancient period to till date have

mentioned elaborately regarding its Guna Karma, Prayoga and Bheda etc.

Bhavaprakasha and Priya nighantu are included Kharjura in Phalavarga and Raja

nighantu and Dhanvantari nighantu explained under Amadi varga.

Madhava Dravyagunakara it includes under Phala varga, Shaka varga, and Srashata

varga.

Now days Kharjura fruit is being used as cooling, oleaginous, cardiotonic,

fattening, cardiac disorder etc.

aÉhÉ – uÉaÉï-

Table.15. Showing Gana and varga of Kharjura.

aÉhÉ – uÉaÉï cÉ.xÉÇ xÉÑ.xÉÇ A.WØû kÉ.ÌlÉ qÉ.ÌlÉ Mæü.ÌlÉ qÉÉ.Sìè. pÉÉ.ÌlÉ UÉ.ÌlÉ ÌlÉ.AÉ ÌmÉë.ÌlÉ

TüsÉ uÉaÉï + + + + +

zÉÉMü uÉaÉï +

AÉæwÉÍkÉ uÉaÉï +

AÉqÉÉÌS uÉaÉï + +

´Éå¹ uÉaÉï +

ÌuÉUåcÉlÉÉåmÉaÉç aÉhÉ +

´ÉqÉWûU +

MüwÉÉrÉSìuÉaÉï +

MüwÉÉrÉxMükÉ +

qÉkÉÑUxMülkÉ +

iÉÉsÉÉÌS uÉaÉï. +


40


ÌlÉÂÌ£ü

1. ZÉeÉÑïUÏ: ZÉeÉÑï:urÉjÉÉ “ZÉeÉï urÉjÉlÉå” ZÉeÉÑïUÉiÉÏ SSÉÌiÉiÉÏ :| xMÇülSxrxÉç mÉÂwÉiuÉÉiÉ.: || (pÉÉ ÌlÉ)

It cures all types of Vata disorders, it cures Kshaya.

2. ZÉUxMükÉÉ: ZÉU: mÉÑÂwÉÉ: xMülkÉÉåxrÉÉ : || (A ÌlÉ)

Stem is rough in nature.

3. SÒUÉUÉåWûÉ: xMÇülkÉxrÉ ZÉUiuÉÉiÉç ¢ÑücNåûhÉÉÂ½irÉå : || (pÉÉ ÌlÉ)

Difficulty to climb the tree because of its rough surfcae.

4. SìÓQûMüliÉMüÉ : mÉ§ÉÉhÉÉÇ MühOûÌMüiuÉÉiÉ : || (Mæü ÌlÉ)

The leaves are spiny.

5. ÌlÉ:´ÉåhÉÏ : xÉqÉÑWûÉÍ³ÉwMüÉliÉÉ EcÉiuÉÉiÉ : || (kÉ ÌlÉ)

It is tall tree.

6. ÌmÉhQûÏ : ÌmÉhQûÉMüÉUTüsÉiuÉÉiÉ | mÉÏhQûÉMüÉUÏAÉxrÉÉxrÉÉiÉÏ: || (ÌlÉ AÉ)

Fruit are roundish in shape.

7. xMÇülkÉTüsÉÉ: xMülkÉåMühQåûTüsÉÉÍhÉ xÉlirÉÉxjÉÉ : || (pÉÉ ÌlÉ)

Fruits appearing on the trunk

1. xuÉÉSÒTüsÉÉ : xuÉÉSÒÌlÉ TüsÉÉlrÉxrÉÉ : || (Mæü ÌlÉ)

The fruits are sweet.

2. xuÉSÒqÉxiÉMüÉ : xuÉÉSÒqÉxiÉMåü zÉÏwÉïpÉÉaÉÉåxrÉÉ : || (pÉÉ ÌlÉ)

The top portion is sweet.

Table.16 Showing important Paryaya nama of the Kharjura

mÉrÉÉïrÉ lÉÉqÉ cÉ.xÉÇ xÉÑ.xÉÇ A.WØû kÉ.ÌlÉ qÉÉ.Sì qÉ.ÌlÉ Mæü.ÌlÉ pÉÉ.ÌlÉ UÉ.ÌlÉ ÌlÉ.AÉ ÌmÉë.ÌlÉ

ZÉUxMülkÉÉ +

SÒUÉUÉåWûÉ +

ÌlÉ:´ÉåhÉÏ +

xuÉÉSÒqÉxiÉMüÉ + +

´ÉåhÉÏ + +

ZÉeÉÑïËUMüÉ +

ZÉeÉÑïËUMüÉ uÉëÑ¤É + + +

´ÉÏTüsÉÉ +


41

ZÉeÉÑïU + + + + + + + + + + +

²ÏumÉxÉÇpÉuÉÉ +

ÌmÉhQûZÉeÉÑïËUMüÉ + +

ZÉeÉëÑï + + + + +

xÉÑMühOûMüÉ +

xMülkÉTüsÉÉ + + +

xuÉÉÌ² +

qÉëÑSÒcÉSÉ + + +

pÉÑÍqÉZÉeÉÑïËUMüÉ + + +

MüÉMüMïüMüOûÏ +

SìÓQûMÇüOûMüÉ +

ÍxÉÇWûÏ +

xuÉÉSÒTüsÉÉ + +

xÉÑTüsÉÉ +

ZÉeÉÑïËU + + + + + + +

rÉuÉlÉå¹É +

WûUÏÌmÉrÉÉ +

xuÉÉÌS¹ + + +

AaÉëeÉ +

aÉÑhÉ

Table.17 Showing Gunas of Kharjura

aÉÑhÉ cÉ.xÉÇ xÉÑ.xÉÇ A.WØû kÉ.ÌlÉ qÉ.ÌlÉ qÉÉ.Sì Mæü.ÌlÉ pÉÉ.ÌlÉ UÉ.ÌlÉ ÌlÉ.AÉ ÌmÉë.ÌlÉ

qÉkÉÑU + + + + + + + + + UxÉ

MüwÉÉrÉ + + +

ÎxlÉakÉ + + + + +

aÉÑÂ + + + + + aÉÑhÉ

zÉÏiÉ + + +

uÉÏrÉï zÉÏiÉ + + + + +

ÌuÉmÉÉMü qÉkÉÑU + + + + + + + +

uÉÉiÉWûU + + + +

MüTüMüÉUMü + + + + + + + + + + SÉåwÉblÉiÉÉ

ÌMüÎgcÉiÉ

ÌmÉ¨ÉMüÉUMü

+

+ +

+


42

MüqÉï

Table.18 Showing important Karmas of Kharjura.

MüqÉï cÉ.xÉÇ xÉÑ.xÉÇ A.WØû kÉ.ÌlÉ qÉ.ÌlÉ. qÉÉ.Sì Mæü.ÌlÉ pÉÉ.ÌlÉ UÉ.ÌlÉ ÌlÉ.AÉ ÌmÉë.ÌlÉ

oÉsrÉ + + + + + + + + +

AÎalÉuÉkÉïMü + + + + +

sÉÇbÉlÉ + +

mÉÉcÉlÉ + + + +

¾Òû± + + + +

zÉÑ¢üsÉ + + + +

SÏmÉlÉ +

zÉÏiÉsÉ + +

qÉÑ§ÉeÉlÉlÉ + + + + +

oÉ×ÇWûhÉ + + +

iÉmÉïhÉ +

ZÉeÉÑïU pÉåS:

Kharjura is one of the commonly used fruits and is one among the “Madhura-

Triphala” Bhavamishra describes three varieties viz Bhumi kharjurika, Pinda

kharjurika, & Chouhara. Raja nighantu mentioned five verities viz,. Kharjura, Pinda

Kharjura, Raja kharjura, Madhu kharjura and Bhu kharjura.

1. qÉkÉÑ ZÉeÉÑïU

2. ÌmÉhQû ZÉeÉÑïU

3. pÉÔZÉeÉÑïËU

4. UÉeÉ ZÉeÉÑïU

5. aÉëÉqrÉ ZÉeÉÑïU

6. NûÉåWûÉUÉ


mÉërÉÉåerÉ A…¡û:

1. TüsÉ


43

qÉÉ§ÉÉ:

1. MüsMü- 10-20 gm

2. TüsÉ – 5 in no.

3. xuÉUxÉ- 20- 40 ml

mÉërÉÉåaÉ

The various disorders in which the Kharjura is used mainly are Vatavyadhi,

Kshya, Trushana, etc. and also in various disease conditions as shown in the following

table.

Table.19 Showing important Prayoga of Kharjura in different Vyadhi

mÉërÉÉåaÉ cÉ.xÉÇ xÉÑ.xÉÇ A.WØû kÉ.ÌlÉ qÉ.ÌlÉ qÉÉ.Sì Mæü.ÌlÉ pÉÉ.ÌlÉ UÉ.ÌlÉ ÌlÉ.AÉ ÌmÉë.ÌlÉ

uÉÉiÉurÉÉÍkÉ + + + + + + +

qÉSÉirÉrÉ +

U£üÌmÉ¨É +

MüÉxÉ + + + + +

qÉÑ§É¢ÑüNûû + +

pÉaÉÇSU + + + +

zÉÉåÍhÉiÉqÉåWû + + + + + + +

AÂcÉÏ + + + + +

ÌWûMüMüÉ + + +

µÉÉxÉ + + +

¤ÉrÉ + + + + + +

¤ÉiÉ¤ÉrÉ + + + + +

MüÉxÉ + + + +

SÉWû + +

´ÉqÉ + +

pÉëÉÎliÉ + +

zÉÔsÉ + + + + +

ÎeÉhÉïeuÉU + +

qÉÔcNûÉï + + + + + +

AÂÍcÉ + + +

MÑü¹ + + +

zÉÉåjÉ + +

AÎalÉqÉÉl± + +


44


1. Talapralamba (tender top portion of tala stem) alleviates wound and pain in

chest. Kharjura and fruit of Tala is useful in Raktapitta, and Kshaya.

2. In the tepid decoction of Danti 40 gm, Kashamarya (fruit), or Draksha 160gm,

is dipped and then pressed. The juice so extracted should be taken in anaemia.

3. The decoction of Bala, Mudgaparni, Mashparni, Jivanti, Jevaka, Raddi,

Rasabala, Kakoli, Gokshura, Madhka, Shatavari, Vidari, Draksha, Khajura

should be added to the same quantity, it will be Vajikara properties.

4. Mild boiled with Shunthi, Mrudvika, and Kharjura, added with ghee, honey,

and sugar alleviates Trushana & Jwara.

5. Shalamali, Narikela, Kharjura, Mrdvika, Priyala, Priyangu, Dhanvana,

Atmagupta, etc drugs made decoction this alleviates the Jwara quickly. Also

made an oil preparation for this drugs will called Chandandya taila.

6. Water boiled with Kharjura, Mrudvika, and Parushaka, and cooled with along

with sugar used in Raktapitta Chikitsa.

7. The patient suffering from Raktapitta should take powder of the flowers of

Khadira , Priyangu, Kovidara and Shalamali, mixed with honey.

8. Powder of Sringataka, Parchadpaddy, Musta, Kharjura, & Lotus stem should

be taken with honey it cures the Raktapitta.

9. Draksha, Madhuka, Kharjura, Vidari, Shatavari, Parushaka, Triphala, each

40gm, should be boiled in water 2.56lt remains one fourth , this should be

added with ghee, sugarcane juice, milk along with one fourth paste at the end

sugar and sugar & honey in one fourth quantity should be added to it. The use

of this Ghruth destroys Pittagulma and other Paittika disorders.

10. Ghee mixed with Dates, Mrudvika, Sugar, honey, and long piper alleviates

impairment Kasa, Swasa. & Jwara.

Table.20 Showing Vishishta Yoga of Kharjura


ZÉeÉÔïUÉÌS qÉljÉÇ qÉSÉirÉrÉ, uÉÉiÉÌmÉ¨ÉeÉ urÉÉkÉÏ. cÉ.ÍcÉ. (14/209)

MÑüÎqpÉMüÉ± iÉæsÉ. lÉÉÌQûuÉëhÉ. pÉæ.U¦ÉÉuÉÍsÉ (50/24)

ZÉeÉÔïUÉÌS YuÉÉjÉ SÉWû, ´ÉqÉ. cÉ.ÍcÉ (5 /15)

ZÉeÉÔïUÉÌS MüwÉÉrÉ AzqÉËU, qÉÔ§ÉUÉåaÉ, M×üÍqÉ, pÉæ.U¦ÉÉuÉÍsÉ (11/6)

ZÉeÉÔïUÉÌS sÉåWû ÌWûMüMüÉ, µÉÉxÉ, MüÉxÉ, pÉæ.U¦ÉÉuÉÍsÉ (15/11)


45

REFERENCES:


1. qÉkÉÑU oÉëÑWûhÉ uÉëÑwrÉç ZÉeÉÑïU aÉÑÂ zÉÏiÉsÉÇqÉç : |

¤ÉrÉåAÍpÉbÉÉiÉå SÉWåû cÉç iÉ²ÏiÉqÉ : || cÉ xÉÑ (27/127)

2. ZÉeÉÑïU iÉÉsÉzÉxrÉ cÉç U£æüÌmÉ¨É¤ÉrÉÉmÉWûqÉÇ : |

iÉÂiÉoÉÏsuÉzÉÉsÉÑ MüMüÉãcNûÉSlÉ MüzÉåÂMüqÉ : || cÉ xÉÑ (27/116)

3 SìÉ¤ÉÉZÉeÉÑïUMüÉåsÉÉÇlÉÉ aÉÑÂ ÌuÉ¹èÇqpÉÏ mÉÉlÉMüqÉçÇ : |

mÉÂwÉMüÉlÉÉÇ ¤ÉÉåSìèxrÉ ŠYxrÉåwÉÑ ÌuÉ¢ÑüiÉÏ mÉëÌiÉ : || cÉ xÉÑ (27/279)

4. AÉiqÉaÉÑmiÉÉ qÉSÒMüÉÌlÉ ZÉeÉÑïUÉÌlÉ zÉiÉÉuÉUÏ : |

ÌuÉSÉrÉÉïqÉsÉMåüwÉÑhÉÉ UxÉxrÉ cÉ mÉëÑjÉMü mÉëÑjÉMü : || cÉ ÍcÉ (2/28)

5. xÉlÉÉaÉUÇ xÉqÉëÑSÌuÉMüÉ xÉbÉëiÉ¤ÉÉåSìzÉMïüUÉqÉ : |

¤ÉëÑiÉmÉrÉÇ xÉZÉeÉÑïUÇ ÌmÉmÉÉxÉÉcÉç euÉUlÉÉzÉlÉqÉ : || cÉ ÍcÉ (3/237)

6. eÉsÉÇ ZÉeÉÑïU qÉëÑSÌuÉMüÉ qÉSÒMãü xÉmÉÂwÉMãü : |

mÉërÉÉåxiÉYrÉÇ iÉmÉÉïhÉÉjÉï xÉzÉMïüUqÉ : || cÉ ÍcÉ (4/33)

7. SìÉ¤ÉÉqÉkÉÑMüZÉeÉÑïUÉ ÌuÉSÉUÏ xÉ zÉiÉÉuÉËUqÉç : |

mÉÂwÉMüÉhÉÏ Ì§ÉTüsÉÉ xÉkÉrÉåiuÉmÉsÉ xÉÇÍqÉ¨ÉqÉ : |

...............ÌmÉ¨ÉÌuÉMüÉUÉiÉÉ (CÌiÉ SìÉ¤ÉÉÌS bÉëÑiÉ) cÉ ÍcÉ (5/128)

8. bÉëÑiÉZÉeÉÑïU qÉëÑÌ²MüÉ zÉMïüUÉ ¤ÉÉåSì xÉÇrÉÑ£üqÉ : |

xÉ ÌmÉmÉÍsÉMüÉÇ uÉæxuÉrÉï MüÉxÉ µÉÉxÉ euÉUÉmÉWûqÉÇ : || cÉ ÍcÉ (8/96)

xÉÑ´ÉÑiÉ xÉÇÌWûiÉÉ

1. euÉUå qÉÑZÉuÉæUxrÉ SìÉ¤ÉÉZÉeÉÑïUÉrÉÉåxjÉiÉÉ : |

uÉæUxrÉ kÉÉUrÉåiÉ MüsMü aÉhQÒûwÉ¶Éç iÉjÉÉ ÌWûiÉÇ : || xÉÑ E (19/185)

2. ZÉeÉÑïUqÉkrÉÇ qÉÉaÉkrÉÇ qÉkÉÑÌ²ÌiÉrÉÉ : |

MüiÉïurÉÉ:iÉåÌWûMüMüÉxÉÑ ÌuÉSèlrÉÉlÉiÉÉ : || xÉÑ E (50/28)

3. ¤ÉiÉ¤ÉrÉÉmÉWûqÉ ¾Òû± zÉÏiÉsÉiÉmÉïhÉ aÉÑÂ : |

UxÉåmÉÉMåü cÉ qÉkÉÑU ZÉeÉÑïU U£üÌmÉ¨ÉÎeÉiÉ : || xÉÑ xÉÑ (46/186)


46

4. ZÉeÉÑïËUMüÉ TüsÉÇ zÉÏiÉ qÉkÉÑU UxÉmÉÉMürÉÉå : |

oÉsrÉWûÎliÉ qÉÉÂÎimÉ¨ÉqÉSqÉÑNûÉïqÉSÉirÉÉqÉÇ : || xÉÑ xÉÑ (35/73)

5. ZÉeÉÑïU iÉÑuÉUÇ zÉÏiÉ qÉkÉÑU UxÉmÉÉMürÉÉå : |

ÎxlÉakÉ ÂÍcÉMüUÇ ¾è± ¤ÉiÉ¤ÉrÉWûU aÉÑÂ : || xÉÑ xÉÑ (36/34)

A¹ÉÇaÉ ¾èSrÉ :

........... ZÉeÉÑïU.......... mÉÂwÉMÇüqÉç : |

....................................................|| (119)

.......................... cÉç oÉëÑWûhÉÇ aÉÑÂ zÉÏiÉsÉqÉÇ || (120)

SÉWû ¤ÉiÉ¤ÉrÉWûUÇ U£üÌmÉ¨Éç mÉëxÉÉSlÉqÉÇ |

xuÉÉSÒmÉÉMüUxÉÇ ÎxlÉakÉ ÌuÉ¹èÇÎqpÉMüTüzÉÑ¢ü¢ÑüiÉ : || A WÒû xÉÑ (6/119-121)

kÉluÉliÉUÏ ÌlÉbÉhOÒû: (AÉqÉëÌSuÉaÉïç)

1. ZÉeÉÑïËUiÉÑZÉUxMülSÉ MüwÉÉrÉÉ qÉSÒUÉAaÉëeÉÉ : |

SÒ:mÉëkÉwÉÉï SÒUÉUÉåWûÉ ÌlÉ:¤ÉëåhÉÏ xuÉÉSÒqÉxiÉMüÉ : || (46)

¤ÉiÉ¤ÉrÉÉmÉWûqÉÇ ¾û±Ç zÉÏiÉsÉ iÉmÉÉïhÉÇ aÉÑÂ : |

UxÉå mÉÉMåü cÉç qÉkÉÑUÇ ZÉeÉÑïU U£üÌmÉ¨ÉÎeÉiÉ : || (47)

2. SÏmrÉÉ cÉç ÌmÉhQûZÉeÉÑïUÏ xiÉsÉÌmÉhQûÉ qÉkÉÑx§ÉÉuÉÉ : |

TüsÉmÉÑwmÉÉ xuÉSÒÌmÉhQûÉ WûrÉpÉ¤ÉÉ UxÉÉÍpÉkÉÉ : || (48)

qÉSlÉmÉÉsÉ ÌlÉbÉhOÒû: (TüsÉÉÌSuÉaÉï)

ZÉeÉÑïËUMüÉ TüsÉ ÍzÉiÉÇ xuÉSÒ ÎxlÉakÉ ¤ÉiÉÉÎx§ÉÎeÉiÉç : |

oÉsrÉ WûÎliÉ qÉÂÎimÉ¨qÉSqÉÑNûÉïqÉSÉirÉÉlÉç || (6)


ZÉeÉÑïËU iÉÑuÉUÇ ÍzÉiÉÇ qÉkÉÑUÇ UxÉmÉÉMürÉÉå : |

ÎxlÉakÉ ÂÍcÉMüU ¾Òû± ¤ÉiÉ¤ÉrÉWûUÇ aÉÑÂ : |


47

iÉmÉïhÉç U£ÇüÌmÉ¨ÉblÉ mÉÑÌ¹ÌuÉwOèqpÉzÉÑ¢üSqÉç : |

MüÉå¹qÉÉÂiÉ¾Òû± oÉsrÉ SÉWûuÉÉiÉMüTüÉmÉWûqÉ : |

euÉUÉÌoÉbÉÉiÉ¤ÉÑiÉ×wlÉÉMüÉxÉµÉÉxÉÉÍ³ÉrÉcNûÌiÉ : || (294-296)

pÉÉuÉmÉëMüÉzÉ ÌlÉbÉhOÒû: (AÉqÉëÉÌSTüsÉuÉaÉï)

ZÉeÉÑïËU Ì§É§ÉrÉÇ zÉÏiÉÇ qÉkÉÑUÇ UxÉmÉÉMürÉÉå : |

ÎxlÉakÉÇ ÂÍcÉMüUÇ ¾Òû± ¤ÉiÉ¤ÉrÉWûUÇ aÉÑÂ : |

iÉmÉïhÉ U£üÌmÉ¨ÉblÉ mÉÑÌ¹ÌuÉwOèqpÉzÉÑ¢üSqÉç : |

MüÉå¹qÉÉÂiÉ¾Òû± oÉsrÉ SÉWûuÉÉiÉMüTüÉmÉWûqÉ : |

euÉUÉÌiÉxÉÉU¤ÉëÑi§ÉÑwhÉÉMüÉxÉµÉÉxÉÌlÉuÉÉUMüqÉçÇ : |

qÉSqÉÑNûÉïqÉÂÎimÉ¨ÉqÉ±ÉåSpÉÔiÉaÉSÉliÉ¢ÔüiÉç : || (117-120)

UÉeÉ ÌlÉbÉhOÒû: (AÉqÉëÉÌS uÉaÉï)

ZÉeÉÑïËU iÉÑ MüwÉÉrÉÉ cÉç mÉYuÉÉ aÉÉãsrÉÉ MüwÉÉrÉMüÉ : |

ÌmÉ¨ÉÎblÉ MüTüSÉ cÉãuÉ ¢ÑüÍqÉ¢ÑüiÉ uÉëÑ¤rÉÉcÉç oÉëÑWûÌlÉ : | (56)

qÉÉSuÉ SìurÉ aÉÑhÉ

ZÉeÉÑïËU aÉÉåxiÉlÉÉpÉÉ rÉÉ ÌmÉëÌMüÌiÉïiÉkÉÉaÉiÉÉ : |

eÉÉrÉiÉå mÉÎcµÉqÉå SåzÉå NûÉåWûÉUÉ rÉÉ mÉUÌ²mÉÉ :|| (41)

ÌmÉërÉÌlÉbÉhOÒû

ZÉeÉÑïU aÉÉåxiÉlÉÌlÉpÉTüsÉÇ xuÉhÉïuÉhÉï ÌuÉmÉÉMåü : |

qÉkrÉÉrÉÉqÉÇ pÉuÉÌiÉÌlÉZÉÏsÉå pÉÉUiÉå zÉÑwMüSåzÉå : || (75)


48

MODERN DRUG REVIEW

CLASSIFICATION


Kingdom Plantae

Super division Spermatophyta.

Division Angiospermia.

Class Monocotyledons.

Order Calycineae.

Family Palmeae.

Genus Phoenix.

Species Sylvestris.

VERNACULAR NAMES

The drug is universally know and accepted by its scientific name. But

still the knowledge of the names in both local and the regional languages is very

important to procure the drug from the regions of its availability.

English: - Dates / Dry dates

Hindi: - Chahura, Chohara.

Kannada: - Karrinchula, Khajura.

Marathi: - Khajura, Kharaka, Kharika(dried)

Gujarati: - Kharek, Kharika.

Punjabi: - Khajura.

Bengali: - Sohara.

Malayalam: - Intappazham, Inthappana.

Tamil: - Pericham, Karchuram, Perichechanti.

Telugu: - Kharjursm.

Urdu: - Khurma.

Assam -Tamar.

Arabic: - Basal.

French: -Ionone

German: -Siebel

Italian: -Cupolas


49

MORPHOLOGY

Family: Palme

There are about 200 genera. species 1500 in this family

Distribution: Tolerably common throught India, wild or more cultivated in Africa,

Egypt, Syria, and other countries, commercially planted in Sindha and

Punjab.

Habits: Shrubs or tree solitary or gregarious naked or prickly.

Stem: Erect, scandent or decumbent, rarely branched above.

Leaves: Alternate, usually crowded at the apex of the stem, plicate in bud,

pinnaticect, or palmate, rarely entire or 2 pinatisect.

Petiole: Sheathing.

Flowers: Small, hermaphrodite, or 1 sexual, usually 3 bracteolate in branched

spikes or panicles enclosed in one or more large sheathing, spathes.

Perianth: Inferior, 2 – seriate, segments in each series 3, usually all free, imbricate

or valvate.

Stamens: Usually 6 inserted in 2 series opposite perianth segments, sometimes 3

opposite the outer series of segments occasionally many at the base of

the perianth.

Anthers: Versitile, 2 celled dehiscence latral or etrose.

Ovary: 1-3 celled or of 3 one celled carpels , ovules in each carpel 1-2,

anatropous, adnate to the wall, base or top of the cell; stigma 3 usually

sesally

Fruits: 1-3 celled druped or hard berry or of 1-3 carpels; pericarp smooth or

rough ; or clothed with downward imbricating, shining scales.

Seeds: Erect or laterally attached, rarely pendulous; raphe usually branching

all over the testa.

Albumen: Horny or bony uniform or ruminate.

Embryo: Small in cavity near the surface of the albumen


50

Genus: Phoenix Linn;

Habit: Tall tree or low shrubs, the entire stem of the upper portion only

closely covered by the more or less rhomboid bases of the petioles.

Stems: Occasionally branched the first leaf of seedling & sometimes the first

leaf of root suckers is lanciolate, entire.

Leaves: pinnate, Leaflets entire, liner, folded longitudinally and attached

obliquely.

Petiole: folded, common woody base. Lowest pinnae usually transformed in to

spines, no midrib but a slender nerve on either side of the fold; nerve

longitudinal, parallal, stout, & slender.

Leaflets: in the lower portion of the petiole stand in fascicles. Upper leaflet are

usually alternate or apposite.

Flowers : Dioecies, small, yellowish, coriaceoes, sessile on the bends of long,

glabrous, undulating spikelets, usually supported by 1 or 2 minute,

subulate or triangular bracts, the female flowers are often

approximately in pairs,. The spikelets are inserted in horizontal or

oblique lines on both side of a flat, woody peduncle. Male flowers;

sepals 3, connected in a capsular 3 – toothed calyx. Petals 3, obliquely

ovate, stamens 6; filament short, subulate; anthers erect, dorsifixed,

pistilode minute or absents. Female flowers; sepals 3, connate in a

globose, accrescent calyax.

Fruit : A single oblong, 1 seeded berry with a terminal sigma, a fleshy

pericarp and membranous endocarp seed oblong, ventrally grooved,

albumen uniform or subruminate, embryo small.


51

Species: Sylvestris. Roxb.Hort Beng.

Habit: A very graceful palm when not injured by extracting toddy, 9-15m

high. Trunk through from persistent base of the leaf stalk. Crown

hemispherical, very larg and thick.

Leaves: 3- 4.5m long, grayish green quit glabrous, pinnate; petioles compressed

only towards the apex, at the base bearing a few channeled triangular

short spine reaching 10cms

Flowers: 6-8mm long very numerous angular oblique calyx – cup shaped with

short 3 rounded teeth. Petals 3 or 4 times longer, than the sepals.

Concave warty on the out side, on the inside deeply ridged &

furrowed. Filament scarcely any, or very shortly than the petals. They

manly two types male & female.

Male flower: White, scanted, spadix 60-90cm long, erect peduncle highly

compressed spathes at about the same length, very coriaceous, almost

woody, scurfy separating in to two boat shaped valves.

Female flower: Spadix and spathe much the same as in the male. Spikes arranged in

the distinct groups, 30 -40cms long. Lower 10 -15cms not bearing any

flower. Flowers distant roundish.

Fruit : Scattered on long, pendulous, similarly coloured spikes 2.5 -3.2cm

long, oblong ellipsoide, orange, yellow with a terminal stigma,

surrounded at the base by perianth, pericarp fleshy, yellow moderate,

very astringent, lined by irregular cellular white tissue , part of which

adheres to the thin envelope that separate with the seed.

Seed : 17mm long rounded at the ends, deeply grooved along its whole length

on one side, with a slight incomplete furrow on the outer side in the

center of which is a depression with mammillate fundus indicating the

position of the embryo. Albumen on a transverse section horse shoe

shaped


52

PHARMACOGNOSY

Table.21 Characters of Phonex sylvestris Linn fruit.

CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS

Fleshy fruit contain Protein- 1.2%. Fat- 0.4%, Carbohydrates 33.8%, Fibers –

3.7%, Minaral matter – 1.7%, Calcium- 0.022%.

Dry fruit contains sugars, edible matter- 86%, Protein- 2.5%, Fat- 0.4%,

Carbohydrate- 75.8%, Fibre- 3.9, Minaral matter- 2.1, Iron- 7.3mg, Carotine- 44,

Thiamine- 0.011, Riboflavin- 0.023, Calcium- 0.12, Ascorbic acid- 2mg.

Characters Phonex sylvestris Linn. Fruit

Macroscopic

Shape Oblong berry.

Size 2.5 – 7.5cm long

Colour Reddish brown,

Character Wrinkled, hard and sweet in taste.

Microscopic

Pericarp Wide, single layered epidermis,

Epidermis Covered with striated cuticle, below epidermis 3 to 5 thin

wall cells followed by a layer of stone cells.

Idioblasts and oil Below the stone cells with narrow lumen 28 -30 m in

diameter, scattered.

Powder Reddish brown shows group of thin walled, parenchyma,

stone cell, oil globules & tannin ferrous idioblasts.


53

CULTIVATION

Date palm is very exacting in its climatic requirements. It requires a long

summer with high day as well as night temperature, mild winter without frosts, a low

relative humidity and very little rain, not much exceeding 12.5cm during the

flowering and fruiting. If once established, it can with sand summer temperature as

high as 50~C. the mean temperature between the period of flowering and ripening of

fruit should be between 25~C & 30~C. depending upon variety.

Date palm can thrive on sandy, loams and & clay soils, but well drained – sandy loam

of good depth & water holding capacity considered best. Through it requires plenty

water in soil, comparatively it needs less water than other fruit crop. Is an important

tree in desert, where it occurs in the oasis. Date palm can do well in soils containing

more alkali or salts than many other plants will tolerate; best growth & fruit quality,

however can not be obtained under conditions or high soil salinity.

Date palm can be propagated by seeds or by off shoots. When grown from

seeds, only about half of the trees turn out to be females and they bear fruit of variable

quality. Moreover, it takes 4-10 years to determine the sexes of the trees and out to

have outstanding qualities, it may be propagated by its off shouts, some new varieties

or clones have originated in this way.

For commercial purposes, however date palm is always propagated by

offshoots from desired selected varieties such trees bear fruit of the same quality as

the mother tree. The offshoot arises from auxiliary buds near the base of the trunk,

chiefly during early life of the palm. Normally 4-5 yrs after planting, at least two

offshoots can be removed from each tree annually for 10 -15 yrs, offshoots are

detached carefully by cutting as close to trunk as possible, rooted offshoots are

generally preferred in order to reduce mortality. Offshoots are pruned immediately or

4-5 days prior to their removal; only the young leaves and the bases of the old ones

are retained. They are removed and planted either in Feb-April in August- September.


54

Photos;

Photo No 5, Phonex sylvestris tree (pam tree)

Photo No 6. Fuits of Phonex sylvestris (Kharjura)

DISEASE REVIEW

55 - 55 - - 55 -

ANAEMIA

‘Anemia’ ward was introduced in 17th

AD. In 1829, it was defined clearly with

specific definition.

Definition:

Anaemia is derived from Greek word (a, not; haima, blood) which

means without blood, but this is a misnomer because without blood, life is not

possible, here anaemia actually means reduction in the concentration of hemoglobin

in blood.

Anaemia is defined as hemoglobin concentration in blood below the

lower limit of normal range for the age and sex of the individual. In adult, the lower

extreme of the normal hemoglobin is taken as13.0 gm/dl for males and 11.5 gm/dl for

females. Newborn infants have higher hemoglobin level and there fore 15gm/dl is

taken as the lower limit at birth.

Anaemia resulting from the deficiency of iron is known as iron deficiency

Anaemia.

Etiology of Iron Deficiency Anaemia (IDA)

IDA has been classified based on etiology

Classification:

Increased blood loss:

1. Uterine – e.g. excessive menstruation in reproductive age, repeated

Miscarriages, at onset of menarche, post menopausal uterine bleeding.

2. Gastrointestinal – e.g. peptic ulcer, hemorrhoids, hookworm infestation,

Cancer of stomach and large intestine, chronic aspirin ingestion

3. Renal tract- e.g. haematuria, hemoglobinuria. T.B, Kidney, Uretric calculus etc.

4. Nose – e.g. repeated epistaxis.

5. Lungs – e.g. haemoptysis due to Bronchieactasis, C.A. Lungs, etc.

Inadequacy due to increased requirements:

1. Spurts of growth in infancy, childhood and adolescence,

2. Prematurity

3. Pregnancy and lactation.

Inadequate dietary intake:

1. Poor health education.

2. Anorexia e.g. pregnancy.

3. Elderly individuals due to poor dentition, apathy and financial constraints.

DISEASE REVIEW

56 - 56 - - 56 -

Decreased absorption:

1. Partial or total gastrectomy

2. Achlorhydria

3. Intestinal malabsorption diseases.

Clinical Features:

Table 22 Showing clinical features of Anaemia-

General Cardiovascular Respiratory G.I.system Neurological Reproductive

Weakness Palpitation, Breathlessness.

Anorexia Dizziness Amenorrhea

fatigue anginal pain Dyspnoea acidity, tingling menorrhagia

lassitude Sinus

tachycardia

Weez. heart burn numbness abortion

Oedema collapsing

pulse

Cripitus. palpable

spleen

insomnia etc

pallor dancing carotids etc Palpable

liver.

Dimness of

vision

dry skin haemic murmur etc forgetfulness

White

sclera

congestive

cardiac failure

lack of

concentration

Symptoms:

In symptomatic cases of anaemia the presenting complaints are

tiredness, easy fatigue, generalized muscular weakness, lethargy and headache. In

older patients there may be symptoms of cardiac failure, angina pectoris, intermittent

claudication, confusion and visual disturbances.

Pallor – It is the most common and characteristic sign which may be seen in the

mucus membrane, conjunctiva and skin.

Dyspnoea on exertion is common symptom, which occur with exertion or with

emotion.

Tiredness- Due to deficient oxygen carrying capacity, cell are deprived from vital

oxygen producing hypoxia of the brain and other cells.

Giddiness- Deficient oxygen to the brain cells produces giddiness

Diagnosis of Iron Deficiency Anaemia

By definition, a patient has anaemia whenever hemoglobin level in the number

of circulatory R.B.Cs is significantly reduced. From laboratory stand point, the

DISEASE REVIEW

57 - 57 - - 57 -

diagnosis of presence and severity of anaemia is easy. From a clinical perspective,

diagnosis of anaemia is more complex.

Diagnosis of Iron Deficiency anaemia ultimately rests on laboratory studies.

Laboratory findings of Iron deficiency Anaemia are shown in Table

Table no 23 Showing Normal values of HB%

WHO's Hemoglobin thresholds used to define anemia

(1 g/dL = 0.6206 mmol/L)

Age or gender Hb threshold

(g/dl)

Hb threshold

(mmol/l)

Children (0.5–5yrs) 11.0 6.8

Children (5–12 yrs) 11.5 7.1

Children (12–15 yr) 12.0 7.4

Women, pregnant 11.0 6.8

Men (>15yrs) 13.0 8.1

Table no 24 – Showing Grading of Anemia

Hb levels Grades

Between 10g/dl & cut off point for age Mild

Hb between 7g/dl to 10g/dl Moderate

Hb under 7g/dl Severe

Hb under 5g/dl Very severe

Table no 25 - Showing Clinical grading of Anemia.

Clinical observations Grades

Pallor restricting itself to only

conjunctiva and / or mucus membrane

Mild

Obvious skin pallor Moderate

Palmar creases too are affected Severe

DISEASE REVIEW

58 - 58 - - 58 -

Clinical diagnosis of IDA remains clear. But to understand the exact causes

hematological investigations are necessary to confirm the diagnosis. Investigations

include,

Hb% , RBC count and Hematocrit are decreased

Mean cell indices – MCV MCH and MCHC are also decreased

Peripheral smear examination shows microcytic hypochromic blood

picture.

Mild leukocytosis, thrombocytosis and reticulocytosis

Serum iron is reduced

Serum ferritin is also decreased

Total iron binding capacity is increased

Transferrin saturation is reduced

Bone marrow will be hypercellular with reduced iron stores

Investigations of the Anemic Subjects

Hemoglobin Estimation:

Hemoglobin is estimated in terms of its concentration i.e. amount of

Hemoglobin in grams per 100ml of whole blood.

I. Peripheral Blood Film Examination:

Peripheral blood film examination, for morphologic features after staining it

with the Romanowsky Dyes by Leishmann’s stain.

Following abnormalities in erythroid series are particularly looked for:

i. Variation in size (Anisocytosis): Anisocytosis. It may be due to

1) Macrocytes - are found in Megaloblastic Anaemia, Aplastic Anaemia etc.

2) Microcytes - are seen in Iron deficiency Anaemia, Thalassaemia etc.

DISEASE REVIEW

59 - 59 - - 59 -

ii. Variation in shape (Poikilocytosis): for eg. Megaloblastic anemia, Iron deficiency

anaemia etc.

iii. Inadequate hemoglobin formation (Hypochromasia): Normally, the intensity of

pink staining of hemoglobin in a Romanowsky stained blood smear gradually

decreases from the periphery to the centre of the cell. Increased centre pallor is

Hypochromasia. It may be due to

a) Lowered hemoglobin content eg. Iron deficiency Anaemia.

b) Thinness of the red cells eg. Thalassaemia.

iv. Compensatory Erythropoiesis: A number of changes are associated with

compensatory increase in erythropoietic activity. These are

a) Polychromasia: Red cells having more than one type of colour. Reticulocytosis.

b) Normoblastaemia: Presence of nucleated red cells. eg haemolytic newborn disease.

v. Miscellaneous changes: Other abnormal red cells may also be seen.

Treatment of Iron Deficiency Anaemia:

It consists of 2 principles:

1) Correction of the disorder causing Anaemia

2) Correction of Iron deficiency

Correction of the disorder:

After a thorough check-up and investigations, evaluation is done and

accordingly surgical or medical measures are taken.

Correction of Iron deficiency:

a) Oral therapy:

Iron deficiency responds very effectively to Oral Iron salts like ferrous

sulphate in the dosage of 60mg, thrice daily.

b) Parenteral therapy:

This is indicated in intolerance to oral Iron therapy, GIT disorders like oral

mal-absorption or when rapid replacement of Iron store is desired like in women

before the expected date of delivery.

DISEASE REVIEW

63

- 63 - - 63 -

DISEASE REVIEW

Vyutpatti and Paribhasha:

The word ‘Pandu’ is formed from the root dhatu “padi gatou” means

“Gati” i.e. parinama.

The disease Pandu is named after the Varna, mixture of peeta and shweta varna.

mÉÉhQÒûiuÉãlÉÉãmÉsÉÍ¤ÉiÉÉã UÉãaÉÉÈ mÉÉhQÒû UÉãaÉ: |

Pandu varna is the combination of shewta and peeta in equal proportion

In Shabdakalpadruma Pandu Varna is considered as the combination of

Shweta and peeta.

Raja Nighantu mentions that Pandu Varna is combination of shukla and peeta

varna.

By observing the above references, it may be considered that Pandu Varna is

the combination of Shweta and Peeta Varnas. The degree of colouration varies

according to the severity of the disease.

Paryaya: Acharyas while describing Pandu vyadhi have come forward with various

paryayas which are mainly based on the colour.

They include

Pandu

Kamala

Panaki

Kumbhava

Lagharaka

Alasakshya

Haridra

Though Kamala, Kumbha kamala has been mentioned as paryaya even then

separate nidana, lakshana and chikitsa is mentioned. Dalhana clarifies that Sushrutha

has considered it as synonyms only based on Kamala being one of the avastha

vishesha of Pandu

DISEASE REVIEW

64

- 64 - - 64 -

Nidana

The term Nidana refers to Vyadhi bhodhaka and Vyadhi Utpadaka and in this

context it is the factors responsible for the manifestation of Pandu. After a proper

analysis the etiological factors of Pandu roga, stated by different authors the Nidana

can be best explained under the following headings.

Sl.no. Aharaja nidana Viharaja nidana Manasika karana Nidanaarthakara roga

1. Amla, Maithuna Kama. Rakta gulma

2. Lavana, Vegadharana Krodha Pleehodara

3. Kashaya Rasa. Rutu vaishamya Chinta Asrugdhara

4. Ruksha, Ushna,

Tikshna Guna.

Divaswapna Bhaya Arshas poorva roopa

5. Ushna Dravya. Vyayama Shoka Raktasrava

6. Vidagdha anna RaktaPitta

7. Masha atisevana Raktaarbuda

8. Madya. Rakta vahee dhamani

vedha

9. Pureeshaja krimi etc.

POORVAROOPA

Before the actual onset of disease, one experience some sort of symptoms and

exhibit signs which provide clues about the forth coming disease. Such symptoms are

called prodromal symptoms or poorvaroopa. Pathological process of every disease

starts before the clinical manifestations of a disease. Due to the on going pathological

process certain features will develop, though a complete clinical picture is not

manifested. Symptoms such as Twak sphutana, Gatra sada, Mrit bhakshana, Avipaka,

Roukshya, Swedabhava, Shrama, Aruchi, Hrudaya spandana adhikya, Shareera

pandutha, Alpagni, Peeta Vinmootra.

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SAMPRAPTI

Samanya Samprapti:

Samprapti can be clearly understood by studying the following aspects of

Samprapti : 1) Samprapti ghataka

2) Samprapti bheda

Samprapti ghataka:

1) Dosha: Pitta Pradhana Tridosha

2) Dhatu: Rasa dhatu, Rakta dhatu, Mamsa dhatu, Meda dhatu, Ojas, Twacha

3) Agni: Jataragni

4) Ama: Jataragnimandya

5) Srotas: Rasavaha and Raktavaha.

6) Udhbhava sthana : Amashaya

7) Sanchara sthana: Dasha dhamanis.

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8) Asharya sthana: Twaka and Mamsa

9) Vyakta sthana : Twak, Netra, Nakha

Bheda of Pandu:

5 types of Pandu ( Acc to Charaka and Vagbhata)

4 types of Pandu ( Acc to Sushrutha)

6 types of Pandu (Acc to Other Authors)

Table 27 Showing types of Pandu acc to different Authors

S.No Types C.S S.S A.H A.S M.N B.P. Y.R. Sh. S K.S. H.S.

1 Vataja + + + + + + + + + +

2 Pittaja + + + + + + + + + +

3 Kaphaja + + + + + + + + + +

4 Sannipataja + + + + + + + + + +

5 Mrudbhakshana + + + + + + + + +

6 Rukshana - - - - - - - - - +

Vataja Pandu: Etiological factors which mainly increase Vata along with Pittadi

doshas leads to the production of Panduroga with Vata anubandha producing

Vataja Pandu.

Pittaja Pandu: Etiological factors which mainly increase Pitta along with other

Doshas, leads to the production of Pittaja Pandu.

Kaphaja Pandu: Etiological factors which mainly increase Kapha along with

Pittadi doshas leads to production of Panduroga with Kapha anubandha, thus

producing Kaphaja Pandu.

Tridoshaja Pandu: An etiological factor, which increases all the three

Doshas simultaneously, leads to the production of Tridoshaja Pandu.

Mritbhakshanajanya Pandu: One habituated to consumption of Mrit is

likely to suffer from aggravation of the dosha depending upon the nature of

mrit. If the Mrit is of Kashaya rasa, then it aggravates Vayu. If it is Ushara

then Pitta gets aggravated, if it is Madhura then Kapha. Due to its Ruksha

DISEASE REVIEW

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guna, the Mrit causes Rukshata in the Rasa and the ingredients of food, and

then the undigested Mrit produces Avarodha of Srotas and causes hani to

Indriya bala , Teja, Virya, Oja, Varna and Agninasha, thus producing

Panduroga.

ROOPA

Roopa implies to those signs and symptoms, exhibited during the manifestation

of the disease. This stage occurs when Dosha dooshya Sammurchana has

completed and the disease has manifested with full of its symptoms.

Roopa may manifest with all symptoms highlighted in classics or with only a few

symptoms depending upon the progression or regression of the disease. Some may

newly appear and some may disappear.

Samanya Lakshana:

1) Panduta: Pandu is expressed as the Pratyatma lakshana of Panduroga. Pandu is

named on the basis of discolouration of body parts. This is due to Rasa pradosha.

2) Alpa Raktata: Includes both qualitative and quantitative decrease. Quantitatively

Rakta is 8 Anjalis in body. Prakruta Rakta is produced by Pachaka pitta, which

helps in proper production of Rakta poshaka sara part from Rasadhatu. Ranjaka

pitta effectively converts this to Rakta. Alpa raktata causes Shareera vaivarnya,

Twacha rukshata.

3) Dourbalya: Reduction in the normal strength (Bala), and the prakruta Bala is

measured by Vyayama shakthi. In Pandu it is reduced due to Dhatukshaya.

4) Karshya: Reduction of various Dhatus in body leads to affliction of Samhanana

leading to emaciation of Spik, Udara, Greeva and prominence of Dhamani jala.

5) Karna Kshweda: Due to debility in the sense organs, aggravated Vata produces

this symptom and is one of the Vataja nanatmaja vyadhi.

6) Gatra peeda: Various type of pain is felt in different parts of the body due to

Vata vriddhi, which in turn is due to Dhatu kshaya.

7) Shoonakshi koota shotha and shtivana: They are the continuation sign from

Poorvaroopa stage. Kapha vriddhi producess Srotorodha and further becomes

responsible for Shoonakshi koota shotha

8) Sheerna lomata: Asthi dhatu kshaya.

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9) Hridrava: Vyana vayu , Sadhaka pitta and Avalambaka kapha are residents of

Hridaya and along with Rakthavaha srotas are responsible for increased gati of

Hridaya.

10) Shwasa:(Arohana): Due to Dhatu kshaya and Dourbalya exertional dyspnoea is

produced. Even debility in the hridaya or pranavayu prakopa can also develop

Shwasa.

11) Bhrama:Vata-pitta-rajogunadhikya leading to various Dhatu kshaya like Majja

and Rakta will produce Bhrama.

12) Annadwesha: Charaka mentioned both Annadwesha and Aruchi in Samanya

lakshana. Sushruta mentions this in Upadrava stage and is caused due to Kapha

vriddhi and Agnimandya.

13) Gourava: Heavyness of body indicates Kapha and Amavriddhi , and one of

Kaphaja nanatmaja vikara.

14) Jwara: Indicates Pitta prakopa.

15) Harita Varna: Indicates Pitta vriddhi.

16) Hata prabhatwa: Pitta prakopa, Oja kshaya cause Prabha hani.

17) Shwasa: In Samanya lakshana also, Shwasa is mentioned. There, it refers to

Arohana Ayasa (exertional dyspnoea) i.e Kshudra Shwasa. But in Upadrava stage,

it is severe state of Kshudra Shwasa or any other severe variety of Shwasa.

Vishista Lakshana:

Vataja Pandu: Vata vriddhi produces various Vataja lakshanas of Panduroga

like Krishna Panduta , Arunangata of body parts and various types of Shoola.

Pittaja Pandu: Pitta vriddhi produces various Pittaja presentations like

Peetabhata, Haritabhata, Jwara.

Kaphaja Pandu: Kapha vriddhi produces various Kaphaja manifestations

like Shuklavarnata, Gourava and Shwayathu.

Tridoshaja Pandu: Tridosha prakopa causes presentation of all the

Tridoshaja lakshanas.

Mridbhakshanaja Pandu: Mridbhakshana causes Agnimandya, Roukshyata

of body, Shotha, Dhatu dourbalya, Indriya-Teja-Bala-Oja-Virya kshaya and

Krimi etc.

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Madhavakara has considered Mridbhakshana as vyadhi hetu. Sushruta has

considered this under Tridoshaja Pandu as Mridbhakshana produces Tridosha

prakopa.

Vishista Lakshana’s:

The signs and symptoms specified to virulence of dosha are an important part

of early diagnosis and rationale of treatment.

Table 28 Showing Vishista Lakshana’s of Pandu.

Sr.no. Vataja Pandu Pittaja

Pandu

Kaphaja Pandu Tridoshaja

Pandu

Mritbhakshana

Janya Pandu

1. KrishnaPandutwa Peetabha Gourava Jwara Indriya bala

hani

2. Ruksha angata Haritabha Tandra Arochaka Teja hani

3. Arunangata Jwara Chardhi Hrullasa Bala hani

4. Angamarda Daha Shewatavabhasata Vamana Ojo hani

5. Ruja Trushna Praseka Trushna Varna nasha

6. Aruna sira Moorcha

pipasartha

Lomaharsha Bhrama Agni nasha

7. Toda Peeta mootra Sada Tandra Shoona ganda

8. Kampa Peeta shakrut Moorcha Alasya Shoona akshi

koota

9. Parshwa shoola Swedana Bhrama Shotha Shoona bhru

10. Shirashoola Sheeta

kamitva

Klama Kasa Shoona pada

11. Varcha shosha Naannam

abhinandathi

Shwasa Shosha Shoona nabhi

12. Asya vairasya Katukasya Kasa Vitbandha Shoona mehana

13. Shopha Anupashaya Alasya Parushata Krumi koshta

14. Anaha Ushna Aruchi Klama Atisara

15. Bala kshaya Amla Vatagraha Moha Mala with

raktha

16. Krishna akshi Amla udgara Swasa graha Pandu

17. Krishna Sira Avanaddha Vidahata Shukla motra Tandra

18. Krishna Varnatwa Vidagdhata Shukla akshi Aruchi

19. Krishna mala Dourgandhya Shukla varcha Alasya

20. Krisha mootra Bhinna

varcha

Katu kamatwam Kasa

21. Krisha nakha Dourbalya Ruksha

kamatwam

Swasa

22. Krishna anana Tama Ushna kamatwam Shoola

23. Aruna sira Peetakshi Shwayatu Sada

24. Aruna nakha Peeta Sira

Avanaddha

Madhurasyatwa Mala with krimi

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UPADRAVA

The manifestation of another disease having the same origin of the

previous one and occuring in later part of the previous disease is Upadrava. In

classics, Aupasargika rogas are also called Upadrava of the disease. The Upadrava

can be mild or severe.

Though the Upadrava is nullified by treating the main vyadhi, separate

treatment is required if it is Pradhana. Acharya Sushruta has documented Upadravas

of Pandu Sometimes the Samanya lakshanas may get transformed into Upadrava with

increase in their severity. Aruchi, Pipasa, Jwara, Agnisada, Shopha, Murccha,

Shwasa, Avipaka, Kasa, Sada also occur as the Samanya lakshanas of Pandu. Their

differentiation can only be done by considering the severity at manifestation and the

time of onset.

SADHYA – ASADHYATA

The lakshanas indicating the incurability of Panduroga are as follows:

1) Chirotpanna- Disease Pandu of longer duration.

2) Rukshata (Khaributa)- patient presenting with excessive dryness of the body.

3) When the patient is afflicted with Shotha due to the Kalaprakarsha of the disease.

4) When the Vit pravrutti is Alpa or Baddha.

5) When the patient views everything as yellow.

6) Atisara of Harita varna and Sakapha mala pravrutti is present.

7) Deenata.

8) When afflicted with Chardi, Murccha, Trushna.

9) Pandu, Shwetavabhasa, due to Ati asruk kshaya.

10) Shotha in Anta (extremities) and emaciation of the trunk.

11) Shotha in trunk and wasting of Anta (extremities).

12) Shotha in Guda pradesha, Shepha and Mushka.

13) Tama pravesha.

14) Sangnyahani.

15) Jwara and Atisara.

16) Panduta of Danta-nakha-netra and Pandudarshi.

17) Mlanata, Indriya dourbalya, Tridoshaja Pandu rogi.

18) Complications of Pandu are difficult to treat and cannot be treated.

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ARISTA LAKSHANA

The signs and symptoms indicating the occurrence of death in the near future are

referred to as arista lakshanas. There is no death with out the evolution of the arista

lakshana. The Arista lakshana of the disease Pandu are,

Pandu varnaadhikyata.

Ati krisha.

Ati trishna.

Kupitha ucchwasa.

Chikitsa

Samanya pandu roga chikitsa includes,

Snehana

Vamana

Virechana

Shamana aushadhi sevana according to dosha involvement

Pathya palana

Mrutbhakshana janya pandu chikitsa

Acharya Charaka explains the treatment of this variety of pandu as, in order to

remove the ingested mud possessing specific rasa, teekshna shodhana should be given

by assessing the bala of the patient with suitable drugs. After shodhana, agni and bala

vardhaka aushadha sidha ghrutha should be given.

Shamana aushadhi

Many herbal and mineral origin drugs are mentioned in the treatment of pandu

among which pathya choorna along with madhu and ghruta stands as the most

commonly mentioned yoga.

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A few of the important yogas are listed below.

Table 29 List of shamana yogas in pandu

Sl.no Yoga

1) Navayasa choorna

2) Mandoora vataka

3) Punarnava mandooram

4) Dhatryavaleha

5) Dhatryarishta

6) Datri loha

7) Gaudorishta

8) Lohasava

9) Punarnavasava

10) Aystiladi modaka

11) Dadimadi ghruta

12) Phalatrikadi kwatha

13) Nisha loha

14) Draksha Grutha

15) Vyoshadya Ghrutha

Pathyapathya

Pathyapathya; - It comprises a list of various food articles and other regimens

which are to be followed by a person suffering from pandu to get rid from the

disease.

The pathyaapathya of Pandu roga are as follows.

Pathya:-

A. Ahara:

1. Shuka dhanya varga - Purana Shali , Purana Yava , Godhuma

2. Shami dhanya varga - Mudga

3. Mamsa varga - Jangala Mamsa, Matsya.

4. Shaka varga - Patola, Kushmanda, Jeevanti, Bimbi, Punarnava,

Nagakesara, Guduchi, Dronapushpi.

5. Phala varga - Badara phala , Abhaya ,Dhatri.

6. Ikshu varga - Ikshu Rasa

7. Gorasa varga - Takra , Ghrita , Navaneeta.

8. Mootra varga - Gomutra

9. Madya varga - Souviraka, Tushodaka.

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10. Kritanna Varga - Yusha.

11.Anya dravya - Haridra, Chandana, Yavakshara, Loha bhasma.

B. Karma: Vamana., Virechana, Abhyanga.

Apathya: It lists the food and othe factors which are to be avoided by the Pandu rogi

so as to have a control over the disease.

A. Ahara:

1. Rasa - Kshara, Amla, Katu, Lavana.

2.Anna - Viruddha bhojana, Asatmya bhojana.

3. Jala - Adhikambupana, Dushita jalapana.

4.Kritanna varga - Pinyaka.

5. Shamidhanya varga - Masha, Tila, Kulatha, Nishpava.

6. Sneha varga - Tila taila.

7. Gorasa varga - Dadhi masthu.

8. Madya varga - Saktu.

9. Ahara varga - Hingu, Tambula, Teekshnapadartha

like Maricha, Vidahi padartha,

Atyushna padartha.

10. Anya dravya - Mruttika.

B. Vihara:

Agni, Atapa atisevana,

Adhika vyayama.

Adhika vyavaya.

Krodha.

Adhika marga gamana.

C. Karma:

1) Rakta Sruti.

2) Dhoomapana.

3) Swedana.

4) Vamana vega dharana.

MATERIALS & METHODS

74

Section – 3

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Aims and Objectives:

Pharmacognostic and Preliminary phytochemical study of Madhura Triphala.

Evaluation of the Madhura Triphala for its Rakta Vardhaka property with respect

to iron deficiency anaemia.

Study design:

Pharmacognostic study of Madhura Triphala is carried out on the basis of

Organoleptic characters.

Preliminary phytochemical study is carried out on the basis of chemical tests

conducted for alkaloids, carbohydrates, proteins, steroids, saponins, tannins and

Thin Layer Chromatography for qualitative analysis.

Rakta Vardhaka property of Madhura Triphala is evaluated on patients suffering

from mild to moderate iron deficiency anaemia.

3.1. Plant material.

The Fruits of the Draksha and Kharajura were collected from market and

Ghambhari Fruits were collected from J.G. C. H. S A. M C herbal Garden.

The Ghambhari Fruits were pounded well in Khalwa Yantra and sieved through

number 100 sieve and Kalka was prepared from Draksha and Karjura followed by

mixing of Churn and Kalka, Stir well to form homogenous mixture and used for

the study.

3.2. Pharmacognostical study:

Macroscopic characters of Madhura Triphala, for the colour, odour, taste and

shape are studied.

MATERIALS & METHODS

75

3.3 Physical constants

Ash Values

Total ash

About 2 g of crude drug powder was accurately weighed in a tared silica dish

previously ignited and weighed. Incinerated gradually by increasing the heat, not

exceeding dull red heat, until free from carbon, cooled and weighed. The percentage

of ash was calculated with reference to the air-dried drug.

B) Acid-insoluble ash

The ash was boiled for 10 minutes with 25 ml of dilute hydrochloric acid, and

the insoluble matter was collected in a gooch crucible. It was washed with hot water,

ignited, and weighed. The percentage of acid-insoluble ash was calculated with

reference to the air-dried drug.

C) Water-soluble ash

The total ash was boiled for 5 minutes with 25 ml of water. The insoluble

matter was collected in a gooch crucible. It was washed with hot water, ignited, and

weighed. The percentage of water-soluble ash was calculated with reference to the

air-dried drug.

MATERIALS & METHODS

76

3.3 Chemical tests for detection of organic chemical constituents:

Table 30: Showing Preliminary Phytochemical Screening

Sl. No Tests Criteria

I. Test for alkaloids

Dragendorff’s Test Orange brown

precipitate

Wagner’s test Reddish brown

precipitate

Hager’s Test Yellow precipitate

Mayer’s Test Cream precipitate

II. Test for Carbohydrates and Glycosides

Molish’s test Purple to violet colour

ring

Fehlings solution Test Brick red precipitate

III. Test for Phytosterols and Triterpenoids

Liebermann’s Buchard’s Test Deep red colour

Salkowski reaction Red colour

IV. Tests for Proteins and Aminoacids

Millon’s Test White precipitate turns

red on heating

Ninhydrin solution Test Violet colour

VI. Test for Saponin

Foam test 1 cm foam layer

VII. Tests for Phenolic compounds and Tannins

Ferric chloride solution Blue green colour

MATERIALS & METHODS

77

CLINICAL STUDY

Materials

Selection of patients

The patients of either sex suffering from Iron Deficiency Anaemia were

randomly selected from O.P.D. and I.P.D. of Shri J.G.Co-op. Ayurveda Medical

College, Hospital by considering inclusion and exclusion Criteria.

Methods of collection of data

Diagnostic criteria

Patients suffering from Mild to Moderate Anaemia were selected for clinical

study based upon following criteria.

Inclusion criteria

Mild to moderate Anaemia.

Patients of either sex will be taken for study.

Patients of 16 – 60 years of age.

Exclusion criteria

Patients with severe anemia

Patients suffering from systemic and dreadful diseases

Patients with congenital disorder related with Haemopeutic system.

Patients suffering with any infectious diseases like malaria.

Patients with Worm infestation.

Plan of study

Medicine – Modakas of Madhura Triphala.

Dosage - 20gm / day (4 modakas) in two divided dose after food.

Duration - 4 weeks.

20 numbers of cases will be selected for the study of either sex.

MATERIALS & METHODS

78

Assessment

Assessment will be done based on the Hb% and blood peripheral

smear observed before and after the treatment.

The patients will be assessed during the treatment once in ten days

for 1 month.

The results are compiled and subjected to Paired‘t’ test to ascertain

statistical significance.

Criteria for the assessment of symptoms:

The improvements of patients were assessed on the basis of relief in the signs

and symptoms of diseases and improvement in the Hb gms %. To analyze the

efficacy of the drug, statistically marks were given to each symptom. According to

severity of the symptoms the grading were given as below;

Score of specific symptoms:

Alaparaktata (Pandutva of Netra, Nakha):

Absent 0

Present 1

Alpamedaska is compared with Exertional Dyspnoea:

Absent 0

Felt at 20-30 steps 1

Felt at 10-20 steps 2

Felt within 10 steps 3

Nissara (Generalized weakness):

Absent 0

Not affecting daily activities 1

Affecting daily activities 2

Felt continuous throughout the day 3

Shithilandriya (tiredness):

Absent 0

Felt during work 1

Felt at rest 2

Felt throughout the day 3

MATERIALS & METHODS

79

Gatrapida:

Absent 0

Not affecting normal routines 1

Affecting normal routines 2

Activity reduced 3

Aruchi:

Absent 0

Observed for 3-4 days/week/associated few days in a week 1

Observed for a week/associated for many days in a week 2

Observed for weeks together/associated more than week 3

Nidranasha:

Absent 0

Felt sometimes but not often 1

Seen often for shorter duration 2

Seen continuous 3

The improvement is documented through statistical significance. The

subjective and objective parameters are assessed by means of interrogation

ascertaining the signs and symptoms before and after the treatment and laboratory

investigation of Hb.

Statistical Analysis:

For assessing the improvement of symptomatic relief and to analyze

statistically the observations were recorded before and after the treatment. The mean,

percentage, S.D, S.E, and t-value (paired t-test) were calculated and analysed.

Criteria for assessment of overall effect of therapy:

i) Complete relief:

100% relief in the complaints of patients along with Hb% above 10 gm%.

ii) Marked improvement:

More than 75% relief in the complaints as well as Hb% increased up to

10 gm%.

iii) Moderate improvement:

More than 50% relief in the complaints along Hb% increased up to

9 gm%.

MATERIALS & METHODS

80

iv) Improvement:

25% to 50% relief in the complaints and light improvement in the Hb%.

v) Unchanged:

Less than 25% relief in the complaints and Hb% unchanged

vi) Worsened;

Haemoglobin estimation-

Sahlis method- This is based on conversion of hemoglobin to acid haematin,

which has a brown colour. N/10 HCl is added to Haemoglobin tube till 20 mark. Then

20 µl of blood drawn from haemoglobin pipette is added and wait for 5-45min.

During this time mixture of acid-blood in the tube is stirred often. Distilled water is

added drop by drop until match is obtained with the brown glass standard

(comparator) provided. Read the lower level of the fluid meniscus on gm % 100ml of

blood.

Blood film examination-

A thin blood film is made by spreading a drop of blood evenly across a clean

grease free slide, using a smooth edge spreader.

For anaemic blood a rapid smearing is needed where as for thick concentrated

blood smearing should be done slowly. A well spread smear shows no lines extending

across or downwards through the film and smear should be tongue shaped.

Leishman’s stain is used for staining. And blood film is studied under the microscope

under strict supervision by pathologist.

OBSERVATION

81

Section - 4

OBSERVATIONS AND RESULTS

4.1. PRELIMINARY PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING

Table No. 31 Showing results of qualitative chemical tests conducted.

Sl.No Tests Results of

Kharjura.

Results of

Draksha.

Results of

Gambhari.


Dragendorff’s Test Positive Positive Positive

Wagner’s test Positive Positive Positive

Hager’s test Positive Positive Positive

II. Test for Carbohydrates

Molish’s test Positive Positive Positive

Fehlings solution A & B Positive Positive Positive

III. Test for Phytosterols

Liebermann’s Buchard’s Test Negative Negative Negative

IV. Tests for Proteins & Aminoacids

Millon’s Test Positive Positive Negative

Ninhydrin solutions Negative Negative Negative

V. Test for Steroids

Salkowski reaction Negative Negative Negative

VI. Test for Saponin glycosides

Foam test Negative Negative Negative

VII. Tests for Phenolic compounds

and Tannins

Ferric chloride solution Negative Positive Positive

OBSERVATION

82

Table No. 32. Showing results of qualitative chemical tests conducted of

Madhura Triphala.

Table no 33. Showing Physico-Chemical Evaluation of Madhura Triphala.

Ash Value. Madhura Triphala.

Total Ash 10.5%

Acid insoluble 11.0%

Water soluble 4.5%

Sl.No Tests Results of Madhura

Triphala


Dragendorff’s Test Positive

Wagner’s test Positive

Hager’s test Positive

II. Test for Carbohydrates

Molish’s test Positive

Fehlings solution A & B Positive

III. Test for Phytosterols

Liebermann’s Buchard’s Test Negative

IV. Tests for Proteins & Aminoacids

Millon’s Test Positive

Ninhydrin solutions Negative

V. Test for Steroids

Salkowski reaction Negative

VI. Test for Saponin glycosides

Foam test Negative

VII. Tests for Phenolic compounds and

Tannins

Ferric chloride solution Negative

OBSERVATION

83

Photo No 7 Preparation of Ash

Photo no 8.Ash of Madhura Triphala.

OBSERVATION

84

Clinical Observation:

The observations made during the study are as follows:

Table No – 33/ Graph No 1

Showing status of patients registered under the study

Status of Patient: Total 24 patients were registered for the study out of which 4

patients discontinued the treatment.

Table No-34 / Graph No - 2

Showing age wise distribution

No of patient

Registered

Drop out

Total

24

04

20

Age No

Patient

%

15-30 10 50

31-45 05 25

46-60 05 25

No of patient

Reg Drop

Age Wise distribution

15-30 31-45 46-60

OBSERVATION

85

AGE: Maximum number of patients in this study i.e., 50 % belonged to age group

15-30. Remaining 25% each were from 31-45 years and 46-60 years age

group respectively.

Table No – 35/ Graph No 3

Showing occupation of Patients

OCCUPATION: 40% were student, 25% were agriculture, 20%were housewife and 15%

were other occupation.

Table No-36 / Graph No 4

Showing socio-economic status

Socioecononic status

poormiddle class

SOCIO-ECONOMIC STATUS: Socio-economic status of 60% patients to be poor and

40% belonging to the middle class. None are higher class.

Occupation No of

patients

%

Student

08 40

Agriculture 05 25

Housewife 04 20

Other 03 15

Socio-

economic

status

No of

Patients

%

Poor 12 60.00

Middle

class

08 40.00

Rich

00 00.00

Occupation of patient

studunt agri housewife other

OBSERVATION

86

Table - 37/ Graph No 5

Showing sex wise distribution

Sex wise distribution

Mainly in this study 60% female and 40% male patients were observed.

Table No – 38 / Graph No 6

Showing diet of patients

DIET: 70% patients had vegetarian diet while 30% patients were mixed diet.

Sex No of

patients %

Male 8 40.00

Female 12 60.00

Diet No of

patients %

Vegetarian 14 70.00

Mixed 06 30.00

male

female

veg

mixed

Diet of patient

OBSERVATION

87

Table 39/ GraphNo. 7: Showing the incidence of symptoms seen in

patients selected for the study

Symptoms Incidence Percentage

Alparaktata 11 55 %

Alpamedaska 09 45%

Nissara 09 45%

Shithilendriya 17 85%

Gatrapida 20 100%

Aruchi 19 95%

Nidranasha 16 80%

Incidence of symptoms

0

5

10

15

20

25

Alpara

ktata

Alpamed

aska

Nissar

a

Shithil

endr

iya

Gatrap

ida

Aruchi

Nidran

asha

Symptoms

Num

ber

of p

atie

nts

Incidence

OBSERVATION

88

RESULTS

The results obtained from the study conducted are presented as follows

Subjective criteria: Cardinal Symptoms:

Alaparaktata :

The mean score of Alparaktata was 1.600 before treatment and it reduced to

0.850 after the treatment which is statistically significant (P <0.010)

Table no 40 and Graph no 8 Presenting change in Alaparaktata.

Mean Paired ‘t’ Test

BT(±SD) AT(±SD)

Difference in Means

S.D. S.E.M ‘t’ P

0.55

(0.510)

0.25

(0.444)

0.300 0.470 0.105 2.854 0.010

0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

BT AT

Alaparakta

Alpamedaska :

The mean score of Alpamedaska was 0.85 before treatment and it reduced to

0.45 after the treatment which is statistically significant (P <0.088)

Table no 41 and Graph no 9 presenting change in Alpamedaska.


BT(±SD) AT(±SD)

Difference

in Means S.D. S.E.M ‘t’ P

0.85

(1.137)

0.45

(0.759)

0.400 0.995 0.222 1.798 0.088

OBSERVATION

89

00.10.20.30.40.50.60.70.80.9

BT AT

Alpamedaska

Nissara :

The mean score of Nissara was 0.85 before treatment and it reduced to 0.55after

the treatment which is statistically significant (P <0.010)

Table no 42 and Graph no 10 presenting change in Nisaar


BT(±SD) AT(±SD)

Difference


0.85

(1.137)

0.55

(0.826)

0.300 0.470 0.105 2.854 0.010

00.10.20.30.40.50.60.70.80.9

BT AT

nisaar

OBSERVATION

90

Shitilandriya :

The mean score of Shitilandriya was 1.25 before treatment and it reduced to

0.70 after the treatment which is extremely statistically significant (P <0.000)

Table no 43 and Graph no 11 Presenting change in Shitilandrya.


BT(±SD) AT(±SD)

Difference in

Means S.D. S.E.M ‘t’ P

1.25

(0.910)

0.70

(0.733)

0.550

0.510 0.114 4.819 0.000

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

1.4

BT AT

Shitilandrya

Gatrapida :

The mean score of Gatrapida was 1.55 before treatment and it reduced to 0.80

after the treatment which is extremely statistically significant (P <0.000)

Table no 44 and Graph no 12 Presenting change in Gatrapida.


BT(±SD) AT(±SD)

Difference in


1.55

(0.759)

0.80

(0.696)

0.750 0.550 0.123 6.097 0.000

OBSERVATION

91

00.20.40.60.8

11.21.41.6

BT AT

Gatrapida

Aruchi :

The mean score of Aruchi was 1.95 before treatment and it reduced to 1.05


Table no 45 and Graph no 13 Presenting change in Aruchi.


BT(±SD) AT(±SD)

Difference


1.95

(0.826)

1.05

(0.686)

0.900 0.447 0.100 9.000 0.000

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

BT AT

Aruchi

OBSERVATION

92

Nidranasha :

The mean score of Nidranasha was 1.60 before treatment and it reduced to 0.75


Table no 46 and Graph no 14 Presenting change in Nidranasha.


BT(±SD) AT(±SD)

Difference


1.60

(1.095)

0.75

(0639)

0.850 0.671 0.150 5.667 0.000

Summary of mean difference of subjective parameters:

Table no.47 Showing mean difference of subjective parameters

Sl.No. Subjective Symptoms Before Treatment After Treatment

1. Alparaktata 0.55 0.25

2. Alpamedaska 0.85 0.45

3. Nissara 0.85 0.55

4. Shithilendriya 1.25 0.70

5. Gatrapida 1.55 0.80

6. Aruchi. 1.95 1.05

7. Nidranasha 1.60 0.75

00.20.40.60.8

11.21.41.6

BT AT

Nidranasha

OBSERVATION

93

Graph No.15 Showing mean difference of subjective parameters

Mean Differance of Subjective Parameters

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

Alpara

ktata

Alpamed

aska

Nissar

a

Shithil

endr

iya

Gatrap

ida

Aruchi.

Nidran

asha

Subjective Parameters

Mea

n D

iffe

ranc

e

BTAT

Objective criteria:

Haemoglobin %:

The mean score of Hemoglobin % was 8.72 before treatment and it improved

to 9.180 after the treatment which is extremely statistically significant (P <0.001)

Table no 48 and Graph no 16 Presenting change in Haemoglobin %


BT(±SD) AT(±SD)

Difference in


8.72

(0.185)

9.180

(0.8624)

0.4650

0.2033

0.0455 10.282 0.001

8.48.58.68.78.88.9

99.19.2

B T AT

H ae moglobin

DISCUSSION

94

DISCUSSION

Pandu roga is caused due to Nidanas such as Mithya Ahara-Vihara

(table no.26) that result ultimately the Kuposhana. Alaparaktata and Alapamedska,

Nissara, Shithilendriya are the Pratyatma lakshanas. The other associated symptoms

due to dosha-dushya sammurchana are like Agnimandya, Alasya, Angamarda,

Anaha, Trishna, Tandra, Gatrashoola and signs like Panduta, Rukshata, Shotha, etc

which correlates with the symptoms of nutritional deficiency anemia especially the

Iron deficiency anemia.

The prevalence of this disease is very high in the developing countries

like India, Pakistan and Sri Lanka due to the poverty, malnutrition, recurrent

pregnancy and poor antenatal care. In both these comparable disease conditions the

prime factor affected is Rakta which is essential for a variety of vital physiological

activities like nutrition transport, waste removal, oxygen carrying, thermoregulation

etc. That’s our ancient acharyas have mentioned its prime function as Jeevana.

Discussion on Phytochemical analysis:

Preliminary phyto chemical analysis of all three drugs showed that (Table No.

31) the drug gives positive result for qualitative analysis for alkaloids,

carbohydrates (reducing and not reducing) and glycosides, proteins. The drug

Draksha has shown presence of alkaloids, carbohydrates and glycosides, proteins

and phenolic compounds and tannins. Similarly the drug Gambhari fruit showed the

presence of alkaloids, carbohydrates and glycosides. These findings are similar with

the chemical constituents mentioned in API. On the same way these qualitative tests

were also conducted for the combination Madhura triphala that shows the presence

of alkaloids, carbohydrates, proteins. Thus it can be said that the madhura triphala is

prakruti sama samavaya combination chemically also.

Physico- Chemical evaluation (Table no 33) carried out shows Total Ash

value 10.5%, Acid insoluble 11.0%, Water soluble 4.5%.

TLC was also tried for all the constituents of Madhura Triphala. Incidentally

extract of any drug was not used for the study hence we could not get different

bands on TLC plates as they contain complex principles in them. The same

happened for the Madhura triphala.

DISCUSSION

95

Discussion on plan of study:

Single blind clinical study has been carried out on 20 patients selected

from the OPD and IPD of Shri J G C H S Ayurvedic Medical College Hospital

Ghataprabha.

Discussion on observations during study:

Incidence studies of the entire registered patient are as follows –

Age incidence: (Table No.34) Maximum numbers of patients in the study

were in between the age 15 to 45 (75%) years and 46 to 60 (25%) years. This

may be because of early years of menstruation, pregnancy, lactation and

excessive physical strain, pre menopausal stage (where there is irregular and

excessive menstruation) respectively.

Sex incidence: (Table no 37) Maximum patients were females nearly about

60%; menstruating females require double the quantity of dietary iron

supplement than the non-menstruating. This may be the probable cause for

maximum prevalence among the females.

Occupational incidence: (Table no 35) Patients were House wives about 20%

followed by 40% students, 25% agricultures and rest of other professionals

etc.

Socio-economical incidence: (Table no 36) It was observed that the poor

class and lower middle class shared more percentage i.e. 95%. Lack of proper

hygienic food and nutritive value may be the prime factor in causation of the

disease.

Marital incidence: About Marital status, 50% were married and 50% were

unmarried. Married female patients were suffering from Pandu roga,

probably due to recurrent pregnancy and lactation. 50% of unmarried were

also sufferers may be due to malnutrition and worm infestation.

Dietary incidence: (Table no 38) Detail questioning was done during the

clinical study and observed that patients suffered from Pandu roga were

vegetarians (70% were vegetarians and 30% were mixed diet). Their food

mainly comprised of less calorie vegetables and patients had the habit of

taking Amla, Katu Pradhana rasas. Most patients had habit of taking fried food

items and were from the lower class those consume less hygienic, staled and

less nutritious diet which could probably be a significant cause.

DISCUSSION

96

Symptomatological incidence (Table No. 39)

“xÉÉåÿsmÉU£üÉåÿsmÉqÉåSxMüÉå ÌlÉ:xÉÉU: ÍzÉÍjÉsÉåÎlSìrÉ:| uÉæuÉhrÉïÇ pÉeÉiÉå”- || cÉ ÍcÉ (16/6)

Majority of the cases had the samanya lakshana of Pandu mentioned in

Charaka samhita.

1. Alparaktata (Panduta) – Pallor was seen in 55% of patients subjected for the

study and was seen in the nails, eye and skin.

2. Alpamadaska- Mainly Balahani, one of the main symptoms, usually felt by

patient even after a mild exertion, or by walking a small distance

(Arohanayasa). It was found in 45 % of cases.

3. Nissara – the mainly reduction of Snehansh and Oja in the body. i.e. dryness

(Rukshata), Krushata, Ashtavidhasara kshaya. This is also seen in 45 % of

cases.

4. Shithilendriya – It was presented as weakness in the normal functions of

Indriyas. E.g. Patients complaining inability to hear sound; feeling exhaustion

with less speak also; irritability indicating loss of enthusiasm with respect to

ones Manas; thus it were interrupting their daily routines. It was seen most of

the cases i.e. 85 %. This may be the initial change due to malnutrition so seen

in many cases.

5. Gatrapida- Generalized body ache is seen all patients (100 %).

6. Aruchi- Loss of appetite is seen in 95 % of cases.

7. Nidranasha – Loss of sleep is seen in 80 % of cases. This might be as a result

of Vatavruddhi due to lack of nutrition to Dhatus.

Effect of treatment:

The medicine Madhura Triphala was planned for 30 days on patients attended

O.PD and I.P.D of Shri.J.G.C.H’S Ayurvedic Medical College Hospital, Ghataprabha,

and its treatment effect was assessed both clinically as well as on laboratory

parameters. Initially, as it seen evident that helminthiasis is the leading cause of iron

deficiency anemia a single dose of antiheliminthic drug Albendazole 400 mg was

given to the patients before starting the treatment.

The Drug never presented with any sort of adverse effect during the study period. The

relief obtained in 20 patients in subjective and objective symptoms is listed below-

DISCUSSION

97

Hb gm %: The objective symptom i.e. Hb% also showed a significant

change with value of p <0.001 which is at extremely statistically

significant level.

Peripheral smear: in these not significant changes have been noted in

mild to moderate anemia. Very few cases have minute changes in

peripheral smear that is negligible after treatment also

The subjective symptoms are also analyzed by statistically they are as below:

Alaparaktata- clinically it correlates with the paleness of Nakha, Netra, and

Twacha. The mean score of Alparaktata was 1.600 before treatment and it

reduced to 0.850 after the treatment which is statistically significant (P

<0.010). It is statistically significant at p < 0. 010 level.

Alpamedska- Clinically it correlates with the exertional dyspnoea. Mean

score before treatment was 0.85 and after treatment is will 0.45 which is

statistically significant p< 0.088 level.

Nissara- Clinically it correlates with Genaralised weakness. The mean score

of Nissara was 0.85 before treatment and it reduced to 0.55after the treatment

which is statistically significant (P <0.010), which is also statistically

significant at p< 0.010 level.

Shitilandriya- The mean score of Shitilandriya before treatment it was 1.25

and after treatment it is 0.70 so it statistically extremely significant at the

level of p < 0.00

Gatrpida- The mean score of Gatrapida was 1.55 before treatment and it

reduced to 0.80 after the treatment which is extremely statistically significant

(P <0.000).

Aruchi- The detail questioning asked to the patient and proper history taken

regarding the Aruchi. The mean score before treatment it was 1.95 and after

treatment it is 1.05 so it also statistically extremely significant at p <0.00 level.

Nidranasha- it also one of the symptom observed during study, the mean

score before treatment it was 1.60 and after treatment it will 0.75, it also

statistically extremely significant at p < 0.00 level.

Thus the study conducted on 20 patients of iron deficiency anaemia is

statistically significant. Hence the Madhura triphala is effective in improving the

DISCUSSION

98

Hb % after one month of treatment and also effective in relieving the symptoms of

the same. Thus has got significant Bruhmana property.

Probable mode of action of Madhuratriphala :

Madhuratriphala is the combination of equal parts of fruits of Draksha,

Kharjura, and Gambhari. Raj nighantukar is the first to mention these three fruits

together under the heading of Madhura triphala. These thee drugs are having Madhura

rasa, Madhura vipaka, and Sheeta virya. Hence it is the ‘Prakruti Sam Samavya’

(mÉëM×üiÉÏ xÉqÉ xÉqÉuÉÉrÉ) combination and has the effects of Madhura Rasa such as Balya,

Barumhana, Rasayana, Medhya, Kshayahara, Ksramahara, Raktaprasadana, etc.

Kalka of Draksha (Manuka), Kharjura and Ghambhari fruit each 10 gm weight were

mixed together and modakas of 5 gms each were prepared. Ghruta was used during

preparation of Kalka and Modaka just to ease the process.

Draksha (Manuka)- It having Snigdha, Guru and Mrudhu Guna, Madhura Rasa and

Vipaka, Shita virya; due to these properties it acts as a Jivaniya, Bruhana, Balya,

Raktaprasadana, Medhya, Snehana, Vatapittashamaka and Raktapittshamaka,

Rasayana. So it is mainly indicated in Pitta pradhana vyadhis such as in Pandu,

Madatya, Kamala, Udavarta, Trushana, Shukra-dourbalya,etc.

Rakta and Pitta having the Ashrayashrayi relation with each other got

mutually vitiated in Panda. Draksha, by virtue of its Madhura rasa, Sheeta veerya and

the Madhura vipaka acts as Pitta shamaka, Rakta prasadana, Rakta-Pittahara and also

Rasayana means it increases the quality of dhatus especially Rasa-Rakta and hence

helps in curing the Pandu Roga. Apart from that – fruit contains sugar, gum, tartaric

acid, citric acid, racimic and malic acid, magnesium, iron, some albumin. Raisin

contains calcium, magnesium, potassium, phosphorus and iron in an assimilable form;

besides gum and sugar. Thus are recommended in certain forms of anaemia and

wasting disease.

Ghambhari (fruit) - It is having Madhura Rasa, Madhura Vipaka and Sheeta Virya.

It is having Deepana, Anuloman, Raktapiitashamak, Balya, Rasayana, Tridoshahara

properties. So its use is effectively seen in condition of Pandu, Kshaya, Vatarakta,

Arsha, Sheetapitta, Raktakshaya, Hridroga, Bhrama. Etc.

Its chemical composition are Gmelofuran-a, furanosesquiterpenoid,

ssquiterpene, cerylalcohol, hentriacontanol-1, b-sitosterol, n- octacosanol, gmelinol,

apiosylskimmin-a, apiofuranodyl (1.0.7)- umbelliferone (root); cluytyl ferulate, n-

DISCUSSION

99

octacosanol, gmelanone, arborial, 2-0- methyal arboreol, 2-0- ethyal arboreol,

isoarboreol, 4- hydroxysesamin, 1,4- dihydroxysesamin (gummsdiol), 2- piperonyl-3-

(hydroxymethyl)-4 (~hydroxy-3-,4methylenedioxybenzyl) -4-hydroxy

tetrahydroxyfluron (I) 4-epigummadiol-4-glucoside, 1,4-dihydroxy -2, 6-

dipiperonyl-3, 7-dioxybicyclo [3,3,0] –octane, gmelanone, palmitic, oleic and linoleic

acids, stigmastirol, stigmastinol, campesterol, ~-2-stostirol, butulinol(hertwood)

luteilin, apigenin, quercetin, hentriacontanol, b-sitosterol, quercetogenin and other

flavons (leaf). Thus the drug Gambhari having the more amino acids is there more

nutritive value so it will be used for the anaemia.

Kharjura – It also is having the Madhura, Kashaya Rasa, Snigdha, Guru Gunas,

Shita Virya and Madhura Vipaka properties. It is Bruhana, Balya, Vrusya,

Vatapittahara, Rasayana, Hrudya, Tarpana, due to this it will be used in Raktapitta,

Kshaya, Shrama, Agnimandya, Aruchi, etc. apart from these Kharjura is also well-

known for its nutritious properties as it contains highly protein 1.2%, fat 0.4%,

Carbohydrates 33.8%, Fibers 3.7%, mineral matter 1.7%, calcium 0.22%, thiamine

0.11%, riboflavin 0.023%. So these all factors are helpful to treat the anaemia.

Thus this Prakrutisamasamavaya- Madhura triphala that contains equal parts

of fruits of Draksha, Gambhari and Kharjura has the same properties of all the drugs

in it. Its properties after this study can be inferred as Madhura Rasa, Madhura Vipaka

and Shita Virya. and also Vata hara, Pitthara, Bruhmana, Balya, Vedanasthapana,

Angamardaprashamana, Raktadhatu prasadaka etc. Thus the disease iron deficiency

anaemia (Pandu) where in Rakta dhatu kshaya and Pitta dushti is seen, Madhura

triphala by virtue of its above said properties acts as Vyadhiviparita for the disease.

And also its nutritious properties that are confirmed by the presence of Carbohydrates

and glycosides, Proteins and aminoacids by the qualitative analysis of the study, in

this sense also it can be taken as well nutritive supplement in nutritional deficiency

and specially iron deficiency anaemia.

CONCLUSION

100

CONCLUSION

After thorough analysis of the classical text and modern science information,

and some of its understanding in clinical study, the probable outcome was that the

majority of the symptoms of Panduroga have similarity with the features of Iron

deficiency anaemia, and iron deficiency anaemia is one such disorder existing world wide

with varied percentage.

Females are mostly affected by Panduroga than males.

Martial status, religion, Social status bear no relation in causation of Panduroga.

Contributory factors are mainly related with Pitta and Rakta vitiation

The study reveals dominancy of Pitta Dosha, Rakta Dhatu Dusti, Rasavaha and

Rakthavaha Srotodushti in the pathogenesis of Panduroga.

Sedentary life style, and fault dietary habits are main contributing factors in the

establishment of the disease. Tendency towards sedentary life style and faulty

dietary habits, leads to vitiation of Pitta and Rakta leading to Panduroga.

Panduroga is a disease characterized by Pandutva, Alaprakta, Alapamedaska,

Nissara, Shitilandrya, Dourbalya and Rukshtva of the body.

The results obtained during the study conclude that the Madhuratriphala has good

results in relief of the symptoms like Pandutva, Daurbalya, Shitilandriya, Nissara,

and Aruchi.

It was effective in increasing the Hemoglobin percentage although in slower rate.

The mean difference in Hb% was 0.4650 with P < 0.001 which is statistically

significant.

The present study was carried on small sample for a partial period and it showed

results. However further study is necessary including large sample to draw valid

conclusions and for the same, this study provides a base and hope.

Summary

101

Summary

The study on dissertation entitled “A Clinical Evaluation of Madhura-

Triphala in the Management of Iron deficiency Anaemia” has found clinical

efficacy of Madhura-Triphala on the patients of Pandu. This study comprises of

different topics and is discussed under various headings.

Introduction: It also enlists general information and nomenclature of disease

Anaemia, its historical importance, first use of the word and importance of the

study on iron deficiency anemia.

Objectives: The main aim and objectives of the study has been mentioned.

Review of literature: This section comprises of extensive collection of data wise,

about Etymology, Definition, Classification, Nidana, Poorvaroopa, Roopa,

Samprapti, Sadhya-asadhyata, Upadrava, and Chikitsa along with Pathya-apathya

of the disease. The explaination of Anaemia in terms of modern science has been

dealt in short.

Methodology:

Clinical study – A single blind clinical study with inclusion and exclusion

criteria, criteria for assessment of signs and symptoms, dose, and duration of the

study have been highlighted.

Observational study – A complete sketch on the division of the patients

according to age, sex, economical status, diet, habits, marital status, educational

status has been explained.

Results: The data obtained from the study are analyzed for result and un paired

T test conducted shows significant work. In the present study no patient

complained about any adverse effects of the medicine through out the course.

Discussion: Under this title, concise explaination of the entire study is presented.

And also results obtained from this study have been discussed. The probable mode

of action of the Madhura Triphala in the management of Pandu roga is described.

Conclusion: In this section the conclusion of the above study is done by

highlighting the outcome of the study along with its own limitations. Future scope

for the study has been highlighted.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

102

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inc 10th

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published by Jaypee brothers 4th

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DEPT OF P. G STUDIES IN DRAVYAGUNA

J.G.C.H.S’s AYURVEDIC MEDICAL COLLEGE AND RESEARCH CENTRE.

GHATAPRABHA.

CASE PROFORMA

“A CLINICAL EVALUATION OF MADHURA-TRIPHALA IN THE

MANAGEMNET OF IRON DEFICIENCY ANAEMIA”

Name:

Age : OPD no: Case no:

Occupation: Date:

Address: Religion:

Chief Complaints and duration:

History of present illness:

History of past illness:

Family history:

Personal history:

A. Personal habits:

1. Appetite: 2. Bowel: R/IR Constipated/Loose stool

3. Diet: Vegetarian/Mixed 4. Micturation:

5. Sleep:

B. Occupational history

C. Treatment history

General examination:

a) Pulse: f) Gait:

b) Temp: g) Clubbing:

c) Respiratory rate: h) Pallor:

d) B.P.: i) Cyanosis:

e) Built

Systemic examination:

1) Cardiovascular system:

2) Respiratory system:

3) Central nervous system:

4) Gastro-intestinal tract:

Dasha vidha pariksha

Prakruti

Vikruti

Sara

Samhanan

Pramana

Satmya

Satwa

Aahar shakti

Vyayam shakti

Vaya

Investigations:

Hb %

Peripheral smear:

Diagnosis:

Treatment:

Follow Up

SYMPTOMS Days

REMARKS

0

10th

20th

30th

Hb%

Peripheral smear:

Result:

Good

Moderate

Mild

Sign of guide, Sign of co-guide Sign of scholar

CONSENT FORM

I S/D/W of aged

Address am under the treatment of Dr

. do hereby give the consent to treatment of disease upon myself.

The nature and the purpose of treatment have been explained to me by Dr.

I declare that I am more than 18 years of age.

I have been informed about untoward effects if any, involved in the treatment. No

assurance has been given to me regarding the success of the treatment. I have given this

consent voluntarily out of my free will without any pressure.

Place:

Date & time: Signature Patient

I here by declare that I have explained in detail regarding the case to the patient and

answered queries to his satisfaction in a language that he could understand.

Place:

Date & time: Signature of Doctor

Tirphal in pandu, dg

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