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TIPS ON HOW TO ANSWER
PAPER 1
ENGLISH LANGUAGE
014/1
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ARTICLES
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Articles
• A and an ~ means
one• ~ used with countable
nouns
• ~ used to talk about
just one member inthat group
• a ~ used for singular
nouns begin with a
consonant sound
• a lion a boat
• an ~ used for singular
nouns that begin witha vowel sound (a, e, i,
o, u)
• an owl an arrow
a, an, the
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Articles
• The ~ used to refer to only one such thing
• ~ used to talk about people and things that
have already been mentioned earlier • E.g.
I have a watch. The watch is veryexpensive.
the Chairman the sun
the biggest the Pan Pacific Hotel
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Exercise on Articles (a, an)
• _____ inch ____ example
• _____ train ____ igloo
• _____island ____ opening
• _____European ____eaglet
• _____ entrance ____ bridge
• _____ uncle ____ unit
• _____ butterfly ____ youth
• _____ ass ____onion
• _____ umbrella ____ coat
• _____ union ____ handle
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Exercise on Articles (a, an)
• ____ house ____ honour
• ____ honest boy ____ queen
• ____ expert ____ Eurasian
• ____ avenue ____ sandwich• ____ beauty ____ earthquake
• ____ aunt ____ expression
• ____ helmet ____ hotel• ____ exit ____ authority
• ____ case ____ pencil
• ____ flat ____ arch
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Put a or an• ______ old woman ______ straight line
• ______ wild animal ______ sunny day
• ______ unique story ______ interesting story
• ______ dirty drain ______ bottle of syrup
• ______ anxious man ______ innocent girl
• ______ pair of scissors ______ excellent result
• ______ expensive dress ______ enthusiastic person• ______ useful thing ______ untidy work
• ______ brave boy ______ honourable work
• ______ true story ______ stylish person
• ______ ample time ______ tamed dog
• ______ organised class ______ usual incident• ______ selfish man ______ important meeting
• ______ easy sum ______ expensive ring
• ______ unique person ______ useful instrument
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Singular & Plural Nouns
• Singular noun ~
shows one person,
place or thingE.g.
– A house
– A child
– A bee
• Plural noun ~ shows
more than one or
many people, placesor things
• E.g.
– Two houses
– Four children
– Three bees
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NOUNS
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Notes:
1. adding ‘s’
eraser – erasers vase - vases
house – houses tree - trees
day – days umbrella - umbrellas
key – keys photo – photos
2. adding ‘es’
box – boxes fox - foxes
torch – torches brush – brushes
glass – glasses
potato – potatoes tomato - tomatoes
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Notes:
3. Changing ‘y’ to ‘ies’ baby – babies ferry - ferries
lorry – lorries cherry - cherries
dairy – dairies story – stories
4. Changing ‘f’ or ‘fe’ to ‘ves’
calf – calves shelf - shelves
knife – knives wife - wives
leaf – leaves loaf – loaves
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Notes:
5. Changing the vowels for irregular nouns
tooth – teeth louse - lice
foot – feet mouse - mice
goose – geese woman – women
6. Irregular plurals
child – children ox – oxencactus – cacti
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Notes:
• Some singular and plural nouns have the
same form
• E.g.one sheep – many sheep
one deer – many deer
one fish – many fish
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PRONOUNS
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Personal Pronouns
Nouns Pronouns(as subject)
Pronouns(as object)
- I me
Maria She Her
Azhan He Him
- You You
The cat
(The chair)
It It
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Personal Pronouns
Nouns Pronouns
(as subject)
Pronouns
(as object)
Maria and
Azhan
They Them
The boys/ girls They Them
The trees/the cats
They Them
Maria and I We us
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Pronouns
Possessivesadjective
Possessivepronoun
Reflexivepronoun
My Mine MyselfHis His Himself
her Hers Herself
Its - itself
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Pronouns
Possessivesadjective
Possessivepronoun
Reflexivepronoun
Your Yours Yourselves
Our ours Ourselves
Their Theirs themselves
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Demonstrative Pronouns
Demonstrativepronoun
Number What it points to
This Singular A person or things that is
near us
These Plural Two or more people or
things that are near us
That Singular A person or thing that isfar away
Those Plural Two or more people or
things that are far away
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Prepositions
Preposition are used toshow position, direction,
time, etc.
Untuk menunjukkan
kedudukan, arah, masa danIain-lain.
Prepositions of place or
position, (tempat @
kedudukan)(in, on, at, under, above,
against, beside,
behind,between).
ExamplesHe put the mouse in a box.
Eddie is standing on the
table.
Someone is at the door.Bobby hid under the table.
He held the paper above his
head.
Lina leaned against thewall.
Joe sat beside Joo Lee.
He was trapped between
two pillars.
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Prepositions
Prepositions of Direction~(Arah)
(to, over, from, along,
across, around, up,
down.)
The driver turned to the left.Gino jumped over the fence.
They arrived from Pahang
yesterday.
I saw him walking along Jalan Lima.
The dog ran across the
road.
She became dizzy runningaround the tree.
They keep running up and
down the stairs.
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Prepositions
Prepositions of time ~(masa)
(in, on, at, for, during,
since, after, before).
Ben died in 1980.Jeff was ill on Monday.
The bus will leave at 8 p.m.
I stayed in Ipoh for two days.
Rina visited us during theholidays.
I have not seen Ravi sinceSunday.
They went home afterdinner.
She brushed her teeth
before going to bed.
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Preposition also used with
certain * verbs (perbuatan)
• agree to/with
• apply to/for • ask for/about
• complain about
• think about/of
• believe in
• borrow from• compare with/to
• hope for
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Preposition also used with
certain * adjectives (adjektif)
• angry with
• ashamed of • aware of
• interested in
• safe from
• sorry for • scared of
• tired of
• used to
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The Simple Present Tense
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CLUE
• Every day
• Every week
• Every month• Every year
• Every night
• Every evening
• Every morning
• Daily
• Weekly
• Monthly• Yearly
• Annually
• Fortnightly
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CLUE
Always
Usually
Often
Sometimes
NormallyNever
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A) Singular subject
He
She
It
My brother
Sarah
Alif’s sister The cat
The woman
Verb ~ s
plays
reads
walks
goes
doeshas
is
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B) Plural subject
I
You
WeThey
Janet and Jennifer
My friends
The children
The durians
Verb no ~ s
plan
studyarrange
hold
do
have
are
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D) In question~ verb in root word
e.g. Does she ______ to the school by
bicycle every day? A go
B goes
C wentD going
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E) Instruction/ order/ warning
~ usually in simple present tense
e.g. Switch on the fan.
Please keep quiet.
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Example 1
The ferry ____________Lumut jetty
every 40 minutes.
A . leftB . leave
C . leaves
D . leaving
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The prefects usually _________at the
school hall.
A . met B . meet
C . meets
D . meeting
Example 2
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Example 3
My classmates and I _________ in the park
every evening.
A . cycle B . cycles
C . cycled
D . cycling
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2. The Simple Past Tense
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Clue:
• Yesterday
• Just now
• Ago
• Last week
• Last month
• Last year
• Last Monday morning
• This morning
• A few days ago
• A few minutes ago
• A moment ago
• Two weeks ago
• Recently
• Those days
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Rules of Simple past tense
• Regular verbs – the verbs end in ‘d’ or ‘ed’.
• Example: talk – talked
jump – jumped• Irregular verbs – the verbs change form
• Example: go - went
buy - boughtcatch - caught
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Rules of Simple Past Tense
• Did is the past tense of do / does
• After the word ‘did’ the verb must
be in root word.
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Example 1
• Did you _____ a letter to the headmaster?
A. write
B. writesC. wrote
D. writing
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Example 2
• Did you ______ the window before you go
out?
A. closing
B. closed
C. closes
D. close
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Example 3
• He ______ answering the test question in
just 30 minutes.
A. finishing
B. finished
C. finishes
D. finish
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Example 4
• Amira _____ a letter from her pen pal
yesterday.
A. receive
B. receives
C. received
D. receiving
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Example 5
• After the rain, the sun ______ brightly in
the sky.
A shine
B shone
C shines
D to shine
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The Continuous Tense
A The Present Continuous Tense
B The Past Continuous Tense
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Clue:
• Verb + ing
• Examples:
swimmingreading
teaching
writing
enjoying
• Present Tense
am, is, are
now
at this moment
• Past Tense
was, were
while, when, as
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Singular subject
• I
Present
am
Past
was
Verb + ing
reading
drawing
walking
doing
buying
Si l bj t
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Singular subject
• He
• She
• It• Munir
• Sarah
• The girl• The boy
Present
is
Past
was
Verb+ing
reading
drawingwalking
sweeping
buyingsleeping
Plural subject
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Plural subject
• You
• We
• They
• The children
• The lions
Present
are
Past
were
Verb+ing
reading
drawingwalking
sweeping
sleeping
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Example 1
• I ________ in the pool now.
A. were swimming
B. was swimming
C. are swimming
D. am swimming
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Example 2
• En Roslan ______ in the class now.
A is teaching
B am teaching
C was teaching
D were teaching
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Example 3
• The boys ______ some coffee in the
kitchen.
A is drinking
B are drinking
C was drinking
D were drinking
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Example 4
• Shahril ______ his clothes when the light
went out.
A am ironing
B are ironing
C was ironing
D were ironing
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Example 5
• The teacher met his pupils as they
______ in the park.
A were jogging
B was jogging
C are jogging
D is jogging
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The Simple Future Tense
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Clue:
• tomorrow
• afterwards
• next week
• tonight
• later
• soon
• shall
• will
• going to
After will, shall,
going to – root words.
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Clue
• I
• We
• shall walk
• shall finish
• shall attend
• will go
• will buy• will choose
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Clue
• will go
• will do
• will swim
He
She
It
You
They
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Example 1
• We _____the bathroom tomorrow.
A clean
B cleaning
C shall clean
D shall cleaned
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Example 2
• The teacher _______ result next week.
A announce
B announced
C shall announce
D will announce
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Subject Verb Agreement
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Singular subject + singular verb
• He
• She
• It
• My brother
• Sarah
• The cat
is
has
does
sleeps
was
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Singular subject + singular verb
• He/ she/ it
• Farah/ Azmir/ the cow
• One boy
• A girl
• A man
• My uncle
• His aunt• The baby
– is
– was
– has/ had
– writes
– goes
– does/ did
– works – likes
Si l bj t i l b
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Singular subject + singular verb
• Everyone• Every boy
• Everybody
• Someone• Somebody
• Each + noun
• Every + noun
is
has
does
collects
was
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Singular subject + singular verb
• Each pupils• Each of the girls
• Each of the boys
• One of the girls
• Any of the boys
• Anyone who
• Anybody
• Some one who
• Nobody
• No one
• Not one of them
hasgoes
does
cycles
knows
lives
thinks
runs
plays
sings
reads
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Uncountable nouns take a singular verb
• hair, grass,
rice, powder,
juice, syrup,
flour, sugar oil, soup,
salt, pepper
money, water sand,
• Singular verb-to-be is
was
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Plural subject + plural verb
• You
• We
• They
• Lizzie and Chris• The women
• Many people
• Both of the girls
• Some of the pupils
• Most of the children
• My mother and I
• She and her friend
are
were
have do
knock
jump
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Either and neither take a singular verb
• Either of the girls
• Neither of the boys
• Either this man or that
man• Neither Maria nor
Azlina
• Neither you nor he
is
was
has
does
runs
sings
sleeps
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Example 1
• David ______ his seat with Kok Leong.
A changes
B changed
C changing
D is changing
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Example 2
• Each state in Malaysia _____ its own
culture.
A isB has
C does
D have
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Example 3
• One of these children _____ to leaveearly.
A has
B have
C having
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Adjectives
Clue:• ………. as brave as a lion.
• ………. happier than ………
• ………. faster than ………..
• …… more expensive than my house.
• The largest …………
• The strongest …………
• The most beautiful ………
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Adverbs 1
Verb AdverbRain Heavily
Sing Sweetly, loudly, softly,
Answer Correctly, politely, rudelyDance Gracefully, beautifully,
Sleep Soundly, lightly,
Shine BrightlySpeak Softly, politely, loudly,
boastfully
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Adverbs 2
Verb Adverb
Drive Carefully, carelessly, slowly,
recklessly, dangerously, cautiously
Fight Bravely
Arrive Safely
Shout Angrily, loudly, joyfully,
Explain clearly
Greet Politely, cheerfully,
Clap Loudly, excitedly, happily
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Adverbs 3
Verb Adverb
Eat Greedily, hungrily, slowly,
Listen Carefully, attentively, intently
Walk Slowly, clumsily, fast
Laugh Loudly, heartily, happily
Smile Sweetly, shyly,
Read Carefully, silently,
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Infinitive
• After the word to the
verb must be in
root word (kata dasar).
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Example 1
• Ahmad was so afraid that he
ran to ____ from the bully.
A hidden
B hiding
C hides
D hide
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Example 2
• The pupils forgot to ______ off the
fan when the went out from the
class.
A switch
B switches
D switching
M d l
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Modals
Will Would
Shall Should
Can Could
May Might
must Ought to
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Clue
After modals the verb must
be in rootword.
E l
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Example
• We _____ obey the school rules at alltime.
A might
B must
C may
D can
E l 2
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Example 2
• You should ____ enough sleep every
day.
A gets
B got
C get
C t bl
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Countable
many
severala few
some
a lot of
banyak
beberapasedikit
sebahagian
sangat banyak
apple, bag, pencil,
cup, tiger rose, ruler,
buffalo, day, letter,
shirt, hour, minute,
etc.
many, several, a few,
a lot of some.
Examples:
There are many boys
at the bus stop. Amir met a few
friends.
U t bl
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Uncountable
much
a little
a lot of
some
banyak
sedikit
sangat banyak
sebahagian
oil, water, perfume, air,sugar salt, smoke, coffee,
tea, rice grass, juice, etc.
much, a little, a lot of,
some.
Examples:
Don't put too much sugar
in my coffee.
Add a little salt to thesoup.
A lot of dust has
gathered on the desk
Q ti d
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Question words
What ~ (apa)
To ask about people,
animals, things
What is your name?
What did you do to my car?
When ~ (bila)
To as about time
When is the train arriving?
When did you go to Singapore?
Why ~ (kenapa)
To ask about reason
Why did the man shout at you?
Why is the baby crying?
Where ~ (dimana)
To ask about places.
Where is the museum? Where
do you live?
Q ti d
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Question words
How (bagaimana/berapa)To ask about people,
events and the way things
are done.
How old are you?How did the accident happen?
Whose ~ (siapa punya)To ask about belongings.
Whose bag is on the floor?Whose children are they?
Which (yang mana satu)
To ask about people,
animals, and things.
Which girl won the first prize?
Which dog chased you?
Who ~ (siapa)
To ask about people
Who is that lady?
Who did you talk to?
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