BAB 4 KOMPOSISI KIMIA DALAM SEL

4.1 KOMPOSISI KIMIA DALAM SEL

SPM 2005, SOALAN 4

1. The main components of a plant cell membrane are

Komponen utama membran sel tumbuhan ialah

A lipid and carbohydrate

lipid dan karbohidrat

B protein and carbohydrate

protein dan karbohidrat

C protein and lipid

protein dan lipid

D protein, lipid and carbohydrate

protein, lipid dan karbohidrat

4.2 KARBOHIDRAT

SPM 2008 SOALAN 8

2. Maklumat berikut

menunjukkan

molekul kanji

melalui proses X.

Apakah proses X?

A Fotosintesis B Pempolimeran

C Kondensasi D Hidrolisis

3 Diagram 8 shows the process of formation of a disaccharide molecule. What is process

X?

Rajah 8 menunjukkan proses pembentukan molekul disakarida. Apakah proses X?

A Dialysis B Condensation

Dialisis Kondensasi

C Hydrolysis D Assimilation

Hidrolisis Asimilasi

SPM 2011, SOALAN 10

4 Which of the following is a polysaccharide?

Antara yang berikut, yang manakah polisakarida?

A Cellulose B Fructose

Selulosa Fruktosa

C Sukrose D Glucose

Sukrosa Glukosa

4.3 PROTEIN

SPM 2009, SOALAN 10

5 Which of the following represents the hydolysis of protein?

Antara yang berikut, yang manakah mewakili hidrolisis protein?

A Polypeptides water + dipeptides

Polipeptida air + dipeptida

A Dipeptides water + polypeptides

Dipeptida air + polipeptida

C Dipeptides + water polypeptides

Dipeptida + air polipeptida

D Polypeptides + water dipeptides

Polipeptida + air dipeptida

6 Diagram 4 shows the structure of a protein molecule. Which is the level of organisation

of this protein?

Rajah 4 menunjukkan struktur molekul protein. Apakah aras organisasi protein ini?

A Primary B Secondary

Primer Sekunder

C Tertiary D Quaternary

Tertier Kuartener

4.4 LIPID

SPM 2007, SOALAN 6

7 Table 1 shows the elements found in the food classes X and Y.

Jadual 1 menunjukkan unsur-unsur yang terdapat dalam kelas makanan X dan Y.

Table 1

Jadual 1

Food class X

Kelas makanan X

Food class Y

Kelas makanan Y

A Carbohydrate/ karbohidrat Lipid

B Lipid Protein

C Protein Carbohydrate/ karbohidrat

D Protein Lipid

4.5 ENZIM

SPM 2005, SOALAN 3

8. The figure shows the breaking down of a complex molecule by an enzyme.

Which of the molecules A, B, C or D, represents the substrate?

Rajah menunjukkan proses penguraian molekul kompleks oleh enzim.

Antara molekul A, B, C dan D, yang manakah mewakili substrat?

9. The graph shows the optimum pH of an enzyme Y in its reaction.

Graf menunjukkan pH optimum satu enzim Y dalam tindak balasnya.

Enzyme Y is

Enzim Y ialah

A salivary amylase B pepsin

amilase liur pepsin

C trypsin D rennin

tripsin renin

10 Diagram 3 shows the rate of enzyme hydrolysis reactions, R and S, in the human

body.

Rajah 3 menunjukkan kadar tindak balas enzim hidrolisis R dan S dalam badan

manusia.

Which of the following is true about enzymes R and S?

Antara yang berikut, yang manakah benar tentang enzim R dan S?

Enzyme R

Enzim R

Enzyme S

Enzim S

ASecreted in the stomach

Dirembes di dalam perut

Secreted into the duodenum

Dirembes ke dalam duoenum

B

The active site changes at pH more

than 4

Tapak aktif berubah pada pH lebih

daripada 4

The active site changes at pH more than 7

Tapak aktif berubah pada pH lebih

daripada 7

CR is trypsin

R ialah tripsin

S is lipase

S ialah lipase

D

Synthesized in the rough endoplasmic

reticulum

Disintesiskan dalam jalinan

endoplasma kasar

Synthesized in the smooth endoplasmic

reticulum

Disintesiskan dalam jalinan endoplasma

licin

SPM 2006, SOALAN 16

11 Which of the following is true about the enzyme and its function?

Antara yang berikut, yang manakah benar tentang jenis enzim dan fungsinya?

SPM 2007, SOALAN 7

12 Diagram 4 shows the structures of a substrate and an enzyme.

Rajah 4 menunjukkan struktur substrat dan enzim.

Which of the labelled parts A, B, C or D is the active site?

Antara A, B, C dan D, yang manakah tapak aktif?

SPM 2008 SOALAN 6

13 Diagram 4 is a graph which shows the relationship between the rate of reaction and

the substrate concentration when factor Y is varied.

Rajah 4 ialah graf yang menunjukkan perhubungan antara kadar tindak balas dan

kepekatan substrat

apabila faktor Y

diubah.

What is factor Y?

Apakah faktor Y?

A pH B Time

pH Masa

C Inhibitor D Enzyme concentration

Perencat Kepekatan enzim

SPM 2006, SOALAN 7

14 Diagram 5 shows the mechanism of enzyme action.

Rajah 5 menunjukkan mekanisma tindakan enzim.

Which of the following can be deduced from Diagram 5?

Antara yang berikut, yang manakah kesimpulan daripada Rajah 5?

I Enzyme action is specific

Tindakan enzim adalah spesifik

II Enzyme reaction is reversible

Tindakan enzim adalah berbalik

III Enzyme is not destroyed at the end of the reaction

Enzim tidak dimusnahkan pads akhir tindak balas

IV Optimum temperature for enzyme reaction is 40°C

Suhu optimum untuk tindakan enzim ialah 40°C

A I and II

I dan 11

B I and III

I dan III

C II and IV

II dan IV

D III and IV

III dan IV

SPM 2009 SOALAN 7

15 Diagram 6 shows organelles P, Q and R that are involved in the synthesis and

secretion of an extracellular enzyme. The process begins at DNA.

Rajah 6 menunjukkan organel P, Q dan R yang terlibat dalam sintesis dan rembesan

enzim luar sel. Proses ini bermula di DNA.

Which sequence is correct in the production of the extracellular enzyme?

Urutan manakah yang betul dalam penghasilan enzim luar sel?

A P Q R

B Q P R

C R Q P

D R P Q

SPM 2010, SOALAN 6

16 What is the optimum temperature for enzyme reactions in the human body?

Apakah suhu optimum bagi tindak balas enzim dalam badan manusia?

A 27°C B 30°C

C 37°C D 40°C

SPM 2010, SOALAN 7

17 Diagram 5 shows the 'lock and key' hypothesis of enzyme action.

Rajah 5 menunjukkan hipotesis 'mangga dan kunci' bagi tindakan enzim.

What are P, Q and R?

Apakah P, Q dan R?

SPM 2010, SOALAN 8

18 Diagram 6 shows an experiment to study the action of pepsin on protein.

Rajah 6 menunjukkan suatu eksperimen untuk mengkaji tindakan pepsin ke atas

protein

The contents of the test tube are mixture of 2 ml of albumen suspension which has been

boiled and cooled. 1 ml of 1% pepsin solution and four drops of 0.1 M hydrochloric acid. The

albumen suspension turns clear after 30 minutes.

Which step is able to reduce the time taken for the albumen suspension to turn clear?

Kandungan dalam tabung uji itu ialah campuran 2 ml ampaian albumen yang telah

dididihkan dan disejukkan, 1 ml 1% larutan pepsin dan empat titis 0.1 M asid hidroklorik.

Ampaian albumen menjadi jernih selepas 30 minit. Langkah manakah yang dapat

mengurangkan masa yang diambil oleh ampaian albumen untuk menjadi jernih.,

A Reduce the volume of 0.1 M hydrochloric acid to two drops

Kurangkan isi padu 0.1 M asid hidroklorik kepada dua titis

B Reduce the temperature of water bath to 30°C

Kurangkan suhu kukus air kepada 30°C

C Increase the volume of 1% pepsin solution to 2 ml

Tingkatkan isi padu 1% larutan pepsin kepada 2 mf

D Increase the volume of albumen suspension to 4 ml

Tingkatkan isi padu ampaian albumen kepada 4 ml

SPM 2010, SOALAN 9

19 Diagram 7 shows structure P in a cell which is involved in producing extracellular

enzymes. Rajah 7 menunjukkan struktur P dalam suatu sel yang terlibat dalam

penghasilan enzim luar sel.

What will happen if structure P fails to fuse with the Golgi apparatus?

Apakah yang akan berlaku jika struktur P gagal bercantum dengan jasad Golgi?

A Proteins are not synthesised

Protein tidak disintesis

B Proteins are not modified

Protein tidak diubahsuai

C Proteins are denatured

Protein dinyahaslikan

D Protein are hydrolysed

Protein dihidrolisiskan

SPM 2011, SOALAN 11

20. Diagram 5 shows two shirts, P and Q, that were stained with butter. The shirts

were washed with washing powder that contains enzyme X at different temperatures.

Rajah 5 menunjukkan dua helai baju, P dan Q, yang dikotori oleh mentega. Baju-baju

tersebut dicuci dengan serbuk pencuci yang mengandungi enzim X pada suhu yang

berbeza.

What is enzyme X and the possible temperatures that were used for P and Q?

Apakah enzim X dan suhu yang mungkin telah digunakan untuk P dan Q?

JAWAPAN

1 C

2 D

3 B

4 A

5 D

6 C

7 B

8 B

9 C

10 A

11 A

12 C

13 D

14 B

15 C

16 C

17 B

18 C

19 B

20 A