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CCAST/RBRC Symposium, April 2003. Hideto En'yo 1
Experiments at RHIC, the First Spin Collider---- just taking off -----
Hideto En’yo Hideto En’yo
RIKEN / RIKEN-BNL Research CenterRIKEN / RIKEN-BNL Research Center
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Tin Toy
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How this toy works ?
Tires rotating, and runs
A Fly Wheel is working hard inside, which carries the
moment of inertia
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Spin of the Earth and Spin of Proton
Spin Top and Magnet characters
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Fundamental Questions
What attracts quarks
How can we study ?
What is the fly wheel of Proton
SOLVED
Big Question
Facility Ready
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2
1J
What is the fly wheel in the proton
Proton Spin CrisisProton Spin Crisis
Big
Question
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Polarize protons ( arrange all the proton spin to the same axis )
Spin collider
【 The first in the world 】
Accelerate to the very high Accelerate to the very high energyenergy
And Collide !And Collide !
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What We learn ?ParticlePhysics
Hadron Physics =Physics @ RICH
QGPProton Structure
Nuclear Physics Astro Physics
0.0001sec after the Big-BangQuark Gluon Plasma
The First Element, Nucleon
Yuko Mochizuki, RIKEN-RARF
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Long Island, USA 、 NY
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RHIC
CircumferenceCircumference 3.83 km 3.83 km
Two ringsTwo rings– Proton + ProtonProton + Proton
– Nucleus + NucleusNucleus + Nucleus
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不死鳥 PHENIX 検出器
南 μ 介子測定器
北 μ 介子測定器
西・電子・光子測定器
東・電子・光子測定器
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13CCAST/RBRC Symposium, April 2003. Hideto En'yo
PHENIX Experiment
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How we can polarize proton
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CCAST/RBRC Symposium, April 2003. Hideto En'yo 16
Polarized Proton Acceleration
KEK OPPPS, Tuned for RHIC at TRIUMPH
Booster: No Spin Resonance
AGS: Partial Siberian Snake
Transfer Lines to RHIC, Spin transparent
Two Rings in the Tunnel
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CCAST/RBRC Symposium, April 2003. Hideto En'yo 17
Snake Magnet
STARPHENIX
AGSLINAC
RHIC
Proton and its spin motion in Snake4 Helical Dipoles – one Snake essential invention for RHIC spin
2 Snakes in each ring Snake axis orthogonal each other Spin is preserved up to 250GeV
RIKEN fund
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CCAST/RBRC Symposium, April 2003. Hideto En'yo 18
Beam’s View
Si #1
Si #2
Si #4Si #3
left right
down
up
Si #5
Si #6
Carbon filament target (5mg/cm2) in the RHIC beam
Measure recoil carbon ions at 90º
100 keV < Ecarbon< 1 MeV
Wave-Form Digitizer +FPGA high counting rates (~0.5 MHz)
scaler measurement ~ 310-4 in ~1 minute.
Carbon
ADC values
Arr
ival
tim
e (n
s)
Coulomb Nuclear Interference Polarimeter
STARPHENIX
AGSLINAC
RHIC
PaNic02 K.Kurita
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CCAST/RBRC Symposium, April 2003. Hideto En'yo 19
Luminosity in Year 1
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
1 3 5 7 9 111315171921232527293133Days into run (from 12/20/01)
STAR 300 nb-1
PHENIX 150 nb-1
Machine Luminosity
300 nb-1 /weekPeak 1.8x1030 cm-
2s-1
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CCAST/RBRC Symposium, April 2003. Hideto En'yo 20
Polarization in Year 1
Yellow Ring Blue Ring
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CCAST/RBRC Symposium, April 2003. Hideto En'yo 21
Why polarization was low ?
10% 20% 30%
PAGS
PRHIC
Injection1st Year
Ramp upSpead
SourceImprovement
New AGSSNAKE2004-5
AGS motor generator failure½ ramp up speed2x resonance effect
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CCAST/RBRC Symposium, April 2003. Hideto En'yo 22
2003
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CCAST/RBRC Symposium, April 2003. Hideto En'yo 23
Prospect of Machine performance
RUN #proton/bunch
[x109]#bunch Beta*
(m)
Emittance
(m)
Luminosity
1030 cm-2s-1
Pol.
(%)
2001-
2002
70 55 3 25 1.8 15-25
2002-2003
100 112 1 25 16 45-55
2004-
2005
? 112 1 ? ? 70-80
Design 200 112 1 20 80 70
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CCAST/RBRC Symposium, April 2003. Hideto En'yo 24
The Spin Experiments
STARPHENIX
AGSLINAC
RHIC pp2pp
Spin Rotators
pp elastic Silicons in Roman pot-t down (0.004 GeV/c)2
b*=10m (special tune)
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CCAST/RBRC Symposium, April 2003. Hideto En'yo 25
Spin Physics at RHIC
• Spin Structure of Nucleon
– 1/2=(1/2)+G+Lq+Lg G: gluon polarization q: Anti-quark polarization
– New Structures• h1: transversity
RHIC = polarized parton colliderRHIC = polarized parton collider
•NEW TOOL to study hadronic processes
•W,Z @500GeV•flavor sensitive studies on the structure functions
•cc/bb•Production mechanism
•Spin in the fragmentation•Parity,CP violating interaction?
•Test of pQCD •Use asymmetries sensitive ONLY to the higher orders (A
N at high PT etc.)
?QCD triumph? or
?beyond ?
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CCAST/RBRC Symposium, April 2003. Hideto En'yo 26
• ALL: Double Longitudinal Spin Asymmetry– Useful in extracting quark/gluon helicity distributi
ons
)()(
)()(
LLA
ATT: Transversity AN:Twist-3 or TAL:Parity Violation
Asymmetries Measurements
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CCAST/RBRC Symposium, April 2003. Hideto En'yo 27
Global QCD Analysis
AAC
Prelim
inary
AAC
Prelim
inary
M. Hirai, H.Kobayashi, M. Miyama et al.
Impact of RHIC Spin on g With RHIC
DATA (1year)
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CCAST/RBRC Symposium, April 2003. Hideto En'yo 28
Measurements of q, q at PHENIX
– d small at high x u/u (d/d for W) flavor selected valence quark polarization
d/d (u/u for W) determination
Major background is Z decay (20%)
systematic error will be minimized (~1%) with AL
Z (~20%)and (Z) measurements
N.Saito
Au x M d x M d x M u x M
u x M d x M d x M u x MLW a W b W a W b W
a W b W a W b W
( , ) ( , ) ( , ) ( , )
( , ) ( , ) ( , ) ( , )
2 2 2 2
2 2 2 2
Parity violating single Asymmetry unpolarized distribution polarized distribution
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CCAST/RBRC Symposium, April 2003. Hideto En'yo 29
Data from the 1st polarized pp runs
Run all the time with vertical polarization polarization is too low to perform double spin No gluon information
Commission the detectors for polarized pp Cross section reference for pp and AA First measurements of L-R asymmetry at
root( s ) = 200GeV
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CCAST/RBRC Symposium, April 2003. Hideto En'yo 30
PHENEIX 0 cross section
• Pt Spectrum over 108 magnitude
• NLO pQCD calculation– CTEQ5M pdf
– Potter-Kniehl-Kramer(PKK)
– fragmentation function = pT/2, pT, 2pT
• Consistent with data within the scale dependence.
PHENIX Preliminary
Normalization error of 30% not shown. MB trigger 2x2 trigger
pT dependent systematic error
Spin02 B.Fox (RBRC)QM02 H,Torii(Kyoto)PaNic02 Y. Goto(RIKEN)
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CCAST/RBRC Symposium, April 2003. Hideto En'yo 31
PHENIX J/
µ+µ-e+e-
Br(J/l+l-) (total) = 226 36 (stat.) 79 (syst.) nb
(p+pJ/X) = 3.8 0.6 (stat.) 1.3 (syst.) µb
PHENIX Preliminary
Total Cross section vs. the Total Cross section vs. the Color-Evaporation Model predictionColor-Evaporation Model prediction
• CEM Parameters are fixed by fitting low energy data• The result agrees with the CEM prediction at s=200GeV
Spin02 H. Sato( Kyoto) Panic02 K.Ozawa(CNS)
Rapidity distribution compared Rapidity distribution compared with PHITHIA simulationwith PHITHIA simulation
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CCAST/RBRC Symposium, April 2003. Hideto En'yo 32
Physics in AN (L-R Asymmetry)useful for local polarimeter for collision point
0 1 2 3 4 5
Rapidity
STARFPD
0o CAL
BBC
PHE
NIX
MU
ON
PHE
NIX
CE
NT
RA
L
STA
R T
PCpp2pp
E704 at Fermilab at s=20 GeV, pT=0.5-2.0 GeV/c: XF 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8PT
Models:: Transversity, Higher Twist,Fragmentation, kT, Orbital. Etc.
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CCAST/RBRC Symposium, April 2003. Hideto En'yo 33
STAR Forward rapidity high xF 0 AN
xF ~ E / 100 GeV
STAR FPD Preliminary DataAssuming AN(CNI)= 0.013pT=1.1 - 2.5 GeV/c
0.0
0.2
0.4
-0.20 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0
AN
Systematic uncertainty + - 0.05
0 at s 200p p X GeV 0 at s 20p p X GeV Theory predictions
at pT = 1.5 GeV/c
Collins effectAnselmino, et al.PRD 60 (1999) 054027. Sivers effectAnselmino, et al.Phys. Lett. B442 (1998) 470.
Twist 3 effectQiu and Sterman,Phys. Rev. D59 (1998) 014004.
Y.KoikePaNic02
Spin02 G.Rakness(IUCF)
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CCAST/RBRC Symposium, April 2003. Hideto En'yo 34
Beam-Beam Counter (luminosity monitor)
PHENIX preliminary
(backward) (forward)
PHENIX-BBC|AN| < 0.3%: 3.0 - 3.9
PHENIX-BBC|AN| ~ 1%: 3.0 – 5.0
Asymmetry Measured by RHIC polarimeter
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CCAST/RBRC Symposium, April 2003. Hideto En'yo 35
12 O‘clock( local polarimeter for PHENIX)
EM Cal Base
PbWO4
Charge Veto
Neutron VetoHadron Cal Base
Pb
Scintillator
W+Fiber Cal
Post-shower
Spin02 Y.Fukao(Kyoto)Panic02 M.Togawa(Kyoto)
0
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CCAST/RBRC Symposium, April 2003. Hideto En'yo 36
12 O’clock
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CCAST/RBRC Symposium, April 2003. Hideto En'yo 37
Asymmetries (AN) seen
0 1 2 3 4 5
Rapidity
STARFPD
0o CAL
BBC
PHE
NIX
MU
ON
PHE
NIX
CE
NT
RA
L
STA
R T
PC
pp2pp
XF 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8PT
0
+10 ~ +20%
Charged+1%
Neutron -10%
-3%
0 <3%
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CCAST/RBRC Symposium, April 2003. Hideto En'yo 38
Coming Run with longitudinal polarization
3pb-1,P=50%
W. Vogelsang
STAR JET
PHENIX Charged
G will be directly probed
expectations
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CCAST/RBRC Symposium, April 2003. Hideto En'yo 39
Summary and Outlook• RHIC spin program has begun. We have a series of program over 5 ye
ars to go.• Y2001-2, The first polarized proton collision was successfully done w
ith transversely polarized beam, produced unexpected spin phenomena which may relate to unknown behavior of QCD (transversity etc)
• Y2002-3, The first measurements of helicity asymmetry will SOON be performed @200GeV. Sizable G generates surprises in the data.
• Y2003+, Statistics will be much improved @200GeV, ensuring the determination of G . “Spin Crisis” will hopefully be solved by then.
• Y2005+, Weak Bosons will be produced at RHIC, the NEW “flavor sensitive” tool for the anti-quark/quark polarization and unpolarized structure function of anti-quark measurements.
• And beyondbeyond…
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CCAST/RBRC Symposium, April 2003. Hideto En'yo 40
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CCAST/RBRC Symposium, April 2003. Hideto En'yo 41
Many Thanks To• RHIC Spin Collaboration (Spokesman: G. Bunce)
Spin physics is an integral part of the goals of the STAR, PHENIX and pp2pp experiments.
• RHIC Accelerator Spin Group(Spokesman:T.Roser, Project Manager: W.Mackay)
• RIKEN and RIKEN/BNL Research Center (Group Leaders: H. En’yo, G.Bunce,
N. Saito), Theory Group ( W.Vorgelsang et.al.)
• STAR Spin Physics Working Group (Conveners: L. Bland, G. Eppley)
• PHENIX Spin Physics Working Group (Conveners: Y. Goto, M. Perdekamp)
• pp2pp Experiment (Spokesman: W. Guryn)
• BNL Groups: RHIC Spin Group (Group Leader: G. Bunce);
• KEK Accelerator Group (Y. Mori et al.);
• Laboratory / University participation
Kyoto-U, TITech, ANL, IUCF, KEK and many others
.