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Timothy Eichler and Wayne Higgins Climate Prediction Center/NCEP
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Transcript of Timothy Eichler and Wayne Higgins Climate Prediction Center/NCEP
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The Climatology and Interannual Variability of North American Stormtracks in the GFS and
CFS Global Climate Models
Timothy Eichler and Wayne Higgins
Climate Prediction Center/NCEP
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• T62 GFS run with AMIP II SST
• Run from 1950-2002
• SLP saved twice daily
GFS Simulation
CFS Simulation
• 2.5x2.5 fully coupled simulation
• Run from 2002-2033
• Free Run (i.e. climate mode)
• SLP saved twice daily
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Storm Track Frequency Climatology (5x5 grid) for I: Obs II: GFS III: CFS from a: Winter through d: Fall
I IIIII
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Storm Track Frequency Difference a: GFS-OBS b: CFS-OBS
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b
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Storm Track Frequency Difference CFS-GFS
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SLP (hPa) of Storms I: Obs II: GFS III: CFS
a-d: (winter through fall)
I II III
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SLP Diff I: GFS-Obs II: CFS-OBS
(a-d: winter through fall) I II
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Standard Deviation Analysis for I: GFS and II: CFS
I II
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Storm Tracks by El Nino Phase (OBS ) a: Strong El Nino b: Weak El Nino c: Neutral d: weak La Nina e: Strong La Nina.
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Storm Tracks by El Nino Phase (GFS Model) a: Strong El Nino b: Weak El Nino c: Neutral d: weak La Nina e: Strong La Nina.
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b
c
d
e
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Storm Tracks by El Nino Phase (CFS Model) a: Strong El Nino b: Weak El Nino c: Neutral d: weak La Nina e: Strong La Nina.
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b
c
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Composite Stormtrack Frequency Anomaly for a: Strong El Nino-neutral and b: strong La Nina-neutral
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b
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Composite GFS Stormtrack Frequency Anomaly for a: Strong El Nino-Neutral and b: Strong La Nina-Neutral
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b
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Composite CFS Stormtrack Frequency Anomaly for a: Strong El Nino-Neutral and b: Strong La Nina-Neutral
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b
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Stormtrack difference (Strong El Nino – Strong La Nina) for a: Observations b: GFS Model c: CFS Model
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b
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Merdional Temp. Gradient ((degrees C/ km)*100) for a: obs b: GFS model c: GFS-obs
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a
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Merdional Temp. Gradient ((degrees C/ km)*100) for a: obs b: CFS model c: CFS-obs
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H500 Gradient ((m/km)*100) for a: obs b: CFS model c: CFS-obs
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H500 Gradient ((m/km)*100) for a: obs b: GFS model c: GFS-obs
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Conclusions
• GFS Produces Stormtrack Climatology spatially reasonable though approximately 50% less frequent… CFS slightly better.
• Storm tracks less frequent and weaker especially in the North Pacific and North Atlantic in areas normally associated with strong baroclinicity.
• GFS and CFS models exhibit a seasonal cycle for stormtracks though weaker than obs.
• GFS and CFS stormtracks show a response to ENSO evident especially when comparing strong events
• Reduced storm frequency relative to observed implies weak model variability. Evidence suggests that the GFS and CFS models have less baroclincity than observed.
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Future Work
• Explore GFS and CFS model physics to ascertain why models’
storm variability is less than observed (e.g. look at surface heat budget)
• Investigate Storm structure (e.g. fronts, precipitation, etc.) to see if
they are realistic
• Use stormtracks software on other data: rr data, ETA model… Program has potential as a prognostic tool…