Timothy Adams Steven Burns Tony Cartwright Michelle Yu.
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HEAT RESISTANT POLYMERS (FOR FIRE SUITS) Timothy Adams Steven Burns Tony Cartwright Michelle Yu
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Transcript of Timothy Adams Steven Burns Tony Cartwright Michelle Yu.
HEAT RESISTANT POLYMERS (FOR FIRE
SUITS)Timothy AdamsSteven Burns
Tony CartwrightMichelle Yu
Heat Resistant Polymers
Nomex (poly(m-phenylene teraphthalate))
Celazole (Polybenzimidazole) (PBI) Kevlar (poly(p-phenylene teraphthalate)) Zylon (Polybenzobisoxazole) (PBO) Kapton (poly(4,4'-oxydiphenylene-
pyromellitimide)) Polyimides Polysulfones Polyaryletheretherketone (PEEK) Phosphazenes
Trade Names
Heat-Resistant Polymer Applications
Firefighting Suits Space Suits Flight Suits Electrical Insulation Heat shields Aircraft Fuselage Welding Protection Sealing Tapes Bushings, Seals Bearings Hot Gas Filtration
DuPont, 2007
Nasa 2008
Firefighting Suits
www.army.gov , 2009
Major Time Periods Pre 1800: Limited protective equipment. First leather fire
helmets invented. Mid 1800s: Use of wool for some protective clothing. First
traditional fire helmet. Post WWI: Use of rubber coats and boots, and use of “Bunker
Pants”. Post WWII: First NFPA standards set. Evolution of the modern
turnout gear.
Fire Suit History
www.fireengineering.com, 2009
NFPA Requirements
Globe Firefighter Suits, 2009
Requirements II
Globe Firefighter Suits, 2009
PBI vs Nome
x
Polybenzimidazole (PBI)
Direct Industry, 2009
Wale Apparatus Co., 2009
Performance Products, 2009
Chemistry
Poly(2,2’-(m-phenylene)-5,5’bibenzimidazole
Performance Products, 2009
Synthesis
Chung, Tai-Shung. 1997
Common Monomers : Tetra-amines (bis-o-diamines) and dicarboxylatesR1 and R: Either aromatic or aliphatic functional groups, such as ether, ketone, sulfone, siloxane, silane, phosphine oxide
Properties Extreme Flame
Resistance Excellent High
Energy Radiation Resistance
High Chemical and Thermal Stabilities at High Temperatures
High Tg Highest Compressive
Strength Heat Deflection
Temp. = 435 deg. C @ 264 psi
Good Mechanical Strength
NASA, 2008
Chung, Tai-Shung. 1997
Polymerization and Processing
PBI Fiber Processing Methods
1. Dry Spinning2. Wet Spinning3. Dry-jet Wet
Spinning
Chung, Tai-Shung. 1997
Nomex
China Suppliers, 2009
Alibaba, 2009
Storyboardtoys.blogspot.com, 2009
Sariwarnamas, 2009
Synthetic Methods in Step-growth Polymers, 2003
Wet spin DMAc Ionic Liquids
Dry spin
Christian Kubel et al., 2001Tingting Zhao, 2007
Properties
Flame resistance Self extinguishing LOI: 28 No melt drip
Chemical resistance
Solvents & biohazards
Long duration Low shrinkage Water Absorption
~9%Gang Sun, 2004
www.madmax-jp.com , 2009
The Breakdown
Advantages: Extreme Fire Resistance
No smoke or off-gases at 1000F
Retains properties up to 760 degrees Celsius and all the way down to -200 degrees Celsius
High Chemical Resistance
Disadvantages: Higher Water Absorption
15-18% water absorption Cost - More than $70/lb
(Smith , 1999)
PBI NomexVS
Advantages: Extreme Fire Resistance
Self extinguishing No drip or melt
High Chemical Resistance
Low Water Absorption ~9%
Cost - $14/kg (Volokhina, 1984)
Disadvantages: UV degradation
In Conclusion…
NOMEX
New advances in Nomex
Nomex on Demand Fibers swell when
exposed to heat At 250F, the polymer
expands to about 5x the thickness
Provides better protection when needed and increased mobility when thermal protection is not needed
Textileworld.com, 2009
DuPont, 2009
Thank you!
Questions?
Acknowledgements: Cleveland Heights
Fire Departmentwww.clevelandheightsfire.com, 2009
