Timeline of New Mexico history

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Timeline of New Mexico History What do you know about the history of New Mexico?

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Transcript of Timeline of New Mexico history

Page 1: Timeline of New Mexico history

Timeline of New Mexico History

What do you know about the history of New Mexico?

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Before Spanish Colonization

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12,000-10,000 B.C.Sandia people leave earliest evidence of

human existence in what is now New Mexico.

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A.D. 700-1300Anasazi culture culminates the highly developed

Chaco Civilization

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A.D. 1200-1500s

Pueblo Indians establish villages along the Rio Grande and its tributaries.

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1519 Hernando Cortez lands in what is today Vera Cruz, Mexico and

takes over the Aztec Empire.

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New Mexico under the Spanish Crown

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Map of Spanish exploration and colonization activities

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In 1536 Cabeza de Vaca reached Culiacan, Mexico.

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Cabeza de Vaca After being shipwrecked and

imprisoned by Indians, he and three other men cross through what is now southern New Mexico.

They began rumors of the Seven Cities of Cibola.

These four men were the first non-Indians to travel through the interior of North America.

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1539-1583 Over the next fifty years, four different expeditions

traveled through New Mexico. This included the well known explorer Francisco

Vasquez de Coronado. Along with 300 soldiers and 800 Indian allies from

New Spain, he passed through the Rio Grande Valley while looking for the fabled Seven Cities of Gold. Instead he found villages inhabited by prosperous native people near present day Bernalillo.

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Francisco Vasquez de Coronado

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1598 Juan de Oñate led a colonizing expedition of 500 settlers

from Mexico to the new province of New Mexico. He established the capital near the Tewa village of Ohke

(by present day Espanola). He also founded El Camino Real, the communication

and trade link between Mexico City and Santa Fe.

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Onate & the New Mexico founding families

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1599 Battle at Acoma between natives and

Spaniards. Juan de Onate becomes infamous for his brutality during this battle.

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BATTLE OF ACOMA (CONTINUED)

One of Onate’s soldiers stopped at Acoma for provisions. While there, the Acomas accused them of stealing, and violating an Acoma woman, and killed thirteen of the soldiers for this.

Onate sent more men to Acoma in retaliation, resulting in a three-day battle.

When the fighting ended, several hundred Indians were dead, and hundreds of surviving Acomas were and taken to Santa Domingo Pueblo to stand trial. Onate severely punished the people of Acoma.

Men over twenty-five had one foot cut off and were sentenced to twenty years of personal servitude to the Spanish colonists

Young men between the ages of twelve and twenty-five received twenty years of personal servitude

Young women over twelve years of age were given twenty years of servitude

Sixty young girls were sent to Mexico City to serve in the convents there, never to see their homeland again

Two Hopi men caught at the Acoma battle had their right hand cut off and were set free to spread the news of Spanish retribution.

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Statue of Juan de Oñate located a few miles north of Española, New Mexico. In January of

1998, it was damaged by vandals.

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1608 Onate removed as governor and sent to Mexico City to be

tried for mistreatment of the Indians and abuse of power. Decision made by Spanish Crown to continue settlement of

New Mexico as a royal province.

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1609-1610 Gov. Pedro de Peralta establishes a new capital at Santa Fe.

Construction begins on the Palace of the Governors.

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1626 - Spanish Inquisition established in New Mexico.  

Thousands of Jews fleeing the Inquisition in Spain and Portugal had drifted to the Americas for a century.  Many were now in New Mexico and in 1626 the sanctuary of the northern provinces ended for them.

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1680 - Pueblo Indian Revolt Santa Fe, NM

It was the only successful Native American revolt against the Spanish in all of the Americas. The Spanish withdraw from present day New Mexico for

twelve years.

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1692-1693 Twelve years after the Pueblo Revolt, Don Diego de

Vargas re-colonizes Santa Fe. Spanish rule returns to New Mexico.

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1706 Villa de Albuquerque founded.

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New Mexico as a Part of Mexico

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1821 Mexico declares independence from Spain.

Mexico is now its own country. Anglos begin to trade with the Mexicans in New Mexico. When Mexico was a part of Spain, Spain did not permit much trade from occurring between its colonies and

other countries. Spain did not want other countries and cultural groups to influence its colonies.

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New Mexico as Part of the United States

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1846 Mexican-American War begins. Stephen Watts Kearny annexes New Mexico to the United States.

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1847 Taos Rebellion against the U.S. military.

Governor Charles Bent is the first Anglo governor of New Mexico and is killed in the rebellion.

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1848 Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo ends Mexican-American War.

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1850 -New Mexico (which included present-day Arizona, southern Colorado, southern Utah, and southern Nevada)

is designated a territory but denied statehood. The struggle for state hood will be long battle for New

Mexico.

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1863 - New Mexico is partitioned in half & the Territory of Arizona is created.

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1863-1868 " The Long Walk"

Led by Colonel Kit Carson Navajos and Apaches are relocated to Bosque Redondo. About 8,000 Navajos were rounded up and forced to walk 300

miles across the desert of New Mexico.

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1878 The railroad arrives in

New Mexico, opening full-scale trade and migration from the east and Midwest of the United States.

Lincoln County War erupts in southeast New Mexico

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1881 Billy the Kid shot by Sheriff Pat Garrett in Fort Sumner N.M.

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1910 - New Mexico Constitution drafted in preparation for statehood.

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1912

New Mexico admitted to the Union as the 47th state. It took sixty years for New Mexico to attain

statehood.

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1916 - Pancho Villa raids

Columbus, N.M.

Villa attacked Columbus, NM Columbus, NM after the raid

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1920 - Adoption of the l9th Amendment gives women the right to vote.

Nina Otero-Warren leads successful lobbying campaign to win New Mexico ratification of 19th Amendment.

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1930-1943 - Great Depression Federal New Deal funds provide employment

for many and causes numerous public buildings to be constructed.

"Walking 30 miles to visit family in Santa Fe"; Chomita, New Mexico (Circa May 1935)

A displaced family looking for work in 1935

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New Mexico soldiers serving in the 200th Coast Artillery during World War II are captured by the Japanese and forced to endure the Bataan Death March.

Navajo "Code Talkers" are influential in helping end the war. Secret atomic laboratories established at Los Alamos.

1942 -1945

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1945- World's first atomic bomb detonated at Trinity Site in southern

New Mexico after its development at Los Alamos.

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1948 - Native Americans win the right to vote in state elections only.

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New Mexico History What surprised you about our state’s history? What about New Mexico’s history are you

interested in learning more about?

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Sources: http://www.newmexicohistory.org/filedetails.

php?fileID=312 http://acoma.sks.com/About_Acoma.aspx http://www.shgresources.com/nm/timeline/ http://weber.ucsd.edu/~rfrank/class_web/

ES-112A/Onate.html