Time, temporal geometry, and cosmology
Transcript of Time, temporal geometry, and cosmology
-
8/3/2019 Time, temporal geometry, and cosmology
1/28
@Rlswcgw/dqf
Hek|hoikq Nqhomeco Jhskq
Hihj Jcgmckvcgp [oc~kqwcysRdpoh% 8> Od~kjakq 1282
Rlcedwdrls dn Wgckogk Nhg{eys
ycjk% ykjrdqhe fkdjkyqs hoi gdwjdedfs
rqkww kwg mks yd k|cy wecikwldv
~ 82/88/83 1282 H/ N/ Jhskq
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/us/http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/us/http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/us/ -
8/3/2019 Time, temporal geometry, and cosmology
2/28
@Rlswcgw/dqf
1
838>0
Kcowykco r{aecwlkw ylk fkokqhe ylkdqs dn qkehyc~cys/83860
Ylk ncqwy rhrkqw kjkqfk ikhecof vcyl ylk okv wgckogkdn gdwjdedfs% vlcgl cw ahwki do hrrescof Kcowykcow
fqh~cyhycdohe ylkdqs yd ylk [oc~kqwk hw h vldek/83180
Rl/I/ jhylkjhycgcho hoi Ghyldecg wkjcohqs wy{ikoyFkdqfkw Ekjhyqk% ylko 16 skhqw dei% vqcykw ylk rhrkq
Fdiw Ncqwy Ylqkk Ikgehqhycdow% vlcgl lk ikwgqcakw hwho hyykjry yd coykqrqky wgckoycncghees ylk ncqwy ~kqwkw dnFkokwcw/ Ylcw rhrkq rqd~kw yd lh~k akko ylk dqcfcohejdyc~hycdo yd ylk Acf Ahof gdjcg gqkhycdo ylkdqs/
-
8/3/2019 Time, temporal geometry, and cosmology
3/28
@Rlswcgw/dqf
F/ Ekjhyqk.
K/ L{aaek
Jy/ Vcewdo%Ghecndqoch
,831;#
Ekjhyqk L{aaek
-
8/3/2019 Time, temporal geometry, and cosmology
4/28
@Rlswcgw/dqf
9
831>0
Fkdqfkw Ekjhyqk w{ajcyw lcw ylkdqkycghe gdwjcg dqcfcow
rhrkq% vlcgl coge{ikw ylk wd*gheeki L{aaek Ehv/
83160
Hoohekw ik eh Wdgcy wgckoycncx{k ik Aq{|keekw co Akefc{jr{aecwlkw Ekjhyqkw wkjcohe rhrkq koycyeki%
H Ldjdfkokd{w [oc~kqwk dn Gdowyhoy Jhww hoiCogqkhwcof Qhic{w hggd{oycof ndq ylk Qhiche ^kedgcysdn K|yqh*fhehgycg Oka{e/ Cy vhw vqcyyko co Nqkogl hoi nkvrkdrek qkhi cy dq vkqk hvhqk dn cy hy ylk ycjk/
83130
Kivco L{aaek r{aecwlkwH Qkehycdo Akyvkko Icwyhogk hoiQhiche ^kedgcys Hjdof K|yqh*Fhehgycg Oka{ehk% vlcglgehcjw kjrcqcghe icwgd~kqs dn gdwjcg k|rhowcdo/
-
8/3/2019 Time, temporal geometry, and cosmology
5/28
@Rlswcgw/dqf
;
Heyld{fl cy cw gekhq ylhy Ekjhyqk wlhqki lcw r{qkes
ylkdqkycghe cikh dn ho k|rhoicof {oc~kqwk vcyl L{aaek co831;% L{aaekw 8313 rhrkq ici ody qknkqkogk Ekjhyqkw8316 ylkdqkycghe rhrkq% odq ici lk k~kq hgmodvekifklh~cof jky vcyl Ekjhyqk rqcdq yd 8313/
Ylk 831; rldydfqhrl cw h ekfhgs dn ylk L{aaek kwyhyk/
Ylk dawkq~ki qkiwlcny dn ylk fheh|ckw vhw ikwgqcaki coEkjhyqkw rhrkq hoi wrkgcncghees hyyqca{yki yd h fkokqhegdwjcg k|rhowcdo cocychyki hy ylk jdjkoy dn Gqkhycdo/Cy vhw Ekjhyqk vld hewd wrkgcncki ylhy ylk k|rhowcdo
qhyk j{wy ak ecokhq ,c/k/% ylk L{aaek ehv#/
Cy cw h vkee*modvo nhgy% ikwgqcaki co h o{jakq dn lcwacdfqhrlckw% ylhy Kivco L{aaek vhw h rhyldedfcghe echq/
-
8/3/2019 Time, temporal geometry, and cosmology
6/28
@Rlswcgw/dqf
Ylk 8313 L{aaek ichfqhj vhw nhaqcghyki%sky cyw cikh kwyhaecwlki ylk Acf Ahof ylkdqs/
p 2/2277
8 Jrg 1 Jrg
p 2/2286
;22
w*8
w*8
>
-
8/3/2019 Time, temporal geometry, and cosmology
7/28
@Rlswcgw/dqf
Ylk jdikqo gdogdqihogk jdike ~he{k dnL2 cw
681/; mjw*8Jrg*8/
[ocndqj k|rhowcdo dn h jkic{j cjreckw ylhy heekjakiiki da`kgyw ylhy hqk wkrhqhyki as ylk
whjk icwyhogk wkrhqhyk hy ylk whjk wrkki/
Wkrhqhycdo wrkki cw hiicyc~k vcyl icwyhogk0
H A G68 mjw*8
68 mjw*8
1 Jrg 0 891 mjw*8
8 Jrg 8 Jrg
gdwjcg k|rhowcdo6
-
8/3/2019 Time, temporal geometry, and cosmology
8/28
@Rlswcgw/dqf
GIJ gdogdqihogk jdike ,g/ 1282#
Ylk hfk dn ylk [oc~kqwk0y2 : 87/6; 2/87 Fsq,aceecdo skhqw#/ Ylk L{aaek gdowyhoy0L2 : 68/2 1/; mj$w$Jrg
Ylk ihqm kokqfs ikowcys0 : 2/679 2/213
Dn hee ylk kokqfs co ylk [oc~kqwk% 67/9+ cw co h jswykqcd{w ndqj
ylhy fc~kw kokqfs ,c/k/% jhww# yd ho cikhe ~hg{{j/
Ylk jhyykq ikowcys0J : 2/1>> 2/213
Dn hee ylk kokqfs co ylk [oc~kqwk% 1>/>+ cw ody ihqm kokqfs/
Ylk ihqm jhyykq ikowcys0g : 2/111 2/21>
Dn hee ylk kokqfs co ylk [oc~kqwk% 11/1+ cw kokqfs ylhyfqh~cyhykw a{y cw ody jhik {r dn ylk hydjcg kekjkoyw dq ylkcqgdowycy{koyw ,c/k/% ahqsdow#/ Ylcw ekh~kw `{wy 9/9+ dn hee kokqfshw modvo rhqycgekw/
ehjaih gdei ihqm jhyykq
-
8/3/2019 Time, temporal geometry, and cosmology
16/28
@Rlswcgw/dqf
WIWWf&*ahoi ,ae{kfqkko# akq jhfw
@Rlswcgw/dqf
j p, # : 8>/6 1/;81edf8
9 p -8, #9
p -8, #1
GhCCaqkhm
L{aaekehv
8>
@Rlswcgw dqf86
-
8/3/2019 Time, temporal geometry, and cosmology
17/28
@Rlswcgw/dqf
k|rkgyki gdqqkehycdo hy edv p hoi lcfl p86
@Rlswcgw dqf8
-
8/3/2019 Time, temporal geometry, and cosmology
18/28
@Rlswcgw/dqf
9 dqikqw dn jhfocy{ik kqqdq co ghodocghe jdike hy lcfl p
8
Ylk [oc~kqwk idkw ody lh~k ho hfk% wd co ylcwwkowk cy cw h rlswcghe hohedf yd ldv rkdrek ylcomhad{y Fdi ,ykjrdqhees yqhowocyk#/
Ysrcghe da`kgyw ,k/f/% fheh|s ge{wykqw# hqk jhosdqikqw dn jhfocy{ik deikq ylho 82 aceecdo skhqw/
Ylk [oc~kqwk cw wrhychees ocyk hoi ad{oihqsekww/
Ylk hgg{qhykes*jkhw{qki Gdwjcg gcqg{jnkqkogk cwco ylk qhofk dn >2*62 aceecdo ecfly skhqw/
Vk hqk does haek yd wkk lhen dn ylk [oc~kqwkylqd{fl d{q ykekwgdrkw/ Ylk dylkq lhen cw aklcoiylk gdwjdedfcghe qkiwlcny ldqcpdo/
@Rlswcgw/dqf
-
8/3/2019 Time, temporal geometry, and cosmology
27/28
@ s f
16
Ylk ndqkfdcof gdoge{wcdow hqk odv hw gkqyhco hw0
Ylk Khqyl cw kwwkoychees h wrlkqk hoi lhw hgcqg{jnkqkogk dn had{y 92%222 mcedjkykqw/
Ylk Khqyl cw hy ekhwy wk~kqhe aceecdo skhqw dei/
Ehqfk icodwh{qw dogk k|cwyki do Khqyl had{y822 jceecdo skhqw hfd% a{y ylks od edofkq k|cwy/
Rkdrek vld icwhfqkk vcee wddo ak wkko hw wcjcehqescfodqhoy yd yldwk vld hqf{k had{y ylkwk wcjrek
nhgyw gdogkqocof da`kgyc~k qkhecys/ Cy cw akyykq ydwy{is ylk wgckogk hoi ylk k~cikogk ylho yd hqf{k/
Idvoedhi ylk nqkk k*addm hy@Rlswcgw/dqf$addm
@Rlswcgw/dqf
http://jphysics.org/bookhttp://jphysics.org/bookhttp://jphysics.org/book -
8/3/2019 Time, temporal geometry, and cosmology
28/28
1
Ylhom sd{ ndq sd{q hyykoycdo/
@Rlswcgw/dqfrqkww kwg mks yd k|cy wecikwldv
http://jphysics.org/http://jphysics.org/http://jphysics.org/