TIME-RESOLVED OPTICAL SPECTROSCOPY OF HIGH-TEMPERATURE PLASMAS M.J. Sadowski , K. Malinowski , E....

TTIME-RESOLVED OPTICALIME-RESOLVED OPTICAL SPECTROSCOPY SPECTROSCOPY

OF HIGH-TEMPERATURE PLASMASOF HIGH-TEMPERATURE PLASMAS

M.J. SadowskiM.J. Sadowski, , K. MalinowskiK. Malinowski, E. Skladnik-Sadowska, E. Skladnik-Sadowska, M. Scholtz, M. Scholtz, ,

A. A. TsarenkoTsarenko¤¤ andand J. Zebrowski J. Zebrowski

The Andrzej Soltan Institute for Nuclear Studies (IPJ), 05-400 Otwock-Swierk, The Andrzej Soltan Institute for Nuclear Studies (IPJ), 05-400 Otwock-Swierk, PolandPoland

Institute of Plasma Physics and Laser Microfusion (IPPLM), 00-908 Warsaw, Institute of Plasma Physics and Laser Microfusion (IPPLM), 00-908 Warsaw, PolandPoland

¤¤ Institute of Plasma Physics, NSC KIPT, 61-108 Kharkov, Ukrain Institute of Plasma Physics, NSC KIPT, 61-108 Kharkov, Ukrainee

SPIE Intern. Congress, Warsaw 2005SPIE Intern. Congress, Warsaw 2005 1/331/33

Outline of the talkOutline of the talk

1. Introduction1. Introduction

2. Measuring equipment for time-resolved 2. Measuring equipment for time-resolved spectroscopyspectroscopy

3. Spectroscopic measurements within PF-360 3. Spectroscopic measurements within PF-360 facilityfacility

4. Spectroscopic measurements in PF-1000 facility4. Spectroscopic measurements in PF-1000 facility

5. Spectroscopic measurements in RPI-IBIS facility5. Spectroscopic measurements in RPI-IBIS facility

6. Summary and conclusions6. Summary and conclusions


The main phases of the PF discharges are well defined The main phases of the PF discharges are well defined

and they can easily be identified in any experiment.and they can easily be identified in any experiment.


General view of PF-360 chamber and some diagnostic General view of PF-360 chamber and some diagnostic equipment.equipment.


Ion pinhole image (left picture), as obtained in a 20-kJ PF device Ion pinhole image (left picture), as obtained in a 20-kJ PF device by means of a nuclear track detector covered with 1.5-µm-thick by means of a nuclear track detector covered with 1.5-µm-thick

Al-filter which transmitted deuterons of energy > 220 keV, Al-filter which transmitted deuterons of energy > 220 keV, and corresponding ion flux density map (right picture). and corresponding ion flux density map (right picture).


SSNTDs were placed at different angles to the z-axis, and the SSNTDs were placed at different angles to the z-axis, and the recorded ion tracks enabled to determine the angular distribution.recorded ion tracks enabled to determine the angular distribution.

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Thomson parabola tracks, which show the mass- and energy-Thomson parabola tracks, which show the mass- and energy-distribution of impurity ions observed in a PF-discharge distribution of impurity ions observed in a PF-discharge

performed at considerable air remnants and Ar admixture.performed at considerable air remnants and Ar admixture.


PF pinch dynamicsPF pinch dynamics studies in the PF-360 facility. Two VR pictures studies in the PF-360 facility. Two VR pictures (on the left) (on the left) were taken with 1-ns exposition, 31 ns and 41 ns after were taken with 1-ns exposition, 31 ns and 41 ns after

the the maximum pinch, and the X-ray image maximum pinch, and the X-ray image (on the right) (on the right) was recorded at was recorded at

28 ns. Correlation of intense emitting micro-regions can be 28 ns. Correlation of intense emitting micro-regions can be observed.observed.

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Optical spectra recorded in PF-1000 experiment at a long- Optical spectra recorded in PF-1000 experiment at a long- and short- exposition, which show large differences in D- and and short- exposition, which show large differences in D- and

impurity lines. impurity lines. SPIE Intern. Congress, Warsaw 2005SPIE Intern. Congress, Warsaw 2005 9/339/33

MECHELLE®900 optical spectrometer with a CCD camera.

SPIE Intern. Congress, Warsaw 2005SPIE Intern. Congress, Warsaw 2005

Wavelength range:Wavelength range:200 nm – 1100 nm200 nm – 1100 nm

Entrance aperture:Entrance aperture:20x15020x150µµmm

Exposition: 100 ns - 50msExposition: 100 ns - 50ms

Resolution test:Resolution test:404.7nm,FWHM=0.46nm, 404.7nm,FWHM=0.46nm,

// = 900 = 9001014.0nm,FWHM=0.95nm, 1014.0nm,FWHM=0.95nm,

// =1070 =1070

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Tto ion and neutron detectors

Vacuum cham bercollector

electrodes

Hot pinch region

Quartz window

Tto X-ray detectors

Quartz fibre

Rogowski coil

PF-360

insulator

Scheme of the PF-360 experiment, which shows diagnostic Scheme of the PF-360 experiment, which shows diagnostic arrangements for spectroscopic measurements.arrangements for spectroscopic measurements.

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General view of the PF-360 experimental chamber and General view of the PF-360 experimental chamber and diagnostic equipment used for high-speed photography.diagnostic equipment used for high-speed photography.

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Typical traces from PF-360 experiment: I - discharge current, Typical traces from PF-360 experiment: I - discharge current, VR - optical signal from the plasma front, M - marker for the VR - optical signal from the plasma front, M - marker for the spectrometer synchronization, N – fusion-neutron induced spectrometer synchronization, N – fusion-neutron induced

signal. signal.

VRVR

II

MM

NNs/divs/divs/div

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Optical spectra of PF-360 discharges, as recorded in PF-360 Optical spectra of PF-360 discharges, as recorded in PF-360 at two positions (z = 2.5 cm and z = 35 cm) with the at two positions (z = 2.5 cm and z = 35 cm) with the

exposition of 100 µs.exposition of 100 µs.

350 400 450 500 550 600 650 7000

20000

40000

60000

80000

CuI 406.2

CuI 465.0CuII 490.9

CuI 515.3CuI 521.8

N II 566.6

D-beta

D-gamma

D-alpha

texp= 100sposition (1), z = 2.5cm

U0= 30kV , p0= 6hPa D2, Yn=16000PF-360 (1)

Shot 030212 02

Inten

sity [

a.u.]

Wavelength [nm]

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Temporal changes of the VR spectrum recorded with 2Temporal changes of the VR spectrum recorded with 2--µs µs expositionexpositionss. .

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Temporal changes of the Balmer lines, as recorded in the PF-Temporal changes of the Balmer lines, as recorded in the PF-360 experiment at a distance of z = 35 cm360 experiment at a distance of z = 35 cm

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Temporal changes of the electron concentration and Temporal changes of the electron concentration and temperature, temperature,

asas determined on the basis of time-resolved measurements at z = determined on the basis of time-resolved measurements at z = 23 cm.23 cm. 17/3317/33


Experimental arrangement used for time-resolved Experimental arrangement used for time-resolved spectroscopic studies within the PF-1000 experiment.spectroscopic studies within the PF-1000 experiment.

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Top view of the large PF-1000 experimental chamber with side-Top view of the large PF-1000 experimental chamber with side-onon diagnostic ports used for optical measurements.diagnostic ports used for optical measurements.



Typical traces from PF-1000 experiment: a part of the discharge Typical traces from PF-1000 experiment: a part of the discharge current trace showing the dip (peculiarity), and correlated X-ray current trace showing the dip (peculiarity), and correlated X-ray

and neutron pulses (N1, N2). The exposition is marked by a and neutron pulses (N1, N2). The exposition is marked by a shadowed area. shadowed area.

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Temporal changes in the deuterium- and impurity-lines Temporal changes in the deuterium- and impurity-lines emitted from high-temperature plasma within the PF-1000 emitted from high-temperature plasma within the PF-1000

facilityfacility..21/3321/33


Optical spectra of plasma in the PF-1000 facility, as measured Optical spectra of plasma in the PF-1000 facility, as measured at short- and long-exposition for two shots under identical at short- and long-exposition for two shots under identical

initial conditions. initial conditions.

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Fitting of spectral lines by means of the GRAMS/32 software. Fitting of spectral lines by means of the GRAMS/32 software. Approximate values of the identified DApproximate values of the identified D and CuII lines are given and CuII lines are given

in nm.in nm. 23/3323/33


Quantitative analysis of the identified spectral Quantitative analysis of the identified spectral lineslines

IImaxmax and I and I00 values denote intensity in a center of the identified values denote intensity in a center of the identified line and the total intensity of that taken from a NIST database, line and the total intensity of that taken from a NIST database,

is the measured Lorenz half-width of that line.is the measured Lorenz half-width of that line. 24/3324/33

Temporal changes of the deuterium plasma density and of Temporal changes of the deuterium plasma density and of copper ions concentration in the PF-1000 experiment.copper ions concentration in the PF-1000 experiment.


Optical spectra recorded with a 3-µs exposition during differentOptical spectra recorded with a 3-µs exposition during different phases of the phases of the

PF-1000 discharge interacting with a C-Cu target PF-1000 discharge interacting with a C-Cu target ((placed 15 cm from placed 15 cm from anodeanode))..


The first Multi-Rod Plasma Injectors (RPI) were built at the Institute for Nuclear Research in Warsaw in the late

50s.

Scheme of the RPI device and RPI-IONOTRON facility of 15 kJ energy.


The The RPI-RPI-IBIS device used for the generationIBIS device used for the generation of pulsed plasma-ion of pulsed plasma-ion streams. streams.


Scheme of the RPI-IBIS facility with some diagnostic Scheme of the RPI-IBIS facility with some diagnostic equipment equipment

for spectroscopic- and corpuscular-measurements.for spectroscopic- and corpuscular-measurements. SPIE Intern. Congress, Warsaw 2005SPIE Intern. Congress, Warsaw 2005

Gas valve Rod electrodes Vacuum chamber

Hydrogen

Quartz collimatorOptica l fibre cable

to MECHELLE*900 optical spectrometer

Quartz window

Plasma stream

Acceleration system

Ions

Ion pinhole camera

IThomson spectrometeron pinhole camera or

Deflection platesE and B fields

Detectors

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Exemplary optical spectra recorded for different operational Exemplary optical spectra recorded for different operational modes modes

of the RPI-IBIS facility, which depend on a so-called time delayof the RPI-IBIS facility, which depend on a so-called time delayof the voltage pulse in the relation to the gas puffing.of the voltage pulse in the relation to the gas puffing.


Average values of the electron concentration and Average values of the electron concentration and temperature, temperature, as as estimated for different operational modesestimated for different operational modes of the RPI-IBIS facility.of the RPI-IBIS facility.


Summary and conclusionsSummary and conclusions

1. It was indicated that the time-integrated 1. It was indicated that the time-integrated spectroscopic measurements can be used for estimates spectroscopic measurements can be used for estimates

of plasma parameters in long-lasting stable plasma of plasma parameters in long-lasting stable plasma discharges only, discharges only,

and and to investigate pulse short-living plasma one must to investigate pulse short-living plasma one must perform time-resolved measurements with high perform time-resolved measurements with high

temporal resolutiontemporal resolution..

2. This talk presented a convenient measuring setup 2. This talk presented a convenient measuring setup which consists of a Mechellewhich consists of a Mechelle®®900 optical spectrometer 900 optical spectrometer equipped with a cooled CCD camera coupled with a PC equipped with a cooled CCD camera coupled with a PC and GRAMS-32and GRAMS-32®® software, which is very useful for the software, which is very useful for the

identification and analysis (fitting) of the recorded identification and analysis (fitting) of the recorded spectral lines.spectral lines.


3. Numerous spectroscopic measurements, as performed 3. Numerous spectroscopic measurements, as performed with the PF-360 and PF-1000 facilities, have been reviewed with the PF-360 and PF-1000 facilities, have been reviewed and it has been shown that the time-resolved spectroscopy and it has been shown that the time-resolved spectroscopy

is a powerful diagnostic technique for investigation of is a powerful diagnostic technique for investigation of physical processes in high-temperature plasmas as well as physical processes in high-temperature plasmas as well as

for studies for studies of plasma-target interactions.of plasma-target interactions.

4. Some spectroscopic measurements, as performed with RPI-4. Some spectroscopic measurements, as performed with RPI-IBIS facility, have also confirmed applicability of the time-IBIS facility, have also confirmed applicability of the time-

resolved spectroscopy for basic investigation and resolved spectroscopy for basic investigation and application oriented research, e.g. material engineering. application oriented research, e.g. material engineering.

The presented results of research on dynamics of pulsed The presented results of research on dynamics of pulsed plasma streams (produced in different experimental plasma streams (produced in different experimental facilities) as well as the described optical diagnostic facilities) as well as the described optical diagnostic

techniques are of importance not only for plasma physics techniques are of importance not only for plasma physics and particle accelerators, and particle accelerators,

but also for research on new technology.but also for research on new technology.


TIME-RESOLVED OPTICAL SPECTROSCOPY OF HIGH-TEMPERATURE PLASMAS M.J. Sadowski , K. Malinowski , E....

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