Time for a new Tandem? Marja Tammilehto-Luode. Bled 20082Marja Tammilehto-Luode Time for a new...
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Transcript of Time for a new Tandem? Marja Tammilehto-Luode. Bled 20082Marja Tammilehto-Luode Time for a new...
Time for a new Tandem?
Marja Tammilehto-Luode
Bled 2008 2Marja Tammilehto-Luode
Time for a new TandemReflections of the study about grids and blobs
Tandem studies - Tandem I - content and conclusions Tandem II - content and conclusions Results and next step
Bled 2008 3Marja Tammilehto-Luode
Tandem studies
a joint initiative by NSIs (ONS,SF,SS) ”In search for a common Geographical Base to compare
Statistics across the EU” cooperative action carried out in 2000-2003 funded by a grant from the Commission (85%) Tandem I 2000-2002, three parties, individual grants
Tandem II 2002-2003, three parties a joint grant Tandem I, ?
Tandem II, 15 staff months according to work plan
Bled 2008 4Marja Tammilehto-Luode
Tandem IPoint of departure: A need for more comparable territorial divisions for statistics
to visualise data more effectively to combine and compare data on different spatial units to combine or compare data on different spatial scales to make better statistical/spatial analysis of data (to test spatial
patterns and trends
m
The Tandem Consortium
Bled 2008 5Marja Tammilehto-Luode
The study of two parallel approaches
Regular tessellation approach
Statistics Finland’s responsibility study of methods to construct grid-
based statistics tests of candidate methods with
empirical data construction of a prototype tests on a prototype with a user
case
Irregular tessellation approach
Office of National Statistics in UK’s responsibility
study of methods of zoning design tests with ZDES (Zone Design
System) by Leeds University with empirical data
tests on a prototype with a user case
The Tandem Consortium
Bled 2008 6Marja Tammilehto-Luode
Input areas
Building blocks
Output areas
Regular tessellation Irregular tessellation
Bled 2008 7Marja Tammilehto-Luode
Bled 2008 8Marja Tammilehto-Luode
Bled 2008 9Marja Tammilehto-Luode
Tandem I: Work packages
WP1: A Professional context WP2: A Theoretical Assessment WP3: A Practical Assessment WP4: Results and recommendations
Bled 2008 10Marja Tammilehto-Luode
Tandem I: Conclusions
need for methods to optimise intermediate territorial divisions - to make/standardise “building blocks”
need for two parallel approaches - regular tessellation and irregular tessellation approach
harmonised methods for spatial analysis (delineation for example) are as important as comparable data itself
need for special disclosure control methods
Bled 2008 11Marja Tammilehto-Luode
Tandem I - Report
Backer, L. , Tammilehto-Luode, M., Gublin, P. (2002). Tandem GIS _I. A Feasibility study towards a common geographical base for statistics across European Union
Eurostat working papers: Http://europe.eu.int/comm/eurostat/Public/
Bled 2008 12Marja Tammilehto-Luode
The first report: http://europa.eu.int/comm/eurostat/Public/
datashop/print-catalogue/EN?catalogue=Eurostat&collection=12-Working%20papers%20and%20studies[Theme: General Statistics](Issue Date: 18/09/2002)
PDF -file 154 pages with pictures 200 pages
Bled 2008 13Marja Tammilehto-Luode
Objectives of Tandem II
Further development of methods introduced in Tandem_GIS I
Test with data of new variables and different kind of georeferences and different scale of analysis
Case studies-to highlight contrasts between geographical areas-to improve clustering methods and production of better estimates-to develop methods to transform data of different territorial divisions
Bled 2008 14Marja Tammilehto-Luode
Tandem II: Content of Action
How to build/a strategy for an SSAS (System of Small Area Statistics) for Europe
Development of delineation methods Comparison of grid-based and polygon-based approaches
in zoning/delineation Guidelines for dissemination of small area statistics
Bled 2008 15Marja Tammilehto-Luode
Building Blocks or Methods
Data
Grids and Blobs
Comparable Statistics
Comparable territorial areas
Comparable territorial statistics
= SSAS
Bled 2008 16Marja Tammilehto-Luode
A vision of SSAS in the year 2010
Phase I – Consolidation, Standardisation and Collaborative Research (2004 – 2008)-a common framework for spatial referencing, standard definitions and methods to construct building blocks...
Phase II – Dissemination and Local implementation (2006 – 2010-recommendations, guidelines available
Phase III – SSAS (2010 - ), -a catalogue of SSAS, easy-to use tools, documented user cases,
recommended methods for spatial analysis
Bled 2008 17Marja Tammilehto-Luode
EU strategy for SSASEurostat guides, intrepreters,
investigates
NSIs and NMAs
Best practices-applying data,
features and methods
ESPON and others
networks
Inspire,harmonisation rules
Ongoing feedback
Tuning of the strategy
Bled 2008 18Marja Tammilehto-Luode
Development of delineation methodsCase studies
WP3: Delineation by Automated Zoning Method (AZM)
WP4: Delineation by Interpolation (Kriging)
WP5: Delineation by AZM and Kriging
Bled 2008 19Marja Tammilehto-Luode
Comparison of AZM and Kriging
AZM (ZDES, University of Newcastle, UK)
Area-based input data Area optimisation by certain criteria Creates comparable data by
chosen constraints Problems
- Computing time- Islands- Definition of number of output areas
Kriging (Surfer, ArcGIS…) Point-based input data Creates continuous surface by
predicting cell values Isolines of certain values for
delineation
Problems- Several interpolation methods available - may give different results- Dependent on coverage of data
Bled 2008 20Marja Tammilehto-Luode
Comparison of grid-based and polygon-based approaches
Grid-based approach Best with accurate data (total
coverage), otherwise estimation needed
Spatial, comparable building blocks
AZM, Kriging and classification applicable
Applicable to different scales and resolutions
Polygon-based data Small area statistics (smaller
than NUTS5) - otherwise spatial analysis not valuable
AZM - when boundaries known (low resolution)
Kriging when boundaries unknown (low to high resolution)
Building blocks could be optimised first by AZM
Bled 2008 21Marja Tammilehto-Luode
Guidelines for dissemination of small area statisticsInternational/European..
Harmonised data- Need for reference data- Focus on metadata- Standard data model, storage format, output format
- Common grid net Collaborative agreement
- Formal project with proper funds- Focus on harmonised data specifications and common standards- Co-operation with mapping authorities may be fruitful- Third party may be needed to facilitate and optimise sharing, trading and extensive use of multinational data
Bled 2008 22Marja Tammilehto-Luode
Guidelines for dissemination of small area statistics
Quality and disclosure control- Different practice in each country- Essential part of good statistics- Emerging international standards (ISO 11913-11915)- Requires further studies/research both nationally and internationally- High expectations on INSPIRE
National and/or international guidelines- International guidelines can never compensate national standards- National guidelines should adopt international concepts, definitions, classifications, metadata descriptions….
Bled 2008 23Marja Tammilehto-Luode
Guidelines for dissemination of small area statistics
International - standardised grid net necessary- Common origo- Proper projections for different scales - For joining data from different areas (horizontally)- For joining data from different data sources (vertically)- For data capture, spatial analysis
International guidelines to enable better access to data
Bled 2008 24Marja Tammilehto-Luode
Bled 2008 25Marja Tammilehto-Luode
Bled 2008 26Marja Tammilehto-Luode
Bled 2008 27Marja Tammilehto-Luode
Bled 2008 28Marja Tammilehto-Luode
Conclusions
SSAS - Framework of spatial data of NSIs needed Harmonisation with ESDI and INSPIRE with emphasis on
analytical information Top-down co-ordination - Bottom-up implementation Restructuring and refinement of current systems Focus on user needs and case studies Standards for Data, Features and Methods Scalability, comparability, delineation, confidentiality,
quality, easy-to-use procedures...
Bled 2008 29Marja Tammilehto-Luode
Conclusions
SSAS - Framework of spatial data of NSIs needed Harmonisation with ESDI and INSPIRE with emphasis on
analytical information Top-down co-ordination - Bottom-up implementation Restructuring and refinement of current systems Focus on user needs and case studies Standards for Data, Features and Methods Scalability, comparability, delineation, confidentiality,
quality, easy-to-use procedures...
Bled 2008 30Marja Tammilehto-Luode
Tandem II - Report
Tandem II: Tammilehto-Luode, M., Ralphs, M., Backer, L. (2003).
Tandem II. Towards a common geographical base for statistics across Europe. The final report. 25 pages + Appendices 256 pages.
Bled 2008 31Marja Tammilehto-Luode
Bled 2008 32Marja Tammilehto-Luode
ResultsBetter understanding of spatial statistics
traditional regional statistics cannot describe properly regional changes of distribution of welfare-example of BKT/inhabitants of London
more precise allocation of multi problematic areas may cause better follow up of potential actions
more precise allocation of social actions may save governmental spending
small building blocks for other/flexible territorial statistics solutions for regional timeseries use of spatial analysis INSPIRE
Bled 2008 33Marja Tammilehto-Luode
Results
Long term general strategy to build SSAS (a system of small area statistics) for Europe
Development of delineation methods Comparison of grid-based and polygon-based approach in
zooning /delineating Guidelines for dissemination of small area statistics
Bled 2008 34Marja Tammilehto-Luode
Results
a proposal for a Eurogrid - a software to make it prototype of population grid data, a hierarchy of grids - by
aggregation and disaggregation methods European gridclub - number of members growing(?) several references (citations) in other publications - many
focusing the census 2010
Bled 2008 35Marja Tammilehto-Luode
Bled 2008 36Marja Tammilehto-Luode
GEOSTAT?