Time and Cost Cotrol-ojt3

8/17/2019 Time and Cost Cotrol-ojt3

1/14

TIME AND COST COTROL

It is crucial for the owners of a certain project that the consultants and contractors were

able to manage to construct according to the approved cost and finish date. Herewith, we can say

that, time and cost, were important components of any construction activity. These things are

necessary to record, analyze, and control the project flow and its movement. This is for the reason

that series of problems and a sum of variations are often encountered during the course of the

whole construction. Documents are frequently and necessarily prepared and obtained in order to

mae sure that the cost and time are in the right trac and is unobjectionable.

MANAGEMENT METHODS APPLIED

A. PERT/CPM

The (PERT)-Program Evaluatio a! R"vi"# T"$%i&u" chart is a project

management tool used to schedule, organize, and coordinate tass within a project. This is a

management technique developed by the !mericans in the "#$%s. ! similar methodology, the

&ritical 'ath (ethod )&'(* was developed for project management in the private sector at about

the same time.

This is vital because this is the tool that enables you to create and formulate decisions and

plan project strategies as the project progress and evolves. +esource eveling, -ast tracing,

&rashing are eamples of strategies to get your project bac on trac/ they all require a clear

understanding of tass dependencies, resource allocations.

0hile, the Criti$al Pat% M"t%o! (CPM) is a systematic project management technique

for process planning that defines critical and non1critical tass with the goal of preventing time1

frame problems and process bottle necs. The &'( is ideally suited to projects consisting of numerous activities that interact in a comple manner.

In applying the &'(, several steps can be summarized as follows2

Define the required tass and put them down in an ordered )sequenced* list.


2/14

&reate a flow chart or other diagram showing each tas in relation to the others.

Identify the critical and non1critical relationships among tass.

Determine the epected completion or eecution time for each tas.

ocate or devise alternatives )bacups* for the most critical paths.

3ust having &'( and '4+T alone can be more harmful if it is not updated as scope,

conditions, or assumptions change. It can actually be harmful as it provides an inaccurate view of

what needs to transpire.

'4+T and &'( are just pieces of paper if there is no discipline to accurately and

completely analyze the project into its time based components and monitor or maintain the

document based on performance and the given climate.

These documents are often being done in computer software such as2

Primav"ra

o 'rimavera is an amazing and easy to use project management software tool which

is not just used by project managers. Designed to mae managing large or

comple projects a piece of cae, 'rimavera is the ideal tool for anyone who is

involved in planning, monitoring and reporting on the progress of any big tas,

development or venture.

MS Pro'"$t

o This program was developed by (icrosoft.

o It is used to aid project manager in developing a plan, assigning resources to

tass, tracing progress, managing the budget, and analyzing worloads. The

application creates critical path schedules, and critical chain and event chain

methodology third1party add1ons are available.

Mi$root E*$"l

o This is the most common spread sheet application often used to enlist, tabulate,

and calculate data.

o This software was also developed by (icrosoft.


3/14

o It features calculation, graphing tools, macro programming language and pivot

tables.

o It is commonly used in monitoring the cost and cash flow of the project. The

'4+T or &'( and cash flow can be analyzed using this application.

+igur" ,. C%"$lit o Suortig Do$um"t a! Atta$%m"t or PERT / CPM


4/14

!. 0ar C%art

The 5ar &hart, or 6antt chart, is a visual presentation of the sequence of

construction events for the road1widening and construction. !s you can loo to

it, the 5ar &hart is a grid sheet with the construction activities listed vertically

in the first column and a timeline across the top in the first row. The time a

particular event )construction activity* is to occur is simply shaded in.

0. Li" Gra%

! line graph is a visual presentation that uses points connected by lines to show

how something changes in value )as time goes by, or as something else

happens*. In this project7s case, it is utilized in order to demonstrate the actual

versus the target schedule and accomplishments.

C. S-$urv"

The 81&urve is a graphical representation of the cumulative epenses of a

project over its time duration. -rom its definition, one could see that the 81

curve is actually a graphic plan of the cash out flow portion of the &ash -low

8tatement. It has been a practice, however, to super impose the income profile

on the 81curve. The income appears as stair1steps. The area between the

outflow and the inflow represents the woring capital requirements of the

contractor.

Sliag" from 81curve indicates the changes between the actual accomplishment and the

projected or planned accomplishment. The comparison is in terms of cost variances versus

the time allotted for a completion of a particular job.

If the actual accomplishment curve is below the planned curve, it means that the

project is eperiencing delays. 9n the other hand, if it is above the curve, it means that the

schedule is way ahead or advance.


5/14

-igure $.: &onstruction 8chedule, 81curve, '4+T &'(, 5ar &hart and &ash -low


6/14

-igure $.: shows the 5ar &hart and 81curve Diagrams demonstrating the &onstruction

8chedule of the 'roject. It also includes the slippage from the s1curve.

-or the bar chart, the project is set to be accomplished in :;% &alendar days as per the

contract but due to many delays that occurred in the construction project it was moved to a

greater etent. The schedule is however submitted by the contractor was plotted in the bar chart

and was divided to four quarters. This is divided to such because progress billing and payment is

done on a quarterly schedule basis with reference to the percent accomplishment of the project

done by the contractor.

The figure also shows the '4+T )'rogram 4valuation and +eview Technique*. In here,

we can see the different vital dates that should be taen note in the duration of the project. These

vital dates consist of the date when the project is officially eecuted, different suspension dates

that will temporarily halt the project operation and when these suspension orders will be lifted

and the project resumed. astly it shows the end date of the project.


7/14

Based from the gathered data from the DPWH – North Manila Engineering District, the figure above shows the slippage

values from May to November 2015. The blue is the positive slippage while the red is the negative slippage.


8/14

8upporting Document showing the slippage of the construction schedule is as shown in the

following images.

-igure $.< 'roject 'rofile showing slippage and its corresponding amount


9/14

-igure $.; 'age : of the 'roject 'rofile

-igure $.< and $.; shows the project profile that has slippage. If there are negative

slippages as shown above, catch up plans will be issued by the contractor in charge of the project

in hopes of bringing the project up to date to the set schedule.


10/14

CATCH UP PLANS

a)Workers are encouraged to work overtime. From the regular work

hours of 7am to 4pm, workers extend their working time until 9pm.

This is a great help to the additional percentage of completion.

Working on weekends was also being implemented to catch-up the

schedule.

b)Crashing of work activities was also done to serve as a catch-up means.

Workers are simultaneously working on two areas of construction.

COST CONTROL

In construction, it all boils down to the right estimate and performance of the wors in

the project. If the estimate is correct and the construction process is flawless, definitely there

will be no problem in the cost control. &onversely, mistae would always spring up to the

situation most especially in construction.

The construction budget will naturally come from the government since the project is

owned by the D'0H. The stating the amount of epenses the road project will incur will be

provided by the D'0H.

Total budget for the project was 'hp


11/14


12/14

-igure $.$ 5ill of @uantities


13/14

-igure $.= 'age : of 5ill of @uantities


14/14

-igure $.? 'age < of 5ill of @uantities

Time and Cost Cotrol-ojt3

Documents

Transcript of Time and Cost Cotrol-ojt3