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Ecem KelekliGökhan Al

IAED 204

STRUCTURE

CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS

WALLS

• 1-Solid Lumber Paneling

• 2-Veneer Paneling

• 3-Plastic Laminate Faced Paneling

WALLS

• 1-Solid Lumber Wood Paneling

WALLS

• 2-Wood Veneer Paneling

WALLS

• 3-Plastic Laminate Faced Wood Paneling

OPENINGS

window opening door openingwindow detail

FLOORS

• Wood flooring is any product • manufactured from timber • that is designed for use as • flooring, either structural or• aesthetic. Wood is a common • choice as a flooring material • due to its environmental profile, • durability, and restorability.

FLOORS

FLOORS

FLOORS

SOLID WOODEN FLOORINGS1.PARQUETRYParquetry is a geometric mosaic of wood pieces used for decorative effect. The two main uses of parquetry are as veneer patterns on furniture and block patterns for flooring.Parquet patterns are entirely Geometrical and angular—squares,triangles …The most popular parquet flooring pattern is herringbone.

FLOORS-PARQUETRY

FLOORS-PARQUETRY

FLOORS

SOLID WOODEN FLOORINGS 2.HARDWOOD FLOORING Solid wood flooring is made from one piece of hardwood timber.

The width of the boards can range from 90mm - 210mm and the average thickness is 18mm. The main disadvantages of solid flooring is with its installation. Solid wood will naturally expands and contracts after installation, it will also react to moisture problems in either the subfloor or the room it is installed in.

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SOLID WOODEN FLOORINGS2.HARDWOOD FLOORING

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Solid wood manufacturing

Solid wood flooring is milled from a single piece of timber that is kiln or air dried before sawing. Depending on the desired look of the floor, the timber can be cut in three ways: flat-sawn, quarter-sawn, and rift-sawn. Solid wood floors are mostly manufactured 3/4" thick with a tongue-and-groove for installation.

FLOORS

Engineered wood flooring is composed of two or more layers

of wood in the form of a plank. The top layer (lamella) is the wood that is visible when the flooring is installed and is adhered to the core.

FLOORS

Engineered Flooring is constructed of several layers of wood. It will usually consist of three different layers, a top hardwood layer, a core middle section and also a balancing bottom layer. All these are glued together under extreme pressure at 90 degree angles to each other.The top layer is what gives the engineered floor its looks, this is a real hardwood layer which can vary in thickness from 0.7mm up to 6mm. The middle section is what give the floor its stability and strength and can be made from softwood, plywood or HDF.

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What is the difference between a laminate, hardwood and an engineered hardwood floor?

FLOORS

Laminate is durable, cost-effective and comes in a variety of colours, textures and sizes. Laminate planks are typically 3/8” thick and are installed using a tongue and groove locking system, meaning you can install or uninstall with ease. It’s the most durable and easiest to clean. When you walk on it, you hear a shallow tap.

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Hardwood floors are made from solid, natural wood and depending on the kind of floor you want, you can purchase a variety of wood species. They are easier to damage than the two other floor types discussed here though, so buyer beware. Not only do they dent easier (i.e. if you walk with stilettos or drop a heavy object on the floor you’ll see dents), they cannot be left wet or else they’ll become damaged (the boards will swell and expand).Hardwood flooring is almost always more expensive but no one can argue how gorgeous it looks or feels when you walk on it.

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The best way to describe engineered hardwood flooring is to think of it like a hybrid car; it’s a little bit of laminate and a little bit of hardwood. It’s core is usually plywood or high-density fibreboard (HDF) and the top layer is composed of a of hardwood veneer which is glued atop the core to mimic nearly any species of hardwood. Engineered hardwood has the natural characteristics of the selected wood species as opposed to a photographic layer (which is what you get with laminate). The reason people tend to choose engineered hardwood over natural hardwood is garner greater moisture and heat resistance because ofthe core material.

FLOORSFLOOR FINISHES The two most popular modern finishes for wood flooring are oil-modified

urethane and water-based polyurethane.

1. Oil - Oiled floors have existed for several thousand years and is the most common floor finish used globally. Pre-finished oil floors can be UV cured. Most vegetable based oils are 100% natural.

2. Polyurethane - Polyurethane floor finishes were first introduced around 1942. There are several types of polyurethane finishes that exist, but the two most common are oil-modified polyurethane and water-based polyurethane.

FLOORSINSTALLATION SYSTEMS

One side and one end of the plank have a groove, the other side and end have a tongue. Tongue-and-groove flooring can be installed by glue-down (both engineered and solid), floating (mostly engineered only), or nail-down (not recommended for most engineered).

FLOORSINSTALLATION SYSTEMS

"Click" systems: there are a number of patented "click" systems that now exist. This system not only exists for engineered wood floors but also engineered bamboo and a small number of solid floors and is designed to be used for floating installations. It is beneficial for the Do-It-Yourself market.

FLOORSINSTALLATION SYSTEMS

Wood flooring can also be installed utilizing the glue-down method. This is an especially popular method for solid parquet flooring installations on concrete sub-floors. Additionally, engineered wood flooring may use the glue-down method as well. The wood pieces are then laid on top of the glue and hammered into place using a rubber mallet and a protected 2x4 to create a level floor. Often the parquet floor will require sanding and re-finishing after the glue-down installation method due to the small size pieces.http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=llA539qttKM

ROOF

ROOF MATERIALS

• Maple• Aspen• Pine• Baltic Birch• Yellow Poplar

TREATED WOOD ROOF SYSTEM

ROOF

ROOF

ROOF

STAIRCASES

Interior Wooden Staircase

Interior Wooden Staircase

Interior Wooden Staircase

• Advantages• -Allows paddlers easier access from a steep or eroding shoreline• -Aesthetically pleasing;less distruptive to ‘natural’ shoreline than

concrete• -May be easily and inexpensively repaired,if damaged

• Disadvantages• -Installation may be costly and may require alteration to shoreline• -May be susceptible to undercutting• -May require maintenance as stairs age and weather

FURNITURE

-) wood veneer-) massive wood furniture-) comparing of veneer&massive-) applications of furniture

FURNITURE

What is veneer?Wood veneer is a thin slice of wood cut or peeled from a log. The slice can be as thin as a piece of paper or thick enough to accommodate sanding and refinishing down the road. The veneer is adhered to another wood surface. Typically, the outer layer is made from the most beautiful or exotic woods, while the substrate is made from utilitarian woods or particle board. Veneers are not a new invention. By the 18th century, veneers had become an art form.

FURNITURE

1. ROTARY-PEELThis process involves treating the wood by boiling the log in water at a certain temperature for a certain amount of time. This style of manufacturing tends to have problems with the wood cupping or curling back to its original shape. Rotary-peeled engineered hardwoods tend to have a plywood appearance in the grain.

FURNITURE

2. SLICED-PEEL This process begins with the same treatment process that the rotary peel

method uses. However, instead of being sliced in a rotary fashion, with this technique the wood is sliced from the end of a log, resulting in disc shaped veneers.

FURNITURE

3. DRY-SOLID SAWN Instead of boiling the hardwood logs, in this process they are kept at a

low humidity level and dried slowly to draw moisture from the inside of the wood cells. This style of engineered hardwood has the same look as solid hardwood.

FURNITURE

Massive wood is a term most commonly used to distinguish between ordinary lumber and engineered wood, but it also refers to structures that do not have hollow spaces. 

FURNITURE

FURNITURE

How Solid Woods and Veneers Compare?1. AestheticsBeauty is in the eye of the beholder. If you are looking for the simple lines, plain woods, and solidness of Shaker or Mission style furniture, solid wood is a great option. If you want some curves in your furniture, matched grain patterns, inlaid woods or exotic woods, you’re going to be drawn to pieces that incorporate veneers.

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2. Durability

Solid wood furniture will last forever if it is made well. Veneers are often used for stability on surfaces that may warp if made from solid wood. Panels, sides and fronts of cases are typically made from veneers. Veneers are very durable, as illustrated by the many pieces of antique veneered furniture that are still in use today. However, since veneers are made up of a thin piece of wood over a substrate, sometimes deep scratches cannot be sanded out without exposing the substrate. This limitation makes solid wood desk and table tops a better choice in settings where furniture receives heavy use.

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3. Value

Furniture made completely from solid wood is more expensive than furniture made from a combination of veneers and solid wood. This stands to reason since more high-quality lumber is needed. In the case of exotic woods with limited availability, solid wood options may not even be available or may be so costly that very few people would consider a purchase.

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4. Environmental Considerations

If conserving natural resources is a priority, then furniture made of wood veneers is a great choice. The veneering technology makes it possible to get 15 to 20 tables out of the same lumber used to create just one solid wood table. The substrate used as the base for the veneer is an eco friendly way to use lower-grade lumber or particle board made up of recycled sawdust.

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Why not use solid wood?Solid wood is essential for posts or legs that support furniture, for framing, or

whenever carving is involved. Because of this, every piece of fine furniture is comprised of at least some solid wood. But consider these issues:

• Solid wood bows and warps over time.• Heat and humidity changes can make solid wood contract, leading to splits

along the grain known as “season cracks”.• Woods with the most beautiful natural patterns are often saved to make

veneers as a way to stretch the value of the lumber. • Solid wood is expensive.• Solid wood is heavy.• Solid wood does not bend easily.Veneers are simply a better choice when a cabinet maker wants to

incorporate curves, reduce warping or use exotic woods.

FURNITURE

FURNITURE

WOOD JOISTS

REFERENCES

http://www.artisan.ba/enhttp://www.actonacompany.com/Wooden-furniture-193.aspxhttp://www.ducharmewriting.com/The%20Truth%20About%20Veneers%20and%20Solid%20Wood%20Furniture.pdfhttp://www.kolarevic.co.rs/eng_index.htmlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wood_veneer