Tilapia and Europe - · PDF file One fish—many systems • From extensive ponds to...
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www.seatglobal.eu Tilapia and Europe the unfulfilled potential of a farmed tropical whitefish in European markets Dave Little and Francis Murray Sustainable Aquaculture Group, Institute of Aquaculture, University of Stirling Interested to hear your views Text me now on 07746373382
Transcript of Tilapia and Europe - · PDF file One fish—many systems • From extensive ponds to...
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Tilapia and Europe the unfulfilled potential of a farmed tropical whitefish in European markets
Dave Little and Francis Murray
Sustainable Aquaculture Group, Institute of Aquaculture, University of Stirling
Interested to hear your views Text me now on 07746373382
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Overview of talk
• …tilapia ..just another generic whitefish?...the global alternative
• Tilapia in the UK • Looking across the pond • Quality issues-off flavour • Enhancing sustainability
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Why tilapia..why now? Feeding low in the food chain Relatively high quality white fish Potential for contributing to European fish security Scalable, geographically widespread and low water footprint
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One fish—many systems
• From extensive ponds to super-intensive RAS • Main systems for export intensively managed
ponds and cages in reservoirs/lakes • Polycultures …increasingly with white
shrimp- but carps and other finfish common
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Diverse production systems
…from systems dependent on feed out of a bag
…to those entirely dependent on natural food within the system
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Rise of cage culture?
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Cages in tropical lakes
http://www.lakeharvest.com/
Intensive ponds
Photo Israel Snir
Balancing fertilizer and feeds in pond systems
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Life cycle analysis to understand global impacts
• Low fillet yield (30-37%) lots of by-products • Higher proximate environmental impacts of cages-nutrient
reuse, biodiversity, disease risks for cages compared to intensive ponds
• Higher energy use in intensive ponds • Main impacts through feed • Increasing ‘functional carnivory’-even low amounts of
fishmeal and oil (3 and 1.5% respectively) have major impact • At these levels of use, net fishmeal producers • Overall favourable between broiler chicken and Atlantic
salmon • Pelletier and Tyedmers 2010 Life Cycle Assessment of Frozen Tilapia Fillets From Indonesian Lake-Based
and Pond-Based Intensive Aquaculture Systems J. Industrial Ecology
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Tilapia in the UK
• False dawns
• Little real progress
• Towards the local or embracing the global?
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….history of local production • Poor design of facilities leading to production
failures • Shared energy source failure • High costs • Poor returns in conventional markets
• ‘This fish is a dud …it tastes of mud’ • High Fernley Whittingstall… Telegraph journalist
era..
Tilapia in barns…a radical form of diversification….?
• The concept - warmwater fish on conventional farms
• Insulated farm buildings • Feed on biofloc? • Locally produced feeds • Complexity and risk • Micro-production and local
food chains
Simple conventional recirculating systems..not biofloc
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Local, high value markets
• Product placement in a competitive context; Brixham and Dartmouth gastro pub, restaurant and wholesaler
• Whole fish left with chefs to prepare, interviews with chefs, and customers
• Celebrity chef refused to serve as no farmed fish sold in his establishment-
• Competitive alternative to freshly caught seafish
• Returns most sensitive to farm gate price and energy
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Imports… • Very limited in Europe (2000MT), particularly
in UK • Frozen Chinese whole fish (fresh markets) • Long-standing whole fish imports • Limited high end fillets-Waitrose; fresh now
frozen • Competition with Pangasius • …and then the 2012 Olympics
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…can we learn from across the pond? • “[UK] consumers are very habitual and not very experimental
when it comes to fish – they like their cod and haddock, and won’t easily adopt new species”
“you’ve got to engage the households”, mainly through retailers, who themselves employ chefs and inspire menu ideas “It won’t be easy, it wasn’t easy in America, you’ve just got to grind it out.” Smith of Continental Food, in part inspired by exchanges he’d had with Mike Pichetti, the former Regal sales executive who was instrumental in opening up the US market to Regal’s tilapia.
• Tallaksen 2013
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Rapid progress in North America • Fresh, high quality product from Latin America and
frozen from Indonesia
• Major growth of tilapia as pangasius trade was limited over the last decade
• Now in the top 5 seafood products
• Led the way for influx of a wide range of qualities, especially from China
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Jamaica
Colombia
Costa Rica
Ecuador
Honduras
Mexico
The fresh tilapia industry started 35 years ago-fromJamaica
19 On Tilapia Sustainability and people - ISTA 9 - CHINA 2011 - Israel and Yedod Snir
Slide Israel Snir
Market segmentation and differentiation
..a wide and increasing range of secondary processing in North
America
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A major challenge-consistent taste • Off flavours an increasingly common issue-to
unpredictable changes in natural organisms in culture water
• Can occur in any system – Salmon in RAS- its an issue – Shrimp –its an issue – Barramundi- a big issue
• For tilapias –it has been a major factor in market development
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Market impacts of off-flavours
For importers, a bad batch may be unsellable and hurt established business relationships. For retailers and food services, a single bad experience will drastically reduce repeat business Leading to negative perceptions of the fish and can lead to reduced overall demand and Lower Price.
Fitzsimmons, 2011
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China dominating production and export 2007
Egypt, 10.61%Indonesia,
9.91%
Philippines,9.63%
Thailand, 7.59%
Brazil, 3.80%
Taiwan Provinceof China, 3.04%
Malaysia, 1.29%
Honduras, 1.13%
Colombia, 1.12%
else, 6.65%
China, 45.25%
ChinaEgyptIndonesiaPhilippinesThailandBrazilTaiwan Province of ChinaMalaysiaHondurasColombiaelse
More than 75% of tilapia globally traded from China
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Where is tilapia produced in China?
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Rapid, but recent growth
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…export growth even more recent
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…will the export rise continue?
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Value-adding?
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Export nodes
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Where in Guangdong?
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The Maoming triangle
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Mainly ponds, cages constrained by water constraints
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Intensified pond management
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Engaging with Chinese stakeholders
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Mandating taste testing across the sector
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New entrants in Asia • Thailand has a large
domestic market for tilapia that has grown and diversified into multiple segments
• Growth has slowed but export markets need to methods that can produce competitively and without off flavour
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Action research on off-flavour tilapia
Observe Reflect
Act Plan
Outsider Expertise Stakeholder Experience
• Off-flavour is limiting exports and value
• Quality control is good • Supply of on-flavour fish limited
• Explore awareness along supply chain • Trial pond system for reducing off-flavours
• Workshops with farmers • Discussions with processors • Pond trials at demonstration
farms
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Standards and certification
• Are they providing the right levers towards greater sustainability?
• Full-cycle feedlot in cages in pristine tropical lakes compared to pond-based production?
• Towards standards that are green-water based (learning lessons from shrimp)
• May need marketing of ‘cream is good’
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LU WFC UCPH WU
UOS KU CTU SFU BAU
Europe Stakeholders Asia
CEFAS UB FAO
Research
Action
DIIS
Coordination
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Understanding and improving sustainability
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Life cycle analysis
Policy implications
Ethical issues
Public health impacts
Local environment
modelling
Social and economic impacts
Contaminant modelling
Scoping and boundary setting
Current
Action research along the value chain Improved
Ethical Aquatic Food Index
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EAFI
• Certification systems- to support further development
• Whole value chain approach-LCA ++ • Holistic approach –weighting of values • Not another standard but an interactive tool
to support standards development and sustainable seafood sourcing
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Could you use the EAFI?
• Contribute to the EAFI development contact Jason Weeks ([email protected])
• Check out progress at www.seatglobal.eu • Text (on 07746373382) or email us
