Tij3103 topic01 nm

1TIJ3103 – Network Management A071

TOPIC ONE (1)

Introduction & Network Management Background


Lesson Objectives• After finish this chapter, you’ll be able to

understand:• The importance of NM for the organization• NM definition• NM objective & functions• NM model


Outline

• Introduction & importance of NM• NM definition• NM objectives & functions• Role of NE • NM model• NM protocol• NM platform• NM application• NMS


Introduction

• WHY NM important?• to ensure the successful of the operation for

any network.

• Objective!• Combine all the network devices in order full

control could be done.

• WHY NM is critical in a network field?• Heterogeneous network & multi-vendor

products.


WHY NM Important?• Host centric & homogeneous ~ host

computer or mainframe manage the network.

• Currently, network expands without limitation such as in LAN, MAN, WAN.

• Different technology, application, protocol, topology and standards from multi-vendor make it difficult to manage the network.


What is NM?• IEEE Standard 802.6 ~ “NM provides mechanisms for

the monitoring, control, and coordination of all managed objects within the physical layer and DLL of a node”.

• Divakara K. Udupa ~ “monitoring and controlling the resources of computers, the resources used in the connection and communication of computers, and the applications used in the computers”.

• Butler Cox Foundation ~ “The set of activities required to plan, install, monitor and maintain all network components in order to achieve specified service levels reliably, at an acceptable and an agreed cost”.


Definition

• A set of activities such as planning, installing, monitoring, controlling, maintaining, all network components in order to achieve specified service levels reliably, at an acceptable and an agreed cost.


NM Objectives

• Higher network availability

• Reduce network operational costs

• Reduce network bottlenecks

• Increase flexibility of operation and integration

• Higher efficiency

• Ease of use

• Security


NM Functions

• Day-to-day functions• Control and maintain SLAs• User support• Fault, configuration, performance, security

and accounting management.

• Planning Functions• Tactical planning & design• Cost control• Policy and connection with vendors


Network Engineer (NE)

• NE responsible for:-• Installing, maintaining, controlling and troubleshoot

network• Ensuring information & data being sent through

network are consistent, accurate, fast, and economical according to customer needs.

• NMS helps NE in complex networks so that it becomes more eficient and transparent to the users.


NE Role

• Plan, design & analyze

• Build

• Maintain, direct & control

• Expand

• Optimize

• Troubleshoot & testing

• staffing

• Writing report


NE Role (cont…)• Plan, design & analyze• Network’s main objective ~ organization &

customer needs and satisfactions• NE needs to develop a comrehensive plan

including all network criterias.• When developing plan, NE will analyze user

community.• Design will include additional tools and

equipment to provide new route and back-up if fault happens or adding bandwidth.

• For planning, activities involved include develop objectives, schedule, budget, policy and procedures.


NE Role (cont…)• Build• With the help of network plan, NE will decide the

connection and the needs of hardware and software required.

• Xtvt involves include develop organization structure, delegation, procedure for integration among organizations.


NE Role (cont…)• Maintain, direct & control• After building network, NE needs to maintain

and monitor the network, eventhough it has been taking care during implementation of the network since, softwares and hardware may be failed and need to be updated.

• Directing also needed to ensure the xtvt, decision making, communication and motivation are successful.

• Control also needed to build, measure, evaluate and correcting performance so that it become a standard performance.


NE Role (cont…)• Expand• Changes in users’ need will affect the overall

network plan.• Usually, existing network will be expanded

instead of redesigning and building an entirely new one.

• NE needs to apply the correct networking solution to accommodate these changes.


NE Role (cont…)• Optimize• NE need to plan carefully to ensure each device

can operate when it required so that organization can achieve optimum network performance. (under-utilize)

• Each device need to be configured carefully using requried parameters settings so that the use of network can achieve optimum performance but not over the limit. (over-utilize)


NE Role (cont…)• Troubleshoot & testing• Network troubles still exist eventhough network

is built in care.• NE needs to control errors and faults from time

to time to reduce the network problems.• NE needs to solve the problems by doing some

testings, recording errors, changing the parameters & schedule, coordination, changing softwares, hardwares or circuits.


NE Role (cont…)• staffing• Xtvt involves such as interviewing, choosing and

training staffs.• One NE is not enough to manage the network in

an organization, thus, supporting staffs are required to help NE in daily work (i.e. system analyst, programmer, technical staff, OMPD etc.)


NE Role (cont…)• Writing report• NE is responsible for providing basic

information about status, reports and network documentation.

• Network status is part of the organization and control should be monitored so that network can be access continuosly.

• Incomplete network reports will give problems to organization when deciding to expand the network or for future needs.

• Network documentation is important to manage network and use for the future.


NM Model • ISO divides NM into 5 functional areas:

i. Fault management (kerosakan/ralat)

ii. Configuration management (konfigurasi/perubahan)

iii. Security management (keselamatan)

iv. Performance management (prestasi)

v. Accounting management (perakaunan)


Fault Management

• Process of locating problems, or faults on the data network.

• It involves:• Discover the problem• Isolate the problem• Fix the problem (if possible)

• Adv: with NMS, NE can locate & solve problems more quickly.


Configuration Mgmt• The configuration of certain network

devices controls the behavior of the network.

• Conf. Mgt is a process of finding the network data in the organization and use this data to reconfigure or to set up the network devices.

• It is the fundamental aspects for NM because fault, performance, security and accounting mgt is dependent or supported by the details in the configuration mgt.


Security Mgmt

• Process of controlling access to information on the network for authorized users only.

• Some information stored by computers attached to the network may be inappropriate for all users to view.

• It provides the methods to control access point and provide audit trails as well as alarm if violation of attempted or actual breaches of security.


Performance Mgmt• Involves the measuring the performance

of network hardware, software and media such as:• Throughput • Percentage utilization• Error rates• Response time

• The objective is to ensure that the network will have the capacity to accommodate the users’ needs.


Accounting Mgmt

• It involves:• Tracking each individual and group

user’s utilization of network resources to:• Better ensure that users have sufficient

resources• Determine cost and bill users

• Giving and taking back the network access privilege to the users.


NM Protocol

• A protocol is a set of rules that governs the aspects of communication and networking.

• NM protocols are needed to access the information from the network device.

• NM protocol can be simple, complexes or advance.


NM Protocol (cont…)

• Simple NM protocol would define common data formats and parameters and allow for easy retrieval of information.

• Complex NM protocol would add some change capability and a security mechanism to protect the information requested and to prevent anyone from making the changes.

• Advance NM protocol would be able to remotely execute NM tasks for all network devices.


Example of NM Protocol

• SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol)

• SNMPv2, SNMPv3.

• CMIS/CMIP (Common Management Information Services / Common Management Information Protocol)


NM Protocol Technology

• SNMP is a bit beyond the simple tool, with adequate monitoring and some change capabilities.

• SNMPv2 and SNMPv3 enhance the SNMP feature set.

• CMIS/CMIP approaches the advance tool, but implementation issues have limited its use.

• NM protocols simply give methods to monitor and configure network devices. It is a key point in the development of NM applications.


NM Platform

• A software package that provides the basic functionality of NM for many different network components.

• It is needed because NM involved in different systems and vendors, and each one manage only one specific device in the network.

• Each vendor develop different system from others such as modems, hubs, routers, multiplexers, and other network components.


NM Platform (cont…)

• In order these different systems integrate to each other, therefore, NM platform is needed.

• The goal of the NM platform is to provide generic functionality for managing a variety of network devices.


NM Platform Features

• Graphical user interface• Network map• Database management system • Standard method to query device• Customizable menu system• Graphing tools• Application programming interface• System security


NM Platform Features (cont…)• Graphical user interface

• GUI is useful for giving the user easier access to the features of the platform.

• Standard GUI should conform to a common look-and-feel standard.

• By using a standard GUI, the platform will behave in a manner that is documented and conformed by different vendors.

• If all vendors build their applications using a common look-and-feel, it makes the system easier to use an manipulate.

• Example: Microsoft Windows, OSF Motif, Sun MicroSystem Open Look.


NM Platform Features (cont…)• Network map • Network map is important in NM because it can

show the connection between devices (hardware, software, media) physically or logically.

• Fault mgt tools can show what cause the erros by using the colors in mapping.

• Configuration mgt tools can show the physical and logical configration of the network pictorially.

• Added benefits are: autodiscovery (automatically discover the devices in the network), automapping (draw the network graphically)


NM Platform Features (cont…)• Database management system • It helps in many network mgt tasks.• Applications can use the database for

information storage.• Relationships can be built between data

items, which help in network diagnosis and maintenance.

• DBMS allow users to generate customized reports and perform automated backup.


NM Platform Features (cont…)

• Standard method to query device• Important because the platform can gather the

information from different network tools by different vendors.

• NE can query each component to get the information through platform and the use of that data.



• Customizable menu system • Menus in platform NM can be changed and

designed according to the needs of user.• Through the customizable menu system, NE

tasks can be done consistently.• Menus by specific network tools or by

vendors can be made upon required and this will make NE easier to manage the device.



• Graphing tools• NM platform should give NE the ability to produce

graphs, such as line, bar, pie, column chart of data.• Also the ability to merge graphs into reports is

beneficial since it is easy to see information represented on a graph instead of raw data or text reports.

• Graphs of current network traffic and errors can help in fault and performance mgt, and graphs of historical data help isolate network trends.



• Application programming interface• API is a library of programming procedures and

functions allowing access to information kept within the NM platform.

• It is important because: it allows for integration of vendor applications, and it allows NE to write custom programs for their environments.

• Only through the API can external programs use the network map, integrate into the menu system, store and retrieve information from the database, send message to the event log etc.



• System security • NM platform and apllications contain a wealth

information about the network, the configuration of the device, network and applications security, performance and accounting methods.

• This information should be protected and can be accessed by network cracker or unauthorized user.

• The security for the platform must be additional to that provided by the OS.


NM Applications

• NM Platform provides generic functionality for all managed devices.

• NM applications is designed to help NE to manage a specific set of devices or services.

• NM applications are developed by network vendors to help customers manage their devices.


Relationship between platform and application.

Platform

…….Applications

Vendor 1 Vendor 2 Vendor X


Goals of NM Applications

• Effectively manage a specific set of devices

• Avoid functionality overlap with the platform

• Integrate with a platform through the API and menu system

• Reside on multiple platform


Goals of NM Application (cont…)

• Effectively manage a specific set of devices• A hub manufacturer could build an application that

shows the physical connectors on the hub when a user selects the hub on the network map.

• This application could allow the user to configure features of the hub, turn ports on or off, or monitor error rates and throughput.

• This application could help accomplish configuration and performance management tasks for the hub.



• Avoid functionality overlap with the platform• NM applications strive not to incorporate functionality

that overlaps with the platform.• Overlap would result in multiple ways to to

accomplish the same result on the platform, perhaps providing a confusing interface for the user.

• Also, producing features that exist on the platform could be waste of development effort for the application developers.

• When the platforms does not provide a feature that application needs, application will add those features.

• i.e. Pie graphs is not provided in platform, application may provide the features.



• Integrate with a platform through the API and menu system• This allows the user to view the applications

and platforms as one uniform NMS.• API allows for a programmatic interface to

the platform.• The menu system allows for the invocation

of application programs from the same menu system the users sees on the platform.



• Reside on multiple platform• Application that is available only on a single

platform forces the NE to use this platform for NM tasks.

• This is not an ideal situation because the single platform may not have the necessary features or support other needed applications.


Network Mgt System

• NMS is built from two (2) major components:• Platform• Applications

• Platform ~ A software package that provides the basic functionality of NM for many different network components (HP OpenView)

• Application ~ developed by vendors to help NE manage a specific set of devices or services (3COm hub)


Choosing NMS

• Perform device inventory

• Prioritize the functional areas of NM

• Survey NM applications

• Choose the NM platform

• In order (“Tertib”)


Choosing NMS (cont…)

• Perform device inventory• Identify hardware, software, circuit in the

network• Discover whether each of the devices is

manageable by any NM protocols either standard or proprietary

• Prioritize the mission-critical devices• Managing mail-server is more important than

printer server.



• Prioritize the functional areas of NM• In many cases, the most important areas of

NM is fault mgt.• However, some organization could require

security mgt or configuration mgt take first priority.

• This step is essential because we need to be able to pick the most important NM applications for the devices.



• Survey NM Applications• Find NM applications that help perform our

key areas of NM for the devices.• NM applications help to accomplish the

functional areas of NM because without the applications, we have only the generic functionality of the NM platform.

• Using applications designed to manage the devices allow us to spend resources actively in managing the network.



• Choose the NM platform• Ideally, the applications selected work on at least

one common platform.• If they work together on only one platform, the

choice is straightforward.• If there are many choices of platforms, we should

choose the one with the architecture that closely resembles the way our organization plans to manage the network. (centralized, distributed, hierarchical)

• Another criteria when selecting a platform is the hardware available to run the software on.



• In order• In choosing NMS, organization tends to

perform these steps out of order.• Many times selection of the NM platform

comes first; only later it is discovered that there are no applications that run on the platform to manage the important devices on the network.

• Follow the steps in order, so the NMS works well for the network and organization.


Review

• Introduction & importance of NM

• NM definition

• NM objectives & functions

• Role of NE

• NM model

• NM protocol

• NM platform

• NM application

• NMS

Tij3103 topic01 nm

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