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kkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkTkIkGkEkRkkkTkEkAkMkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkOa land,kCAkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkGarykRayk&kJeffreykMac okkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkk510-658-0607kkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkk

kkkkkThekmeaningkofkGenjo-kKo-ankcankbekinterpretedkaknumberkof#ways,kbutkthekbestktranslation,kbykT.P.kKasulis,kkisk"...`theindividualitykofkthingskmanifestingkthemselveskequally.'"k(5:83)kOfkallkthekessayskofkthekSho-bo-genzo-,kGenjo-kKo-ankbestkdescribeskDo-gen'skunderstandingkofkZen,kespeciallykhiskviewkofkultimatereality.kkkItkisksometimesksaidkthatkthekGenjo-kKo-ankiskthek eyktothekSho-bo-genzo-,kandkthatkthekotherkessayskstandkmerelykask"...somanykfacetskofk`Genjo-kKo-an,'kexploringkandkdevelopingkitskthemes."(2:46/6:56)kkAlthoughkitkisksaidkthatkDo-gen'skprimarykcontributioninkthekSho-bo-genzo-kiskhiskreminderktok"livekdailyklifekinkthemoment,"khiskconceptk#ofkwhatk"ultimatekreality"kreallykiskisk#also

ankimportantkconceptk#inkunderstandingkDo-gen'skandkhiskfullkrangeofkteachings.kkkkkAlmostkli ekthekstorykofkcreationkinkthekBible,kDo-genkplaceshiskdescriptionkofkrealitykatkthekbeginningkofkthekfirstkchapter,Genjo-kKo-an.kkThiskfirstksectionkreads:kkkkkkkkkkkkkkk(1)kWhenkallkthingskarekjustkwhatktheykarek[apartkkkkkkkkkkfromkdiscrimination],killusionkandkenlightenmentkexist,kkkkkkkkkkreligiouskpracticekexists,kbirthkexists,kdeathkexists,kkkkkkkkkkBuddhaskexist,kandkordinarykbeingskexist.kk(2)kWhenkthekkkkkkkkkkmyriadkthingskarekwithoutkself,ktherekisknokdelusion,knokkkkkkkkkkenlightenment,knokBuddhas,knokordinarykbeings,knokbirth,kkkkkkkkkknokextinction.kk(3)kSincekthekBuddhakWaykfromkthekkkkkkkkkkbeginningktranscendskfullnesskandkdeficiency,ktherekiskno

kkkkkkkkkkbirthkandkextinction,kdelusionkandkenlightenment,kbeingskkkkkkkkkkandkBuddhas.kk(4)kHowever,kthoughkthiskiskthekwaykitkis,kkkkkkkkkkitkiskonlykthis:kflowerskscatterkinkourklonging,kandkkkkkkkkkkweedskspringkupkinkourkloathing.k(2:46)

kkkkkThiskpassagekhaskcreatedkakcontroversykbetweenkmanycommentatorskwhokarguekoverkwhetherkDo-gen'skviewkofkrealitykinkthissectionkiskmadekupkofkprogressivekorkequalkstatements.kkThosekwhobelievekthekfirstkfourklineskarekprogressivekarguekthatkthekfirstlinekiskakdeludedkviewkofkreality,kfollowedkbykthekviewkofktherecognitionkofkemptiness,kandklastly,k"...thekcorrectkpositionkoftranscendencekofkbothkexistencekandknonexistence,kaffirmationkanddenial,kdifferencekandksameness."k(2:47)kkEachkofktheseklineskare

consideredktokbekakhierarchicalkscalekstartingkfromkthekmostdeludedkviewktokankenlightenedkview.kkkkkkkThekbiggestkcritickofkthiskview,kFranciskCoo ,kargueskthatunderstandingkthisksectionkaskprogressivekiskincorrect.kkCoo kgivestwokreasonskforkhiskview.kkFirst,khekinterpretskthekfirstkline"Whenkallkthingskarekjustkwhatktheykare..."kaskmeaningkwhenkallthingskarekBuddhakDharma.k(2:47)kkInkfact,#kmostktranslatorskofktheGenjo-k o-an,ksuchkaskThomaskCleary,kHee-JinkKim,kKazua ikTanahashiandkKosenkNishiyama,ktranslatekthiskphrasekdirectlykask"Buddhadharma"kork"buddhakteachings."k(2:32k/k6:51k/k9:69k/k7:1)kkIfkall

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thingskthenkarekBuddhakdharmak(buppo),ktheykmustkexistk"...inrealitykaskthek`EternalkLaw.'"k(2:47)kkIfkthiskfirstkwaykofkviewingrealitykiskincorrect,kthenkitkcannotkbekthekwaykrealitykiskviewed"Whenkallkthingskarekjustkwhatktheykare..."kkCoo 'sksecondkargumentrevolveskaroundkthekrepeatedkstatementkinklinekthreekaboutkthe"BuddhakWay"kalsokbeingkinkakwaykdifferentkfromkthek"Buddha-dharma"ofklinekone.kkAccordingktokCoo ,k"...thekviewkofkthingskexpressedinkthekfirstklinekcannotkbekakdeludedkview,kletkalonekthekinferiorofkthekthreekpositions."k(2:47)kkTherefore,kthekotherkoption,kthatofkeachklinekbeingkequal,kmustkbekexamined.kkkkkThekviewkthatkeachklinekiskequalkassertskthatktherekiskonerealitykorktruthkofkthekGenjo-kKo-an,kandkthatkeachkviewpointkiskanequallykvalidkviewkofkthekindividualsk#realitykonkthetransformativekpath.kkAccordingktokKim,k"Thesekthreekparagraphskcanbekviewedkaskdescribingkthekthreek`aspects'kofktheksinglekrealityofkthekrealization- o-an;katktheksamektime,#keachkaspectkiskitselfthekfullestkpossiblekexpressionkofkthekrealization- o-an,..."k(6:56)kWithkthiskviewpoint,kthek"Buddha-dharmas"kdoknotkcontradict.kkkkkkkkOnekmayknowkas :kWhykonlykthreekwayskofkviewingkreality?kkkDo-gen'skeducationkinkBuddhistkdoctrinekfirstktoo kplacekatkthekTendaitemple,kOnjo-ji.k(3:52)kkThisktrainingkiskevidentkinkthisksectionofkthekGenjo-kKo-an,ksincekthekTendaiksectkdividekrealitykupkintokfourparts,kunli ekotherk"sects"kofkBuddhism,kincludingkZen.kkAskforkthesignificancekofkviewingkrealitykinkfourkways,kratherkthankthreekor

five,kitkseemsktokbekankarbitraryknumberkchosenktokhelpkstudentsunderstandkthekpathktokrealizationkofkthekhighestkreality.kkAccordingktokZenkMasterkStephenkEchard,ktheknumberkofkwaysktokviewrealitykiskinfinitekandkarbitrarykifkonekgoeskbeyondkone.k(4)kkEachlevelkonkthek"realitykscales"kiskli ekakladderkwithkinfinitekrungs,eachkrungkofkthekladderkrepresentskakwaykofkviewingkreality.kkTostatekthatktherekarekfourkways,korkthreekways,kisktokignorektheotherkrungs.kkInktruth,ktherekiskonlykonekreality,kjustkasktherekisonlykonek"top"katkwhichkthekladderkleadskthekclimber.kkTokdescribedifferentkpointskofkascentkonkthekladderkcankbekusefulkinkjudgingankindividualsk#progress,kbutkthekevaluationkshouldknotkbekviewedaskultimatektruth.kkkkkkkTheklastksectionkreads:k(4)kHowever,kthoughkthiskiskthekwaykit

is,kitkiskonlykthis:kflowerskscatterkinkourklonging,kandkweedsspringkupkinkourkloathing.k(2:46)kkThisksectionkattemptsktokexplainthekself-sufficiencykofkeachkpreviouskviewpoint.kkThek"springingup"krepresentskformk(orksamsara).kkThek"scattering"kalludesk#toemptinessk(orknirvana).kkTherefore,k"ThekBuddha-waykiskthuskneitherplenitudek(samsara)knorkdearthk(nirvana),kandkyet,kitkisparadoxicallykbothkplenitudekandkdeath."k(6:56)kkEachkviewkistotallykindependentkandkdependentkatktheksamektime.#kk"...anydharmakbecomesktheksinglektotalkdharmakwhichktranscendskallkotherdharmaskandksimultaneouslykembraceskthemkall."k(6:57)kkkkkThiskviewingkofkrealitykaskdiscussed,kleadskmanykscholarsktodescribekthekGenjo-kKo-ankaskthek"presencingk o-an,"kduektok#itsemphasiskonkviewingkrealitykinkthekpresentkmoment,kaskitkisk(for

eachkindividual).k(8:145)kkAskforkbeingkak o-an,kbykexpressingrealitykaskitkis,kthekstudentk"...willkgivekthekaccuratedescriptivekresponsektokthekMasterkandkthusk`resolve'kallk o-ans."(8:145)kkThekformulakforkreflectingkrealitykinkthekmomentkinkaspontaneouskmanner,kisktaughtkbykDo-gen:kkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkTokmasterkthekBuddhakwaykisktokmasterkoneself,kkkkkkkkkkTokmasterkoneselfkisktokforgetkoneself,kkkkkkkkkkTokforgetkoneselfkisktokrealizekthekmyriadskofkdharmas,kkkkkkkkkkTokrealizekthekmyriadskofkdharmaskisktokcastkoffkone'skkkkkkkkkkkkkkkbodykandkmindkandkmindkofkothers.k(FROMk8:146,

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kkkkkkkkkkkkkkkGenjo-Ko-an)Bykclimbingkthekladderkwithoutkbeingkconsciouskofkthekrungs,ktheindividualkstandskakfightingkchancekofkreachingkthektop.kkAkZeno-ankevenkgoeskaskfarkaskas ing:kWhatkdokyoukdokafterkclimbingktothektopkofkakpole?kkThekappropriatekanswer...?kkkTa ekonekstep.kk

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kkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkWORKSkCITED

1.kkkCleary,kThomas,ktrans.kkSho-bo-genzo-:kZenkEssayskbykDo-gen.kkkkkkHonolulu:kUniversitykofkHawaiikPress,k1986.2.kkkCoo ,kFranciskH.kkSoundskofkValleykStreams.kkAlbany,kNY:kStatekkkkkUniversitykofkNewkYor kPress,k1989.3.kkkDumoulin,kHeinrich.kkZenkBuddhism:kAkHistory.kVolumekII,kkkkkJapan.kkNewkYor :kMacmillankPublishingkCompany,k1990.4.kkkEchard,kStephen,kRoshi.kkPersonalkConversation.kkSankDiego,kkkkkDecemberk9,k1990.5.kkkKasulis,kT.P.kkZenkAction,kZenkPerson.kkHonolulu:kThekkkkkUniversitykofkHawaiikPress,k1981.6.kkkKim,kHee-Jin.kkFlowerskofkEmptiness.kkLewiston,kNY:kThekEdwinkkkkkMellenkPress,k1985.7.kkkNishiyama,kKosenkandkJohnkStevens,ktrans.kkSho-bo-genzo-.kVolumekkkkkI.kkSendai,kJapan:kDaiho ai a ukPublishingkCompany,k1975.8.kkkShaner,kDavidkEdward.kkThekBodymindkExperiencekinkJapanesekkkkkBuddhism.kAlbany,kNY:kStatekUniversitykofkNewkYor kPress,kkkkk1985.9.kkkTanahashi,kKazua i,ked.kkMoonkinkakDewdrop.kkSankFrancisco:kkkkkNorthkPointkPress,k1985.

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kkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkWORKSkCONSULTEDkkkkkCleary,kThomas,ktrans.kkSho-bo-genzo-:kZenkEssayskbykDo-gen.kkkkkkHonolulu:kUniversitykofkHawaiikPress,k1986.kkkkkCoo ,kFranciskH.kkSoundskofkValleykStreams.kkAlbany,kNY:kStatekkkkkUniversitykofkNewkYor kPress,k1989.kkkkkDumoulin,kHeinrich.kkZenkBuddhism:kAkHistory.kVolumekII,kkkkkJapan.kkNewkYor :kMacmillankPublishingkCompany,k1990.kkkkkEchard,kStephen,kRoshi.kkPersonalkConversation.kkSankDiego,kkkkkDecemberk9,k1990.kkkkkEliot,kSirkCharles.kkJapanesekBuddhism.kkLondon:kEdwardkArnoldkkkkk&kCo.,k1935.kkkkkJi ai,kReverendkandkReverendkJiho.kkTendaikBuddhismkForkkkkkAmericans.kAkPamphlet.kkCapekGirardeau,kMO:kThekTendaikkkkkBuddhistkInformationkCenter,kN.d.kkkkkKasulis,kT.P.kkZenkAction,kZenkPerson.kkHonolulu:kThekkkkkUniversitykofkHawaiikPress,k1981.kkkkkKim,kHee-Jin.kkFlowerskofkEmptiness.kkLewiston,kNY:kThekEdwinkkkkkMellenkPress,k1985.kkkkkNishiyama,kKosenkandkJohnkStevens,ktrans.kkSho-bo-genzo-.kVolumekkkkkI.kkSendai,kJapan:kDaiho ai a ukPublishingkCompany,k1975.kkkkkShaner,kDavidkEdward.kkThekBodymindkExperiencekinkJapanesekkkkkBuddhism.kAlbany,kNY:kStatekUniversitykofkNewkYor kPress,kkkkk1985.

kkkkkSteinilber-Oberlin,kE.kkThekBuddhistkSectskofkJapan.kkkkkkWestport,kCT:kGreenwoodkPress,kPublishers.kk1970.kkkkkTanahashi,kKazua i,ked.kkMoonkinkakDewdrop.kkSankFrancisco:kkkkkNorthkPointkPress,k1985.

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kkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkSho-bo-genzo-kGenjo-kKo-ankkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkManifestingkAbsolutekReality

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