November 29, 2012 Issue # 796The Little Paper Ever Read®NeatestPublished by: Wick Publications • P.O. Box 12861, Grand Forks, ND 58208 • For Advertising Call: 701-772-8239 • wickpub@yahoo.com

TIDBITS® TAKES A RIDE ON THE

INTERSTATEby Janet Spencer

FREE!ALL RIGHTS RESERVED ©2012

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The Interstate Highway system is the longest engineered structure ever built. There are some 43,000 miles of interstate highways in the U.S. built as a result of the largest public works proj-ect ever undertaken by humankind. Join Tidbits as we take a ride down the highway! • In 1903 it took a doctor from Vermont and

his mechanic 63 days to drive from San Francisco to New York in their two-cylinder Winston. (At the time, the same trip by rail-road took about four days.) Six years later it took 21-year-old Alice Huyler Ramsey and her three girlfriends 41 days to do the same trip in their Maxwell, as a publicity stunt. Around the turn of the century, roads were nothing more than dirt tracks. When it rained or snowed, they became mud tracks. There was no organized system of roads connecting places. America needed better roads.

• In 1919 young Lieutenant Colonel Dwight Eisenhower joined the military’s very first transcontinental trip. A three-mile long cara-van of vehicles carrying 260 enlisted men, 35 officers, and a 15-piece band set off from the White House in Washington, D.C. for San Francisco, 3,251 miles away. It took them 62 grueling days to cross the country. They aver-aged five miles per hour on roads that ranged from fair to horrible.

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• During World War II, Eisenhower toured Ger-many after V-E day, driving on the marvelously efficient Autobahn highway system that the German war machine built. He noted that al-though the railroads could be taken out with a single well-placed bomb, the Autobahns were far more difficult to destroy, even if they were pocked with bomb craters. Good highways, he concluded, were essential for national defense. It was a lesson he never forgot.

• On June 29, 1956, President Eisenhower signed the Federal-Aid Highway Act. The interstate system was born. To help fund the project, the bill increased the federal tax on gas by a pen-ny per gallon. The project was to build 41,000 miles of divided limited-access highways in-cluding 16,000 interchanges and 55,000 bridges and overpasses. The average distance between exits was three miles.

• Deciding on a color for interstate signs was not an easy matter. Bertram Tallamy, the federal highway administrator, insisted on blue signs with white lettering, but a committee with the American Association of State Highway Of-ficials wanted green signs with white letters. To settle the issue, the Bureau of Public Roads built a special three-mile test road in Maryland and hired hundreds of drivers to travel it at 65 m.p.h. On the way they passed three test signs in blue, green, and black. At the end of the road they were to vote on their favorite color. Green got 58 percent of the vote; blue 27 percent; and black got just 15 percent of the votes. Tallamy reluctantly conceded, and all highway signs are now green. Only later was it revealed that he suffered from color blindness. To him, the green signs appeared to be pale yellow.

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Eisenhower required one out of every five miles of interstate highway to be absolutely straight in order to serve what emergency purpose?Each mile of four-lane freeway covers how many acres of land?What percent of the 45,000 high-way deaths in the U.S. each year are alcohol-related?

1.

2.

3.

What U.S. state has more miles of highways than any other state?What famous politician did Alex P. Keaton idolize on the TV show “Family Ties”?How many letters are there in the Greek alphabet?How many pairs of ribs does a human body normally have?In which year did the U.S. space shuttle first fly into orbit?

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

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INTERSTATE HIGHWAYS (continued):

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Where is Tim Wakefield onthe list of most career vic-tories by a Boston Red Sox pitcher?In 2012, Toronto and Cleveland played the longest Opening Day game in history (16 innings). What was previ-ously the longest game?Since 1970, how many NFC Championship games have the Minnesota Vikings played in?

Who is the only player in NFL history to have eight seasons of at least 290 rushing attempts and 50 receptions?Beginning in 1917 with the Seattle Metropolitans, how many times has a U.S.-based team won the Stanley Cup—39, 42, 45 or 48 times?In how many of the past 16 Ryder Cups (1981-2012) has the team trailing after the first day of golf play gone on to with the event?

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5.

6.

sports Quiz

• Interstate highways running north and south are assigned odd numbers starting on the west coast and moving east, with Interstate 5 fol-lowing the Pacific coast and Interstate 95 fol-lowing the Atlantic coast. Routes going across the country east and west have even numbers starting with Interstate 10 in the south and moving up to I-94 in the north. Primary in-terstate highways use either a one-digit or a two-digit number. Auxiliary interstate high-ways that link up with the primary highways all have three digits, composed of the number of the interstate ‘parent’ highway, plus a mul-tiple of the number 100. Generally, three-digit interstates that both start and end at a primary interstate, such as a beltway, will all begin with an even number, such as I-418. Auxiliary inter-states which dangle without ending at another interstate will usually begin with an odd num-ber. Three-digit highway numbers are unique within a state, but can be duplicated across the country. For instance, there are seven different highways called I-295 ranging from Maine to Florida.

• Kansas was the first state to begin construct-ing their interstate highway. Eight days after Eisenhower was re-elected in 1956, the na-tion’s first stretch of Interstate opened near To-peka, only 70 miles from Eisenhower’s home-town of Abilene. That prompted work in states all over the nation, and construction proceeded at the average rate of 1,000 miles per year. Suddenly a big conveyor belt was moving: the more highways there were, the more cars trav-eled; the more cars traveled, the more gas they used and the more gas tax they paid; the more taxes paid, the more money for new highways; the more highways built, the more cars traveled.

INTERSTATE HIGHWAYS (continued):

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INTERSTATE HIGHWAYS (continued):

• The arrival of interstate highways often had det-rimental effects on surrounding communities which continue today. Highways made it easier for people who work in the cities to live in the suburbs, so those who could afford to move did so, leaving behind only those who couldn’t af-ford to move, generally minorities. The busi-nesses followed, finding better locations where they catered to wealthy suburbanites instead of poor city dwellers. The result was the constant and continuing erosion of the tax base in cities. Slums spread. Another effect was that interstate interchanges attracted businesses that catered to highway travelers: gas stations, motels, restau-rants, malls. As more and more businesses relo-cated to the highways, fewer and fewer people shopped in downtown districts, which often be-came derelict. In most cities around the world, real estate close to the city center is the most valuable property. In the U.S., the opposite is often true.

• The highway system was supposed to be done in a mere thirteen years. Instead, it took forty years. $25 billion in federal funds were desig-nated to pay for the project; it ended up costing $560 billion.

• To construct the interstate highway system, enough concrete was poured to make a side-walk extending from Earth to a point five times the distance to the moon. Enough earth was moved to cover the state of Connecticut knee deep in dirt.

• The Century Freeway in L.A. was opened in 1993, completing one of the final sections of in-terstate. By that time, over 90 percent of Ameri-can households owned at least one vehicle.

• Although it composes only 1.2 percent of the nation’s roadways, the interstate system carries nearly 23 percent of the traffic.

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• World tours were extremely successful. On a trip to England Barnum very much wanted the publicity that would result from an audience with the Queen. But the Queen was in mourning and refused to see any visitors. So Barnum merely announced that he was leaving Eng-land and traveling to France in order to introduce Tom Thumb to the King of France. A fierce social rivalry ex-isted between the Queen of England and the King of France. As Barnum expected, an invitation to visit the Queen was not long in coming.

When Charles Stratton was born in Connecticut in 1838, he weighed a healthy nine pounds, eight ounces. However, his parents soon noted that he wasn’t growing like other children. A malfunc-tioning pituitary gland slowed his growth, so at age four, he was only 25 inches long. He never grew much beyond that height. At the age of five he weighed exactly as much as he had at the age of 15 months. He was perfectly normal except for his size. He was not misshapen or ugly, but instead was perfectly proportioned, very attrac-tive, and extremely intelligent. At the age of five Charles was first introduced to Phineas T. Bar-num, and Barnum knew his fortune was made. • Charles’ name was changed to General Tom

Thumb, and he was billed as being 11 years old and from England, when in reality he was only 5 and from Connecticut. (When they travelled to Eu-rope, he was billed as being American, and when he grew older his age was revised downward.) Af-ter being put on stage in a comedy routine with two 8-foot giants, Tom Thumb became the darling of the world. 15,000 people a day flocked to see him, each paying a quarter entrance fee.

OVERCOMING THE ODDS:CHARLES STRATTON

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CHARLES STRATTON (continued):

• Once when Tom Thumb was robbed, Barnum himself spread the rumor that Tom had been kidnapped and was being held for ransom. The public furor increased interest all over Europe.

• Tom Thumb had a delightful sense of humor and impeccable manners. He had a gift for improvisation while on the stage. His spe-cialty was imitating Napoleon Bonaparte, an act that won him world-wide renown. After traveling the world with Barnum, he returned to his hometown of Bridgeport, Connecticut, where he had a home built to scale, with fur-niture and furnishings constructed in exactly the correct proportions.

• When Barnum hired a 32-inch-tall female performer named Lavinia Warren Bump, Tom Thumb instantly fell in love, and the two were married. Their wedding was fea-tured in every newspaper and magazine in the nation. The newlyweds toured the world together, performing in nearly 600 cities around the globe. By the time they returned to Connecticut, they had performed in front of more people than any other person in his-tory – a record they held until the invention of the television. They were also rich beyond their wildest dreams. When Barnum went bankrupt after investing unwisely, it was Tom Thumb’s earning power that put him back on his feet.

• When Charles Stratton died of a stroke at the age of 45, he stood 3 feet, four inches tall and weighed just 71 pounds. More than 10,000 mourners attended his funeral, and newspa-pers around the world carried news of his death and descriptions of the funeral service. His wife lived to the age of 77, and is buried beside him in Connecticut.

:Apples float, but pears sink.Large forest fires can create tornadoes made of flames.Some dinosaurs had 1,000 teeth.

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The drug proved to have no ill effect on Ellis; in fact, he pitched a no-hitter. When he recounted the event to a re-porter 12 years later, he said he remembered only bits and pieces of the game, though he felt euphoric. Many years later, after being treated for addiction, Ellis became a coordinator for an anti-drug program in California. • It’s been reported that Albert Einstein did not like to wear socks.• George W. Church, the founder of Church’s Fried Chicken, didn’t actually en-ter the restaurant business un-til after he retired. In his first career, Church ran a chicken hatchery and sold incubators.• Historians say that Rus-sia’s Peter the Great was nearly 7 feet tall.* * *Thought for the Day: “Some-times I wonder if men and women really suit each other. Perhaps they should live next door and just visit now and then.” -- Katharine Hepburn

• It was revered civil-rights leader Mohandas Gandhi who made the following sage observation: “Freedom is not worth having if it does not connote freedom to err.”• If you’re afraid of rats and mice, you might not want to read the follow-ing tidbit: Those who study such things say that 60 percent of all the mam-mals on earth are rodents.• Athletes playing baseball on steroids have frequently been in the news in recent years, but drugs are nothing new in America’s national sport. During the late 1960s and throughout almost all of the ‘70s, Dock Ellis was a valued pitcher who played for several teams, includ-ing the Pittsburgh Pirates. On June 12, 1970, Ellis took LSD, under the mis-taken belief that it was an off day for his team. By the time he realized that the Pi-rates were scheduled to play against the San Diego Padres that evening, it was too late.

Place a letter in the empty boxes in such a way that each row across, each column down and each small 9 box square contains all of the letters listed above the diagram. When completed, the row indicated will spell out a word or words.

© 2012 King Features Synd., Inc.

by Linda ThistleLETTER BOX

u

© 2012 by King Features Syndicate. All rights reserved

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M IS FOR MOSQUITO“Mosca” is Spanish for fly, and “ito” means small: mosquito. They live at altitudes up to 8,000 feet in the Himalayas and below sea level in California’s Death Valley. They live in the jungle and the tundra. Approximately ten tril-lion mosquitoes invade the U.S. every summer. That’s about 41,000 mosquitoes per person. • At certain places in the Canadian Arctic, huge

swarms can bite an unprotected human up to 9,000 times per minute. A person in this situation could lose half their blood volume in two hours. Mosquitoes even draw blood from freshly dead animals. Scientists esti-mate there are around 2500 different species of mosquito, although only 130 live in North America. Of those, only two kinds regularly snack on a human beings- and it is only the females who bite.

• The female’s antennae are long and thread-like, but the male’s are bushy like tiny feath-ers. The female uses her antennae for tracking the source of carbon dioxide. She can detect a human being from a distance of 40 yards even in darkness. A mosquito’s wings beat around 600 times per second, and the male uses his fuzzy antennae to home in on the whining sound of the female’s wingbeat which is dif-ferent from the sound of a male’s wingbeat. The sound also differs from species to species and the male of one species ignores females of another species.

• A power station built in Canada malfunc-tioned over and over until engineers found that the equipment was being jammed by thousands of male mosquitoes who were at-tracted to the whining sound of the machin-ery which perfectly imitated the sound of a female mosquito. Male mosquitoes will even be attracted to a tuning fork that vibrates at the same frequency of the humming of a fe-male’s wings.

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DEERE. JOHN DEERE. (continued): • It was while living in Illinois that John no-

ticed the problems that farmers faced when attempting to till soil. Because the area had formerly been woodland, the soil was rich with hummus, which clumped and clung to the blades of the plows farmers were accus-tomed to using. While repairing a broken cir-cular saw, Deere stumbled upon an idea. He employed his smith skills to fashion the steel blade into the shape of a plow. He affixed two wooden spokes, then hitched the device to a horse. It plowed the heavy Illinois soil like a charm. In fact, a farmer who happened to be observing the test run immediately put in an order for his own John Deere plow.

• In short order, Deere gave up his blacksmith shop and focused on making plows. The company grew steadily and added many em-ployees. In the late 1840s, John relocated the entire operation to Moline, Illinois. Ashamed of his own lack of education, John sent his children to the state’s finest schools. One of his proudest days occurred when son Charles earned the equivalent of an MBA from Bell’s Commercial College in Chicago.

• With his son Charles managing the company, John found time to pursue philanthropic in-terests. He co-founded both the First Nation-al Bank and the First Congregational Church. He was elected the mayor of Moline in 1873, where one of his first actions – the replace-ment of the city’s open drains with a sewer pipe system – saved countless lives by reduc-ing the spread of disease.

• The original John Deere logo, registered in 1876, depicted a deer that was native to Afri-ca. Thirty-six years later, in 1912, it was re-placed with the image of a North American white-tailed deer. In the decades that fol-lowed, the now-familiar “outline” logo took over as the symbol of the John Deere brand.

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MOSQUITOES (continued):• Pregnant female mosquitoes need a meal of

blood to get protein they need to lay their eggs. If you look closely at a female mosquito, you will see only one thin needle-like proboscis. However, there are four different tools inside this sheath. Two of them act like electric carv-ing knives, with serrated edges that slice up and down to drill a hole in the donor’s skin. One acts like a hose, injecting saliva which thins the blood, prevents it from clotting, and makes it easier to suck. It’s the allergic reaction to this saliva that causes the itch, and the average time between the sting and the itch is three minutes. The fourth tool acts as a straw, drawing blood into the mosquito’s body. In 90 seconds of suck-ing, she can take in more than her weight in blood, supplying enough protein to enable her to lay several hundred eggs. After she’s done laying her eggs, she immediately begins to look for another blood meal so she can lay more. If she escapes predators and other disasters, she can lay eggs some 20 times before dying of old age after four or five months. Fortunately, only about one out of every 200 female mosquitoes lives long enough to reproduce.

• Most mosquitoes feed on nectar, fruit juices, or honeydew excreted by aphids and other insects. One kind lands on ants and thrusts its beak down the ant’s gullet to rob it of semi-digested food. In Steven Speilberg’s film Jurassic Park scientists discover a giant ancient mosquito of the species Toxorynchites trapped in amber. Finding that the mosquito fed on a dinosaur before becom-ing trapped, they use DNA from the dinosaur blood to reconstruct new dinosaurs. However, the Toxorynchites was one breed of mosquito that never fed on blood, only plant juices. Its mouth parts weren’t set up for piercing skin and sucking blood.

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